WO2015032116A1 - 潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟 - Google Patents

潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015032116A1
WO2015032116A1 PCT/CN2013/085987 CN2013085987W WO2015032116A1 WO 2015032116 A1 WO2015032116 A1 WO 2015032116A1 CN 2013085987 W CN2013085987 W CN 2013085987W WO 2015032116 A1 WO2015032116 A1 WO 2015032116A1
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layer
ditch
filter layer
submerged
stones
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PCT/CN2013/085987
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩秋华
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Han Qiuhua
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Publication of WO2015032116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015032116A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to an agricultural production water supply and drainage regulation system, and more particularly to a submerged layer farmland high-yield permanent drainage ditch.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a permanent drainage ditch with a long-lasting drainage capacity, which can solve the problem that the water flow is smooth, the groundwater level is effectively reduced, the construction is convenient, the time-saving and labor-saving and the durable and durable.
  • a latent layer farmland high-yield permanent drainage ditch comprising, in order from top to bottom, an isolation layer, a first filtration layer, a second filtration layer, a third filtration layer, the separation layer being composed of straw or straw,
  • the first filter layer is composed of pebbles
  • the second filter layer is composed of pebbles or medium stones
  • the third filter layer is composed of boulder
  • the separation layer is covered with a soil tillage layer
  • a bracket is disposed between the three filter layers and the bottom of the groove, and a water flow groove for water flow is formed between the bracket and the bottom of the groove, and the bracket is provided with a plurality of flowing water gaps or holes.
  • the bracket is composed of two pieces of nine-five bricks which are cut off at a relative position by a corner, and the slits are butted, placed at the bottom of the groove and formed into a triangular cavity with the bottom, and the nine-five brick group and the group are placed side by side.
  • the surface layer of the bracket Description
  • the isolation layer has a thickness of 30-50 mm
  • the first filter layer has a thickness of 100-150 mm
  • the second filter layer has a thickness of 150-200 mm
  • the third filter layer has a thickness of 300-350 mm.
  • the drainage ditch is arranged in a crisscrossing manner, the width of the drainage ditch is 250 mm, the distance between the main longitudinal drainage ditch bodies is 40 m to 100 m, and the distance between each lateral ditch is 40 m to 80 m.
  • the drainage ditch is provided with a water outlet and a water inlet at a joint with the canal, the estuary and each of the fields, and the drainage ditch in the adjacent field is connected by the respective water outlet and the water inlet o
  • the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel is arched.
  • the gap width of the bracket is smaller than the diameter of the pebbles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a permanent drainage ditch of a submerged layer farmland of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1
  • the present invention discloses a submerged farmland high-yield permanent drainage ditch, which comprises an isolation layer 1 , a first filtration layer 2 , a second filtration layer 3 , and a third filtration layer 4 .
  • the separation layer 1 is composed of straw or straw and has a thickness of 30-50 mm.
  • the layer mainly serves to filter sediment and impurities.
  • the first filter layer 2 is composed of pebbles or large pieces of seeds, thickness.
  • the first filter layer 3 is composed of a medium stone or a one-inch stone, 150-350 mm
  • the third filter layer 4 is composed of a pebbles or a large stone or a goose-sized stone.
  • the wall broken brick and the demolition cement pavement broken block are composed of broken stones, and the thickness thereof is 300-350mm.
  • the water flowing into the bottom of the ditch has less sand and flows smoothly, and the above-mentioned separating layer and the filtering layer are The thickness can also be adjusted according to the appropriate conditions, scientifically and flexibly.
  • a bracket 5 is disposed between the third filter layer 4 and the bottom of the groove, and the bracket 5 is provided with a plurality of vertically flowing water gaps or holes, the gap width is smaller than the diameter of the boulder, and the bracket 5 and the bottom of the groove Form a space for water to flow.
