WO2015035788A1 - Générateur triboélectrique à base de liquide, procédé de génération, capteur et procédé de détection - Google Patents

Générateur triboélectrique à base de liquide, procédé de génération, capteur et procédé de détection Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015035788A1
WO2015035788A1 PCT/CN2014/076458 CN2014076458W WO2015035788A1 WO 2015035788 A1 WO2015035788 A1 WO 2015035788A1 CN 2014076458 W CN2014076458 W CN 2014076458W WO 2015035788 A1 WO2015035788 A1 WO 2015035788A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
friction
friction layer
layer
conductive element
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PCT/CN2014/076458
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林宗宏
程纲
王中林
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北京纳米能源与系统研究所
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Publication of WO2015035788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015035788A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of friction power generation technology, and more particularly to a friction generator and a power generation method for converting mechanical energy of liquid fluctuation into electric energy, and a sensor and a sensing method using the same. Background technique
  • the whole friction electric generator relies on the charging pump effect of the frictional electric potential, and the two friction layers coated with the metal electrodes and the first friction layer are bonded together to form a device, and the device is mechanically deformed under the action of external force, resulting in two Mutual friction occurs between the layer polymer films, thereby generating charge separation and forming a potential difference.
  • the two metal plates act as the power output of the generator, and an induced charge can be generated on the surface by electrostatic induction. The induced charge flows through the external circuit driven by the frictional potential to form a current.
  • current friction generator designs are limited to solids and solids and cannot utilize the mechanical energy contained in liquid motion in the environment. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a liquid based contact friction generator capable of converting the energy of liquid fluctuations into electrical energy.
  • the improved liquid-based friction generator of the present invention comprises: a friction layer, wherein the upper surface of the friction layer is in contact with a first conductive element;
  • a lower surface of the friction layer is disposed to face the upper surface of the liquid, and a lower surface of the friction layer is at least partially separable from contact with an upper surface of the liquid; the first conductive element and the second conductive element The electrical signal is outputted outward.
  • the material of the friction layer is selected from an insulating material
  • the insulating material comprises: aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and Fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and fabric thereof , polyurethane elastomer, Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, poly Ethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-
  • the material of the friction layer is selected from the group consisting of: a silicon, a germanium, a compound of a group III and a group V, a compound of a group II and a group VI, and a compound of a group III-V and a group II-VI. a solid solution composed of a compound;
  • the material of the friction layer is selected from the group consisting of oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, or one of silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 and ⁇ 2 0 3 . Combination of species or multiples.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer comprises a micro/nano structure layer selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, Micron cones, nanospheres, and microspherical structures, as well as arrays formed from the foregoing structures.
  • a micro/nano structure layer selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, Micron cones, nanospheres, and microspherical structures, as well as arrays formed from the foregoing structures.
  • the micro/nano structure layer is directly formed when the friction layer is prepared;
  • the micro/nano structure layer is formed by embedding or coating a nano material layer on a lower surface of the friction layer; or the micro-nano structure layer is in a friction layer by photolithography, chemical etching or plasma etching. Preparation of the lower surface.
  • the friction layer or the micro-nano structure layer is a hydrophilic or hydrophobic structure.
  • the method further includes a space holding member that faces the surface of the upper surface of the friction layer and maintains a certain distance when the friction generator is in a static state or is not subjected to an external force, when the liquid
  • the surface fluctuation may cause some or all of the lower surface of the friction layer to be in contact with the liquid surface to be separated; or, the generator may be separated when the generator is subjected to an external force to bring some or all of the lower surface of the friction layer into contact with the liquid surface.
  • a part or all of the lower surface of the friction layer is separated from the liquid surface by a distance equal to or less than the certain distance.
  • the certain distance is greater than the thickness of the friction layer; or the certain distance is greater than the distance from the upper surface of the liquid to the second conductive element.
  • the certain distance is more than an order of magnitude greater than the thickness of the friction layer; or the certain distance is more than an order of magnitude greater than the distance from the upper surface of the liquid to the second conductive element.
  • the position of the space holder is between the whole of the friction layer and the first conductive element and the second conductive element;
  • the space holder is coupled to a side of the friction layer and the first conductive element that faces away from the liquid.
  • the space holder is positioned between the friction layer and the first conductive element and the liquid; the space holder has a density smaller than the density of the liquid.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is a hydrophobic material, and the liquid is a polar liquid; or the lower surface of the friction layer is a hydrophilic material, and the liquid is a non-polar liquid.
  • the polar liquid is water, formic acid, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile or acetone;
  • the non-polar liquid is hexane, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane.
  • the upper surface and/or liquid of the friction layer is chemically modified.
  • the chemical modification causes the friction layer and the liquid material to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material, or The surface of the material introduces a more readily available electron functional group (strong electron withdrawing group);
  • a more electron-releasing functional group ie, a strong electron donating group
  • the surface of the material introduces a more readily available electron functional group (strong electron withdrawing group);
  • the chemical modification causes a positive charge to be introduced on the surface of the positive polarity material in the friction layer and the liquid material; or a negative charge is introduced on the surface of the negative polarity material.
  • the strong electron donating group comprises: an amino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group
  • the strong electron withdrawing group comprises: an acyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group or a sulfonic acid group.
  • the liquid is water
  • the material of the friction layer and the micro-nano structure layer on the upper surface of the friction layer is polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly Methyl methacrylate or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the friction layer may be a hard material or a flexible material having a thickness ranging from 50 nm to 2 cm.
  • the micro-nano structure layer has a thickness of between 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ .
  • the distance from the upper surface of the liquid to the second conductive member is 0.1 cm to 5 cm.
  • the second conductive element is located directly below the friction layer, and the upper surface of the second conductive element is the same shape and size as the lower surface of the friction layer.
