WO2015033817A1 - Simple microscope and dark-field observation method and photographic video recording method employing same - Google Patents

Simple microscope and dark-field observation method and photographic video recording method employing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015033817A1
WO2015033817A1 PCT/JP2014/072260 JP2014072260W WO2015033817A1 WO 2015033817 A1 WO2015033817 A1 WO 2015033817A1 JP 2014072260 W JP2014072260 W JP 2014072260W WO 2015033817 A1 WO2015033817 A1 WO 2015033817A1
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Prior art keywords
sample
holding plate
lens
plate
microscope
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PCT/JP2014/072260
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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佐藤　忠男
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Sato Tadao
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Priority to JP2015518498A priority Critical patent/JP5838492B2/en
Publication of WO2015033817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015033817A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/0008—Microscopes having a simple construction, e.g. portable microscopes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a simple microscope with an illumination device capable of dark field observation by oblique light illumination, a method of dark field observation using the same, and a photographing and recording method using a digital camera using the same.
  • Patent Document 1 is by the present inventor, the present invention is an improved invention of claim 4 thereof.
  • Claim 4 is a thing used by superimposing a lens holding member and a sample holding member by magnetic force, since an illumination device was not attached, dark field observation was difficult.
  • Patent Document 4 is also related to the present inventor. Although this is a thing which can be adjusted by changing the distance between the lens holding member and the sample holding member, it is difficult to observe the dark field because the illumination device is not attached.
  • the present invention is to improve this point, An illumination device is provided in addition to the lens holding member and the sample holding member.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 The inventor of the present invention has tried to confirm this fact, but finally, it has been succeeded in observing bacteria using a dark field recently, thinking that it is patentable, and examining it, the drawing of Patent Document 1 below One objective lens is caught in the eye, but the illumination light of the present invention changes continuously and the illumination light angle is different, while the illumination light of different angles is switched and irradiated. is there.
  • Patent No. 3806828 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-197289
  • Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-003909 (Claim 4)
  • Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-098440 (FIG. 3-FIG. 8)
  • Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-119557 (paragraph number 0009-0015)
  • the problem to be solved is a simple portable microscope that enables bright field observation and dark field observation with 1 ⁇ m bacteria and microalgae in a simple configuration, and can be easily produced even by elementary school children. It is to provide.
  • a lens holding plate holding a spherical lens, a hole for light transmission, a sample holding plate holding a sample on its outer peripheral portion, and a lighting device on the back of the sample holding plate
  • the lens holding plate and the sample holding plate are made to be able to be adjusted by suction by the magnetic force of a permanent magnet so that the distance between the spherical lens of the lens holding plate and the sample of the sample holding plate can be adjusted.
  • the two holding plates are bonded so that they can be rotated around the fulcrum of the end, or the two holding plates are bonded together via spacers of a permanent magnet so that they can be easily attached and detached. Note that attachment and detachment in this text means that the connected part is rotated in a two-dimensional plane, and both objects are separated or combined, or both objects are separated or combined in the Z direction in three dimensions. It is.
  • a button battery was used as a power source. Because of this, the button battery electrode has the property of being attached to a magnet. The compactness and the manufacturing cost reduction were achieved by closely attaching to the battery electrode and energizing to light the light bulb.
  • each holding plate was made to be a magnet so that it could be assembled without tools at the time of production at event venues and the like.
  • the method of using the microscope of the present invention is to move the illumination device close to directly below the lens, adjust the focus by bright field observation, move the illumination device with the finger while looking into the lens with eyes and move away from the lens Because it gradually becomes dark from the outer periphery of the visual field, it is possible to easily observe the dark field by directing the line of sight of the observer toward the outer periphery. At this time, by adjusting the focus while tilting the microscope body as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to perform dark field observation with oblique light illumination with the darkness and resolution desired by the observer within the possible range with the present microscope where distortion is small. Become.
  • the simplified microscope of the present invention it is possible to obtain a resolution equivalent to that of a conventional abdominal microscope by only moving one illumination device and adjusting the line of sight of the observer with one spherical lens and at least one light source.
  • Bright field observation and dark field observation are also possible.
  • it is extremely light weight of about 100 grams, it can be observed outdoors such as spores of mushrooms and algae such as green insects in the field for portable use, which is very useful.
  • the microscope of the present invention can record and record with a colored three-dimensional feeling without staining or even a minute object of 1 micron order by using a high sensitivity digital camera. It is a thing.
  • the applicant of the present application has previously filed Patent Document 5 and captures this phenomenon as light interference between the lens and the observation sample, and the diameter of the spherical lens is 0.
  • paragraph [0015] of the specification of Patent Document 5 that occurs when it is 2 mm or less (about 2300 times), the spherical shape is small, so it can not be mass-produced and has not been marketed due to high cost.
  • the diameter of the spherical lens is 0.2 mm or more, the color can be easily obtained by using the microscope of the present invention and a digital camera equipped with a highly sensitive image sensor generally available on the market.
  • the product of the magnification of the spherical lens and the zoom magnification of the high sensitivity digital camera should be 3000 times or more and 30000 times or less.
  • the magnification of the spherical lens is 100 Double or more and 6,000 times or less is a value suitable for colorization, and it was found that especially from the viewpoint of production, 100 times or more and 1000 times or less are particularly good, and 1000 times or less the diameter of a spherical lens has a refractive index of 1.5 When the refractive index is about 0.3 mm and larger, the diameter is naturally larger than that.
  • the animation on "YouTube” is close to the 600x spherical lens of the simple microscope of the present invention by using Cybershot DSC-WX200 (trade name) using Sony's high sensitivity back-illuminated image sensor, and the lens magnification and The product of the product with the camera's zoom magnification was changed between 3000 and 30000 times for shooting and recording.
  • the illumination light was obtained by emitting a 5 mm white LED (OSPW 5111-YZ manufactured by OptoSupply with a 3 V battery.
  • the shot-type LED was photographed by irradiating it from 2 mm below the sample.
  • Samples are food Kimchi juice and shell weathered powder dissolved in tap water, applicant's blood, natto etc. These samples are about 0.5 ⁇ m wide and 0.1 ⁇ m deep Is cut into a transparent plastic plate as an objective micrometer at intervals of 1 ⁇ m, a diffraction grating is a kind of slide glass, a sample is applied there, a 0.04 mm thick low density polyethylene film is covered as a cover glass, It is the moving image which was made to zoom up by making the spherical lens of the microscope of this invention approach, attaching the opening part of the said camera to a lens holding plate, and zooming. Small roundish platelets moving in the blood, bacilli moving like fish, cocci and yeast bacteria and so on are falling under their own weight while doing brown exercise in solution (the sample is vertical I photographed it).
  • the coloring of unstained minute objects can be regarded as an image of a kind of spectroscopic analysis by an optical lens. Therefore, if the distance between the spherical lens (objective lens) and the sample is fixed, the wavelength and intensity of the illumination light are changed, and the image corresponding thereto is analyzed, the physical properties of the unstained minute object are understood. Gram-positive or negative bacteria can be seen without the need for cumbersome stain treatment. It should be noted that although the magnification is 3000 times or more, details beyond the resolution can not be seen, but since it is colored, the contrast is improved, the movement of the minute object is well understood, and the magnification is increased. Because time is not expanded, the speed of motile bacteria etc.
  • the simple microscope of the present invention has the above-mentioned effects, and even elementary school students can make parts if they have the same parts, so its value is considered to be very favorable in terms of education and contribution to the hygiene of developing countries. Is also likely to be expected. Also, in visual observation, the field of view is narrow compared to the expensive existing training microscope of a well-known manufacturer but the resolution is not inferior, and the narrowness of the field of view allows the sub-sample plate to be moved easily. It can be observed.
  • the present invention is a very excellent microscope also from this point of view because it is heavy and can not be observed with a conventional microscope.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an example of the present invention.
  • a hole for mounting the lens is opened at a substantially central portion in a plane of the lens holding plate 2, and the spherical lens 1 having a diameter of about 1 mm is mounted, and a screw hole for connection is opened at one end.
