WO2015028699A1 - Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux - Google Patents

Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015028699A1
WO2015028699A1 PCT/FI2013/050827 FI2013050827W WO2015028699A1 WO 2015028699 A1 WO2015028699 A1 WO 2015028699A1 FI 2013050827 W FI2013050827 W FI 2013050827W WO 2015028699 A1 WO2015028699 A1 WO 2015028699A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
extruded profile
panels
information
identity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2013/050827
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Antti MÄKELÄ
Original Assignee
Upm-Kymmene Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Upm-Kymmene Corporation filed Critical Upm-Kymmene Corporation
Priority to PCT/FI2013/050827 priority Critical patent/WO2015028699A1/fr
Priority to DE212013000309.9U priority patent/DE212013000309U1/de
Publication of WO2015028699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015028699A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/04—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to extruded profiles.
  • the invention relates to near field communication (NFC) tags.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing extruded profiles.
  • the invention relates to a method for marking extruded profiles.
  • the invention further relates to a method for retrieving information associated with a panel, such as an extruded profile.
  • the invention further relates to a method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels, such as an extruded profiles.
  • the invention relates to a method for associating information with a panel, such as an extruded profile.
  • the invention relates to a data structure comprising information on panels, such as extruded profiles.
  • Extruded profiles are widely used in construction and in vehicles. They may be used e.g. for flooring, walls, or ceilings of a building or a vehicle, or for other objects such as tables, bulletin boards and various decks. Such extruded profiles may be used as decking boards. Some decking boards are made by extrusion. Extruded profiles are identified by observing the boards themselves. Information, such as the quality of the board, is obtained by this observation. Information obtained in this way is relatively limited. Also information on panels in general can be obtained by visual observation. Information obtained in this way is relatively limited. Moreover, information related to multiple objects, such as panels in general or extruded profiles, is relatively slowly achieved.
  • a purpose of the present application is to provide an extruded profile, from which information can be easily read.
  • the information may be used as such, or the infornnation can be used as a reference, such as an identity, for another database, to obtain further infornnation.
  • an extruded profile is disclosed.
  • the extruded profile extends in a longitudinal direction and comprises
  • NFC near field communication
  • the NFC tag can be arranged in a groove of the profile.
  • the shape of the groove can be designed to improve the readability of the tag.
  • the NFC tag is covered by an object.
  • a method for manufacturing an extruded profile comprises
  • NFC NFC
  • a method for marking an extruded profile comprises
  • a method for retrieving information associated with a first extruded profile comprising
  • NFC near field communication
  • information related to a single panel information related to multiple panels, such as at least two panels, such as a set of panels, can be retrieved. Such information can be used e.g. in warehouse and transportation management.
  • a method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels has been disclosed. In the method,
  • the set of panels comprises at least a first panel and a second panel
  • the first panel comprises a first near field communication (NFC) tag
  • the second panel comprises a second near field communication (NFC) tag.
  • the method comprises
  • At least two panels of the set are located close to each other.
  • a method for associating information with an extruded profile comprises
  • the information may comprise, e.g. an indication that a data structure for a set of panel or a set of panel identities is to be generated; an later on alternatively to generation, an indication that a data structure for a set of panel or a set of panel identities is to be updated.
  • a method for associating information with a panel comprises
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises at least an indication that a data structure for a set of panel or a set of panel identities is to be generated, and
  • a computer program may be used for the purpose, and delivered as a computer program product.
  • the computer program product comprises computer program code embodied on a computer readable medium, wherein said computer program code is, when executed on a processor, arranged the computer to perform
  • the computer program product may be used on a computer.
  • a computer is arranged to perform at least one of
  • the data structure comprises
  • a database for use in the method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels has been disclosed.
  • the database is arranged to receive information comprising
  • Fig. 1 a shows an extruded profile in a perspective view
  • Fig. 1 b shows a near field communication (NFC) tag in a top view and a reader device
  • Fig. 1 c shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 1 d shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 1 e shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 1f shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 19 shows a panel in perspective view
  • Fig. 1 h1 shows a pile of panels
  • Fig. 1 h2 shows a pile of panels
  • Fig. 1 i shows an arrangement comprising two extruded profiles
  • Fig. 1j shows an arrangement comprising two panels
  • Fig. 2a shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 2b shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 2c shows an edge of an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 2d shows two edges of a extruded profiles in an end view and a connection element in between the edges
  • Fig. 2e shows two edges of a extruded profiles in an end view and a connection element
  • Fig. 2f shows a structure comprising two extruded profiles in a perspective view
  • Fig. 2g shows a structure comprising two extruded profiles in an end view, and a reader/writer device
  • Fig. 3a shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 3b shows an extruded profile in a top view
  • Fig. 4a shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 4b shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 4c shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 4d shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 4e shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 4f shows an extruded profile in an end view
  • Fig. 5a shows a method for retrieving information associated with a panel, such as an extruded profile
  • Fig. 5b shows a method for retrieving information associated with a panel, such as an extruded profile
  • Fig. 5c shows a method for retrieving information associated with a panel, such as an extruded profile
  • Fig. 6a shows a method for associating information with a panel, such as an extruded profile
  • Fig. 6b shows a method for associating information with a panel, such as an extruded profile
  • Fig. 7a shows, in an end view, a set of panels
  • Fig. 7b shows a method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels
  • Fig. 7c shows a method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels
  • Fig. 7d shows a method for retrieving information associated with a set of panels
  • Fig. 8a shows a method for associating information with a set of panels
  • Fig. 8b shows a method for associating information with a set of panels
  • Fig. 8c shows a method for associating information with a set of panels.
  • Fig. 1 a shows an extruded profile 100.
  • the extruded profile 100 extends in a longitudinal direction parallel to its length L.
  • the extruded profile 100 comprises a first surface 1 10 and a second surface 1 12 located within a thickness T from each other.
  • the profile further comprises a first edge 120 and a second edge 122 located within a width W from each other.
  • the first surface 1 10 and the first edge 120 are arranged such that a boundary of the first surface 1 10 comprises a boundary of the first edge 120.
  • the first surface 1 10 may be planar or essentially planar.
  • the first surface may be essentially planar such that the surface 1 10 is planar, except for small grooves or other patterns.
  • the boundary e.g. near the edge 120 may be rounded, whereby the essentially planar surface may slightly curve near the boundary.
  • Such an essentially planar surface defines a plane of the surface.
  • a planar surface is essentially planar.
  • the first surface 1 10 may be arranged on an installation side of the extruded profile 100.
  • the installation side has preferably good strength properties without visible defects.
  • the installation side is typically visible in a structure comprising the extruded panel.
  • the second surface 1 12 may be arranged on a second side.
  • the second side has preferably a structure that is compatible with a fastening member of the profile 100 in order to achieve good fastening of the profile. Therefore, there are advantageously different structures on the first surface 1 10 and the second surface 1 12.
  • the width W of the extruded profile 100 is preferably at least 50 mm, such as at least 100 mm, such as at least 1 10 mm.
  • the width W of the extruded profile 100 is preferably at most 400 mm, such as at most 300 mm, such as at most 250 mm. the width may be e.g. from 50 mm to 400 mm, from 100 mm to 300 mm, or from 1 10 mm to 250 mm. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the width W of the extruded profile is 12 cm.
  • the thickness T of the extruded profile 100 is preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 15 mm or at least 18 mm.
  • the thickness T of the extruded profile 100 is preferably at most 35 mm or at most 30 mm or preferably at most 28 mm. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thickness T of the extruded profile is between 10 mm and 35 mm, such as between 15 mm and 30 mm, such as between 18 mm and 28 mm, for example 28 mm.
  • the length L of the extruded profile 100 is preferably at least 1 .5 m, at least 2 m, or at least 2.5 m. In some embodiment the length is at most 10 m, and in some of these embodiments at most 7 m. The length may be e.g. from 1 .5 m to 10 m, such as from 2 m to 7 m, such as from 2.5 m to 5 m.
  • the density of the extruded profile 100 is preferably between 650 kg/m 3 and 830 kg/m 3 , more preferably between 680 kg/m 3 and 800 kg/m 3 .
  • the extruded profile 100 is manufactured in such a way that the length-specific weight of the extruded profile is between 2.2 kg/m and 2.8 kg/m, preferably between 2.3 kg/m and 2.7 kg/m.
  • the length-specific weight of a profile having the density p, thickness T and width W is the product pTW.
  • the extruded profile comprises thermoplastic polymer material.
  • the profile can later be marked by melting the thermoplastic polymer.