  • the method further includes:
  • a first substrate configured to fix the first conductive element
  • the space holder is made of an insulating material and is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the material of the first substrate and/or the second substrate is a plexiglass sheet, a polyethylene sheet or a polyvinyl chloride sheet.
  • the space holder is formed by an integral support body or a plurality of separate support units.
  • the material of the first conductive element or the second conductive element is selected from the group consisting of: a metal, a conductive oxide or a conductive polymer.
  • the first conductive element is a film formed by depositing on an upper surface of the friction layer.
  • the first conductive element and the second conductive element are hard materials or flexible materials, and the thickness thereof is between 10 nm and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention also provides a sensor, comprising the friction generator according to any one of the above, wherein the liquid is a liquid to be tested, and the electrical signal is related to a polarity or a dielectric coefficient of the liquid to be tested, Or related to metal ions and biomolecules in liquids.
  • the liquid to be tested is water, and the water comprises ethanol, oil stain, metal ion or surfactant; or the temperature of the liquid to be tested may be changed.
  • the micro/nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer is a metal oxide
  • the liquid to be tested contains an ortho-dihydroxy group, such as catechol, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, alizarin, ascorbic acid or dopamine.
  • the present invention further provides a liquid-based friction power generation method, comprising the steps of: providing a friction layer, wherein an upper surface of the friction layer is in contact with a first conductive element;
  • the liquid is immersed without a second conductive element; and the friction layer is disposed above the liquid body such that a lower surface of the friction layer is disposed to face the upper surface of the liquid;
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is brought into contact with and separated from the upper surface of the liquid, and an electrical signal is outputted to the external circuit between the first conductive element and the second conductive element; when the liquid is a conductor, the first The conductive element is not in contact with the liquid.
  • a lower surface of the friction layer is periodically in contact with and separated from an upper surface of the liquid, and an alternating pulse electrical signal is outputted to the external circuit between the first conductive element and the second conductive element.
  • the frequency of the period ranges from 0.5 ⁇ to 2 ⁇ .
  • the present invention further provides a sensing method using the liquid-based friction generator according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
  • the parameter of the liquid includes a polarity or a dielectric coefficient of the liquid, or includes the liquid
  • the liquid-based friction generator and the power generation method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) A friction generator using liquid and solid friction is proposed for the first time, and the liquid is used as a friction material of the friction generator, and the friction power generation is utilized.
  • the micro-nano structure layer is directly formed on the lower surface of the friction layer, which can significantly improve the output performance of the electrical signal of the generator, breaking the previous need to prepare the friction layer and then form the nanostructure on the surface of the friction layer.
  • the limitation greatly simplifies the preparation method and reduces the cost, and also provides a new way for the optimized output of the electrical signal;
  • micro-nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer.
  • One is to increase the contact area between the friction layer and the liquid surface in combination with the fluctuation of the liquid, and the other is to collect a liquid with a relatively large polarity.
  • Mechanical energy such as water
  • this structure can increase the hydrophobicity of the friction layer, so that the water can be completely separated after contact with the friction layer to generate transfer charge, and the charge reaches the maximum density at the contact surface, providing a large electrical output;
  • the hydrophobic micro-nanostructure layer will help detect substances that can cause a change in the dielectric constant or polarity of water, such as ethanol, temperature, oil, surfactants, metal ions or biomolecules. This effect is more pronounced especially with superhydrophobic nanostructures.
  • the micro-nano structure layer By regulating the composition of the micro-nanostructure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer, the micro-nano structure layer can be used for qualitative and quantitative work on the analyte in the liquid by the selective calibration effect of the specific analyte. Regulatory.
  • the liquid-based friction generator of the present invention has a size of a main component which can be adjusted in accordance with the area and volume of the liquid in the environment, and can be widely used in various fields. Moreover, the structure of the friction generator is simple, and all the materials are inexpensive and easy to obtain. Therefore, the friction generator of the invention is convenient to manufacture, low in cost, and easy to be industrialized and applied.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a liquid-based friction generator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a friction generator including a micro-nano structure layer on a lower surface of the friction layer of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the lower surface of the friction layer in contact with a liquid upper surface when the friction generator of the present invention is in operation;
  • Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 (b) is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the space holder of the friction generator of the present invention
  • Figure 6 and Figure 7 are schematic views showing the embodiment of the space holder of the friction generator of the present invention
  • Figure 8 (a) And Figure 8 (b) shows the operating state of a particular friction generator of the present invention, and its output voltage and current density test results;
  • Figure 9 shows a voltage diagram for charging the capacitor of 33 with the electrical outputs provided in Figures 8(a) and 8(b);
  • Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b) are the linear electric motor operating frequency and friction generator output of the present invention a graph of changes in voltage and current density;
  • Figure 11 (a) and Figure 11 (b) are diagrams showing changes in current density of the friction generator in the up and down rocking motion as a function of the tilt angle;
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing changes in current density of a friction generator of the present invention as a sensor for detecting the concentration of ethanol in an aqueous solution;
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing current density variations of a friction generator of the present invention as a sensor for detecting the temperature of an aqueous solution.
  • the liquid-based friction generator of the present invention generates electricity by contacting the friction layer material with the liquid in contact with the liquid, and collects the mechanical energy of the liquid fluctuations in the environment and converts it into electrical energy for use or storage.
  • the friction generator can generate different electrical signals with different temperatures, dielectric constants or polar liquids. Therefore, the liquid-based friction generator of the present invention can also be used as a sensor for detecting liquids. Temperature, substances that can cause a change in the dielectric constant or polarity of water, such as oil stains, surfactants, etc.