  • An opening 14 for light transmission is formed at a central portion in the plane of the sample holding plate 4 and a screw hole for connection is opened at one end.
  • a screw hole for connection is also made at one end of the slide plate 7.
  • a spacer is provided in the screw hole portion between the lens holding plate 2 and the sample holding plate 4 and between the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7, and they are coupled by a screw and a nut.
  • the spacer provided between the lens holding plate and the sample holding plate is preferably a soft material such as elastic rubber for focusing.
  • the spacer provided between the sample holding plate and the slide plate is preferably a hard material such as wood, metal, or resin in order to keep the distance constant.
  • the spacer 8 expands and contracts, and by adjusting the distance between the lens and the sample, focus adjustment is possible.
  • the spacer provided between the sample holding plate and the lens holding plate must be thick enough to move the lighting device, it can be made thinner by bending the slide plate by metal pressing, and in some cases it may be eliminated. Is also possible.
  • the lighting system consists of a light bulb, a battery, an electrode plate, and a plate-like magnet, and the light bulb 5 is attached to the top and bottom of the plate-like magnet 6 which is the base and disposed at the bottom. , Join one of the lines of the light bulb and the electrode plate 23.
  • the electrode plate 21 is attached to the bottom of the plate-like magnet 20 to be attached from above, and is joined to the other wire of the light bulb.
  • the electrode plate is in close contact with the battery by the magnetic force, and the light bulb is lit.
  • the light bulb is extinguished by sticking the plate-like magnet 20 to the bottom surface of the sample holding plate as shown in FIG.
  • a lighting device can be comprised only with a light bulb and a plate-like magnet except a battery, in this case, since it is necessary to prepare power supplies, such as a battery, outside, it is inconvenient for observation in the field.
  • the size of the lens holding plate 2, the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 is about 25 mm in width ⁇ about 100 mm in length and about 1 mm in thickness.
  • the material is preferably metal, but is not limited thereto.
  • the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 are preferably made of iron, stainless steel such as SUS430, or the like so that the magnet of the lighting device is attached.
  • the plate magnet 20 of the illumination device has a circular or rectangular shape with a diameter of about 30 mm, and the plate magnet 6 has a width of about 30 mm, a length of about 50 mm, and is larger than the width of the slide plate 7.
  • the magnet is easy to grasp by hand and adjustment by movement becomes easy.
  • bean light bulbs, organic EL or LED light bulbs can be used, button cells can be used for batteries, and conductive foils such as copper can be used for electrode plates.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view for explaining a method of observing a dark field by oblique light illumination.
  • the illumination device 30 is slid on the slide plate 7 from just under the spherical lens 1 and away from the lens, oblique illumination is obtained.
  • the resolution in the moving direction goes up, and if it moves further, the illumination light is blocked by the edge of the opening 14 of the sample holding plate 4, and it becomes gradually darker by preventing the light from entering the spherical lens 1 directly.
  • the line of sight is directed toward the light bulb of the illumination device, there is a small distortion of the image of the sample, where the observation of the dark field of the shape of the specimen (an image between bright field and dark field depending on the movement position of the illumination device) observation Can.
  • the tilting direction may change depending on the sample. For example, when a sample is put into water for observation, it is because it is affected by the refraction of light by water. During observation, if the microscope body is not moved, the need to move the eyes arises, which causes eye fatigue. Since the present microscope is extremely lightweight and compact, it is easy to observe by holding the main body of the microscope and using it slightly as shown in FIG.
  • the present invention is the same in the spirit of the present invention, and there is a flat and thin light bulb such as a thin LED.
  • the present invention can be configured even if the lens holder plate, the sample holder plate, and the plate-like magnet are provided with only the light bulbs by attaching 7 to the back surface of the sample holder plate as an illumination device.
  • the electrode plate 21 is attached to the plate-like magnet 20 and the electrode plate 42 is attached to the insulating sheet 41 without connecting the positive side wire of the light bulb 5 to the electrode plate 21.
  • the electrode plate 43 can be connected to the plus side of the light bulb by attaching the electrode plate 43 and attaching lightly and detachably to the plus side of the battery 22 with an adhesive or the like.
  • the lighting apparatus is mounted on the plate-like magnet 6 by separating the product obtained by attaching the electrode plate 52 to the insulating sheet 51 such as a thin PP sheet having a little elasticity and separating from the electrode surface of the battery 22.
  • the plate-like magnet 20 can be attracted to or separated from the electrode surface side of the battery 22 and the electrode plate 52 can be brought into contact with or separated from the battery electrode to turn on / off the illumination light.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the distance between the lens holding plate 102 and the sample holding plate 104 is made variable by the focus adjustment screw 111, and the illumination device D is further provided between the slide plate 107 and the sample holding plate 104.
  • the plate magnet 6 of the substrate facilitates movement and fixing, and enables oblique light illumination and dark field illumination.
  • the space between the sample holding plates is provided by the magnet spacers 109 and 119 so that the lighting device D can move.
  • this space portion As a method of forming this space portion, if the slide plate 107 is subjected to hat bending processing with a metal press or the like, the thickness of the magnet spacer can be reduced, and in some cases, sufficient space can be secured even without use. It is.
  • the sizes of the lens holding plate 102, the sample holding plate 104 and the slide plate 107 are substantially the same as those of the lens holding plate 2, the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 in FIG.
  • the screw for M3 is tapped, and the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 and the focus adjustment screw 111 are screwed. Further, only a hole for screw penetration is formed at the left end of the lens holding plate 102, and a portion to which the tip of the focus adjustment screw 111 abuts is slightly recessed at the right end. Further, at the right end of the slide plate 107, a hole for penetration of the focus adjustment screw 111 is opened.
  • the focus adjustment screw 111 When the focus adjustment screw 111 is turned to the right, the lens holding plate 102 moves away from the magnet 108, the distance between the lens 1 and the slide 3 increases, and when it turns to the left, the focus adjustment mechanism is reversed.
  • the adsorption force by the magnetic force of the magnet spacer 108 with a diameter of about 4 mm and the magnet spacer 108 with a thickness of about 2 mm is always working.
  • the focus adjustment screw 111 (the screw material is a magnetic material is good) is slightly concaved in the lens holding plate and attracted by the magnetic force of the screw, so the focus adjustment screw 111 is not largely deviated.
  • a spacer 117 made of a soft material such as elastic rubber or urethane foam and a magnet spacer 118 are used in an overlapping manner.
  • the screw 110 is tightened, the force is applied to the tip of the focus adjustment screw 111 and the lens holding plate 102 is not detached even when observed vertically, and the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 is focused Will also work as a minor adjustment.
  • the spacer 117 is not always necessary, but the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 does not play a role of fine adjustment of the focal point.
  • the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 in FIG. 6 has a length that passes through a screw hole tapped on the sample holding plate 104 but does not reach the slide plate 107, so that the slide plate can adjust the focus adjustment screw 111.
  • the illumination device D and the button battery in it can be taken out easily by rotating it as an axis, and the lens holding plate 102 is rotated about the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 to easily replace the sub sample holding plate 103.
  • the magnetic force of the magnet spacer 108 and the recessed portion 102 firmly fix by suction.
  • the sample 3 is mounted on the sample holding plate 104 through the sub-sample holding plate 103 having a diameter of about 10 mm in a circular plate-like magnet having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of about 30 mm.
  • the observation range of the sample 3 can be expanded by moving the sub sample holding plate 103.
  • the material of the lens holding plate 102, the sample holding plate 104 and the slide plate 107 in this embodiment is preferably ferromagnetic iron or stainless steel such as SUS430 at least in the portion where the magnet adsorbs.
  • the simple microscope of the present invention can be mass-produced industrially and can be provided inexpensively, so it is most suitable for school teaching materials. And the biggest possibility is the outline only and the details are unknown because of the diffraction limit, but it is possible to observe the movement of one bacteria with the size of an electron microscope, so it is possible to divide and join the bacteria. It is possible to directly observe the moment of eye by eye, the identification of bacteria, etc. becomes possible by the color, and it can be expected to play an auxiliary role in shortening the conventional culture method of bacteria in the official method.