  • the melting point of the thermoplastic material is at most 200 °C; at most 180 °C; or at most 160 °C.
  • the composite material comprises natural fibers, the fibrous material does not burn or darken at the melting point. Therefore such melting temperatures allow for deforming the composite without thermally degrading the fibrous material.
  • a low melting point has also the technical advantage that reforming the composite can be done with lower energy and cheaper thermal insulators.
  • the melting point of the thermoplastic material is at least 60 °C; at least 80 °C; at least 100 °C; or at least 120 °C.
  • the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer may be e.g. from 60 °C to 200 °C; from 90 °C to 180 °C; or from 120 °C to 160 °C.
  • the extruded profile 100 advantageously comprises natural fiber plastic composite.
  • extruded profile 100 comprises plastic matrix material, and natural fibrous material admixed with the matrix.
  • the plastic part of the composite preferably comprises or consists of thermoplastic polymer.
  • the profile 100 may comprise cellulose fiber plastic composite, such as wood plastic composite.
  • the cellulose fibers can come from any plant material that contains cellulose, for example wood material .
  • the wood material can be from softwood trees, such as spruce, pine, fir, larch, douglas-fir or hemlock, or from hardwood trees, such as birch, aspen, poplar, alder, eucalyptus or acacia, or from a mixture of softwoods and hardwoods.
  • Non-wood material can be from agricultural residues, grasses or other plant substances such as straw, leaves, bark, seeds, hulls, flowers, vegetables or fruits from cotton, corn, wheat, oat, rye, barley, rice, flax, hemp, manila hemp, sisal hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf, bagasse, bamboo or reed.
  • the natural fibers have the technical effect that, during said marking by melting, not all the material of the profile melts. Because natural fibers have a much higher thermal degradation point than the thermoplastic material, the fibrous material remains solid even if the thermoplastic part of the composite is melted. Thus, the solid fibrous material supports the profile even during said marking. Therefore, the marking may be done at a very late stage of use.
  • a marking can be made during manufacturing the table, or even to an otherwise finished table.
  • an item e.g. a table
  • the tag that is marked is operational. Of multiple tags, the one have best locations, as evaluated based on the usability of the tag and/or the item, such as a table, comprising the profile comprising the tag.
  • the natural fibrous material comprises lignin.
  • This has the technical effect the coupling between the plastic (such as thermoplastic) matrix material and the fibrous material is good, since lignin has a lot of hydroxyl (OH) -groups.
  • the hydroxyl groups are known to bond well with many matrix materials.
  • the natural fibrous material may be supplied in the form of cellulose based particles.
  • the amount of the lignin calculated from the total amount of the cellulose based particles may be e.g. more than 15 wt.% or more than 20 wt.%.
  • the profile may be a layered structure.
  • the profile may e.g. comprise a layer, such as a core layer, designed for improved coupling, as discussed herein.
  • the extruded profile 100 may have a layered structure.
  • a layered structure comprises a first layer 1 14 and a second layer 1 16.
  • the structure may comprise a third layer 1 18.
  • the first layer 1 14 comprises at least part of the first surface 1 10.
  • the first layer comprises the whole first surface 1 10.
  • at least part of the second layer 1 16 is covered by the first layer.
  • the second layer 1 16 is made of different material than the first layer 1 14. This enables the use of a wide range of materials for the extruded profile, since the visual appearance of the second layer 1 16 needs not be good.
  • the second layer may comprise recycled material.
  • the second layer 1 16 may comprise dark colored recycled material even if the extruded profile 100 (in particular the first layer 1 14 thereof) has a light color.
  • An embodiment of the extruded profile comprises
  • first layer 1 14 the first layer comprising thermoplastic polymer material and cellulose based particles; and optionally comprising impurities; the first layer 1 14 forming at least a part of the first surface 1 10,
  • the second layer comprising thermoplastic polymer and impurities, wherein the amount of the impurities is greater in the second layer 1 16 than in the first layer 1 14.
  • the third layer comprising thermoplastic polymer material and cellulose based particles; and optionally comprising impurities; the third layer 1 18 forming at least a part of the second surface 1 1 1 .
  • the total amount of lignin is preferably smaller in the first layer of the profile than in the second layer of the profile.
  • the total amount of print ink is smaller in the first layer of the profile than in the second layer of the profile.
  • the total amount of silicone is smaller in the first layer of the profile than in the second layer of the profile.
  • the total amount of adhesives is smaller in the first layer of the profile than in the second layer of the profile. Thanks to the first layer covering at least a part of the second layer, the second layer may comprise lots of recycled material. For example, the second layer may comprise dark colored recycled material even if the manufactured product has a light color.
  • cellulose based particles refers to cellulose particles that can originate from any plant material that contains cellulose.
  • the particles can be in the form of dust (powder); preferably they are, at least partly, in the form of fibers.
  • the particles having a length of at least 0.1 mm, more preferably at least 0.2 mm are called fiber particles or fibers, and smaller particles than those mentioned above are called powderparticles or powder.
  • the extruded profile 100 may be, for example, a wood plastic composite, i.e. the cellulose based particles originate from wood. In an example, at least 30 wt.%, more preferably at least 80 wt.% and most preferably at least 90 wt.% of the cellulose based particles of the first and/or the second layer are wood based particles.
  • the wood material can be softwood trees, hardwood trees, or a mixture of softwoods and hardwoods; the species discussed above.
  • the extruded profile 100 may be, for example, a plastic composite, wherein the cellulose based particles originate from non-wood materials, such as those discussed above.
  • the cellulose based particles in the first layer 1 14 of the extruded profile 100 comprise cellulose based particles that have a low lignin content.
  • the cellulose based particles comprises chemically treated cellulose particles (i.e. so called lignin free cellulose particles).
  • the cellulose based particles originate from plant material(s) in which the lignin content of the particles is naturally low.
  • the first layer 1 14 of the extruded profile 100 comprises cellulose based particles. Due to the cellulose based particles, the properties of the first layer 1 14 may be improved.
  • the amount of the cellulose particles in the first layer 1 14 of the profile 100 is between 5 wt.% and 80 wt.%, or between 10 wt.% and 70 wt.%, more preferably between 15 wt.% and 60 wt.% or between 20 wt.% and 50 wt.%, and most preferably between 30 wt.% and 40 wt.%.
  • the cellulose particles preferably comprise wood dust and/or mechanical pulp and/or chemical pulp, from which the chemical pulp in powder form or fiber form is preferably used, and chemical pulp in the form of fibers is most preferably used.
  • At least 60 wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.% or at least 80 wt.%, and most preferably at least 90 wt.% or at least 95 wt.% of the cellulose based particles in the first layer 1 14 of the profile 100 are particles having a low lignin content, i.e. chemically treated cellulose particles and/or plant material in which the lignin content of the fibers is naturally low.
  • the amount of the lignin in the first layer 1 14 of the profile 100 calculated from the total amount of the cellulose based particles is lower than 15 wt.% or lower than 10 wt.%, more preferably lower than 5 wt.% or lower than 3 wt.%, and most preferably lower than 2 wt.% or lower than 1 wt.%.
  • the second layer 1 16 that is at least partly covered by the first layer 1 14 may comprise, for example, recycled material(s) having different colors. Due to the first layer 1 14, the profile 100 may be weatherproof, it may have good strength properties, and there may not be any defects on the surface of the profile 100; irrespective of the raw materials of the second layer 1 16.
  • the second layer 1 16 of the extruded profile 100 preferably comprises cellulose based particles.
  • the cellulose particles of the second layer preferably comprise wood dust, and/or mechanical pulp, and/or chemical pulp (powder and/or fibers) and/or recycled paper and/or recycled label material, from which the wood dust, mechanical pulp, recycled paper and/or recycled label material are preferably used.
  • the amount of the cellulose based particles in the second layer is preferably between 20 wt.% and 80 wt.%, from which preferably at least 60 wt.%, more preferably at least 70 wt.% and most preferably at least 80 wt.% comes from recycled paper and/or recycled label material and/or wood dust and/or mechanical pulp.
  • the second layer 1 16 preferably comprises cellulose based particles that are mechanically treated.
  • the second layer 1 16 preferably comprises cellulose based particles that are only mechanically treated.
  • the mechanically treated cellulose based particles may be, for example, ground, refined and/or powdered from the cellulose source used. In other words, the cellulose source of the cellulose based particles is advantageously mechanically treated but not chemically treated.
  • mechanically treated cellulose based particles are wood dust, mechanical pulp, and recycled paper, which typically comprises lignin. Chemical pulp is so called lignin free material, which is chemically treated. In addition, recycled label material typically comprises chemically treated cellulose based particles.
