WO2015036774A1 - Moniteur de niveau de panne - Google Patents

Moniteur de niveau de panne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015036774A1
WO2015036774A1 PCT/GB2014/052769 GB2014052769W WO2015036774A1 WO 2015036774 A1 WO2015036774 A1 WO 2015036774A1 GB 2014052769 W GB2014052769 W GB 2014052769W WO 2015036774 A1 WO2015036774 A1 WO 2015036774A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeder
outgoing
monitoring
fault
infeed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2014/052769
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael LEES
Andrew Bower
Paul PSCHIERER-BARNFATHER
Original Assignee
Ea Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ea Technology Limited filed Critical Ea Technology Limited
Publication of WO2015036774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015036774A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Fault Level monitoring and in particular to a method and apparatus for Fault Level monitoring for electricity network infrastructure components, such as substations.
  • Fault Level In any electricity distribution network the term Fault Level is used to describe the potential energy which would be released in the event of a short circuit fault.
  • the Fault Level can be expressed as an MVA (Megavolt-ampere) equivalent at the network voltage under consideration or in terms of the current which will flow into the short circuit.
  • MVA Megavolt-ampere
  • the total prospective fault current at a particular location is made up of the contributions from the network source infeed and from energy sources embedded within the network downstream.
  • Detecting network disturbances, either naturally occurring or deliberately created, and recording the change in voltage and current conditions as result of the disturbance is a longstanding technique to determine the network Fault Level.
  • a monitoring apparatus is provided operable to monitor the incoming feed to the substation. Disturbances in voltage and/or current are identified and categorised. Subsequently, the magnitude of the disturbances can be utilised to calculate a quantity indicative of the prospective fault level. Since calculation of the prospective fault level requires calculation of the source impedance at the fundamental line frequency, disturbances in harmonics of the line frequency are usually filtered out. Over time, information from multiple disturbances analysed using regression techniques can provide an improved assessment of the source impedance and hence the prospective fault current.
  • a method of Fault Level monitoring for use on electricity network infrastructure components comprising the steps of: identifying disturbances in voltage and/or current on each outgoing feed from said infrastructure component; calculating a value indicative of a potential fault infeed from each feeder based on the magnitude of each identified disturbance; and thereby determining the prospective fault infeed contribution of each outgoing feeder of the infrastructure component.
  • each outgoing feeder allows the individual prospective fault current duties for each circuit breaker to be determined. Previous methods have tended to provide the total fault level which would apply to the next circuit breaker to be connected by aggregating the entire downstream contribution from all of the network embedded energy sources which overstates the actual duty presently experienced by circuit breakers already. By providing the individual duties for each circuit breaker it will be possible to identify particular sources of potential problems and carry out targeted remediation.
  • the invention may be applied to any suitable network infrastructure components including but not limited to substations.
  • the term substation is used to encompass all electricity network infrastructure elements having one or more incoming feeders and a plurality of outgoing feeders.
  • the method may involve categorising each disturbance before calculating a value indicative of a prospective fault infeed contribution from each feeder based on the magnitude of each identified disturbance.
  • the method may include collating information on the individual contributions of each outgoing feeder to provide an overall network infrastructure component prospective fault level.
  • the method may involve the further step of monitoring disturbances on the incoming feeder so as to calculate a network infrastructure component's incoming source impedance and/or prospective fault infeed. Calculations of the incoming source impedance may be made according to any suitable known technique.
  • the method may include the further step of comparing the calculated incoming and outgoing fault level contributions or collating the calculated incoming and outgoing prospective fault infeed contributions.
  • the method may include calculating the source impedance from; outgoing feeder monitoring; incoming feeder monitoring; or a combination of the two.
  • the method may include monitoring each of the outgoing feeders to determine a profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed.
  • the determined profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed may be cyclically variable. In the event that the level of time variation is minimal, the profile may be treated as substantially time invariant.
  • the determined profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed for each feeder may then be used in calculating the overall profile of time variation in prospective fault level for the network infrastructure component. Use of a measured profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed rather than a model of a profile based on a value linked to the load can enable greater accuracy.
  • the profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed may be determined against a daily, weekly or other episodic cycle. In this manner, variations in the profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed due to expected daily or weekly changes in the embedded energy sources can be demonstrated.
  • the monitoring of outgoing feeders may be achieved by an averaging methodology.
  • this averaging methodology will draw out trends in variation in prospective fault infeeds, against a daily, weekly or other episodic cycle. These trends may be due to circumstances that vary by time of day or day of the week.
  • An advantage of knowing the profile of variation of prospective fault infeeds is the ability to assess the effect on Fault Level, at different times going forward, which would result from the connection of equipment which can increase the prospective fault infeed of the feeder it is connected to.
  • the monitoring may include box car averaging of the measured profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed.
  • voltage and current measurements may be averaged over an averaging period, the values averaged over the averaging period being aggregated from values averaged over successive sub- periods within the period.
  • the sub-period averages may be aggregated from values averaged over successive sub-sub-periods say within the sub-period.
  • the periods may be of the order of 10 minutes, the sub-periods of the order of 3 seconds and the sub- sub-periods of the order of 10 cycles.
  • the method may include the step of monitoring voltage and/or current disturbances at the fundamental line frequency of the network and monitoring voltage and/or current disturbances at one or more harmonics of the fundamental frequency. By monitoring harmonics of the fundamental line frequency, additional information on the harmonic impedance of the network can be obtained.
  • a fault level monitoring apparatus for use with electricity network infrastructure components, the apparatus comprising: monitoring means operable to detect disturbances in voltage and/or current on each outgoing feeder from said infrastructure component; processing means operable to identify disturbances in voltage and/or current on each outgoing feeder from said infrastructure component; calculating a quantity indicative of a prospective fault level based on the magnitude of each identified disturbance for each outgoing feeder; and thereby determining the fault infeed contribution from each outgoing feeder of the infrastructure component; and an output interface operable to output information on the fault infeed contribution of each outgoing feeder.
  • the apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention may operate according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention and incorporate any features of the first aspect of the invention as are required or desired.
  • the monitoring means is preferably attached to the each outgoing feeder adjacent to the associated busbar. In cases where the incoming feeder is also monitored, further monitoring means is provided adjacent to the incoming feeder to the busbar.