Abstract

[Problem] A problem to be solved is to provide a portable simple microscope whereby, while having a simple configuration, bright-field observation and dark-field observation is possible whereby bacteria, microalgae, etc., on the order of 1μm in size are viewable, and which may be easily fabricated even by grade-school students. [Solution] This simple microscope is configured with a lens retaining plate which retains a spherical lens, a specimen retaining plate which retains a specimen and forms an aperture part for light transmission, and a slide plate. The lens retaining plate and the specimen retaining plate are coupled separated by an interstice which is variable and with focus adjustment possible. Additionally, the specimen retaining plate and the slide plate are integrally coupled such that it is possible to move an illumination device therebetween.

Description

[規則26に基づく補充 12.09.2014]　簡易顕微鏡とそれを用いた暗視野観察法と撮影録画方法[Repletion based on rule 26. 12.09.2014] Simple microscope and dark field observation method and photography recording method using it
　本発明は斜光照明による暗視野観察が出来る照明装置つき簡易顕微鏡とそれを利用した暗視野観察の方法及びこれを用いたデジタル式カメラによる撮影録画方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a simple microscope with an illumination device capable of dark field observation by oblique light illumination, a method of dark field observation using the same, and a photographing and recording method using a digital camera using the same.
　下記の特許文献１は本発明者によるものであるが、本発明はそれの請求項４の改良発明である。前記請求項４は磁力によってレンズ保持部材と試料保持部材とを重ね合わせて使用する物であるが、照明装置が付いていないため暗視野観察は難しかった。
又、下記の特許文献４も本発明者が関係したものである。これはレンズ保持部材と試料保持部材との間隔を可変として焦点調整ができる物であるが、照明装置が付いていないため暗視野観察は難しかった、本発明は、この点を改良するために、前記レンズ保持部材と試料保持部材の他に照明装置を設けたものである Although the following Patent Document 1 is by the present inventor, the present invention is an improved invention of claim 4 thereof. Although Claim 4 is a thing used by superimposing a lens holding member and a sample holding member by magnetic force, since an illumination device was not attached, dark field observation was difficult.
Further, the following Patent Document 4 is also related to the present inventor. Although this is a thing which can be adjusted by changing the distance between the lens holding member and the sample holding member, it is difficult to observe the dark field because the illumination device is not attached. The present invention is to improve this point, An illumination device is provided in addition to the lens holding member and the sample holding member.
１７世紀オランダのレーベンフック（レーウエンフック）がレンズ１個の単式顕微鏡で細菌を観察した事は紛れもない事実である。しかし、どのような装置で、又いかなる方法で観察したのかは本人が秘密にしたので解らないが、暗視野法で観察したのだろうと思われている（非特許文献１）。
　本発明者はこのことを確かめようとしてきたが、ようやく、最近になって暗視野を用いた細菌の観察に成功した、特許性もあるかと思い、調べてみると、下記の特許文献１の図面１の対物レンズが１個なのが目にとまった、しかし角度の異なる照明光を切り替えて照射するのに対して本発明のものは連続して照明光の角度が変化するので明らかに異なるものである。 It is undeniable that the 17th century Dutch Revenkeh (Leeuen Hoch) observed bacteria with a single lens microscope. However, it is thought that it was observed by the dark field method although it was unknown because the person kept it secret by what kind of device and how it was observed (Non-Patent Document 1).
The inventor of the present invention has tried to confirm this fact, but finally, it has been succeeded in observing bacteria using a dark field recently, thinking that it is patentable, and examining it, the drawing of Patent Document 1 below One objective lens is caught in the eye, but the illumination light of the present invention changes continuously and the illumination light angle is different, while the illumination light of different angles is switched and irradiated. is there.
特許第３８０６８２８号公報Patent No. 3806828 特開平９－１９７２８９号公報Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-197289 特開２００５－００３９０９号公報（請求項４）Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-003909 (Claim 4) 特開２００３－０９８４４０号公報（図３～図８）Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-098440 (FIG. 3-FIG. 8) 特開２００６－１１９５５７号公報（段落番号０００９～００１５）Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-119557 (paragraph number 0009-0015)
　解決したい課題は簡易構成でありながら、１ミクロン程度の菌や微小藻類などが見える明視野観察と暗視野観察とが可能で、尚且つ、小学生でも容易に製作可能な、携帯式の簡易顕微鏡を提供する事である。 The problem to be solved is a simple portable microscope that enables bright field observation and dark field observation with 1 μm bacteria and microalgae in a simple configuration, and can be easily produced even by elementary school children. It is to provide.
本発明は球形のレンズを保持したレンズ保持板と、光透過用の穴を開けて、試料をその外周部分に保持するようにした試料保持板を作り、その試料保持板の裏面に照明装置を永久磁石の磁力によってスライドできる状態で吸着固定させて、前記レンズ保持板の球形レンズと前記試料保持板の試料との距離を調整できるようにして、前記のレンズ保持板と前記の試料保持板を端部の支点を中心に回転できるようにして重ね合わせて結合するか、永久磁石のスペーサーを介して前記の両保持板を貼り合わせるようにして着脱し易くして結合させる。
尚、本文に於ける着脱とは結合している部分を二次元面で回転させて、両方の物体を離すか結合するか、三次元でのＺ方向に両物体を離すとか結合するとかと言う意味である。 In the present invention, a lens holding plate holding a spherical lens, a hole for light transmission, a sample holding plate holding a sample on its outer peripheral portion, and a lighting device on the back of the sample holding plate The lens holding plate and the sample holding plate are made to be able to be adjusted by suction by the magnetic force of a permanent magnet so that the distance between the spherical lens of the lens holding plate and the sample of the sample holding plate can be adjusted. The two holding plates are bonded so that they can be rotated around the fulcrum of the end, or the two holding plates are bonded together via spacers of a permanent magnet so that they can be easily attached and detached.
Note that attachment and detachment in this text means that the connected part is rotated in a two-dimensional plane, and both objects are separated or combined, or both objects are separated or combined in the Z direction in three dimensions. It is.
こうする事により、前記照明装置を手でスライドさせて光源の位置を変える事ができて試料への照明光の入射角度を連続的に変える事が可能になる。
　しかし、この構造だと固定して使うのには問題ないが、携帯用とする時には照明装置が邪魔になってポケットに入れる時や置く時など、照明装置に無理な力が加わり、はずれたりするので、試料保持板の他に、もう１枚のスライド板と呼ぶ板状体を試料保持板の下に設けて、そのスライド板の上に照明装置を磁力で吸着固定して移動できるようにした。 By doing this, it is possible to slide the illumination device by hand to change the position of the light source, and it is possible to continuously change the incident angle of the illumination light to the sample.
However, with this structure, there is no problem in using it in a fixed manner, but when using it for portable purposes, the lighting device is in the way and the lighting device is forced to exert excessive force, such as putting it in a pocket or putting it in the pocket. Therefore, in addition to the sample holding plate, another plate called a slide plate is provided under the sample holding plate so that the lighting device can be moved by suction and fixed on the slide plate by magnetic attraction. .
又、照明装置はできるだけコンパクトにするため、電源としてボタン電池を使用する事にしたが、そのために、ボタン電池の電極が磁石に付く性質があるので、スイッチ機構として永久磁石の磁力で電極板を電池電極に密着させて通電して電球の点灯をするようにしてコンパクト化と製造コスト低減を図った。 In addition, in order to make the lighting apparatus as compact as possible, a button battery was used as a power source. Because of this, the button battery electrode has the property of being attached to a magnet. The compactness and the manufacturing cost reduction were achieved by closely attaching to the battery electrode and energizing to light the light bulb.
更に各保持板の間のスペーサーを磁石にしてイベント会場などでの製作の際に工具無しでも組み立てられるようにした。 Furthermore, the spacer between each holding plate was made to be a magnet so that it could be assembled without tools at the time of production at event venues and the like.