  • the bracket 5 is composed of two pieces of nine-five bricks which are cut off at a relative position by a corner, and the slits are butted, placed at the bottom of the groove and formed into a triangular cavity with the bottom of the groove, and the nine-five brick group and the group are placed side by side. And forming a flow channel with a triangular cross section at the bottom of the groove, the upper surface of the bracket 5 is covered by the boulder of the third filter layer, and a gap smaller than the diameter of the large stone is left between the group of the five-five bricks and the group.
  • the bracket 5 can also be made of other corrosion-resistant materials, and its cross-sectional shape can also be described as other shapes that are not triangular, such as arched.
  • the isolation layer 1 is covered with the soil tillage layer 6.
  • the permanent drainage ditch of the latent layer farmland of the present invention is completely covered by the soil tillage layer 6, and does not occupy the cultivated land area.
  • the water inlet and the water outlet of the drainage ditch can be determined according to the channel, the distribution of the river, and the height of the terrain.
  • the drainage channel is provided with a lifting gate at the junction with the channel, the river and each field with a large gap. Adjust the water flow to meet the growth needs of each field crop.
  • the drainage ditch in the adjacent field is connected by the respective water outlet and water inlet, and the lifting or rotating gate is used to adjust the water level, so that the management science is flexible and convenient.
  • the width of the main body 1 of the gutter is between 220 and 400 mm, and may be increased or decreased according to actual needs, and is preferably 250 mm. If the width is too wide, the weight of the load of the tractor and the like may be pressed against the groove, causing the ditch. Physical damage.
  • the drainage ditch is arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction in the farmland, and the distance between each vertical drainage ditch is between 40 meters and 100 meters, and the distance between the horizontal grooves is 40 meters to 80 meters, and the spacing is too large to affect the adjustment effect, and too small will increase the ditch. Unnecessary waste of construction work can be adjusted according to local steam conditions.