  • the monitoring means may comprise a single unit connected to and operable to monitor each feeder. Alternatively, the monitoring means may comprise a network of separate devices each dedicated to monitoring a single feeder.
  • the processing means may be provided at the network infrastructure component. Alternatively, the processing means may be provided remotely and a suitable wired or wireless communications link may be provided between the monitoring means and the processing means.
  • the processing means may further be provided with or connected to a data storage means operable to store historical data on performance. The storage means may further be operable to store the measured profiles of time variation in prospective fault infeeds.
  • the output interface may be provided locally to the processing means. Alternatively, the output interface may be provided remotely and a suitable wired or wireless communications link may be provided between the output interface and the processing means.
  • the output interface may comprise a display means operable to display data related to past or present disturbances and/or to display data relating to prospective fault levels.
  • the output interface may be provided with one or more user actuable controls.
  • the user actuable controls may be operable to vary the display output or may be operable to vary settings or operational modes for the monitoring means or the processing means.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the prior art method of fault level monitoring for electricity network infrastructure components
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first implementation of fault level monitoring for electricity network infrastructure components according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second implementation of fault level monitoring for electricity network infrastructure components according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a fault level monitoring apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a monitoring device 1 is provided for the incoming feeder 11. Power from the incoming feeder 11 is distributed via a busbar 12 to multiple outgoing feeders 13. Each outgoing feeder is attached to a load 14.
  • Disturbances in voltage and/or current are identified by monitoring means 21 are categorised and subsequently, the magnitude of the disturbances can be utilised to calculate a quantity indicative of the prospective fault level.
  • the algorithms used for calculation of this quantity were originally developed by Shackshaft et al in the 1970s and have been refined since this time. In order to calculate the prospective fault level, these algorithms assume that outgoing feeder behaves according to a general load model. The above method can run into difficulties where loads on outgoing feeds do not comply to standard models. Additionally, since upstream disturbances are typically less frequent than downstream disturbances and a significant number of disturbances (-100) is typically required to allow regression analysis of the results to provide a meaningful and reliable indication of the potential downstream infeed this method can take some time to determine measurements to an acceptable confidence level.
  • an incoming feeder 11 provides power which is distributed via busbar 12 to multiple outgoing feeders 13. Each outgoing feeder is attached to a load 14.
  • a monitoring device 21 is provided on each outgoing feeder.
  • each disturbance can be used to calculate an individual quantity indicative of the prospective fault level for that feeder based on the magnitude of each identified disturbance for each outgoing feeder 13. Accordingly, the prospective fault level can be separately assessed for each individual feeder. Additionally, by collating information on the individual outgoing feeders, an overall substation prospective fault level can be determined and used to assess the potential effects of an additional outgoing feeder being added to the substation.
  • a monitoring means 21 can also be provided on the incoming feeder 11.
  • disturbances on the incoming feeder 11 can be used to calculate a substation incoming fault infeed as in the prior art. Subsequently, the calculated incoming and outgoing prospective fault levels may be compared or collated to provide overall prospective fault level information.
  • the present invention provides for monitoring individual outgoing feeders 13, it is possible to use these measured disturbances to develop a profile of time variation in prospective fault infeeds rather than a theoretical profile of time variation in prospective fault infeeds based on expected or measured load profiles. This enables disturbances to be measured more accurately from measured performance rather than worst case scenarios based on theoretical profiles. It is also possible in the present invention to build up time variant or cyclically variable profiles for individual loads. This can allow for regular daily or weekly variations in a particular profile of time variation in prospective fault infeed to be taken into account when measuring disturbances.
  • FIG 4 a schematic block diagram of a monitoring apparatus 20 for implementing the method of the present invention is shown.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a plurality of monitoring means 21, each connected to a processing means 22.
  • the processing means 22 is operable to receive signals indicative of identified disturbances from the monitoring means 21 and thereby calculate prospective fault infeeds for the relevant feeds 13, 11.
  • the processing means may be operable to retrieve load profiles and profiles of time variation in prospective fault infeeds from a data storage means 23.
  • the processing means may be operable to store averaged voltage and/or current data produced by the monitoring means 21 in the data store. The stored data can subsequently be retrieved by the processing means 21 and used to generate or update individual profiles of time variation in prospective fault infeeds.
  • the processing means is also connected to an output interface 24, which may have an associated display 25 and/or user input means 26.
  • the output interface 24 allows an operator to review the operation of the apparatus 20 and gain information as to potential faults. The operator may also be able to vary the mode of operation of the apparatus where appropriate.
  • the processing means 22 and the output interface may be provided locally to the substation 10. Alternatively, they can be provided at a remote location, such as a network control centre. In such cases a suitable wired or wireless communications link may be provided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un poste (10), une artère entrante (11) fournit de l'énergie électrique qui est distribuée par l'intermédiaire d'un jeu de barres omnibus (12) vers de multiples artères sortantes (13). Chaque artère sortante est reliée à une charge (14). Un dispositif de surveillance (21) est prévu sur chaque artère sortante. Des perturbations en tension et/ou en courant sur chaque artère sortante (13) provenant dudit poste sont identifiées par les moyens de surveillance (21) prévus sur chaque artère sortante (13). Ultérieurement, chaque perturbation peut être utilisée pour calculer une valeur individuelle indiquant le niveau de panne présumé pour cette artère, sur la base de l'amplitude de chaque perturbation identifiée pour chaque artère sortante (13). Le niveau de panne présumé peut ainsi être évalué séparément pour chaque artère individuelle. De plus, le recueil d'informations relatives aux artères sortantes individuelles permet de déterminer un niveau général de panne présumé du poste, et d'utiliser celui-ci pour évaluer les effets potentiels de l'ajout d'une artère sortante supplémentaire au poste. Outre les moyens de surveillance (21) spécifiques de chaque artère sortante (13), des moyens de surveillance (21) peuvent également être prévus sur l'artère entrante (11). Dans de tels cas, les perturbations affectant l'artère entrante (11) peuvent être utilisées pour calculer une alimentation défaillante d'entrée de poste, et les niveaux de panne présumés d'entrée et de sortie calculés peuvent être comparés ou combinés pour fournir des données de niveau général de panne présumé.
PCT/GB2014/052769 2013-09-12 2014-09-12 Moniteur de niveau de panne WO2015036774A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1316266.4 2013-09-12
GB1316266.4A GB2518188B (en) 2013-09-12 2013-09-12 Fault level monitor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015036774A1 true WO2015036774A1 (fr) 2015-03-19