  • the friction generator includes: a friction layer 10, the upper surface of the friction layer 10 is in contact with the first conductive element 11; the liquid 20 is immersed in the liquid 20 without the second conductive element 21
  • the lower surface of the friction layer 10 is disposed to face the upper surface of the liquid 20, and the lower surface of the friction layer 10 can be separated after being at least partially in contact with the upper surface of the liquid 20; the outer surface is outputted through the first conductive member 11 and the second conductive member 21 electric signal.
  • the first conductive element and the second conductive element are electrical signal output ends of the generator, and therefore, a wire for connecting the first conductive element and the second conductive element to the generator, respectively, is also included. For outputting electrical signals.
  • the friction generator of the present invention can have two modes of operation, one is that when the liquid 20 fluctuates, the upper surface of the liquid 20 can be separated from the lower surface of the friction layer 10 at least partially after separation, in the first conductive element 11 and the second An electrical signal output is generated between the conductive elements 21; another mode is that under the action of an external force, the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the upper surface of the liquid 20 are close to each other until contact and then separated, at the first conductive element 11 and the second An electrical signal output is produced between the conductive elements 21.
  • these two modes may also exist at the same time.
  • the surface of the liquid surface and the surface of the friction layer are The reciprocal switching between the separated state and the contact state forms an AC pulse electrical signal output between the first conductive element and the second conductive element.
  • the function of the space holder 30 is such that when the friction generator is in a stationary state or is not subjected to an external force, the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the upper surface of the liquid 20 face each other and maintain a certain distance.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer 10 The two may be separated after being partially or completely in contact with the surface of the liquid 20; or, the two may be separated when the generator is subjected to an external force to bring some or all of the lower surface of the friction layer 10 into contact with the surface of the liquid 20.
  • a part or all of the lower surface of the friction layer is separated from the liquid surface by a distance equal to or less than the certain distance.
  • the position of the space holder 30 on the friction generator may be between the friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 20 and the second conductive element 21, and the space holder 30 is disposed on the friction layer 10 and the first embodiment in FIG.
  • the space holder 30 can also be disposed between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21, of course, in order to ensure the normal operation of the generator, the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive
  • the space holder 30 between the elements 21 should be an insulator, which can be achieved by material selection of the space holder 30.
  • the space holder 30 may be an elastic member or a non-elastic member.
  • the space holder is preferably an elastic member such as a spring or an elastic organic substance.
  • an elastic member such as a spring or an elastic organic substance.
  • the first conductive member 11 is covered by the friction layer 10, and the first conductive member 11 is also prevented from contacting the liquid 20 when the friction layer 10 is in contact with the liquid 20, so that the friction generator is not normal. jobs.
  • a first substrate may be further included for fixing the first conductive element, and the friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 11 are integrally disposed on the first substrate 12 to accommodate the friction layer 10 and the first
  • the thinner overall composition of a conductive element 11 ensures that the friction layer 10 can still maintain a certain strength or shape when the friction generator operates; for the case where the friction layer and the first conductive element are relatively small in size, the first substrate 12 is There is more choice for introducing a connection position for the space holder 11.
  • the upper surface of the first conductive member 11 is disposed on the lower surface of the first substrate 12, and the lower surface and the side surface of the first conductive member 11 are covered by the friction layer 10, so that the first conductive member 11 is coated by the first substrate 12.
  • a second substrate may be further included for fixing the second conductive element 21 such that the second conductive element 21 is disposed on the second substrate 22, and the introduction of the second substrate 22 is particularly suitable for the second conductive element size.
  • the lower surface of the second conductive member 21 is disposed on the upper surface of the second substrate 22.
  • the space holder 30 may be disposed between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 22.
  • one end of the space holder 30 is connected to the first The substrate 12 has the other end attached to the second substrate 22 such that the lower surface of the friction layer 10 is opposed to the upper surface of the liquid 20 and maintained at a certain distance.
  • the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 22 may be a hard material or a flexible material.
  • Optimal mining Use non-deformable insulating hard materials, such as plexiglass sheet, polyethylene sheet, polyvinyl chloride sheet, etc.
  • the thickness thereof is not particularly limited and can be freely selected depending on the strength. Also, providing the first substrate and the second substrate can enhance the overall mechanical strength of the friction generator.
  • the micro/nano structure layer 13 of the order of nanometer, micrometer or submicron on the lower surface of all or part of the friction layer 10, when the liquid 20 fluctuates or the friction layer 10 approaches
  • the arrangement of the micro-nanostructure layer 13 can increase the effective contact area of the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the upper surface of the liquid 20, and increase the surface charge density of both.
  • the function of the micro/nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer can further control the affinity and hydrophobicity of the friction layer 10, in addition to further increasing the contact area between the lower surface of the friction layer and the upper surface of the liquid layer.
  • a micro-nanostructure layer of a hydrophilic material to adjust the degree of separation of the friction layer from the liquid after each contact.
  • the liquid is water or an aqueous solution
  • the micro-nanostructure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer is a superhydrophobic nano material, such as a nanowire array structure such as zinc oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polydimethylsiloxane.
  • a superhydrophobic nano material such as a nanowire array structure such as zinc oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the surface of the lotus leaf or superhydrophobic nanostructures such as insect feet.
  • the micro-nanostructure layer 13 is preferably a nanowire, a nanotube, a nanoparticle, a nanorod, a nanoflower, a nanogroove, a microgroove, a nanocone, a micron cone, a nanosphere, and a microspherical structure, and an array formed by the foregoing structure
  • nanoarrays composed of nanowires, nanotubes or nanorods.
  • the size of each such unit in the array is on the order of nanometers to micrometers, and the unit size and shape of the particular micro-nanostructure should not limit the scope of the invention.
  • the micro/nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer 10 may be prepared on the lower surface of the friction layer by photolithography, chemical etching, plasma etching, or the like, or may be formed directly in the preparation of the friction layer material.
  • the nano-material may be formed or coated on the lower surface of the friction layer to form the micro-nano structure layer 13.