  • the impurities of the extruded profile 100 comprise lignin.
  • the lignin, at least in the second layer 1 16, is at least predominantly in the cellulose based particles, the "predominantly" meaning at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 70 %, and most preferably at least 90 wt.%.
  • the cellulose based particles in the second layer 1 16 that comprise the lignin are in a form of wood dust and/or mechanical pulp.
  • the one layer may be made of the material of the first layer 1 14 or the material of the second layer 1 16, wherein the materials have been discussed above.
  • the extruded profile 100 e.g. a single-layered profile 100, or a layer (1 14, 1 16) of the extruded profile advantageously comprises from 20 wt.% to 60 wt.% cellulose fibers, preferably from 20 wt.% to 50 wt.% cellulose fibers.
  • the cellulose fibers comprised by the extruded profile comprise at least 60 % chemically treated cellulose fibers (i.e. lignin free cellulose fibers), preferably the fibers comprised by the extruded profile comprise at least 70 % or at least 80 %, preferably at least 90 % or at least 95 % chemically treated lignin free cellulose fibers.
  • the extruded profile advantageously comprises from 20 wt.% to 80 wt.% plastic polymers, preferably from 20 wt.% to 60 wt.%.
  • the plastic polymer may be virgin or recycled.
  • the plastic polymer may comprise at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, and copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the amount of the added plastic polymer depends on the other raw material used. For example, if recycled material is used, the amount of added polymer depends on the amount of the different raw materials coming along the recycled material.
  • the extruded profile 100 preferably comprises at least 70 wt.% recycled raw material.
  • the virgin added plastic may comprise at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, and copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene. Additionally the extruded profile may comprise fillers.
  • the extruded profile 100 may also comprise other compounds, such as colors and waxes.
  • the recycled raw material comprises preferably paper and plastic, most preferably the recycled material comprises paper and plastic polymers which fall as surplus in self-adhesive label production.
  • the proportion of the recycled paper and recycled plastic may vary depending on the product application.
  • the recycled label material may comprise surplus paper and plastic left over from the production of self-adhesive label materials.
  • the adhesive label laminate waste originates from adhesive label laminate production, which primarily produces production reject waste, edge cuttings from rolls and roll ends; from adhesive label laminate printing stations, producing primarily roll ends and label material left over from the die cutting of stickers and labels as well as reject; and/or from the end user clients of the adhesive label laminate, who paste the printed stickers and labels or the like onto their products.
  • the waste coming from the end user clients of the adhesive label laminate is primarily release material, roll ends, and waste from the finished product.
  • the adhesive label laminate waste is typically formed of label material, an adhesive layer, and release material.
  • the liner of the label is usually a paper having a silicone coating or a plastic coating.
  • the plastic polymer preferably comprises polypropylene.
  • the plastic polymer may comprise at least one of polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, or copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the manufactured extruded profile 100 is preferably a wood fibre plastic composite, for example a paper plastic composite.
  • the extruded profile 100 may be manufactured, for example, by extrusion or by injection molding process.
  • the extruded profile 100 is manufactured in an extrusion process using an extruder.
  • the extruded profile 100 in order to obtain information associated with the extruded profile 100, such as the identity of the profile 100 or a reference to an information source, the extruded profile 100, or a panel 250 in general, further comprises a near field communication (NFC) tag 200.
  • NFC near field communication
  • NFC Near field communication
  • close proximity means a reading distance of at most five to ten centimeters, e.g. at most 7 cm. Typically the reading distance may be less, e.g. a few centimeters. In some applications, the reading distance is a few millimeters, whereby the NFC tag need to be almost touched with a reader device.
  • NFC standards cover communications protocols and data exchange formats, and are based on existing radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards including ISO/IEC 14443 (with reference to part 1 , 2 nd edition, dated 2008-07- 15; part 2, 2 nd edition dated 2010-09-01 ; part 3, published in October 2010; and part 4, dated 2008-07-15) and ISO/IEC 18092 (with reference to 1 st edition, dated 2004-04-01 ).
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • Standard NFC systems include also those based on FeliCa, complying with Japanese standard JIS X6319-4 (dated 2010/10/20).
  • NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 (reference to 3 rd edition, dated 2010-1 1 -15) air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.
  • NFC involves an initiator (i.e. a reader/writer device 300) and a target (such as the NFC tag).
  • the reader/writer device 300 actively generates an RF field 460 that can power a passive target (e.g. the tag 200). This enables targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries.
  • the term reader/writer device refers to a device arranged to read and, optionally, also to write. Referring to Fig.
  • the NFC tag 200 comprises a chip 210 and an antenna 220.
  • the antenna 220 is electrically coupled to the chip 210.
  • the NFC tag 200 further comprises a protective surface 230.
  • the chip 210 and the antenna are formed inside the protective surface 230.
  • the protective surface 230 may be made of plastic, paper, or any other suitable material.
  • Preferably the surface 230 is flexible.
  • the material of the surface 230 may be electrically and magnetically non-conducting in order not to obstruct the operation of the antenna 220, or the material may be weakly conducting or conducting.
  • the NFC tag 200 may comprise pressure sensitive adhesive for attaching the tag 200 to an object, such as the extruded panel 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is passive, i.e. the tag 200 contains no battery for powering the chip 210.
  • the basic operation of the tag is to extract energy from a reader signal 460, and to respond to the reader signal. This responding may happen by employing back-scatter modulation of the radio frequency field (e.g. for UHF tags), or by varying the load imposed by the tag on the magnetic field (e.g. for HF tags).
  • the tag 200 may send information 470 to the reader device 300 or the reader/writer device 300.
  • the tag 200 may send an electronic product code (EPC) and/or a tag identifier (TID), or an universal identifier (UID) code, EAN code, or any serial number as a response.
  • EPC electronic product code
  • TID tag identifier
  • UID universal identifier
  • the chip 210 may comprise analog and digital (logic) circuitry to perform its operations, and/or it may comprise one, two, or more processors, memory as one, two, or more memory sections and a communication module such as a radio frequency modulation circuit coupled to the antenna 220.
  • the memory may comprise executable instructions for the processor, data and information related to the operation of the tag such as en electronic product code, tag identification, a computer network address, check sum, passwords like an access pass-word for accessing the tag, and user data. Some of the memory may be read-only memory, and some of the memory may be writable.
  • a part of the memory may be write-once memory, whereby it is programmed in an early phase in the life span of a tag 200, or it may be write-protected by an access password.
  • the memory may contain an access password for verifying access rights to some functionality or to a memory area.
  • an access password may be residing in the memory, and by sending the access password to the device, access is granted to a memory area.
  • the NFC tag 200 may comprise at least one of
  • the NFC tag comprises all these three types of memory.
  • the read only memory may comprise the identity of the NFC tag 200.
  • the write-once memory of the NFC tag 200 may be programmed by the manufacturer of the extruded profile 100 or a panel 250.
  • the write-once memory may comprise information about the tag 200 itself and/or the extruded profile 100 itself. This information may comprise e.g. information about the profile, the tag, the manufacturer, the date of manufacturing, or a reference to such information.
  • the writable memory of the NFC tag 200 may be programmed by an operator of the panel 250 such as the extruded profile 100.
  • the "operator" may refer to a service provider running a service, and having the right to use a structure comprising an extruded profile.
  • the service provider may be e.g.
  • the structure may be a table in the restaurant.
  • the operator would, in this case, be the person operating the restaurant, or his employee.
  • the operator could e.g. write a menu to the writable memory of the tag 200.
  • the operator could e.g. write a computer network address to the restaurant's Internet pages, from where such a menu could be retrieved by a customer, by using the NFC tag of the profile 100 of the table 180.
  • the size of an NFC tag 200 may vary.
  • the NFC tag is, or can be arranged due to its flexibility to be, planar, as depicted in Fig. 1 b.
  • the tag has a length L T and a width W T , wherein the direction of the length is perpendicular to the direction of the width.
  • the terms length and width for the tag are selected such that the length is at least the width.
  • the length L T is typically from 15 mm to 60 mm, e.g. from 30 mm to 50 mm, and in an embodiment about 4 cm.
  • the width W T is typically from 10 mm to 40 mm, e.g. from 15 mm to 30 mm, and in an embodiment about 2 cm.
  • the ratio of length to width, L T /W T is from 1 to 4, e.g. from 1 .5 to 3, and in an embodiment about 2. It is noted that with the above definition of terms, L T /W T is at least one.