本発明の顕微鏡の使い方は、始め照明装置をレンズの真下近くに移動させて明視野観察で焦点調整をして、目でレンズを覗きながら指で照明装置を移動させて、レンズから離して行く事で視野外周部から徐々に暗くなっていくので、観察者の目線を外周部に向けて行く事で、簡単に暗視野観察ができるようになる。この時、顕微鏡本体を図２のように傾けながら焦点調整をする事で歪の少ないところでの本顕微鏡での可能範囲内で観察者の望む暗さと解像度での斜光照明による暗視野観察が可能となる。 The method of using the microscope of the present invention is to move the illumination device close to directly below the lens, adjust the focus by bright field observation, move the illumination device with the finger while looking into the lens with eyes and move away from the lens Because it gradually becomes dark from the outer periphery of the visual field, it is possible to easily observe the dark field by directing the line of sight of the observer toward the outer periphery. At this time, by adjusting the focus while tilting the microscope body as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to perform dark field observation with oblique light illumination with the darkness and resolution desired by the observer within the possible range with the present microscope where distortion is small. Become.
本発明の簡易顕微鏡の肉眼での観察では１個の球形レンズと少なくとも最低１個の光源と、照明装置の移動と観察者の目線の調整だけで、従来の腹式顕微鏡と同等な分解能での明視野観察も暗視野観察も可能となる。更に１００グラム程度の極めて軽量であるため携帯用として野外でのキノコの胞子やミドリ虫などの藻類などの観察ができて、とても重宝な物である。 According to the naked eye observation of the simplified microscope of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a resolution equivalent to that of a conventional abdominal microscope by only moving one illumination device and adjusting the line of sight of the observer with one spherical lens and at least one light source. Bright field observation and dark field observation are also possible. Furthermore, since it is extremely light weight of about 100 grams, it can be observed outdoors such as spores of mushrooms and algae such as green insects in the field for portable use, which is very useful.
更に予想外の、特筆すべき効果は本発明の顕微鏡は高感度のデジタル式カメラを使う事で１ミクロンオーダーの微小な物体を染色もしないのに色の付いた立体的な感じで撮影録画できる事である。
この色付くカラー画像での視認に関しては、前記特許文献５を本出願人は以前に出願していて、この現象をレンズと観察試料との光の干渉現象として捉えていて、球形レンズの直径が
０．２ｍｍ以下（約２３００倍）になると生じる事を記特許文献５の明細書の段落番号「００１５」で説明していたが球形が小さいのでコスト高で量産化ができず市場化していなかった。ところが今回、球形レンズの径が０．２ｍｍ以上でも本発明の顕微鏡と一般に市販されている高感度のイメージセンサー搭載のデジタル式カメラとを用いれば簡単にカラー化できる事が解った。 Furthermore, an unexpected and remarkable effect is that the microscope of the present invention can record and record with a colored three-dimensional feeling without staining or even a minute object of 1 micron order by using a high sensitivity digital camera. It is a thing.
With regard to visual recognition in this colored color image, the applicant of the present application has previously filed Patent Document 5 and captures this phenomenon as light interference between the lens and the observation sample, and the diameter of the spherical lens is 0. As described in paragraph [0015] of the specification of Patent Document 5 that occurs when it is 2 mm or less (about 2300 times), the spherical shape is small, so it can not be mass-produced and has not been marketed due to high cost. However, it has been found that even if the diameter of the spherical lens is 0.2 mm or more, the color can be easily obtained by using the microscope of the present invention and a digital camera equipped with a highly sensitive image sensor generally available on the market.
いろいろ調べてみると微小物体のカラー画像化には球形レンズの倍率と高感度なデジタル式カメラのズーム倍率との積が３０００倍以上、３００００倍以下にする事が良く、球形レンズの倍率は１００倍以上６０００倍以下がカラー化に適した値であり、特に製作の観点から１００倍以上で１０００倍以下が特に良い事が解った、１０００倍以下は球形レンズの直径は屈折率が１．５のとき約０．３ｍｍで屈折率がそれ以上の場合は直径も当然それ以上である。
この数値が解ったことにより、本簡易顕微鏡の応用としての専用の倍率固定の細菌検査専用などの固定焦点型のデジタル式カメラが製作可能になる。
又、観察試料のミクロン代の寸法の確認のためと、本発明の照明光の移動による斜光照明による解像度の具合と、それによるカラー化の変化の具合を見るために、試料載置板（カバーガラスの役目）として透明回折格子の板状体がとても良い事も解った。 A variety of studies have shown that for color imaging of small objects, the product of the magnification of the spherical lens and the zoom magnification of the high sensitivity digital camera should be 3000 times or more and 30000 times or less. The magnification of the spherical lens is 100 Double or more and 6,000 times or less is a value suitable for colorization, and it was found that especially from the viewpoint of production, 100 times or more and 1000 times or less are particularly good, and 1000 times or less the diameter of a spherical lens has a refractive index of 1.5 When the refractive index is about 0.3 mm and larger, the diameter is naturally larger than that.
By knowing these numerical values, it becomes possible to manufacture a fixed-focus type digital camera such as a dedicated fixed-magnification bacteria test dedicated to the application of the present simple microscope.
Also, in order to confirm the dimensions of the micron range of the observation sample, and to observe the condition of the resolution by oblique illumination due to the movement of the illumination light of the present invention and the condition of the change in coloration thereby, The plate of the transparent diffraction grating was found to be very good as the role of glass).
この一連の研究結果として、本顕微鏡によるカラー化の動画を「ＹｏｕＴｕｂｅ（登録商標）」上に本顕微鏡とデジタルカメラで撮影した動画をアップロードしてあるので、「佐藤忠男　細菌」、「佐藤忠男　血液」、「無染色細菌などのカラー化」、「細菌２」なるキーワードで御検索して見て頂きたい。 As a result of this series of research, videos of colorized videos by this microscope were uploaded on "YouTube (registered trademark)" with videos of this microscope and digital camera. Therefore, "Tadao Sato Bacteria", "Taro Sato" Blood Please search for keywords such as "colorization of non-staining bacteria" and "bacteria 2".
尚、「ＹｏｕＴｕｂｅ」上の動画はソニーの高感度の裏面照射型のイメージセンサーを使用したサイバーショットＤＳＣ－ＷＸ２００（商品名）を本発明の簡易顕微鏡の６００倍の球形レンズに近付けて、レンズ倍率とカメラのズーム倍率との積を３０００～３００００倍の間で変化させ撮影録画したもので、照明光は「ＯｐｔｏＳｕｐｐｌｙ社製の５ｍｍの白色ＬＥＤ（ＯＳＰＷ５１１１－ＹＺ）を３Ｖ電池で発光させたものであり、この砲弾型LEDを、試料の２ｍｍ下から照射して撮影録画したものである。 In addition, the animation on "YouTube" is close to the 600x spherical lens of the simple microscope of the present invention by using Cybershot DSC-WX200 (trade name) using Sony's high sensitivity back-illuminated image sensor, and the lens magnification and The product of the product with the camera's zoom magnification was changed between 3000 and 30000 times for shooting and recording. The illumination light was obtained by emitting a 5 mm white LED (OSPW 5111-YZ manufactured by OptoSupply with a 3 V battery. The shot-type LED was photographed by irradiating it from 2 mm below the sample.
試料は食品のキムチの汁と貝殻の風化した粉末を水道水で溶いた物や出願人の血液や、納豆などである、これらの試料を約０．５μｍ幅で深さが０．１μｍの溝を１μｍ間隔で透明プラスチック板に対物ミクロメータとして刻んだ、回折格子を一種のスライドガラスとし、そこに試料を塗付して厚さ０．０４ｍｍの低密度ポリエチレンフィルムをカバーガラスとして被せて、それに本発明の顕微鏡の球形レンズを接近させて、前記カメラの開口部をレンズ保持板につけて、ズームアップして撮影した動画である。血液中で小さな丸く見える血小板などが動いていく様子や桿菌が魚のよう動くのや、球菌や酵母菌とおぼしきものが、溶液中でブラウン運動をしながら、自重で落下している（試料を垂直にして撮影した）。 Samples are food Kimchi juice and shell weathered powder dissolved in tap water, applicant's blood, natto etc. These samples are about 0.5 μm wide and 0.1 μm deep Is cut into a transparent plastic plate as an objective micrometer at intervals of 1 μm, a diffraction grating is a kind of slide glass, a sample is applied there, a 0.04 mm thick low density polyethylene film is covered as a cover glass, It is the moving image which was made to zoom up by making the spherical lens of the microscope of this invention approach, attaching the opening part of the said camera to a lens holding plate, and zooming. Small roundish platelets moving in the blood, bacilli moving like fish, cocci and yeast bacteria and so on are falling under their own weight while doing brown exercise in solution (the sample is vertical I photographed it).