  • the nanomaterial may be selected from the group consisting of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods. According to actual needs, it may be specifically selected from the group consisting of silica nanoparticles, silica nanowires, silica nanorods, silica nanotubes, polydimethylsiloxane nanoparticles, and polydimethylsiloxane nanowires.
  • polydimethylsiloxane nanorods polydimethylsiloxane nanotubes, polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles, polytetrafluoroethylene nanowires, polytetrafluoroethylene nanorods, and polytetrafluoroethylene nanotubes.
  • the friction generator of the present invention whether the liquid fluctuation causes the lower surface of the friction layer to reciprocally switch between the separated state and the contact state, or whether the friction layer and the liquid surface are separated by controlling the movement of the friction layer Switching back and forth between the contact state, the process of forming an alternating current pulse output between the first conductive element and the second conductive element is similar, with the liquid fluctuation causing the lower surface of the friction layer to be in a separated state and a contact state with the upper surface of the liquid.
  • the working process of the pulse generator is specifically described in conjunction with the friction generator structure of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, see FIG. 4:
  • the principle of generating charge separation and forming a potential difference lies in the frictional electrification caused by the difference in the friction electrode sequence between the friction layer (or the micro/nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer) and the liquid material.
  • the “friction electrode sequence” refers to the order in which the material is attracted to the charge according to the degree of attraction of the material.
  • the positive charge on the contact surface is from the surface of the material having a relatively negative polarity in the friction electrode sequence. Transfer to the surface of the material with a positive polarity in the friction electrode sequence.
  • this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by electron or ion transfer on the contact surface. It should be further explained that the transfer of charge does not require relative friction between the two materials as long as they are in contact with each other.
  • the charge on the surface of two materials with different friction electrode polarity differences is called "contact charge” after contact friction and separation. It is generally believed that the charge is only distributed on the surface of the material, and the maximum depth of distribution is only about 10 Nano.
  • the sign of the contact charge is a sign of the net charge, that is, a concentrated region where a negative charge may exist in a local region of the surface of the material having a positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge of the entire surface is positive.
  • the friction layer 10 starts to separate from the liquid 20, creating a gap.
  • the most desirable condition is that the lower surface of the friction layer 10 is completely free of liquid residue, i.e., the friction layer 10 is completely separated from the liquid. Due to the presence of the gap, the negative charge on the lower surface of the friction layer 10 has a greater repulsion force on the first conductive element 11 than the positive charge on the upper surface of the liquid 20, and the upper surface of the liquid 20 The attraction of the positive charge to the electrons on the second conductive element 21 is greater than the repulsion of the negative charge on the lower surface of the friction layer 10.
  • the requirements for the hardness, thickness, shape, material, and the distance between the friction layer and the liquid of the friction layer 10 are as follows:
  • the present invention does not limit the friction layer 10 or the micro-nano structure layer 13 included in the lower surface of the friction layer must be a hard material, and a flexible material may also be selected because the hardness of the material does not affect the friction layer 10 and the liquid 20 The friction effect between them can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
  • the thickness of the friction layer 10 does not significantly affect the performance of the friction generator of the present invention, but factors such as the strength of the friction layer and the power generation efficiency need to be comprehensively considered in the preparation process.
  • the friction layer of the present invention is a thin layer having a thickness of 50 nm to 2 cm, preferably 100 nm to 1 cm, more preferably 500 nm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 2 mm, and these thicknesses are all for the technical solutions in the present invention. Be applicable.
  • the shape of the friction layer 10 and the micro-nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer is not particularly limited as long as it is ensured that the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the upper surface of the liquid 20 are under the action of an external force (or when the liquid fluctuates). At least part of the contact can be.
  • the performance of the lower surface of the friction layer is preferably matched with the properties of the liquid 20, such as the liquid 20 being a highly polar liquid water, and the composition and structure of the lower surface of the friction layer.
  • a hydrophobic structure is preferred to ensure that the friction layer 10 and the liquid 20 are separated as much as possible to produce maximum contact charge density.
  • the liquid 20 is a liquid having a small polarity
  • the composition and structure of the lower surface of the friction layer 10 are preferably a hydrophilic structure, ensuring that the friction layer 10 and the liquid body 20 are separated as much as possible to produce the maximum contact charge density.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the liquid 20 are respectively composed of materials which are at different positions in the friction electrode sequence, so that the two can generate contact charges on the surface during the occurrence of friction.
  • the greater the difference in electron abilities between the lower surface of the friction layer and the liquid 20 material i.e., the farther apart the position in the friction electrode sequence), the stronger the AC pulse signal output by the generator. Therefore, the suitable material can be selected according to actual needs to prepare the micro-nano structure layer 13 and the liquid 20 of the friction layer 10 or the lower surface of the friction layer to obtain a better output effect.
  • the material of the friction layer 10 (or the micro/nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer) is an insulating material.
  • Conventional insulating materials have triboelectric properties, which can be used as materials for the preparation of the friction layer 10.
  • aniline formaldehyde resin polyoxymethylene, ethyl Cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and its woven fabric, silk and fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipic acid Ester, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate , rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (polyester), polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-propylene Nitrile copolymer, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile,
  • semiconductors also have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, often at the end of the list of friction electrode orders. Therefore, the semiconductor can also be used as a raw material for preparing the friction layer 10 instead of the insulator.
  • Commonly used semiconductors include: silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds And ⁇ - a solid solution composed of a VI compound, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, and the like.
  • Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides, and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as the friction layer of the present invention, such as oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper. Also included are silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Bi0 2 and Y 2 0 3 .
  • the material of the micro-nanostructure layer is the same as the material of the friction layer.