  • the extruded profile 100 may comprise holes 140.
  • the holes may extend in the direction of the length of the profile 100.
  • the cross-section of the hole 140 may be oval.
  • the extruded profile 100 comprises preferably at least two oval holes 140, more preferably at least three oval holes 140.
  • the number of the oval holes may be, for example, between 2 and 6 or between 3 and 5.
  • the extruded profile 100 comprises three oval holes 140.
  • the weight of the profile 100 and the amount of the needed raw material decrease due to the holes 140. Thanks to the decreased weight of the extruded profile 100, the installation of the extruded profiles 100 may be easier and, moreover, the transportation of said extruded profiles 100 may be cheaper than with conventional extruded profiles, which do not comprises any kind of holes.
  • holes of other shape may be used in the extruded profile 100.
  • Holes of other shape may include, for example, symmetrically rounded (circled) holes or tetragon shaped holes, such as square shaped holes, optionally rounded at corners, as depicted in Figs 1 d and 1 e. Even these kinds of holes will cause decreased weight of the product, typically even more than the oval shaped holes, and, hence, decrease the transportation costs.
  • oval holes are preferably used in the invention, because the strength of the extruded profile 100 comprising oval holes 140 may be much better than the strength of a extruded profile comprising tetragon shaped holes, and even better than the strength of a extruded profile comprising symmetrically rounded (circled) holes.
  • there should not be too many holes 140 in the extruded profile 100 because this may decrease the strength properties of the extruded profile 100. This should be considered at least when the amount of the used recycled raw material is at least 70%.
  • a mold is used in the manufacturing process, there probably should not be too many holes in the extruded profile 100.
  • Shapes and dimensions of the holes are preferably selected in such a way that it is possible to achieve very good runnability properties for the extruded profile to be manufactured.
  • the width W h (cf. Fig. 2a) of the hole 140 is preferably about 25 mm, for example between 20 and 30 mm.
  • the height H h of the hole 140 is predetermined in such a way that a second thickness T 2 (cf. Fig. 2a) between the hole 140 and the first surface 1 10 is at least 3 mm, more preferably between 5 and 7 mm.
  • a third thickness T 3 (cf. Fig. 2a) between the hole 140 and the second surface 1 12 is at least 3 mm, more preferably between 5 and 7 mm.
  • the ratio of these thicknesses, T 2 /T 3 is from 0.8 to 1 .2, more preferably about 1 .
  • the height H h of the hole 140 is approximately 16 mm, for example between 14 and 18 mm.
  • the distance D between adjacent two holes 140 is preferably at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90% of the smaller of the thicknesses T 2 and T 3 .
  • the distance D is preferably at most 1 .3, at most 1 .2 or at most 1 .1 times the greater of the thicknesses T 2 and T 3 .
  • the distance D may be e.g. between 3 and 10 mm, preferably between 4 and 7 mm.
  • an NFC tag 200b can be arranged in a hole 140.
  • Figures 1 c, 1 d, 1 e, and 1f show, in end views, some extended profiles 100.
  • the extruded profile 100 comprises, in at least the first edge of the profile 100, a groove 150.
  • the profiles comprise another groove in the opposite second edge.
  • the groove 150 is arranged between two tongues 152 and 154 (cf. Fig. 2a).
  • the near field communication (NFC) tag 200 or at least a part thereof, is arranged on the first edge, in the groove. In this way, the NFC tag 200 is mechanically protected by the two tongues of the profile 100. It is noted that in Figs 1 e and 1f, only the areas near the two edges are shown, whereby the width of the profile may be significant. The central part is omitted from these figures.
  • the groove 150 may comprise an area that is parallel to the first surface 1 10 of the panel 100. As depicted in these figures, the groove may further comprise an area, of which tangent plane forms an angle with the plane of the first surface 1 10 of the panel 100. This angle may be e.g. 90 degrees, as in Figs. 1 d and 1f. In addition, the profiles of Figs. 1 c and 1f comprise such an area. Moreover, the profiles of Figs. 1 c and 1f further comprise an area, of which tangent plane forms an angle of less than 90 degrees and more than zero degrees with the plane of the first surface 1 10 of the panel 100.
  • a tangent plane of an area at a specified point of the area is defined as the plane containing all the lines tangent to the specified point of the area.
  • the surface normal of the tangent plane is parallel to the surface normal of the area at the specified point.
  • Figure 1 g shows an embodiment of a panel 250.
  • a "panel” refers in general to a planar object having a length L, width W, and thickness T.
  • the panel may be e.g. a plywood panel, an OSB (oriented standard board), a chipboard, a wooden plank, a wooden board, or the extruded profile 100.
  • the panel 250 comprises at least one NFC tag 200.
  • Three tags 200a-200c are shown in the figure to illustrate some possible locations for the NFC tag.
  • the tag 200a is arranged on the surface of the panel, the surface having its surface normal parallel to the thickness.
  • the tag 200b is arranged on an edge of the panel, the edge having its surface normal parallel to the width of the panel.
  • a tag could be arranged on an end of the panel, the end having its surface normal parallel to the length of the panel.
  • the tag 200c is arranged inside the panel 250.
  • the tag may be arranged e.g. in an adhesive layer of a plywood panel.
  • a tag arranged on an edge or an end has the technical effect that the tag is visible also from a pile of panels. Thereby the proper positioning of a hand-held reader device is easy.
  • the thickness T may be e.g. from 4 mm to 50 mm, or within the range indicated previously for the extruded profile 100.
  • the length L of the panel may be e.g. at least 2.2 m, at least 2.4 m, or at least 2.5 m.
  • the length L of the panel may be e.g. at most 10 m, at most 7 m, or at most 6 m.
  • a typical length depends on the material of the panel.
  • An extruded profile 100 may be relatively long, as discussed above. However, plywood panels, chipboards, OSBs, planks, or boards, are typically shorter.
  • the length L may be e.g. from 2.2 m to 6 m; from 2.4 m to 5 m; or from 2.5 m to 4.6 m.
  • the width of the panel is less than the length or equal to the length.
  • the with W of the panel may be e.g. at most 2 m, less than 1 .8 m, or less than 1 .6 m.
  • the with W of the panel may be e.g. at least 5 cm or at least 10 cm.
  • a typical width depends on the material and use of the panel.
  • An extruded profile 100 may be relatively narrow, as discussed above. However, plywood panels, chip- boards, OSBs, are typically wider.
  • the width W may be e.g. from 0.2 m to 2 m; from 0.3 m to 1 .8 m; or from 0.35 m to 1 .6 m.
  • wooden planks or boards are typically narrower.
  • the width W may be e.g. from 5 cm to 25 cm; from 7 cm to 20 cm; or from 9 cm to 16 cm.
  • the area of the first surface 1 10 of the panel 250 is typically at least 0.25 m 2 or at least 0.3 m 2 .
  • the area of the first surface 1 10 of the panel 250 is typically at most 7 m 2 or at most 5 m 2 .
  • the area may be e.g. from 0.25 m 2 to 7 m 2 or from 0.3 m 2 to 5 m 2 .
  • An NFC tag is readable from a panel or a profile, since the panel is typically relatively thin, and an NFC reader device can be arranged relatively close to the tag 200, at least in the direction of the surface normal of the surface 1 12 of the profile 100 (or the panel 250).
  • the panels 250, or the extruded profiles 100 are typically stored in piles, as depicted in Figs. 1 h 1 and 1 h2.
  • Fig. 1 h 1 in a pile, neighboring panels may be arranged on top of each other. Thereby, the pile is a vertical pile.
  • Fig. 1 h 1 in a pile, neighboring panels may be arranged next to each other in the horizontal direction. Thereby, the pile is a horizontal pile.
  • the NFC tag 200 is preferably arranged in or on the panel 250 or in or on the profile 100 to such a location that it can be read by a hand-held NFC reader device also from piles.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in such a manner that the distance di from the NFC tag 200 to an edge of the panel 250 or (profile 100), in the direction of the width W of the panel 250 (or profile 100) is at most 10 cm, preferably at most 5 cm.
  • the tag 200 may be arranged on the edge, whereby the distance can be zero.
  • the thickness T, width W, and length L are defined such that T ⁇ W ⁇ L. As depicted in Fig. 1 h 1 , the distance is measured to the closest edge in the direction of the width, whereby this is the case always, if the width of the panel is at most 20 cm.
  • the NFC tag 200 is preferably readable by a hand-held NFC reader device
  • the NFC tag 200 is preferably arranged in such a manner that the distance d 2 from the NFC tag 200 to an edge (i.e. the closer edge) of the panel 250 or (profile 100), in the direction of the length L of the panel 250 (or profile 100) is at most 2.2 m, preferably at most 2 m, and more preferably at most 1 .8 m.