この動画で解るように、無染色の微小物体のカラー化は光学レンズによる一種の分光分析の画像ともみなせる。従って、球形レンズ（対物レンズ）と試料の距離を固定して、照明光の波長や強度を変化させ、それに対応した画像を解析すれば無染色の微小物体の物性が解り、細菌である場合はグラム陽性細菌か陰性細菌かが面倒な染色液による処理をしないでも分かる可能性がある。
尚、３０００倍以上の倍率であるから分解能以上の細部は見る事はできないが、色付くので、コントラストが良くなり微小物体の動きが良く分かり、拡大倍率が大きくなる事で空間が拡大される一方、時間は拡大されないので、運動性細菌などの速度が極めて速くモニター上で観察でき、その速度や姿で細菌の種類を特定できる可能性もある。運動性の無い細菌でも発育速度がモニター上で速く観察可能に成り、コロニー形成の量的スピードもモニター上で解るので、細菌検査の公定法の補助的役割を果たす事も可能かとも思う。 As can be understood from this moving image, the coloring of unstained minute objects can be regarded as an image of a kind of spectroscopic analysis by an optical lens. Therefore, if the distance between the spherical lens (objective lens) and the sample is fixed, the wavelength and intensity of the illumination light are changed, and the image corresponding thereto is analyzed, the physical properties of the unstained minute object are understood. Gram-positive or negative bacteria can be seen without the need for cumbersome stain treatment.
It should be noted that although the magnification is 3000 times or more, details beyond the resolution can not be seen, but since it is colored, the contrast is improved, the movement of the minute object is well understood, and the magnification is increased. Because time is not expanded, the speed of motile bacteria etc. can be observed very quickly on the monitor, and there is a possibility that the type of bacteria can be identified by its speed and appearance. Even with non-motile bacteria, the growth rate can be observed quickly on the monitor, and the quantitative speed of colony formation can be determined on the monitor, so it may be possible to play an auxiliary role in the official method of bacterial testing.
尚、無染色の微小物体がカラー化するのは、主にレンズの色収差（軸上色収差と倍率色収差）に起因しているので、球形レンズかカメラの両方か或いは片方だけの色収差でも、無染色の微小物体がカラー化する（微小物体そのものがレンズの様な透明で球形をしている場合も色収差は生じる）。　
３０００倍から３００００倍程度に分解能を超えて拡大すれば輪郭のボケもあるが、それでもそこに、どう言う感じのものがあるのかが、カラー化する事でコントラストが良くなるため認識できるようになる。従って運動性のある細菌などが運動するとレンズとの距離（焦点方向の距離）によって色の色調（トーン）と色相などが変わる事で３次元的に微小物体の動きと、その物体の柔らかさなどが実感できる。 In addition, since coloring of non-stained small objects is mainly caused by the chromatic aberration of the lens (axial chromatic aberration and lateral chromatic aberration), even if the spherical lens and / or only one of the chromatic aberrations of the camera is unstained The minute object of the lens becomes colored (the chromatic aberration also occurs when the minute object itself is transparent and spherical like a lens).
If the image is magnified beyond the resolution by 3000x to 30000x, the outline may be blurred, but it is still possible to recognize what there is something like to say, because the color becomes better to improve the contrast. . Therefore, when moving bacteria and the like move, the color tone (tone) and hue change according to the distance to the lens (distance in the focal direction), so the movement of a minute object in three dimensions and the softness of the object Can feel it.
本発明の簡易顕微鏡は以上のような効果が有り、小学生でも部品さえ揃えてやれば作れるのであるからその価値は教育上、実に好ましいものであると思うし、開発途上国の衛生面での寄与にも期待できる可能性が高い。
　又、肉眼での観察では有名メーカの高価な既存の実習用顕微鏡と比べても視野は狭いが分解能の点では劣らないし、視野の狭さはサブ試料板を簡単に移動できるので極めて広い範囲が観察できる。そして軽量であるため寝て暗視野で観察すると宇宙空間を眺めているような錯覚におちいり、安らかな眠りにつく事ができるので、病気で入院している子供たちにプレゼントしたいと思っているくらいである、従来の顕微鏡では重くて寝てなど、とても観察できないので、この点からも本発明は非常に優れた顕微鏡である。 The simple microscope of the present invention has the above-mentioned effects, and even elementary school students can make parts if they have the same parts, so its value is considered to be very favorable in terms of education and contribution to the hygiene of developing countries. Is also likely to be expected.
Also, in visual observation, the field of view is narrow compared to the expensive existing training microscope of a well-known manufacturer but the resolution is not inferior, and the narrowness of the field of view allows the sub-sample plate to be moved easily. It can be observed. And because it is lightweight, you can fall into the illusion of looking at space when you sleep and observe in the dark field, and you can go to a peaceful sleep, so you want to give gifts to children who are hospitalized for their illness The present invention is a very excellent microscope also from this point of view because it is heavy and can not be observed with a conventional microscope.
本発明の１実施例の側面略図Schematic side view of one embodiment of the present invention 斜光照明による暗視野観察方法の説明図Explanatory drawing of the dark field observation method by oblique light illumination 照明装置を消灯した状態の側面略図Side view of the lamp with the light off 照明装置の一例を示す側面図Side view showing an example of a lighting device 照明装置の一例を示す側面図Side view showing an example of a lighting device 本発明の１実施例の側断面略図Side cross-sectional schematic drawing of one embodiment of the present invention
本発明の詳細について、図面を引用して説明する。 The details of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図１は本発明の一例を示す側面略図である。レンズ保持板２の平面における略中央部にレンズ装着用の孔を開け、直径約１ｍｍの球形レンズ１を装着し、一方の端部には結合用のビス孔を開ける。試料保持板４の平面における中央部に光透過用の開口部１４を形成し、一方の端部には結合用のビス孔を開ける。スライド板７の一方の端部にも結合用のビス孔を開ける。レンズ保持板２と試料保持板４の間、試料保持板４とスライド板７との間であって、ビス孔部にスペーサーを設け、ビスとナットで結合する。 FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an example of the present invention. A hole for mounting the lens is opened at a substantially central portion in a plane of the lens holding plate 2, and the spherical lens 1 having a diameter of about 1 mm is mounted, and a screw hole for connection is opened at one end. An opening 14 for light transmission is formed at a central portion in the plane of the sample holding plate 4 and a screw hole for connection is opened at one end. A screw hole for connection is also made at one end of the slide plate 7. A spacer is provided in the screw hole portion between the lens holding plate 2 and the sample holding plate 4 and between the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7, and they are coupled by a screw and a nut.
レンズ保持板と試料保持板の間に設けるスペーサーは、焦点を合わせるために弾力性のあるゴムなどの軟質材が望ましい。試料保持板とスライド板との間に設けるスペーサーは、間隔を一定に保持するため、木材や金属、樹脂などの硬質材が望ましい。ナット１１を回す事で、スペーサー８が伸縮し、レンズと試料の距離を可変とする事で焦点調整が可能である。尚、この試料保持板とレンズ保持板の間に設けるスペーサーは照明装置が移動できる厚さでなければならないが、金属プレス加工によりスライド板をゼット曲げ加工をする事で薄くできるし、場合によっては無くす事も可能である。 The spacer provided between the lens holding plate and the sample holding plate is preferably a soft material such as elastic rubber for focusing. The spacer provided between the sample holding plate and the slide plate is preferably a hard material such as wood, metal, or resin in order to keep the distance constant. By turning the nut 11, the spacer 8 expands and contracts, and by adjusting the distance between the lens and the sample, focus adjustment is possible. Although the spacer provided between the sample holding plate and the lens holding plate must be thick enough to move the lighting device, it can be made thinner by bending the slide plate by metal pressing, and in some cases it may be eliminated. Is also possible.
