WO2015039729A1

WO2015039729A1 - System and method for at least partial gasification of solid organic starting material

Info

Publication number: WO2015039729A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/002370
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sven Halang; Gerald GAUBE; Jens Buschmann; Tomas Suchy
Original assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2013-09-18
Filing date: 2014-09-02
Publication date: 2015-03-26
Also published as: DE102013015539A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for at least partially gasifying solid organic starting material, comprising a low temperature gasifier system for obtaining tar-containing carbonization gas by carbonizing the starting materials at a low temperature, and a high temperature gasifier system for converting carbonization gas by partially oxidizing and subsequently partially reducing to synthesis gas. Said low temperature gasifier system comprises at least two low temperature gasifiers which can operate independently from each other and/or the high temperature gasifier system comprises one or at least two high temperatures gasifiers which can operate independently from each other.

Description

description

Plant and process for the at least partial gasification of solid organic

feedstock

The invention relates to a system and a method for at least partial

Gasification of solid organic feedstock, especially biomass, with a low temperature gasifier and a high temperature gasifier.

PRIOR ART Processes for the production of synthesis gas from solid organic feedstock, also referred to as gasification processes for short, are known. Advantageously, coal or biomass are used as starting material for such processes. In biomass gasification processes, for example, used wood and forestry wood or so-called energy wood, but also agricultural residues such as straw or chaff are used.

By gasification of biomass to synthesis gas with downstream

Process steps (so-called Biomass-to-Liquids method, BTL) can

For example, synthetic biofuel can be obtained in its

physicochemical properties of known gas-to-liquids (GTL) and coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuels. An example of a plant for the production of BTL fuels is in Kiener, C. and Bilas, I .: Synthetic biofuel of the second generation. World's first commercial BTL production plant. Energy 2.0, July 2008, p. 42-44.

Processes and plants for the at least partial gasification of solid, organic feedstock are also known, for example, from EP 0 745 114 B1, DE 41 39 512 A1 and DE 42 09 549 A1. The present application relates in this case to such processes or plants which have a low-temperature gasifier and a high-temperature gasifier, as explained below. Compared with other methods, these allow, inter alia, a lower consumption of feedstock and have a higher cold gas efficiency. In a low-temperature carburetor, the feedstock, for example

Biomass, by partial gasification with a gasification agent at temperatures between about 300 ° C and 600 ° C to coke (so-called in the case of biomass

Biokoks) and Schwelgas implemented. The implementation is under this

Registration referred to as "smoldering". Smoldering is known to be characterized by a stoichiometric oxygen supply and thus an incomplete

Combustion at a comparatively low temperature.

The carbonization gas is then transferred to a combustion chamber of the

High-temperature gasifier and transferred there with an oxygen-containing gas, for example with more or less pure oxygen, but also with air and / or oxygen-containing exhaust gases, e.g. from gas turbines or internal combustion engines, partially oxidized. By this oxidation released heat causes a temperature increase to 1200 ° C to 2000 ° C, for example 1400 ° C. Under such conditions, aromatics, tars and oxo compounds contained in the carbonization gas are completely decomposed. This forms a synthesis gas, which consists essentially only of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The synthesis gas can also be referred to as (synthesis) raw gas at this point. In a further stage, the synthesis gas thus produced is brought into contact with coke from the low-temperature gasifier, for example in a quench unit integrated in the high-temperature gasifier or in a quench unit connected downstream of it. The coke may be previously treated separately (e.g., by grinding and sifting) and then introduced into the quench unit. By endothermic reactions between coke and syngas, the latter is cooled to about 900 ° C. This causes partial conversion of the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

The carbon monoxide-rich synthesis gas thus produced can then be further conditioned. The conditioning includes, for example, another

Cooling, dedusting, compaction and / or the separation of

Residual carbon dioxide.

For many applications it can be seen that the capacities of

Low temperature carburetors and high temperature carburetors are different or not optimally matched. For example, the capacity of a Low temperature carburetor may be limited by the maximum length of the shaft of a stirrer used. Conventional low-temperature gasifiers, for example, also have a larger number of mechanically moving parts, so that they are more prone to maintenance than high-temperature gasifiers.

There is therefore a need for improvements in the mapping of

Low temperature carburetors and high temperature carburetors in the context of

Gasification plants. According to the invention, an installation and a method for the at least partial gasification of (solid) organic feedstock, in particular of biomass, with the features of the independent patent claims are proposed. Preferred embodiments are subject of the subclaims and the following description.