  • this ensures that, even if long panels are arranged in a horizontal pile, an NFC tag is located at reasonable low height for reading with a hand held device.
  • the width of the panel is typically so low that in a horizontal pile, wherein the width is vertically aligned, an NFC tag is never too high for a hand held reader device. It is also possible to arrange the tag is such a manner that in a horizontal pile it will never be located too low.
  • the distance 02 may be e.g. at least 30 cm, at least 40 cm, or preferably at least 50 cm. The distance 02 may be e.g. from 30 cm to 2.2 m; from 20 cm to 2.0 m; or from 50 cm to 1 .8 m.
  • a typical pile as depicted in Fig. 7a, several panels 250 or profiles 100 are arranged on top of each other, and next to each other in the direction of the width of the panel.
  • the width of the pile, W p is parallel to the width of the panels 250 (or profiles 100).
  • the width of the pile, W p is typically at most 2 m, or less than 1 .8 m, or less than 1 .6 m. This has the technical effect that the NFC tag can be read from the topmost panels, even if the tag is arranged in the central area of a wide panel (i.e. di is large).
  • the length of the pile corresponds to the length of the panels 250 or profiles 100, of which length have been discussed before. Moreover, such a pile is movable with a regular forklift. Still further, because of the aforementioned location of the NFC tags, at least one NFC tag of a panel or profile is readable from the pile.
  • Fig. 1 i typically multiple extruded profiles are manufactured subsequently.
  • Fig. 1 i shows a first extruded profile 100a comprising a first tag 200a and a second extruded profile 100b comprising a second tag 200b.
  • the profiles 100a and 100b are visibly substantially similar, visibly similar, visibly substantially identical or visibly identical.
  • the visible similarity or identicality refers to a human making the similarity evaluation without technical equipment, optionally except for eyeglasses.
  • the substantial similarity is a result of the manufacturing process producing substantially similar objects.
  • the location of the tags 200 is not necessarily exactly the same in all profiles 100.
  • the location of the first tag 200a, in the first profile 100a, as measured from an origin Oa, is given by the coordinates r T , a , rw, a , and r L , a , these coordinates being oriented in the direction of thickness, width, and length (of the first profile 100a), respectively.
  • the location of the second tag 200b, in the second profile 100b, as measured from another origin Ob, is given by the coordinates r T ,b, rw,t>, and r L ,b, these coordinates being oriented in the direction of thickness, width, and length (of the second profile 100b), respectively.
  • the origin Ob is located with respect to the second profile 100b in the same location, as the origin Oa is located with respect to the first profile 100a.
  • the origin Oa may be e.g. the center of the first profile 100a; whereby the origin Ob would be the center of the second profile 100b.
  • a pre-defined corner of the profile(s) is/are used as the origin(s).
  • the thicknesses of the profiles 100a and 100b are the same or visually substantially the same); preferably the difference abs(r T , a -r-r,b) is at most one tenth (1/10) of the thickness T of the profile (or panel); and - the difference between the locations of the tags, in the direction of the width of the profiles (or panels), abs(r w , a -rw,b), is at most one tenth (1/10) of the width W of the profile (or panel; it is also noted that the width of the profiles 100a and 100b are the same or visually substantially the same); preferably the difference abs(r w , a -rw,b) is at most one twentieth (1/20) of the width W of the profile (or panel).
  • a set of profiles comprises at least one pair of profiles, wherein the pair comprises the profiles 100a and 100b, such that
  • abs(r L , a -rL,b) is at least 3 mm, at least 5 mm or at least 10 mm.
  • the manufacturing tolerances in the direction of length may be e.g. due to the variations in the speed of the extrusion process.
  • variations in speed result in manufacturing tolerances in this direction.
  • Figure 1j shows two panels 250a and 250b comprising a tag on their surfaces. As for the locations of the tags within the panels 250, the same applies as discussed above for the extruded profile.
  • an embodiment of the extruded profile comprises, in the first edge 120 of the profile 100, a groove 150.
  • the groove 150 is arranged between two tongues 152 and 154.
  • at least part of the near field communication (NFC) tag 200a is arranged on the first edge 120, in the groove 150.
  • the whole near field communication (NFC) tag 200a is arranged in the groove 150. In this way, the NFC tag 200a is mechanically protected by the two tongues 152 and 154 of the profile 100.
  • the profiles of Figs. 1 c to 1 f are the profiles of Figs. 1 c to 1 f .
  • an extruded profile preferably comprises only one NFC tag 200.
  • the one NFC tag 200 may be used e.g. to identify the extruded profile 100.
  • the tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150 or the hole 140, the tag 200 as such is not visible to an end user.
  • the "end user” here refers to the end user using a structure, e.g. a flooring or a table, made from the profiles.
  • the end user may therefore be e.g. an operator of a structure 180 comprising the profile 200, such as a restaurant keeper (wherein the structure could be e.g.
  • a table or a terrace a user using the structure, such as a client of a restaurant, or a person visiting the terrace.
  • operators handle the profile.
  • Such operators include the manufacturer of the profile, managers and workers in a warehouse of the profile, a transporter of the profile, and a builder of the structure. For these operators, the tag is visible. However, when the structure 180 is built, the tag 200 is covered, and becomes invisible.
  • Such a structure 180 comprises an extruded profile 100 and another object (e.g. a joining element 190 or another profile 100), such that the NFC tag 200 is covered by the object.
  • the NFC tag is arranged inside the structure.
  • Figure 2d shows, in an end view, two profiles 100a and 100b, connected to each other using a joining element 190. These profiles and the joining element are arranged as a part of a structure 180, such as a table or a flooring.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged inside the structure, as shown in Fig. 2d. In the boundary of such a structure, at least one NFC tag may be visible.
  • At least one NFC tag 200 is arranged inside the structure 180.
  • a joining element 190 may have a different form.
  • a joining element 190 is not necessarily needed.
  • the structure 180 may comprise two profiles 100 butt connected to each other.
  • the structure 180 may comprise two profiles 100 connected to each other with a tongue-groove joint (cf. the profile of Fig. 4a).
  • an NFC tag 200 in arranged inside the structure 180, i.e. in between a surface of the structure 180 and another surface of the structure 180, and in between the edges of the structure.
  • tag 200 when at least part of tag 200 is arranged particularly in the groove 150, the tag is visible before using the profile. For example, when a pile 700 (cf. Fig. 7a) is made from the profiles, their tags are visible. It is only the second object that, during use, covers the tag, as discussed above. Because of the visibility, a user can easily locate the tag, and read it with a reader device. In particular, such a tag is visible from the side of the panel. Therefore, a user does not need to climb on the pile to locate the tags, which would be the case, is the tag would be located e.g. on the first surface 1 10. This is important e.g. for safety at work.
  • a tag 200 when arranged in the groove 150, it is protected (at least mechanically protected) and also visible from a side of the profile.
  • the term “side” here refers to a direction perpendicular to the surface normal of the first surface 1 10.
  • Figure 2f shows, in a perspective view a table 180.
  • the table 180 comprises several extruded profiles 100, and therefore, the table is a structure 180 comprising an extruded profile and another object.
  • Figure 2g shows a structure 180 comprising two extruded profiles 100a and 100b.
  • Figure 2g further shows a reader device 300.
  • the reader device 300 is arranged to read information from the NFC tag 200, as will be discussed later.
  • the structure may also refer e.g. to a terrace comprising at least two profiles 100.
  • another profile (e.g. 100b) or a joining element 190 is arranged adjacent to the extruded profile (e.g. 100a), in particular adjacent to the first groove 150. Moreover, a part of the other profile or the joining element may be arranged in the groove. In this way, also in the case the tag 200 is arranged in the groove, the tag 200 in not visible to an end user. However, in a single extruded profile the tag 200 is visible from the groove 150, unless covered by some covering.
  • a tag may be easily attached to the groove 150 in a manufacturing process.
  • the tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the extruded profile 100 may be symmetrical in the direction of the width W. More specifically, the extruded profile 100 may be mirror-symmetrical in the direction of the width W, wherein the center CL of the profile 100 in the direction of the width W defines the plane of symmetry; and the plane of symmetry CL has it surface normal parallel to the width W.
  • the symmetrical extruded profile comprises two grooves, 150a and 150b.
  • An NFC tag 200 may be arranged in at least one the grooves 150a, 150b, and is preferably arranged in only one of the grooves 150a, 150b.