照明装置は電球と電池、電極板、板状磁石で構成され、基礎となり底部に配置する板状磁石６の上面であって端部に電球５を取付け、中央部付近に電極板２３を貼り付け、電球の一方の線と電極板２３を接合する。上から貼り合わせる板状磁石２０の底部に電極板２１を貼り付け、電球のもう一方の線と接合する。板状磁石２０と板状磁石６の間に電池を挟むことで、磁力で電極板が電池に密着し電球が点灯する。未使用時は、図３に示すように板状磁石２０を、試料保持板の底面に貼り付けておくことで、電球が消灯する。尚、照明装置は電池を省いて電球と板状磁石だけでも構成できるが、この場合は外部に電池等の電源を用意しなければならないので野外での観察には不便である。 The lighting system consists of a light bulb, a battery, an electrode plate, and a plate-like magnet, and the light bulb 5 is attached to the top and bottom of the plate-like magnet 6 which is the base and disposed at the bottom. , Join one of the lines of the light bulb and the electrode plate 23. The electrode plate 21 is attached to the bottom of the plate-like magnet 20 to be attached from above, and is joined to the other wire of the light bulb. By sandwiching the battery between the plate-like magnet 20 and the plate-like magnet 6, the electrode plate is in close contact with the battery by the magnetic force, and the light bulb is lit. When not in use, the light bulb is extinguished by sticking the plate-like magnet 20 to the bottom surface of the sample holding plate as shown in FIG. In addition, although a lighting device can be comprised only with a light bulb and a plate-like magnet except a battery, in this case, since it is necessary to prepare power supplies, such as a battery, outside, it is inconvenient for observation in the field.
レンズ保持板２、試料保持板４、スライド板７の大きさは、幅約２５ｍｍ×長さ約１００ｍｍ、厚さ約１ｍｍ程度とし、材質は金属が望ましいが、これに限定されるものではなく、試料保持板４、スライド板７には、照明装置の磁石が貼りつくように鉄やＳＵＳ４３０等のステンレスの強磁性体が好ましい。 The size of the lens holding plate 2, the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 is about 25 mm in width × about 100 mm in length and about 1 mm in thickness. The material is preferably metal, but is not limited thereto. The sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 are preferably made of iron, stainless steel such as SUS430, or the like so that the magnet of the lighting device is attached.
照明装置の板状磁石２０は、約３０ｍｍの直径である円形又は矩形とし、板状磁石６は、幅約３０ｍｍ、長さ約５０ｍｍ程度とし、スライド板７の幅より大きくすることで、板状磁石が手で掴み易くなり移動による調整が容易となる。
照明装置の電球には、豆電球や有機ＥＬやＬＥＤ電球などが利用でき、電池にはボタン電池が又、電極板には銅などの導電箔が利用できる。 The plate magnet 20 of the illumination device has a circular or rectangular shape with a diameter of about 30 mm, and the plate magnet 6 has a width of about 30 mm, a length of about 50 mm, and is larger than the width of the slide plate 7. The magnet is easy to grasp by hand and adjustment by movement becomes easy.
For light bulbs of lighting devices, bean light bulbs, organic EL or LED light bulbs can be used, button cells can be used for batteries, and conductive foils such as copper can be used for electrode plates.
図２は斜光照明による暗視野観察方法の説明のための側面略図で、照明装置３０を球形レンズ１の真下から、レンズから離れるようにスライド板７の上をスライドさせていくと、斜光照明になり移動方向の解像度が上がって行き、さらに動かして行くと試料保持板４の開口部１４のふちにより照明光が遮られて、球形レンズ１に直接光が入らなくすることで、徐々に暗くなり目線を照明装置の電球方向に向けて行くと、試料の像の歪みの少ない所があり、そこで試料の形状の暗視野（照明装置の移動位置によっては明視野と暗視野の中間の像）観察ができる。尚、傾ける方向は試料によっても変わる場合がある。例えば、水中に試料を入れて観察する場合などは、水による光の屈折の影響を受けるためである。観察の際は、顕微鏡本体を動かさない場合、目を動かす必要性が生じ目の疲労を伴う。本顕微鏡は極めて軽量で小型であるため、顕微鏡本体を手で持ち、図２に示すように少し傾けて使用すると観察し易くなる。尚、照明装置をスライド板の上をスライドさせる事は本発明の要でもあるが、これは照明装置の発光体の電球を試料保持板４とスライド板７の間を移動させる事を意図としているので、仮に照明装置の板状磁石６を試料保持板４の裏面をスライドさせたとしても本発明の趣旨としては同じ事であり、フラットで厚さの薄いＬＥＤなどの電球があるので、スライド板７をはぶいて、レンズ保持板と試料保持板と板状磁石に電球だけを設けた物を照明装置として試料保持板の裏面に取り付けても本発明は構成できる。 FIG. 2 is a schematic side view for explaining a method of observing a dark field by oblique light illumination. When the illumination device 30 is slid on the slide plate 7 from just under the spherical lens 1 and away from the lens, oblique illumination is obtained. The resolution in the moving direction goes up, and if it moves further, the illumination light is blocked by the edge of the opening 14 of the sample holding plate 4, and it becomes gradually darker by preventing the light from entering the spherical lens 1 directly. When the line of sight is directed toward the light bulb of the illumination device, there is a small distortion of the image of the sample, where the observation of the dark field of the shape of the specimen (an image between bright field and dark field depending on the movement position of the illumination device) observation Can. The tilting direction may change depending on the sample. For example, when a sample is put into water for observation, it is because it is affected by the refraction of light by water. During observation, if the microscope body is not moved, the need to move the eyes arises, which causes eye fatigue. Since the present microscope is extremely lightweight and compact, it is easy to observe by holding the main body of the microscope and using it slightly as shown in FIG. It is to be noted that although it is also essential to the present invention to slide the lighting device on the slide plate, this is intended to move the light bulb of the light emitter of the lighting device between the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 Therefore, even if the plate-like magnet 6 of the lighting apparatus is slid on the back surface of the sample holding plate 4, the present invention is the same in the spirit of the present invention, and there is a flat and thin light bulb such as a thin LED. The present invention can be configured even if the lens holder plate, the sample holder plate, and the plate-like magnet are provided with only the light bulbs by attaching 7 to the back surface of the sample holder plate as an illumination device.
照明装置の実施例として図４に示すように、電球５のプラス側の線を電極板２１に接続しないで、板状磁石２０には電極板２１だけ貼り付け、絶縁シート４１には電極板４２と電極板４３を貼り付け、電池２２のプラス側に粘着剤等にて着脱可能に軽く貼り付けて、電極板４３を電球のプラスの側に接続する事も出来る。 As shown in FIG. 4 as an embodiment of the illumination device, only the electrode plate 21 is attached to the plate-like magnet 20 and the electrode plate 42 is attached to the insulating sheet 41 without connecting the positive side wire of the light bulb 5 to the electrode plate 21. The electrode plate 43 can be connected to the plus side of the light bulb by attaching the electrode plate 43 and attaching lightly and detachably to the plus side of the battery 22 with an adhesive or the like.
又、照明装置は図５に示すように、少し弾力性のある薄いＰＰシート等の絶縁シート５１に電極板５２を貼り付けた物を電池２２の電極面より離して板状磁石６に取り付けておき、板状磁石２０を電池２２の電極面側に吸着させたり、離したりして電極板５２が電池電極に接触したり、離れたりする事で照明光の点灯と消灯をさせる事もできる。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the lighting apparatus is mounted on the plate-like magnet 6 by separating the product obtained by attaching the electrode plate 52 to the insulating sheet 51 such as a thin PP sheet having a little elasticity and separating from the electrode surface of the battery 22. Alternatively, the plate-like magnet 20 can be attracted to or separated from the electrode surface side of the battery 22 and the electrode plate 52 can be brought into contact with or separated from the battery electrode to turn on / off the illumination light.