Abstract

一种潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟,由上至下依次排列包括有隔离层(1),第一过滤层(2),第二过滤层(3),第三过滤层(4),隔离层(1)由稻草或秸秆构成,第一过滤层(2)由小石子构成,第二过滤层(3)由小石子或中石子构成,第三过滤层(4)由大石子构成,隔离层(2)上覆盖土壤耕作层(6),在第三过滤层(4)与沟底部之间设置支架(5),支架(5)与沟底部之间形成可供水流动的流水沟,支架(5)分布多条上下通透的流水缝隙或孔洞。

Description

说 明 书
潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种农业生产给排水调节系统,更具体的是一种 潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟。
背景技术
目前农业种植如水稻种植过程中, 农田插秧种植水稻, 需要插秧 时每季留好行距 (留沟距), 或中途拔苗移株后, 再进行挖沟移土来 达到作物生长的排水搁田, 扎根壮株发育的需要, 同时这几项工作反 复常用作业, 费时费力效率低, 失误农时且导致农产品产量低下。 且 由于农田排水系统不能及时降低地上、地下水位、增加地下空气流通、 促进作物根系旺盛发达, 使农作物抗病虫害及倒伏性不足, 业界急需 一种既能起到良好的给排水功能, 又不耽误农时的给排水调节系统。 实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种排水能力持久, 解决水流顺畅、高 效降低地上、 地下水位, 建造方便, 省时省力且坚固耐用的潜层式农 田丰产永久性排水沟。
为实现上述目的, 本实用新型采取以下技术方案:
一种潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟,由上至下依次排列包括有隔 离层, 第一过滤层, 第二过滤层, 第三过滤层, 所述隔离层由稻草或 秸秆构成, 所述第一过滤层由小石子构成, 所述第二过滤层由小石子 或中石子构成, 所述第三过滤层由大石子构成, 所述隔离层上覆盖土 壤耕作层, 其中, 在所述第三过滤层与沟底部之间设置支架, 所述支 架与沟底部间形成可供水流动的流水沟,所述支架分布多条上下通透 的流水缝隙或孔洞。
其中, 所述支架由两块在相对位置切掉一个转角的九五砖为一 组, 将其切口对接, 置于沟底并与底部组成三角空腔, 所述九五砖组 与组并列放置, 在沟底形成断面为三角形的流水沟, 所述支架上表层 说 明 书
被第三过滤层的大石子或大石块覆盖。
其中, 所述隔离层厚度为 30-50mm, 所述第一过滤层厚度为 100-150mm , 第二过滤层厚度为 150-200mm, 第三过滤层厚度为 300-350mm。
其中, 所述排水沟纵横交错布置, 所述排水沟的宽度为 250mm, 各纵向排水沟主体间距为 40米至 100米, 各横沟间距为 40米至 80 米。
其中, 所述排水沟在与渠口、河口及每个田块间的连接处均设置 出水口、 入水口, 相邻田块中的排水沟由各自的出水口、 入水口相连 o
其中, 所述流水沟的断面形状为拱形。
其中, 所述支架的缝隙宽度小于大石子直径。
本实用新型有以下有益效果:
1、 及时降低地上、 地下水位, 增加地下空气流通, 促进作物根 系更向土壤深处扎根, 使根系粗壮旺盛发达, 农作物抗病虫害及抗倒 伏性增强, 能使水流顺畅、 快速, 根据作物需要及时高效调节地上、 地下水位, 确保各种作物生长时需要, 稳产、 高产丰收, 建造简单、 方便、 农民一看会、 建沟成本低等特点。
2、 由于所用材料设计选择防锈、 防腐烂的砖或石块构成, 无需 年年建构, 不误农时, 农民几代人受益。
3、 不占用农田面积, 更能扩大种植面积, 方便农业机械化操作, 适合大农业现代化的发展。
4、 由于是潜层排水, 农田种植表层化肥、 农药有毒污染水不直 接排放到河流、 湖泊, 使农田土壤不容易流失, 河床不会抬高, 能净 化水质, 使水质清澈, 绿色环保, 饮用水更安全, 对人类身体健康永 久有益。
5、 适应我国广大农村地区, 建造方便、 简单, 易就地取材。 说 明 书
附图说明
图 1 是本实用新型的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟的结构示意 图
图 2是图 1的 A-A截面剖视图
图中: 1-隔离层 2-第一过滤层 3-第二过滤层 4-第三过滤层 5- 支架 6-土壤耕作层
具体实施方式