  • the edges 120, 122 are numbered such that an NFC tag 200, if arranged in a groove 150, is arranged on the first edge 120.
  • the first groove 150a is arranged into the first edge 120.
  • the extruded profile 100 may have a supporting structure 156 arranged beneath the boundary of the first surface 1 10, wherein the boundary is located at the boundary of also the first edge 120.
  • the supporting structure 156 may be integrated with a tongue 152 on the first edge 120. Thanks to the supporting structure 156, the strength of the corner of the first surface 130 of the extruded profile 100 and, therefore, the strength of the whole extruded profile 100 may be substantially increased. In addition, the runnability of the manufacturing process may be increased thanks to the supporting structure 156.
  • the supporting structure 156 integrated with the first tongue 152, extends to a first end point 310.
  • the first end point 310 is arranged preferably at least 6 mm above of the upper surface 320 of the second tongue 154. More preferably the first end point 310 is arranged preferably at least 7 mm or at least 8 mm above of the upper surface 320 of the second tongue 154.
  • the supporting structure 156 extends from the first end point 310 to a second end point 312 of the supporting structure.
  • the distance 314 between the first end point 310 and the second end point 312 is preferably at least 8 mm, more preferably between 8 and 10 mm. Thanks to the above mentioned dimensions, the strength properties of the extruded profile may be increased.
  • an extruded profile does not necessarily comprise the aforementioned the supporting structure 156.
  • the tongues 152 and 154 may have substantially constant thickness.
  • an NFC tag 200 is best read from a direction parallel to the surface normal of the NFC tag 200, and typically cannot easily be read from a direction parallel to the plane of the NFC tag, wherein the direction refers to the direction from the antenna 220 to the NFC reader device 300.
  • the sensitivity of the orientation comes from the principal idea that the NFC tag 200 is to extract energy from a reader signal 460.
  • the coupling strength of electromagnetic fields is dependent on the angle between the direction and the surface normal of a planar antenna.
  • the NFC tag 200 is preferably readable at least from a direction that is parallel to the surface normal of the surface of the structure 180.
  • a tag of a horizontal structure should be readable from above the structure.
  • the structure might be a flooring or a table.
  • at least part of the tag 200 should be arranged in such a manner that the plane of the part of the tag is not parallel to the surface normal of the structure; such as the surface normal of the first surface 1 10 of the profile 100 (or the panel 250).
  • a groove 150 is a preferable location for a tag, since a groove 150 in general comprises an area having a proper orientation with respect to the surface of the profile 100 or the panel 250.
  • a panel without a groove does not comprise such a location on its edge (cf. Fig. 1 g, tag 200b).
  • the extruded profile 100 of Figs. 2a and 2c comprises the groove 150, wherein the groove 150 comprises a first area 350.
  • the surface normal N a i of the first area 350 forms an angle ai with the surface normal N s of the first surface 1 10, or with the surface normal N s of the plane of the essentially planar first surface 1 10.
  • the angle ai is at least 95 degrees.
  • another supporting structure could be arranged beneath the second surface 1 12, and integrated with the second tongue 154.
  • the angle ai would be less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 85 degrees.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the first area 350. In this way the NFC tag 200 is readable also from the direction parallel to the surface normal N s of the first surface 1 10, or from the direction parallel to the surface normal N s of the plane of the essentially planar first surface 1 10.
  • the surface normal of the first area 350 may also be parallel to the surface normal of the first surface 1 10.
  • the first area 350 is not necessarily planar.
  • the groove 150 comprises a first area 350, wherein the first area comprises a point having a tangent plane, wherein
  • o the angle is from 0 to 85 degrees; preferably from 0 to 80 degrees or
  • o the angle is from 95 to 180 degrees; preferably from 100 to 180 degrees.
  • the profile 100 or the panel 250 comprises a tag such that at least part of the tag is arranged on the first area 350.
  • This arrangement improves the readability from the direction of the surface normal of the profile 100.
  • the angle ai is determined by the measures of the supporting structure 156, or the groove 150. Some measures were discussed above.
  • the depth of the groove 150 (in particular the groove 150a of Fig. 2b) is non-uniform. The depth of the groove varies with the distance from the first surface 1 10. The depth is herein regarded as the maximal depth, and is denoted by D G in Fig. 2b.
  • the groove depth, D G may be e.g.
  • the thickness of a tongue, T T i or Tj 2 is preferably at least 1 mm, such as at least 2 mm.
  • the extruded profile 100 of Figs. 2a, 2c, and 4a - 4f comprises the groove 150, wherein the groove 150 comprises a second area 360.
  • the surface normal N a 2 of the second area 360 (or a tangent plane thereof) is essentially parallel to a direction of the plane of the first surface 1 10.
  • the tag is also easily readable from a direction parallel to the first surface, such as from the side of a pile of profiles.
  • surface normal of the second area 360 is not necessarily parallel to a direction of the plane of the first surface 1 10.
  • the surface normal N a 2 of the second area 360, or a tangent plane thereof forms an angle a 2 with the surface normal N s of the first surface 1 10 or with the surface normal N s of the plane of the essentially planar first surface 1 10.
  • the angle a 2 is different from the angle ai (Fig. 2c).
  • the groove 150 comprises a second area 360, wherein the second area comprises a point having a second tangent plane, wherein
  • the surface normal N a 2 of the second tangent plane forms a second angle ⁇ with the surface normal N a i of the aforementioned tangent plane of the first area 350.
  • the profile 100 or the panel 250 comprises a tag such that a part of the tag 200 is arranged on the first area 350 and another part of the tag 200 is arranged on the second area 360.
  • This arrangement improves the readability of the tag from multiple directions.
  • the angle ⁇ may be e.g. at least 5 degrees; more preferably at least 10 degrees, and even more preferably at least 20 degrees.
  • the second surface normal N A 2 may form an angle of substantially 90 degrees with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, as e.g. in Fig. 3a, since the readability from above a structure has already been taken into account by the orientation of the first area 350.
  • Fig. 3a shows an end view of an extruded profile.
  • the first surface 1 10 of the extruded profile 100 comprises preferably a multiple of first grooves 410.
  • the first grooves 410 may increase friction.
  • the depth of the groove 410 on the first surface 1 10 may be between 1 mm and 2 mm. Thanks to the grooves 410, the friction of the first surface 1 10 of the extruded profile 100 may have good anti-slip properties even when the first surface 1 10 is wet.
  • the boundary of the first surface 1 10 that coincides with the first edge 120 may comprise a rounding 415.
  • the rounding 415 may be comprised by the tongue limiting the groove 150 on the first edge 120.
  • the rounding 415 may have a depth D R wherein the depth D R is the distance, in the direction of the thickness of the profile 100 (cf. Fig. 1 a), between the plane of the first surface 100 and the outer edge of the first edge 120.
  • the radius of curvature R2 of the corner of the first surface 1 10 is from 3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the second surface 1 12 may comprise second grooves 420.
  • the second grooves 420 are added to the second surface 1 12 in order to prevent possible problems caused by drying shrinkage. Due to the second grooves 420, a blistering effect may be prevented.
  • the depth of the second grooves 420 is preferably between 0.2 mm and 3.0 mm or between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm.
  • the number of the second grooves 420 on the second surface 1 12 is preferably one less than the amount of the holes 140 in the extruded profile 100.
  • the extruded profile 100 of Fig. 3a comprises three holes 140, and two second grooves 420.
  • the second grooves 320 on the second side are preferably placed at a location on the second surface 1 12 which is between two adjacent holes 140 in the direction of the width W of the profile 100 (cf. Fig. 2b).
  • the distance between two second grooves 420 is between 38 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 42 mm and 46 mm.
  • FIG. 3b shows a top view of the profile 100 of Fig. 3a.
  • the profile 100 comprises the NFC tag 200.
  • the NFC tag is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the tag 200 as such is not visible to a user, when another profile or a joining element is arranged adjacent to the profile 100.
  • the extruded profile 100 comprises a marking 450.
  • the marking is indicative of the existence of the near field communication (NFC) tag.
  • the marking may be indicative of the location of the near field communication (NFC) tag. Thereby the existence and optionally the location of the NFC tag 200 is visible for a user. Even if the tag was located in the hole 140, the extruded profile could comprise a marking 450.
  • the marking is located preferably within a distance L M E from an end of the profile 100.
  • the distance L M E may be e.g. 0 cm, 5 cm, at least 5 cm, 10 cm, or at least 10 cm. A distance greater than 0 cm may allow for some workability of the profile 100.