  • the liquid 20 is made of water
  • the friction layer 10 and the micro-nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer are made of a hydrophobic composition of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, or polyethylene. , polypropylene ( ⁇ ), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the existing template preparation method can be used to prepare the friction layer material and directly form the micro-nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer material, and prepare the friction layer material first, and then prepare the Wiener structure layer on the surface of the friction layer.
  • the method used in the invention simplifies the preparation method, reduces the cost, and provides a new way for the electric signal to optimize the output of the generator.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and/or the liquid 20 may be chemically modified to further increase the amount of charge transfer at the moment of contact, thereby increasing the contact charge density and the output of the generator.
  • Chemical modification is divided into the following two types:
  • One method is to compare the polarity of the friction layer with the liquid material, and introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the material with a positive polarity; or, on the surface of the material with a negative polarity Introducing a more readily available electron functional group (strong electron withdrawing group).
  • This method can further increase the amount of transfer of charge when the friction layer and the liquid slide each other, thereby increasing the frictional charge density and the output power of the generator.
  • Strong electron donating groups include: amino groups, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, etc.; strong electron withdrawing groups include: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like.
  • the introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be generated at a certain power to generate a plasma on the surface of the friction layer material. Into the amino group.
  • the polarity of the friction layer and the liquid material can be compared, and a positive charge can be introduced on the surface of the material having a positive polarity; or a negative charge can be introduced on the surface of the material having a negative polarity.
  • the step of introducing a charge can be carried out by chemical bonding.
  • the ethyl orthosilicate may be modified by a sol-gel method on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane friction layer to be negatively charged.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material and bond according to the electron-loss property and the type of surface chemical bond of the friction layer material and the liquid material to achieve the object of the present invention, and thus the chemically modified material capable of achieving the above object. Both methods and methods are within the scope of the invention.
  • the present invention has no special requirement for the distance between the lower surface of the friction layer 10 and the upper surface of the liquid 20, but in order to transfer the contact charge generated during the rubbing to the conductive member as much as possible, the pitch is preferably smaller than that of the friction layer 10.
  • the thickness is large, preferably greater than one order of magnitude; preferably also greater than the distance from the upper surface of the liquid to the second conductive element 21, and can be greater than an order of magnitude greater.
  • the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 serve as two electrodes of the friction generator, and need to have the characteristics of being electrically conductive, and a commonly used conductive material can be selected, and the selection of the specific electrode layer material is not a factor limiting the scope of the present invention.
  • Materials commonly used in the art are: metals selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and selenium, and An alloy formed by the above metal; a conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide ITO; the organic conductor is generally a conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
  • the materials of the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 are copper, gold, silver or platinum.
  • the friction motor including the first substrate or the second substrate may also directly bond the thicker conductive material to the substrate material to fix the first conductive member or the second conductive member.
  • the first conductive member 11 should be in close contact with the upper surface of the friction layer 10, and the second conductive member 21 should be completely covered by the liquid, that is, the second conductive member 21 is immersed in the liquid 20 to ensure the charge.
  • Transmission efficiency; the first conductive member 11 may be prepared on the upper surface of the friction layer 10 by a deposition method such as electron beam evaporation, plasma sputtering, magnetron sputtering or evaporation.
  • the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 may be a thin film or a thin layer, and the thickness may be selected from the range of 10 nm to 2 cm, preferably 50 nm to 5 mm, more preferably 100 nm to 1 mm, and even more preferably 500 nm to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m 0.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member are not necessarily limited to being rigid or flexible, because the flexible conductive member can also function as a friction layer. Support and conductivity.
  • the first conductive element 13 and the second conductive element 23 are connected to an external circuit through a wire or a thin layer of metal to output an electrical signal of the friction generator.
  • the distance from the upper surface of the liquid to the second conductive member is based on the liquid completely covering the second conductive member, preferably 0.1 cm to 5 cm.
  • the second conductive is not limited The specific size of the component and the relative positional relationship with the friction layer, in order to ensure that the generator has a stable output electrical signal, preferably, the second conductive component is located directly under the friction layer, and the upper surface of the second conductive component and the friction layer The shape and size of the lower surface are the same.
  • the space holding member 30 serves to maintain a gap between the friction layer 10 and the liquid 20 without an external force.
  • the space holder 30 can be made of a material having insulating properties.
  • the space holder 30 can be an integral support (see Figure 5).
  • the space holder 30 may be a spring U-shaped piece, which may be disposed only on one side of the friction generator or on both sides.
  • the shape and position of the space holder 30 can be determined according to the shape, size, and relative position of the first conductive member 11, the friction layer 10, and the second conductive member 21.
  • a support unit may be attached around the friction layer 10 on the first conductive member 11, or the space holder may be directly bonded to the surface of the friction layer.
  • a friction generator that contacts and separates the lower surface of the friction layer from the upper surface of the liquid by controlling the movement of the friction layer, referring to FIG.
  • the space holder 31 is connected to the friction layer 10 and the first conductive
  • the component 11 is integrally formed, in particular, on the side of the friction layer 10 and the first conductive element 20 that faces away from the liquid 20, for example, the space holder 31 is connected to the first conductive element on the first substrate.
  • the friction layer 10 the space holder 31 is not connected to the second conductive member, and the movement of the friction layer 10 can be controlled by connecting other devices to the space holder 31, so that the lower surface of the friction layer 10 can be combined with the upper surface of the liquid 20. Contact and separation. If the space holder 31 is connected to a device capable of generating periodic motion, such as a linear motor, the friction layer 10 will periodically contact and separate from the liquid 10, enabling generation between the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21. Periodic electrical signal output.
  • the preferred frequency range for the periodic contact and separation of the friction layer from the liquid is from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz.
  • a lighter weight material may be used as the space holder, the position of the space holder being between the friction layer and the first conductive element and the liquid, for example, the space holder is attached to the lower surface of the friction layer, or is connected to the first The lower surface of the substrate, the lighter weight holder, separates the friction layer (or micro-nanostructure layer) from the liquid.