请参照图 1、 图 2所示, 为本实用新型的潜层式农田丰产永久性 排水沟, 包括有隔离层 1, 第一过滤层 2, 第二过滤层 3, 第三过滤 层 4, 所述隔离层 1由稻草或秸秆构成, 其厚度为 30-50mm, 该层主 要起到对泥沙及杂质的过滤作用,所述第一过滤层 2由小石子或瓜子 大的石片构成, 厚度为 100-150mm, 所述第二过滤层 3 由中石子或 一寸大小的石子构成, 150-350mm, 所述第三过滤层 4由大石子或大 石片或鹅蛋大小的石子构成,也可用拆墙断砖和拆除水泥路面断块打 碎石块构成, 其厚度为 300-350mm, 通过三层过滤, 使进入沟底的 水流含沙量较少, 流动较顺畅, 上述隔离层与过滤层的厚度也可以根 据应地之宜, 科学适当灵活调整。在所述第三过滤层 4与沟底部之间 设置支架 5, 所述支架 5分布多条上下通透的流水缝隙或孔洞, 所述 缝隙宽度小于大石子的直径,所述支架 5与沟底部间形成可供水流动 的空间。 所述支架 5 由两块在相对位置切掉一个转角的九五砖为一 组, 将其切口对接, 置于沟底并与沟底部组成三角形空腔, 所述九五 砖组与组并列放置, 与沟底形成断面为三角形的流水沟, 所述支架 5 上表层被第三过滤层的大石子覆盖,九五砖组与组间留有小于大石子 直径的间隙。所述支架 5也可使用其他耐腐蚀材料制成, 其断面形状 也可谓不是三角形的其他形状, 如拱形。所述隔离层 1上覆盖土壤耕 作层 6, 本实用新型的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟完全被土壤耕作 层 6覆盖, 不占用耕地面积。 说 明 书
所述排水沟的入水口、 出水口可以按渠道、 河流分布、 及地势高 低确定, 所述排水沟在与渠口、河流及每个落差大的田块间连接处均 设置升降式闸门, 来调节水流量, 满足各田块作物生长需要, 相邻田 块中的排水沟由各自的出水口、入水口相连通, 并设置升降式或转动 式闸门调节水位, 做到管理科学, 灵活方便。
具体实施时排水沟主体 1的宽度在 220-400mm之间, 也可根据 实际需要增减, 以 250mm为宜, 过宽会导致拖拉机等耕作机器单个 轮胎重量荷载合部压着沟体, 引起沟体损害。所述排水沟在农田中纵 横交错布置, 各纵向排水沟的间距在 40米至 100米之间, 各横沟间 距为 40米至 80米, 间距过大会影响调节效果, 过小会增加建沟施工 工程量不必要的浪费, 可以根据各地汽候条件作适当调整。建沟时间 最好选择在秋季水稻收割后, 夏季麦田未翻前开始建造, 因为此时地 下水位较低, 较易保证施工质量。 使用时, 地面上过多的水分经由农 田耕作层 6层层渗透, 到达第三过滤层 4, 再通过支架 5的缝隙进入 沟底与支架 5形成的水道中并流至下游排出, 水位不足时, 还可通过 水道导入灌溉用水。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 由上至下依次排列包括有隔离层, 第一 过滤层, 第二过滤层, 第三过滤层, 所述隔离层由稻草或秸秆构成, 所述第一过 滤层由小石子构成,所述第二过滤层由小石子或中石子构成, 所述第三过滤层由 大石子构成, 所述隔离层上覆盖土壤耕作层, 其特征在于, 在所述第三过滤层与 沟底部之间设置支架,所述支架与沟底部间形成可供水流动的流水沟, 所述支架 分布多条上下通透的流水缝隙或孔洞。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的一种潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 其特征在于, 所述 支架由两块在相对位置切掉一个转角的九五砖为一组, 将其切口对接, 置于沟底 并与底部组成三角空腔,所述九五砖组与组并列放置,在沟底形成断面为三角形 的流水沟, 所述支架上表层被第三过滤层覆盖。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 其特征在于, 所述隔离 层厚度为 30- 50 所述第一过滤层厚度为 100- 150 第二过滤层厚度为 150-200mm, 第三过滤层厚度为 300_350mm。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 其特征在于, 所述排水 沟纵横交错布置, 所述排水沟的宽度为 250mm, 各纵向排水沟主体间距为 40米 至 100米, 各横沟间距为 40米至 80米。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 其特征在于, 所述排水 沟在与渠口、河口及每个田块间的连接处均设置出水口、入水口, 相邻田块中的 排水沟由各自的出水口、 入水口相连通。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟, 其特征在于, 所述流水 沟的断面形状为拱形。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性水沟, 其特征在于, 所述支架的 缝隙宽度小于第三层过滤层的石子直径。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的潜层式农田丰产永久性水沟, 其特征在于, 第三层过滤 层的石子是拆墙断砖和拆除水泥路面断块打碎的石块。
PCT/CN2013/085987 2013-09-04 2013-10-25 潜层式农田丰产永久性排水沟 WO2015032116A1 (zh)

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CN104689636A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2015-06-10 赖卫华 一种过滤池
CN105850553A (zh) * 2016-04-09 2016-08-17 成都易禧科技管理发展有限公司 一种绿色仿天然的填埋法管道型智能供水供肥的过滤式开荒种植的装置系统和安装使用方法
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