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GB (1) GB2518188B (fr)
WO (1) WO2015036774A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3075969B1 (fr) * 2017-12-21 2020-09-18 Electricite De France Dispositif de detection de defaillance dans la surveillance d'un reseau electrique

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0604037A1 (fr) * 1992-12-04 1994-06-29 Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. Procédé de protection de barre collectrice
WO2004079378A1 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Jan Berggren Detection des mises a la terre dans les reseaux triphases
WO2009127706A2 (fr) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Fmc Tech Limited Système et procédé de localisation de défauts de ligne dans un réseau moyenne tension
WO2011156400A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-15 Abb Research Ltd. Systèmes et procédés de caractérisation de dispositifs d'élimination de défauts
WO2012025722A1 (fr) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 Outram Research Ltd Appareil utilisé pour évaluer un niveau de défaut dans un réseau distribuant de l'électricité à des consommateurs
WO2013106985A1 (fr) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-25 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé pour identifier la direction de défaut sans informations de mesure de tension et élément directionnel de celui-ci

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2682190B1 (fr) * 1991-10-07 1995-08-04 Electricite De France Procede de detection selective d'un defaut resistant dans un reseau de distribution d'energie electrique et dispositif pour sa mise en óoeuvre.
US7180300B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2007-02-20 General Electric Company System and method of locating ground fault in electrical power distribution system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0604037A1 (fr) * 1992-12-04 1994-06-29 Fuji Electric Co. Ltd. Procédé de protection de barre collectrice
WO2004079378A1 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Jan Berggren Detection des mises a la terre dans les reseaux triphases
WO2009127706A2 (fr) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Fmc Tech Limited Système et procédé de localisation de défauts de ligne dans un réseau moyenne tension
WO2011156400A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-15 Abb Research Ltd. Systèmes et procédés de caractérisation de dispositifs d'élimination de défauts
WO2012025722A1 (fr) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 Outram Research Ltd Appareil utilisé pour évaluer un niveau de défaut dans un réseau distribuant de l'électricité à des consommateurs
WO2013106985A1 (fr) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-25 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé pour identifier la direction de défaut sans informations de mesure de tension et élément directionnel de celui-ci

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Publication number Publication date
GB201316266D0 (en) 2013-10-30
GB2518188A (en) 2015-03-18
GB2518188B (en) 2020-11-18

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