  • the specific material of the space holder is selected to be an insulating material having a density less than the density of the liquid, such as a styrofoam material.
  • the space holder 32 is placed on the lower surface of the first substrate 12 and ensures that the lower surface of the first friction layer 1 is separated from the liquid 20; the first conductive member 11, fixed to the first substrate a lower surface of the friction layer 10; the lower surface of the friction layer 10 includes a micro-nano structure layer 13 disposed in contact with the first conductive member 11 and completely covered by the friction layer; further comprising a second substrate 22 and a second substrate The second conductive element 21, the second conductive element is completely submerged in the liquid 20.
  • the structure of the space holder may be an annular shape surrounding the friction layer or a plurality of support units surrounding the friction layer (see Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5
  • the overall volume of the space holder may be flexibly changed according to the total weight of the first conductive member, the friction layer and the insulating support layer, and the distance between the friction layer and the liquid, and is not particularly limited herein.
  • the insulating support layer in this embodiment is not connected to the second conductive element or the second substrate, and is equivalent to floating the entirety of the first conductive element, the friction layer and the insulating support layer on the liquid.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer 10 faces the upper surface of the liquid 20 to maintain a certain gap.
  • the micro/nanostructure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer 10 is in contact with the upper surface of the liquid 20, and surface charge transfer occurs between the friction layer 10 and the friction layer 20 due to the triboelectric effect.
  • the friction generator of the present embodiment has a space holder
  • the present invention is not limited thereto. Regardless of the means, as long as the lower surface of the friction layer of the friction generator (or the micro-nano structure layer) and the upper surface of the liquid can be switched back and forth between the separated state and the contact state, the first conductive element and the second conductive element can be An alternating pulse electrical signal is generated between them to effect the function of the liquid based friction generator of the present invention.
  • the liquid may be purified water, deionized water, polar liquid, non-polar liquid or other solution.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved as long as there is a difference in friction electrode sequence between the friction layer and the liquid material.
  • those skilled in the art can select appropriate friction according to the composition and polarity of the specific liquid.
  • the layer material and the micro/nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer is a hydrophobic material, and the liquid is preferably a polar liquid.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is a hydrophilic material, and the liquid is preferably a non-polar liquid.
  • Typical polar liquids may be water, formic acid, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile ( MeCN), acetone, etc.; the non-polar liquid may be selected from the group consisting of hexane, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, and the like.
  • the performance of the friction generator of the present invention will be described below with a specific example.
  • the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 22 are plexiglass sheets, the friction layer 10 is polydimethylsiloxane, and the micro-nano structure layer 13 on the lower surface of the friction layer is a tapered polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the liquid 20 is deionized water
  • the first conductive element 11 and the second conductive element 21 are copper thin films
  • the first substrate is connected with a linear electric motor to cause a periodic change of contact and separation between the friction layer and the liquid
  • the effective contact area of the friction layer with the liquid is 4 cm X 3 cm
  • the liquid is placed in a container with a bottom area of 11 cm X 7 cm
  • the second conductive element is submerged into the water to a depth of 2 cm
  • the linear electric motor operates at a frequency of 2 At Hz, as shown in Figure 10 (a)
  • the output voltage of the friction generator is 82 V. It can be seen that the friction layer and the water are in contact and separated, and the output repeatability is excellent. The stability is very good.
  • Figure 8 (a) is the open circuit voltage test result of the friction generator.
  • the left and right halves are the first conductive element and the second conductive element are connected to the test equipment (the first conductive element is connected to the positive pole and the second conductive component is connected).
  • the output voltage observed when the negative electrode is reversed (the first conductive element is connected to the negative electrode and the second conductive element is connected to the positive electrode).
  • the test results show that the first conductive element and the second conductive element are connected to the test device when they are connected and reversed.
  • the output voltage is the same value, which means that the tested voltage is the true output of the friction generator, not the background signal or system error.
  • Figure 8 (b) shows the current density test results of the friction generator.
  • the results show that the friction generator can provide
  • the output current density is 1.05 mA/m 2 , and it can be seen that the friction layer and the water are in contact and separated, the output repeatability is excellent, indicating good stability; likewise, Figure 8 (b) left half And the right half is the current density observed by the first conductive element and the second conductive element in connection with the test setup, and the test result indicates that the first conductive element and the second conductive element are positively connected and opposite to the test device.
  • the output current density observed at the time is the same value, which means that the observed current is the true output of the friction generator, not the background signal or system error.
  • the output electrical signal of the friction generator can simultaneously drive 60 green LED lamps, indicating that the friction generator provided by the present invention can directly convert the energy of the liquid fluctuation into practical electrical energy.
  • Figure 9 shows the output of this friction generator for charging a commercial capacitor of 33.
  • the measured voltage value can be charged to about 1.2 V in about ten minutes. It is confirmed that the output signal of the friction generator can be The charging of electrical appliances used in life clearly shows the potential of its application.
  • the frictional generator composed of the solid friction layer and the liquid of the present invention is when the linear electric motor drives the friction layer relative to When the liquid reciprocates up and down, it will cause fluctuations in the upper surface of the liquid, and the area in which the friction layer contacts the liquid changes, and the influence of the operating frequency of the linear electric motor causes a change in the output current density.
  • the characteristics of the friction generator of the present invention are also fully shown, as well as the places to be considered in future design.
  • the inventors also used a flat-plate rocking device to simulate the fluctuation of water in the natural environment, repeatedly tilting the friction generator, as shown in Fig. 11 (a), and measuring the current density of the output of the friction generator, such as Figure 11 (b) shows that the liquid-based friction generator can provide a continuous AC pulse output in the case of liquid fluctuations.
  • the output current density can be 0.1.