  • the chip 210 (Fig. 1 b) of the NFC tag 200 defines a location for the NFC tag 200.
  • the marking is preferably arranged such that the distance between the marking 450 and a line parallel to the surface normal of the first surface 1 10 and comprising a point of the NFC tag 200 (such as a point of the chip 210) is at most 7 cm. Preferably the distance is at most 5 cm or at most 1 cm.
  • the marking 450 is arranged to the boundary of the first surface 100 that comprises a boundary of the first edge 120 comprising the groove 150, wherein the NFC tag 200 is arranged.
  • the marking may be arranged such that the distance between the marking 450 and the chip 210 of the tag 200 is at most 7 cm, at most 5 cm, or at most 1 cm.
  • the marking is made by melting a part of the extruded profile, and a notch, a hole, groove, or slit to the profile with an object. Therefore, in an embodiment, the marking has the form of a notch, a hole, groove, or slit.
  • the profile 1 00 may comprise first groove 41 0 on the first surface 1 1 0. In such a case, preferably the depth of the marking 450 is at least the depth of the first grooves. Preferably the depth of the marking 450 is at least 1 mm.
  • the depth of the marking is at most the radius of curvature RR of the rounding 415, or at most two times the depth of the first grooves 41 0.
  • the depth of the marking 450 is preferably at most 5 mm, at most 4 mm, at most 3 mm, or at most 2 mm.
  • the depth of the marking may be e.g. from 1 mm to 2 mm, from 1 mm to 3 mm, from 1 mm to 4 mm, or from 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the marking 450 may be arranged on the second surface 1 1 2.
  • the marking is located preferably within a distance L M E from an end of the profile 1 00. The limits for this distance, as give above, apply also on the second side.
  • the second grooves 420 may have a smaller depth than the first grooves 410 on the first surface. Therefore, the marking, when located on the second surface may have a smaller depth.
  • the depth of the marking 450 is at least the depth of the second grooves.
  • the depth of the marking 450 is at least 0.2 mm or at least 0.5 mm.
  • the depth of the marking 450 on the second surface is at most 5 mm, at most 4 mm, at most 3 mm, or at most 2 mm.
  • the depth of the marking may be e.g. from 0.2 mm to 5 mm or from 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the marking 450 may be made to the profile 100 by various means of machining such as cutting, carving, sculpting, grinding, or rubbing. Alternatively or in addition the marking 450 may be e.g. painted to the profile. In a preferred embodiment, wherein an extruded profile comprises thermoplastic material, the extruded profile 100 is marked by
  • the marking 450 is melted to the extruded profile 100.
  • the hot object may comprise metal.
  • the hot object may comprise e.g. steel and/or aluminum. Steel and aluminum have good workability for forming a desired shape for the marking, and have good thermal properties for the marking.
  • the method for marking may comprise
  • the distance between the marking 450 and a line parallel to the surface normal of a first surface 1 10 and comprising a point of the near field communication tag 200 is at most 10 cm; preferably at most 7 cm.
  • the point of the NFC tag 200 may be a point of the chip 210, as discussed above.
  • the distance between the chip 210 and the marking 450 may be most 10 cm; preferably at most 7 cm.
  • Such a marking on one hand is reasonably close to the tag in order for the tag to be readable from the location of the marking, and on the other hand may be located away from the edge of the profile. This has the technical effect that, since most of the strain, such as mechanical stress or strain, is imposed on the edges, the located away from the edge will be protected from the strain.
  • the hot object is pressed against the extruded profile to a location away from the edge.
  • the location may be e.g. a distance of most 10 cm; preferably at most 7 cm apart from the edge.
  • the extruded profile to be marked may comprise thermoplastic material, as discussed above.
  • the extruded profile 100 may be a natural fiber plastic composite consisting natural fibrous material and plastic matrix material.
  • the plastic matrix material may consist of thermoplastic material.
  • the extruded profile to be marked may comprise
  • the marking may comprise
  • the location is at the boundary of the first surface 1 10 that comprises the first edge 120.
  • the marking 450 may be indicative of the manufacturer of the extruded profile 100.
  • the marking 450 may be e.g. a trade mark.
  • Figure 4a shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a rectangular cross section.
  • the profile comprises a groove 150 in an edge of the profile 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the groove 150 comprises a planar area 350.
  • the NFC tag is arranged on the planar area.
  • the surface normal of the planar area 350 is parallel to the surface normal of the first surface 1 10.
  • the profile comprises a tongue 160 in another edge of the profile 100, wherein the another edge is opposite the first edge 120 comprising the groove 150. In this way, the tongue 160 of the profile 100 is adapted to the shape of the groove 150 of another similar profile.
  • an NFC tag is arranged in the structure, and the tag becomes covered by the other profile.
  • a profile 100 of any of the figures may comprise at least one of: a first groove 410 on the first surface 1 10, a second groove 420 on the second surface 1 12, a marking 450 indicative of the existence of the tag 200, a marking 450 indicative of the location of the tag 200, and a marking 450 indicative of both the existence and the location of the tag 200.
  • Figure 4b shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a rectangular cross section.
  • the profile comprises a groove 150 in an edge of the profile 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the groove 150 comprises a first planar area 350 and a second planar area 360.
  • the surface normal of the first planar area 350 forms a first angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, wherein the angle is different from 90 degrees.
  • the surface normal of the second planar area 360 forms a second angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, and the second angle is different from the first angle.
  • an angle is formed between the surface normal of the areas 350, 360.
  • a first part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the first planar area 350 and a second part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the second planar area 360.
  • the extruded profile 100 is mirror- symmetrical as discussed above for the embodiment of Fig. 4a.
  • a tangent plane of a planar area comprises the planar area.
  • Figure 4c shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a polygonal cross section.
  • the profile 100 comprises a groove 150 in an edge 120 of the profile 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the groove 150 comprises a planar area 350.
  • the NFC tag is arranged on the planar area 350.
  • the surface normal of the planar area 350 forms a first angle with the surface normal of the first surface, wherein the angle is at least 95 degrees (cf. Fig. 2c).
  • the extruded profile 100 is not mirror- symmetrical .
  • the groove further comprises a second area 360. However, in the Fig. the whole tag is arranged on the first area 350 only.
  • Figure 4d shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a polygonal cross section.
  • the profile comprises a groove 150 in an edge of the profile 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the groove 150 comprises a first planar area 350 and a second planar area 360.
  • the surface normal of the first planar area 350 forms a first angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, wherein the angle is different from 90 degrees.
  • the surface normal of the second planar area 360 forms a second angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, and the second angle is different from the first angle.
  • a first part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the first planar area 350 and a second part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the second planar area 360.
  • the extruded profile 100 is not mirror-symmetrical.
  • Figure 4e shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a rectangular cross section.
  • the profile comprises a groove 150 in an edge of the profile 100.
  • the NFC tag 200 is arranged in the groove 150.
  • the groove 150 comprises a first area 350 and a second area 360.
  • the surface normal of the first area 350 forms a first angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, wherein the angle is different from 90 degrees.
  • the surface normal of the second area 360 forms a second angle with the surface normal of the first surface 1 10, and the second angle is different from the first angle.
  • the second angle ⁇ is, as discussed above (cf. Fig. 3a), preferably at least 5 degrees, or at least 10 degrees or at least 20 degrees, as discussed above.
  • a first part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the first area 350 and a second part of the NFC tag 200 is arranged on the second area 360.
  • the extruded profile 100 is not mirror-symmetrical.
  • Figure 4f shows in an end view an extruded profile 100, wherein the holes 140 have a rounded rectangular cross section.
  • the profile comprises the first grooves 410 and the second grooves 420.
  • the extruded profile 100 is manufactured on a manufacturing line. Possibilities for the materials were discussed above.
  • a method for manufacturing the extruded profile 100 comprises
  • NFC near field communication
  • the profiles 100 are tagged already in the early phase of production. Moreover, as the profiles are tagged on the same manufacturing line where profiles without the tag are manufactured, the production of tagged extruded profiles is efficient.
  • the method may comprise
  • NFC near field communication
  • immediate after extruding may refer to small temporal or spatial distance between the point or instance of extruding and the point or instance of tagging.
  • a tag may be attached to the extruded panel an object e.g. at most 10 minutes, at most 5 minutes, or at most 1 minute after extruding the panel.
  • the location of tagging the extruded panel may be located a distance apart from the location of extruding the panel. The distance may be e.g. at most 10 m, at most 5 m, or at most 1 m.