Advantages of the invention

The invention is based on known systems and methods for the at least partial gasification of solid, organic feedstock, for example biomass. From the feedstock a tar-containing carbonization gas is recovered in a low-temperature gasifier by smoldering, as explained above. The carbonization gas is

then reacted in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and then partial reduction to a synthesis gas. The inventive provision of gasification plants with at least two independently operable low-temperature carburetors and / or

at least two independently operable high-temperature carburetors allows in a simple manner to make optimum use of the capacity of the plant.

For example, it is possible to set the system according to the maximum capacity of the system

High-temperature carburetor or a single high-temperature carburetor interpret, and thus save investment costs.

An interconnection of several low-temperature carburetors one

Low temperature carburettor system with a high temperature carburetor allows redundant (ie either individually or together operable) Low-temperature carburetor to connect to a high temperature carburetor, and to realize, for example, an effective load distribution. This can be taken into account the fact that low-temperature carburetor usually

are more susceptible to maintenance. It is for example possible, individual

Turn off low temperature carburettor for maintenance purposes without affecting the overall operation of the gasification plant.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. Advantageously, it is in providing at least two

Low-temperature carburetors possible to form them such that they can be equipped with different feedstock. The respective ones

Low temperature carburetors may differ in their respective ones

Be prepared optimized feeds, for example, with respect to the prevailing temperature and / or pressure conditions. Thus, it can be ensured that, for example, different forms of biomass, for example wood chips with different properties, can be optimally gasified in a plant. It proves to be advantageous for each low-temperature gasifier to be connected to each of the high-temperature gasifiers via at least two independent connection paths or conduits (pipelines). As a result, a substantial redundancy of a carburetor system is provided so that, for example, individual lines cleaned without switching off low or high temperature carburetors, or even single low-temperature carburetor and / or high temperature carburetor

Maintenance can be switched off without affecting the operation of the plant as a whole.

According to the invention thus an optimal capacity adjustment and the

Possibility of continuous operation of low temperature carburetors and

High temperature carburettors provided.

The invention will be further explained with reference to the enclosed figures, which represent preferred embodiments of a system according to the invention. Brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention

Annex in schematic representation,

FIG. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic representation,

3 shows a third preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic representation,

Figure 4 shows a fourth preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic representation, Figure 5 shows a fifth preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic representation, and

FIG. 6 shows a sixth preferred embodiment of a

inventive system in a schematic representation.

In FIG. 1, a first preferred embodiment of a gasification plant according to the invention is designated by 100 as a whole. The system has a

Low temperature carburetor system with multiple low temperature carburetors 101 and a high temperature carburetor 102 on. By way of example, here are three

However, the provision of two low-temperature gasifier 101, or a larger number of

Low temperature carburetors to be considered as covered by this embodiment.

In the low-temperature gasifier 101 may be the same or for each

Low temperature carburetor different feedstocks, for example

Biomass such as wood or corresponding waste, fed. The

Low temperature carburetors 101 serve to fumigate this solid organic feedstock. For this purpose, the low-temperature carburetor, for example, with waste heat of Hochtemperaturvergasers 102 can be heated to a suitable temperature, for example 300 ° C-600 ° C. Via respective lines 105, carbonization gas is discharged from the low-temperature gasifiers 101. All lines 105 open into a common line 1 10, via which carbonization gas is transferred from all low-temperature gasifiers 101 in operation in the Hochtemperaturvergaser 102. Each line 105 may be formed with a shut-off device (not shown) (eg shut-off valve). As a result, individual low-temperature carburetors can be decoupled and maintained, for example, without interrupting the operation of the plant as a whole. Also, by switching off each low-temperature carburetor, the capacity of

Low temperature carburetor system can be adapted to the capacity of the high-temperature gasifier.

The high-temperature gasifier 102 may be formed in two parts. In this case, it comprises an oxidation unit and a quench unit (not shown). In the

Oxidation unit, the carbonization gas obtained via the line 110 is partially oxidized with a supplied oxygen-containing gas, resulting in temperatures of, for example, 1400 ° C-2000 ° C. As a result, a synthesis gas is obtained, which can then be further treated in a conventional manner, e.g. for the production of biofuel.

A second preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2 and designated overall by 200. The plant 200 in turn has several low-temperature gasifier 201 as part of a

Low temperature carburetor system and several high temperature carburetor 202 as part of a high temperature carburetor system.