  • the mA/m 2 is increased to approximately 0.6 mA/m 2 , which is mainly due to the fact that the device swing angle becomes larger, and the contact area between the lower surface of the first friction layer and the liquid upper surface becomes larger, resulting in an increase in the amount of friction transfer charge and output.
  • the inventors have carefully studied the friction generators for liquids of different dielectric constants or polarities, the output electrical signals of which are related to the properties such as the dielectric constant or polarity of the liquid, and therefore, the liquid-based friction generator of the present invention. It can also be used as a sensor.
  • the liquid in the friction generator is the liquid to be tested, and the electrical signal is related to the polarity or dielectric constant of the liquid to be tested, or to metal ions and biomolecules in the liquid.
  • the sensor can be used to detect a factor in a liquid that causes a change in the dielectric constant or polarity of the liquid, such as a substance in which the liquid to be tested is water, a substance that causes a change in the dielectric constant or polarity of the water, such as ethanol, oil, metal ions or a surface.
  • a liquid that causes a change in the dielectric constant or polarity of the liquid such as ethanol, oil, metal ions or a surface.
  • the active agent or the like, or the temperature of the liquid to be tested may be changed, and the temperature change may also cause a change in the polarity or dielectric coefficient of the liquid to be tested.
  • the senor of the present invention can also detect metal ions and biomolecules in the liquid, because when the liquid includes metal ions or biomolecules, the contact charge of the friction layer or the liquid changes when the liquid contacts and separates from the friction layer, and It is related to the concentration of metal ions or biomolecules.
  • Figure 12 is a diagram of a sensor (liquid-based friction generator) for testing the concentration of ethanol in an aqueous solution. It can be found that the ethanol content is from 1% to 20%, and the output current density of the friction generator decreases almost linearly. It can be seen that the output value of the electrical signal of the friction generator is very stable and is a good detection method. In addition, we also use the above-mentioned friction generator to detect the water temperature, the water temperature changes from 25 ° C to 75 ° C, see Figure 13, the output current density of the friction generator also decreases linearly, indicating that the friction generator can also be used to detect The temperature of the liquid.
  • the micro-nano structure layer has a selective calibration effect on a specific analyte, and once the micro-nano structure layer captures the analyte in the liquid,
  • the frictional property with water changes and affects the electrical output, and the analyte can be qualitatively and quantitatively manipulated by this change, and has flexible controllability;
  • the micro/nano structural layer is a metal oxide such as titanium dioxide. , iron oxide or zirconium dioxide, etc.
  • the liquid to be tested contains an ortho-dihydroxy group such as catechol, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, alizarin, ascorbic acid or dopamine.
  • the metal oxide is in contact with these components in the liquid), which changes the triboelectric properties between the lower surface of the friction layer and the liquid, thereby affecting the output electrical signal of the generator, which can be qualitative or quantitative depending on the electrical signal.
  • the analyte in the liquid is measured.
  • the sensor network will be the fundamental driving force for the future economic development.
  • Traditional sensors include mechanical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors, photoelectric sensors, and gas sensors. Sensors are information that is noteworthy in the environment (such as light intensity, wind speed, heavy metal content or specific biomolecules in the human body) A device that converts an electrical signal into an electrical signal for recording analysis.
  • a device that converts an electrical signal into an electrical signal for recording analysis As technology continues to advance, its use is becoming more widespread, including in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, the food industry, or environmental monitoring.
  • current sensor designs are too complex and require power-driven sensors to work, and are not able to accommodate the multi-point distribution of the sensor network.
  • the friction generator which is in contact with the liquid and the solid can be used to associate the parameter of the liquid with the output electric signal box of the friction generator to realize self-driven liquid sensing, which can be conveniently used in the liquid.
  • Quantitative or qualitative analysis of certain parameters is a simpler method of detection and will be a breakthrough in the field of sensors.
  • the present invention also provides a liquid-based friction power generation method, comprising the steps of:
  • the upper surface of the friction layer is in contact with a first conductive element
  • the liquid is immersed without a second conductive element; and the friction layer is disposed above the liquid body such that a lower surface of the friction layer is disposed to face the upper surface of the liquid;
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is brought into contact with and separated from the upper surface of the liquid, and an electrical signal is outputted to the external circuit between the first conductive element and the second conductive element; when the liquid is a conductor, the first The conductive element is not in contact with the liquid.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is periodically contacted and separated from the upper surface of the liquid, and an alternating pulse electrical signal is output between the first conductive element and the second conductive element.
  • the frequency of the period ranges from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz.
  • the lower surface of the friction layer is brought into contact with and separated from the upper surface of the liquid.
  • One way is to provide control of the movement of the friction layer to adjust the distance between the lower surface of the friction layer and the upper surface of the liquid.
  • Another way is that the fluctuation of the liquid itself causes the lower surface of the friction layer to contact and separate from the upper surface of the liquid.
  • the material, structure, size, and the like of the second conductive member may be identical and will not be repeated herein.
  • the liquid-based friction generator method of the present invention can be applied to rivers, lakes or seawater in nature to collect mechanical energy generated by liquid fluctuations and convert it into practical electrical energy.
  • the liquid-based friction generator method of the present invention can also be applied in the field of controllable contact power generation, for collecting mechanical energy generated by machinery, human body, etc., especially mechanical energy that has not yet been utilized, and converting part of these mechanical energy into Electrical energy is utilized.
  • the present invention also provides a sensing method using the liquid-based friction generator, comprising the steps of:
  • the parameter of the liquid includes a polarity or a dielectric coefficient of the liquid, or the like.
  • the set working conditions described herein refer to the contact area of the friction layer and the liquid in the friction generator, the contact frequency, and the like, that is, the other parts of the generator other than the liquid and the contact area and the contact frequency during power generation are preset.