図６はレンズ保持板１０２と試料保持板１０４との距離を焦点調整ネジ１１１で可変とした物で、更にスライド板１０７と試料保持板１０４の間に照明装置Ｄを設けたものでＤの底部基板の板状磁石６によって移動と固定が容易になり、斜光照明や暗視野照明が可能になる。尚、この図６では前記照明装置Ｄが移動できるように磁石スペーサー１０９と１１９とで試料保持板間に空間を設けたところを図示してある。 FIG. 6 shows that the distance between the lens holding plate 102 and the sample holding plate 104 is made variable by the focus adjustment screw 111, and the illumination device D is further provided between the slide plate 107 and the sample holding plate 104. The plate magnet 6 of the substrate facilitates movement and fixing, and enables oblique light illumination and dark field illumination. In FIG. 6, the space between the sample holding plates is provided by the magnet spacers 109 and 119 so that the lighting device D can move.
この空間部分を形成する方法としてはスライド板１０７を金属プレス等でハット曲げ加工を施せば磁石スペーサーの厚さを薄くできるし、場合によっては使用しなくても充分な空間を確保する事も可能である。 As a method of forming this space portion, if the slide plate 107 is subjected to hat bending processing with a metal press or the like, the thickness of the magnet spacer can be reduced, and in some cases, sufficient space can be secured even without use. It is.
又、前記レンズ保持板１０２と試料保持板１０４とスライド板１０７のサイズは前記図１のレンズ保持板２と試料保持板４とスライド板７とほぼ同じであるが、試料保持板１０４の両端部にＭ３のネジ用のタップが切ってあり、　固定兼回転軸ネジ１１０、焦点調整ネジ１１１がねじ込まれるようになっている。又、レンズ保持板１０２の左側端部にはネジ貫通用の穴だけが開けてあり、右端部には焦点調整ネジ１１１の先端部が当たる部分を少し凹ませてある。又、スライド板１０７の右端部に焦点調整ネジ１１１の貫通用の穴が開けてある。 The sizes of the lens holding plate 102, the sample holding plate 104 and the slide plate 107 are substantially the same as those of the lens holding plate 2, the sample holding plate 4 and the slide plate 7 in FIG. The screw for M3 is tapped, and the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 and the focus adjustment screw 111 are screwed. Further, only a hole for screw penetration is formed at the left end of the lens holding plate 102, and a portion to which the tip of the focus adjustment screw 111 abuts is slightly recessed at the right end. Further, at the right end of the slide plate 107, a hole for penetration of the focus adjustment screw 111 is opened.
焦点調整の仕組みは焦点調整ネジ１１１を右に回すとレンズ保持板１０２が磁石１０８から離れてレンズ１とプレパラート３の間隔が大きくなり、左に回すと逆になる、この時、厚さが約４ｍｍで１辺が２０ｍｍの四辺形あるいは直径が約２０ｍｍの円形で内側の穴が直径約４ｍｍの磁石スペーサー１０８と、厚さ２ｍｍの同形の磁石スペーサー１１８の磁力による吸着力が常に働いている事と、レンズ保持板の焦点調整ネジ１１１（ネジ材質は磁性体が良い）のあたる部分を少し凹ませてある事とネジの磁力によって吸着しているので大きくずれる事はないが、焦点調整ネジ１１１の回転によって磁石スペーサー１０８からレンズ保持板１０２が大きく離れると磁力が弱くなって、水平で観察する場合はそれほど問題にならないが、野外等で垂直にして観察する場合はレンズ保持板１０２が外れてしまう事がある。 When the focus adjustment screw 111 is turned to the right, the lens holding plate 102 moves away from the magnet 108, the distance between the lens 1 and the slide 3 increases, and when it turns to the left, the focus adjustment mechanism is reversed. The adsorption force by the magnetic force of the magnet spacer 108 with a diameter of about 4 mm and the magnet spacer 108 with a thickness of about 2 mm is always working. The focus adjustment screw 111 (the screw material is a magnetic material is good) is slightly concaved in the lens holding plate and attracted by the magnetic force of the screw, so the focus adjustment screw 111 is not largely deviated. When the lens holding plate 102 is largely separated from the magnet spacer 108 due to the rotation of the lens, the magnetic force is weakened, which is not a problem when observing in a horizontal direction, When observing in the vertical may be lens-holding plate 102 deviates.
そこで、図６のように弾力性のあるゴムや発泡ウレタンなどの軟質材から成るスペーサー１１７と磁石スペーサー１１８とを重ねて用いる。こうする事で、ネジ１１０を締めると、その力が焦点調整ネジ１１１の先端部に加わって、垂直にして観察してもレンズ保持板１０２が外れる事が無くなり、固定兼回転軸ネジ１１０が焦点の微小調整の働きもするようになる。尚、磁石１１８の磁力を強い物にするとスペーサー１１７は必ずしも必要では無くなるが、固定兼回転軸ネジ１１０が焦点の微小調整の役目をしなくなる。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, a spacer 117 made of a soft material such as elastic rubber or urethane foam and a magnet spacer 118 are used in an overlapping manner. In this way, when the screw 110 is tightened, the force is applied to the tip of the focus adjustment screw 111 and the lens holding plate 102 is not detached even when observed vertically, and the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 is focused Will also work as a minor adjustment. When the magnetic force of the magnet 118 is made strong, the spacer 117 is not always necessary, but the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 does not play a role of fine adjustment of the focal point.
又、図６の固定兼回転軸ネジ１１０は試料保持板１０４にタップが切ってあるネジ穴を通過するがスライド板１０７には達しない長さとする事で、前記スライド板は焦点調整ネジ１１１を軸として回転させて照明装置Ｄやその中のボタン電池などを楽に取り出す事ができるし、レンズ保持板１０２は固定兼回転軸ネジ１１０を軸として回転させて、サブ試料保持板１０３を容易に交換でき、戻すときは磁石スペーサー１０８の磁力と、１０２の凹み部分で、しっかりと吸着固定される。 Further, the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 in FIG. 6 has a length that passes through a screw hole tapped on the sample holding plate 104 but does not reach the slide plate 107, so that the slide plate can adjust the focus adjustment screw 111. The illumination device D and the button battery in it can be taken out easily by rotating it as an axis, and the lens holding plate 102 is rotated about the fixed and rotary shaft screw 110 to easily replace the sub sample holding plate 103. At the time of return, the magnetic force of the magnet spacer 108 and the recessed portion 102 firmly fix by suction.
又、この図６の実施例では厚さ１ｍｍで直径約３０ｍｍの円形の板状磁石に直径約１０ｍｍの中穴を開けたサブ試料保持板１０３を介して試料３を試料保持板１０４に載せる事によって、サブ試料保持板１０３を移動させる事で試料３の観察範囲を広げる事ができる、この方法は実施例１にも適用できる。
　尚、この実施例の物のレンズ保持板１０２、試料保持板１０４、スライド板１０７の材質は少なくとも磁石が吸着する部分に関しては強磁性体の鉄やＳＵＳ４３０等のステンレスにする事が望ましい。 In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the sample 3 is mounted on the sample holding plate 104 through the sub-sample holding plate 103 having a diameter of about 10 mm in a circular plate-like magnet having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of about 30 mm. Thus, the observation range of the sample 3 can be expanded by moving the sub sample holding plate 103. This method is also applicable to the first embodiment.
The material of the lens holding plate 102, the sample holding plate 104 and the slide plate 107 in this embodiment is preferably ferromagnetic iron or stainless steel such as SUS430 at least in the portion where the magnet adsorbs.
　本発明の簡易顕微鏡は工業的に大量生産が可能で廉価で提供できるので学校教材用として最適である。
そして、何といっても最大の可能性は外形だけで細部は回折限界のため分からないが、細菌１個の動きを電子顕微鏡並みの大きさで生きたまま観察可能なので、細菌の分裂や、接合の瞬間を目で直接観察可能になり、細菌の同定などが色により可能に成り、従来の長時間の細菌の公定法での培養法の短時間化の補助的役目が期待できる。 The simple microscope of the present invention can be mass-produced industrially and can be provided inexpensively, so it is most suitable for school teaching materials.