Each Niedertemperaturvergaser 201 is formed with a line 205 for discharging carbonization. These lines open in each case directly or indirectly via intermediate lines 210 and 212 in input lines 206 of

Hochtemperaturvergaser 202. By providing suitable locking means, the various lines 205, 206, 210, 212 connected to each other and / or separable from each other. Overall, this is a pool of

Low temperature carburetors 201 provided with a pool of

High temperature carburetors 202 can interact, each one

Low temperature carburetor 201 each Hochtemperaturvergaser 202 with carbonization can dine. As a result, a wide variety of load distribution and redundancy concepts can be realized.

A third preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3 and designated as a whole by 300, the respective low-temperature carburetor 301 and the respective high-temperature carburetor 302. This embodiment differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in that the line system interconnecting the individual carburetors (Piping) is designed redundant.

Each low-temperature gasifier has two output lines 305a, 305b which, directly or indirectly via lines 310a, 310b, 312a, 312b in

Input lines 306a, 306b of the respective high temperature carburetor 302 open. Such a configuration of the lines allows, for example, a cleaning of the line system while maintaining the operation of the system.

Merely by way of example, it should be mentioned that, for example, the lines 310a, 310b can be shut off and cleaned (by using corresponding blocking valves), while the transport of carbonization gas from the low-temperature carburetors 301 can take place via the lines 305a, 306a or the lines 310a, 310b.

Another preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention is designated in FIG. 4 with a total of 400. This plant has a number of

Low temperature carburetors 401 and a high temperature carburetor 402 on. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that instead of a common line 110, in which the output lines 105 of the low-temperature carburetor open, two such lines 410, 412 are provided, in each of which an output line 405a and 405b of

Low-temperature carburetor opens. The lines 410, 412 in turn represent the input lines for the high temperature carburetor 402. With this embodiment, in turn, a redundant line system is provided. The system can be operated, for example, in a cleaning-related blocking of the lines 410 via the lines 412 on. Another preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is designated 500 in FIG. According to this embodiment, a number of

Low temperature carburetors 501 and high temperature carburetors 502 connected via an annular conduit structure. The respective output lines 505 of the low-temperature carburetor 501 and the access lines 506 of the

High-temperature carburetor 502 communicate here with a ring line 510, which, as shown, may be formed as a single ring, or as a redundant double or multiple ring. By targeted operation not shown

Shut-off devices or valves are here effectively individual

Low-temperature carburetor 501 with each desired high-temperature carburetors 502 connected to each other.

Another embodiment of the system according to the invention is designated 600 in FIG. According to this embodiment, a plurality of low-temperature carburetors 601 are directly connected to a high-temperature gasifier 602 via respective lines 605. In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 1 thus eliminates a common line, in which all output lines of

Low-temperature gasifier open.

With all embodiments of the system according to the invention, in particular the interconnections of several low-temperature carburetors with a

High temperature carburetor, the equipment can reach the maximum capacity of the

High-temperature carburetor or the high-temperature carburetor system are designed, which investment costs can be saved. The interconnection of several low-temperature carburetors with one or more

High temperature carburettors allow a redundant connection of

Low temperature carburetors and high temperature carburetors. In particular, thereby a load distribution between individual carburetors can be realized, whereby the

Maintenance susceptibility of individual carburetor can be reduced. At the same time their life is increased. The redundant embodiment of the individual carburetor interconnecting piping system allows, for example, the cleaning of piping even during ongoing operation of the system.

Claims

claims

Plant for the at least partial gasification of solid organic

Feedstock, comprising a low temperature gasifier system for recovering tarry carbonization by smoldering the feedstock, and a

Hochtemperaturvergasersystem for the implementation of carbonization by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction to a synthesis gas, characterized in that the Niedertemperaturvergasersystem at least two independently operable Niedertemperaturvergaser (101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601), and / or the Hochtemperaturvergasersystem one or at least having two independently operable high temperature carburetor (101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601).

Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that individual

Low temperature carburettor (101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601) of the

Niedertemperaturvergasersystems are designed such that they can be equipped with different feedstock.

Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each low-temperature gasifier via at least two independent connection paths or lines to each of the high-temperature gasifier (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602) is connected.

Process for the at least partial gasification of solid organic

Feedstock in which the feedstock in one

Low-temperature gasification system by smoldering a tar-containing carbonization gas is obtained, and then the carbonization in a

High-temperature gasification system is converted by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction to a synthesis gas, characterized

characterized in that the low-temperature carburetor system comprises at least two low-temperature carburetors (101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601), and the

High temperature carburettor system one or at least two

High temperature carburetor (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602), wherein the at least two low-temperature carburetor and / or the at least two high-temperature carburetor are operated separately if necessary.