  • the predetermined relationship between the parameter of the liquid in the generator and the output electrical signal of the generator obtained in advance, and the output electrical signal of the friction generator including the liquid to be tested obtained under the same working condition, can be obtained.
  • Parameters such as temperature, polarity, and composition of the liquid.
  • porous alumina with a length and width of 15 cm as a template, pour the polydimethylsiloxane mixture and bake at 120 °C for 1 hour, then remove it to obtain the lower surface.
  • first substrate and second substrate Two pieces of plexiglass sheet (first substrate and second substrate) each having a length and a width of 20 cm and a thickness of 0.05 cm were taken, and the surface was plated with aluminum having a length and a width of 15 cm and a thickness of 150 nm.
  • the film, one piece will serve as the first substrate and the first conductive element, and the other will serve as the second substrate and the second conductive element.
  • the upper surface of the polydimethylsiloxane film having a columnar array on the surface is tiled toward the first conductive member on the first conductive member covered with the polydimethylsiloxane mixture at 60 ° C. Bake for 12 hours to form a contact arrangement of the friction layer with the first conductive element.
  • Two pieces of styrofoam with a size of 2 cmX 20 cm and a thickness of 2 cm were adhered to the lower surface of the friction layer in parallel.
  • the first conductive element and the second conductive element are led out by wires, and the second substrate is placed in river water or sea water to complete a friction generator that can be used to collect the fluctuating mechanical energy of river water or sea water in the environment.
  • a columnar array of polytetrafluoroethylene can be obtained by using a porous alumina template having a size of 4 cm X 4 cm and a commercial film of the same area and thickness of 75 ⁇ m at a high temperature of 400 ° C for 40 minutes. a friction layer of ethylene and a micro-nano structure layer on the lower surface of the friction layer. Then, the upper surface of the columnar array polytetrafluoroethylene film was plated with a copper film having a size of 3 cm X 3 cm and a thickness of 100 nm as the first conductive member. Finally, the copper film was applied to the polyethylene sheet and adhered to a polyethylene sheet (first substrate) having a size of 5 cm X 5 cm and a thickness of 0.1 cm.
  • Second substrate Take another piece of the same polyethylene sheet (second substrate), and also apply a copper film with a size of 3 cm X 3 cm and a thickness of 100 nm as the second conductive element on the upper surface, and the lower surface of the polyethylene sheet Adhere to a container with a bottom surface size of 10 cm X 10 cm and inject water to a depth of 2 cm to completely cover the second conductive element.
  • Leading the first conductive element and the second conductive element with a wire, connecting the linear electric motor and controlling the contact and separation of the friction layer with water, and the operating frequency is fixed at 1 Hz, comparing
  • the concentration of the surfactant-containing agent can be known from the friction generator output of the pure water and the surfactant-containing water sample.
  • a polytetrafluoroethylene film having a columnar array on the surface can effectively increase the hydrophobicity of the PTFE membrane and improve the AC pulse signal output performance of the sensor.
  • a plexiglass having a thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 2 cm X 2 cm was used as the first substrate, and a metal aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.02 mm and a size of 1.5 cm X 1.5 cm was adhered to the lower surface as the first conductive member. And connecting the lead wires to the first conductive element.
  • a polydimethylsiloxane film having a thickness of ⁇ and having a pyramid shape was used as the friction layer.
  • the pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane film is formed by first applying a layer of photoresist on the silicon wafer and forming a side length in the micrometer or submicron on the photoresist by photolithography. a square array of square windows, which is then chemically etched by hot potassium hydroxide to form a template of an array of pyramid-shaped recessed structures; then poured into a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane at 60 ° C After baking for 12 hours, and then removing it, a polydimethylsiloxane film of the pyramidal array of the mask below was obtained.
  • the upper surface of the pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane film is spread on a first conductive member covered with a polydimethylsiloxane mixture, and baked again at 60 ° C for 12 hours. Finally, the device is attached to a linear electric motor.
  • a metal aluminum sheet having a thickness of 0.02 mm and a size of 1.5 cm X 1.5 cm was used as the second conductive member, and placed in a container having an area of 11 cm X 7 cm, and the second conductive member was taken out by the wire.
  • the container is filled with water to a depth of 1.5 cm, completely covering the second conductive element, and the linear electric motor is connected and controls the contact and separation of the friction layer with water.
  • the operating frequency is fixed at 2 Hz, compared with the pure water and sewage samples.
  • the electrical signal output can be used to know the degree of contamination of the oil.
  • the contact with the aqueous solution of the polydimethylsiloxane film increases the contact area, and thus has a very high contact area. Good AC pulse signal output performance.

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un générateur triboélectrique à base de liquide, un procédé de génération et un capteur. Ledit générateur triboélectrique comprend une couche de frottement (10) présentant une surface supérieure dotée d'un premier élément conducteur (11) et en contact avec celui-ci, ainsi qu'un liquide (20) dans lequel est immergé un second élément conducteur (21). Une surface inférieure de la couche de frottement et une surface supérieure du liquide sont disposées face à face et au moins une partie de la surface inférieure de la couche de frottement peut s'éloigner de la surface supérieure du liquide après avoir été en contact avec celle-ci. La mise en œuvre du premier élément conducteur et du second élément conducteur permet d'émettre un signal électrique. Le générateur triboélectrique selon l'invention met en œuvre la triboélectricité produite par un liquide et une couche de frottement solide, et un principe de conduction de l'électricité statique. Ledit générateur est ainsi basé sur le contact entre un liquide et un solide, il présente une structure simple et il permet de collecter puis de convertir en énergie électrique l'énergie mécanique produite par les ondes liquides.
PCT/CN2014/076458 2013-09-16 2014-04-29 Générateur triboélectrique à base de liquide, procédé de génération, capteur et procédé de détection WO2015035788A1 (fr)

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