And the biggest possibility is the outline only and the details are unknown because of the diffraction limit, but it is possible to observe the movement of one bacteria with the size of an electron microscope, so it is possible to divide and join the bacteria. It is possible to directly observe the moment of eye by eye, the identification of bacteria, etc. becomes possible by the color, and it can be expected to play an auxiliary role in shortening the conventional culture method of bacteria in the official method.
１　球形レンズ
２　レンズ保持板
３　試料（試料載置板を図示した）
４　試料保持板
５　電球
６　板状磁石
７　スライド板
８　スペーサー
９　スペーサー
１０　ビス
１１　ナット
１４　開口部
２０　板状磁石
２１　電極板
２２　電池
２３　電極板
３０　照明装置全体
４１　絶縁シート
４２　電極板
４３　電極板
Ａ，Ｂ　人の目
Ｃ　目線の仮想線
Ｄ　照明装置
５１　絶縁シート
５２　電極板
１０２　レンズ保持板
１０３　サブ試料保持板
１０４　試料保持板
１０７　スライド板
１０８　磁石スペーサー
１０９　磁石スペーサー
１１０　固定兼回転軸ネジ
１１１　焦点調整ネジ       
１１７　スペーサー（軟質材）
１１８　磁石スペーサー
１１９　磁石スペーサー 1 spherical lens 2 lens holding plate 3 sample (sample mounting plate illustrated)
4 specimen holding plate 5 light bulb 6 plate-like magnet 7 slide plate 8 spacer 9 spacer 10 screw 11 nut 14 opening 20 plate-like magnet 21 electrode plate 22 battery 23 electrode plate 30 entire lighting device 41 insulation sheet 42 electrode plate 43 electrode plate A , B person's eye C virtual line of sight D illumination device 51 insulation sheet 52 electrode plate 102 lens holding plate 103 sub sample holding plate 104 sample holding plate 107 slide plate 108 magnet spacer 109 magnet spacer 110 fixed and rotating shaft screw 111 focus adjustment screw
117 Spacer (soft material)
118 Magnet Spacer 119 Magnet Spacer

Claims (11)

  1. 球形のレンズを保持したレンズ保持板と、光透過用の開口部が形成してあって試料を保持するところの試料保持板とを有し、試料保持板裏面に照明装置を磁力によってスライド可能状態で吸着固定し、前記レンズ保持板の球形レンズと前記試料保持板の試料との距離を調整可能な状態で前記レンズ保持板と前記試料保持板とをスペーサーを介して着脱可能状態で結合させた事を特徴とする簡易顕微鏡。 A lens holding plate holding a spherical lens, and a sample holding plate which has an opening for light transmission to hold a sample, and the illumination device can be slid by the magnetic force on the back side of the sample holding plate The lens holding plate and the sample holding plate are detachably coupled to each other via a spacer in a state where the distance between the spherical lens of the lens holding plate and the sample of the sample holding plate can be adjusted. Simple microscope characterized by things.
  2. 球形のレンズを保持したレンズ保持板と、光透過用の開口部が形成してあって試料を保持するところの試料保持板とスライド板とを有し、前記レンズ保持板の球形レンズと前記試料保持板の試料との距離が調整可能な状態で前記レンズ保持板と前記試料保持板を着脱可能状態でスペーサーを介して結合し、試料保持板とスライド板間には照明装置が移動できる空間を持たせてスペーサーを介して着脱可能状態で結合し、前記照明装置をスライド板上に磁力によってスライド可能状態で吸着固定した事を特徴とする簡易顕微鏡。 A lens holding plate holding a spherical lens, and a sample holding plate and a slide plate which are provided with an opening for light transmission to hold a sample, and the spherical lens of the lens holding plate and the sample The lens holding plate and the sample holding plate are detachably coupled to each other via a spacer in a state in which the distance between the holding plate and the sample can be adjusted, and a space in which the lighting device can move is made between the sample holding plate and the slide plate. The simplified microscope is characterized in that it is held and coupled in a removable state via a spacer, and the illumination device is adsorbed and fixed on a slide plate in a slidable state by a magnetic force.
  3. 照明装置の電球の点灯と消灯を永久磁石の磁力によって電極板を電池の電極に密着させるか、離すかによって行う事を特徴とする請求項１から２いずれか１項に記載の簡易顕微鏡。 The simplified microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein lighting and extinguishing of the light bulb of the lighting device are performed by bringing the electrode plate into close contact with the electrode of the battery by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet or separating it.
  4. 前記スペーサーの材質を磁石にした請求項１から３いずれか１項に記載の簡易顕微鏡。 The simplified microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a material of the spacer is a magnet.
  5. 試料保持板の開口部にサブ試料保持板を設けた事を特徴とする請求項１から４いずれか１項に記載の簡易顕微鏡。 The simplified sample microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a sub-sample holding plate is provided at the opening of the sample holding plate.
  6. 前記サブ試料保持板の開口部に透明な板状の回折格子を試料載置板として設けた事を特徴とする請求項１から５いずれか１項記載の簡易顕微鏡。 The simplified microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a transparent plate-like diffraction grating is provided as a sample mounting plate at an opening of the sub-sample holding plate.
  7. 照明装置をスライドさせて、レンズから離して行き、目線を変える事で、可能な範囲内で観測者の望む暗さで試料を観察できる事を特徴とする請求項１から６いずれか１項に記載の簡易顕微鏡を用いた暗視野観察の方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that by sliding the illumination device, moving it away from the lens, and changing the line of sight, it is possible to observe the sample in the darkness desired by the observer within the possible range. Method of dark field observation using a simple microscope as described.
  8. 本発明の簡易顕微鏡のレンズ保持板の球形レンズの部分に高感度なイメージセンサー搭載のデジタル式カメラの開口部を近付けて撮影録画する場合に於いて、前記球形レンズの倍率とカメラのズーム倍率との積を３０００倍以上３００００倍以内にして色収差を利用する事で観察試料の微小物体の拡大画像をカラー画像で視認する事を特徴とする簡易顕微鏡を用いた撮影録画方法。 In the case where the aperture of a digital camera equipped with a high sensitivity image sensor is placed close to the spherical lens portion of the lens holding plate of the simplified microscope of the present invention for photographing and recording, the magnification of the spherical lens and the zoom magnification of the camera An imaging and recording method using a simple microscope characterized in that a magnified image of a minute object of an observation sample is visually recognized as a color image by making the product of the magnification of 3000 times or more and 30000 times or less and using chromatic aberration.
  9. 球形レンズの倍率を１００倍以上１０００倍以内にしたことを特徴とする請求項８記載の簡易顕微鏡を用いた撮影録画方法。 9. A photographing and recording method using the simplified microscope according to claim 8, wherein the magnification of the spherical lens is set to 100 times or more and 1000 times or less.
  10. 高感度なイメージセンサーが裏面照射型ＣＭＯＳであることを特徴とする請求項８記載の簡易顕微鏡を用いた撮影録画方法。 9. A photographing and recording method using the simplified microscope according to claim 8, wherein the high sensitivity image sensor is a back illuminated CMOS.
  11. 試料を回折格子に塗付して透過照明光による球形レンズ１個から成る単式顕微鏡でのデジタル式カメラによる撮影録画に於いて、球形レンズの倍率を１００倍以上１０００倍以内にして、前記球形レンズの倍率と前記カメラのズーム倍率の積を３０００倍以上３００００倍以内にして、色収差を利用する事で微小観察物体の拡大画像をカラー画像で視認する事を特徴の簡易顕微鏡を用いた撮影録画方法。 A sample is applied to a diffraction grating and the photographing and recording by a digital camera with a single type microscope consisting of one spherical lens by transmitted illumination light, wherein the magnification of the spherical lens is 100 times or more and within 1000 times, the spherical lens The product of the magnification of the camera and the zoom magnification of the camera is 3000 times or more and 30000 times or less and the chromatic image is used to visually recognize the magnified image of the minute observation object as a color image. .
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