  • the method may comprise
  • NFC near field communication
  • a preferred embodiment comprises
  • the NFC tag may be attached such that
  • the NFC tag is arranged on the first area 250, or, preferably such that,
  • a first part of the near field communication (NFC) tag is arranged on the first area 350, and (ii) a second part of the near field communication (NFC) tag is arranged on the second area 360.
  • An extruded profile 100 is an example of a more general panel 250.
  • a panel 250 comprising a tag 200, such as an aforementioned extruded profile 100, may be used to retrieve information associated with the panel.
  • the information may be related to various phases of the life of the panel.
  • the information may be related e.g. to
  • the tag of the panel such as the extruded profile, e.g. the identity thereof, or
  • the panel (such as the extruded profile itself), such as
  • the panel such as the extruded profile against some stress (e.g. strength, heat resistance, water proofness, etc.),
  • the location of the panel (such as the extruded profile) e.g.
  • a warehouse of a manufacturer, transporter, or seller
  • o in service e.g. location of a table comprising the profile
  • a structure 180 comprising the panel 250 such as the extruded profile 100 e.g.
  • a computer network link to a social media web-site, wherein an image of a structure (building such as a terrace; the structure comprising the panel) is shown, and may be commented by friends, or
  • a table 180 comprising the panel 250 such as the extruded profile 100 is located in the restaurant,
  • the panel 250 such as the extruded profile 100 is located on a wall or in a table of a terminal, or
  • the information may, in addition or alternatively, comprise a reference, such as a computer network address, in particular a world-wide-web address, to any or many of the information discussed above.
  • the NFC tag 200 may comprise read-only memory, write-once memory, and random access memory (write and/or read many times).
  • the identity of the NFC tag i.e. the identity of the panel
  • Information directly related to the panel itself, such as the manufacturer or the material may be stored to the write- once memory.
  • Other information may be stored in the random-access memory.
  • an end user may retrieve information associated with a panel comprising an NFC tag 200.
  • the end user may use a reader/writer device 300 (Fig. 2g), such as a mobile phone, a portable computer, or a specific NFC reader/writer device.
  • a method for retrieving information associated with a profile comprises
  • the information may be obtained by using a reader or a reader/writer device.
  • the information is requested 510 from the panel 250, in particular from the NFC tag 200 of the panel 250.
  • the NFC tag receives 515 the request.
  • the NFC tag 200 of the panel 250 sends 520 the information to the reader device.
  • the reader device receives 525 the information.
  • the information thus received may comprise at least one of
  • - a reference to information, e.g. an address in a computer network
  • the information associated with the panel such as the name of the manufacturer.
  • the information may comprise the identity of the NFC tag and an address to a database. Therefore, the database can be located, e.g. from a computer network, using the address, and the database can be accessed with the identity. Thus, information associated with the panel (or associated with the identity of the panel) can be retrieved. A database can be accessed e.g. as will be discussed below.
  • data structure will be used interchangeable with the term “database”.
  • the information may be obtained over an interface.
  • the information associated with an extruded profile is stored in a database.
  • the database may be accessed with the identity of the panel.
  • the database may be stored in the NFC tag.
  • the identity is not needed to access the database, and the method may be reduced to the method shown in Fig. 5a.
  • the database may be an external database, e.g. accessed over an interface such as a computer network.
  • the database may be located in the reader/writer device.
  • the database may be accessed with the identity of the panel such as the extruded profile.
  • a method for retrieving information associated with a panel profile comprising an NFC tag, such as an extruded profile comprising an NFC tag comprises
  • an embodiment comprises
  • an identity (ID) of the panel may be obtained, using the reader device, by requesting 510 the ID from the panel 250, in particular from the NFC tag of the panel.
  • the NFC tag receives 515 the request.
  • the NFC tag 200 of the panel 250 sends 520 the identity of the NFC tag.
  • the panel 250 can be identified by the identity of the tag 200.
  • the panel and the tag may therefore have the same identities.
  • the reader device receives 525 the ID.
  • the expression "obtaining an identity of the panel using the NFC tag” refers e.g. to this sequence (510, 515, 520, and 525) of operations.
  • the identity of the panel may, in principle, be obtained also by other means, e.g. it may be known. E.g. if the identity of another panel is known, the identity of the panel may be subsequent to the other panel. In this way, the identity may be known even without reading the identity of the panel.
  • information may be requested 530 over an interface.
  • an interface is accessed with the identity.
  • a database receives 535 the request.
  • the database sends 540 the information over the interface to the reader or reader/writer device.
  • the reader or reader/writer device receives 545 the requested information.
  • the interface may be one of
  • a computer network interface such as the Internet or an intranet
  • a computer memory device such as an internal memory of a computer, or
  • CD compact disc
  • DVD digital video disc
  • a magnetic device such as a hard drive
  • the information associated with the panel may comprise at least a part of the information discussed above or a reference thereto.
  • an embodiment further comprises
  • - accessing 530b an interface with the identity and the information about the location
  • the information retrieved depends not only on the panel itself, but also on its location.
  • the language in which information is presented may depend on the location.
  • the information itself may depend on the location from which it is retrieved.
  • the location may be obtained from a user or from a location sensor, such as a GPS (global positioning system) receiver.
  • An NFC tag 200 is a rapid way for retrieving the information. Moreover, due to the small reading distance of the NFC tag 200, the location wherein the tag 200 is read is well defined. For example, when a tag is read, it is known that the reader device is located within a few centimeters from the tag. Furthermore, the structure from which the tag 200 is read is well defined. E.g. both a floor and a table may comprise an NFC tag. However, due to the short reading distance, only one of these tags becomes read at a time.
  • Information related to a structure 180 may improve the user experience of the structure 180 or the service provider using the structure 180 (such as a table, a board, or a wall).
  • the user experience may be improved by giving access to information providing evidence about the quality of the services of the service provider or about the quality of the structure or the panel.
  • the user experience may be improved because of the social aspect of receiving information or exchanging information.
  • the reference e.g. a computer network address, may be related to information, but also to a computer interface to which the end user or the operator can supply information. In this way different users may exchange information using the panels.
  • the information associated with the first extruded profile (or panel) comprises information indicative of a computer network address
  • the information may be stored in the NFC tag (for reading the data as shown in Fig. 5a), or a database may be generated (for reading the data as shown in Fig. 5b or Fig. 5c).
  • a writer device or a reader/writer can be used.
  • a database Before a database can be accessed (Fig. 5b or 5c), such a database has to be generated.
  • some information is associated with a panel 250.
  • the information may be associated e.g. with the identity of the NFC tag 200 of the panel 250 (or with the identity of the panel 250).
  • the database comprises information associated with at least one panel comprising an NFC tag, in association with the identity of the panel 250 or in association with the identity the tag 200 of the panel 250. Referring to Fig. 6a, a method for associating information with an panel 250 comprises
  • the identity of the panel 250 may be obtained from the NFC tag 200 of the panel 250, e.g. as depicted in Fig. 5a. However, the identity may be otherwise known. For example, a range of identities may be known such that for the range of identities, the same information is to be associated. This might be the case e.g. when a multiple of panels are manufactured by the same manufacturer. Thus, the manufacturer may know the identities of the tags without reading them, or by visual observation of one identity, and knowing the increment between subsequent tags.
  • the information associated with all the panels may be e.g. a computer network address to the manufacturer's computer network address. Thus, the identity may be obtained from a user (as in input), from a panel, or from a database.
  • the information may be stored in a database.
  • the information may be added to an existing database, or the information may be used to generate a new database.
  • previous data in association with the panel may be deleted.
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that information associated with an panel is to be updated, and the other information that is used for updating.
  • information may be deleted from the database, without adding new information.
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that information associated with an panel is to be removed from the database. Removal may technically refer to updating old information with new, empty, information.
  • the information may comprise or consist of a reference to other information.
  • the information may be a computer network address to the other information.
  • an embodiment of the method for associating information with a panel further comprises
  • the information stored in the database may be associated with a reference location.
  • Different reference locations may point to e.g. different translations of a document.
  • the reference location to be entered to the database is not necessarily the location in which the panel is at the time of entering data to a database.
  • the reference location may indicate a location in Japan, even if the panel is in Finland at the time of writing the database.
  • a database is accessed (Fig. 5c) with the identity and a location in Japan, a Japanese translation of a product specification could be retrieved.
  • the set 700 of panels may refer e.g. to a pile 700 of panels 250, or to a set of piles of panels 250.
  • the pile(s) of panels may be bound together to form a storage unit or a transportation unit.
  • the pile 700 comprises multiple panels 250.
  • the number of panels in a set of panels may be e.g. at least one, at least two, at least ten, least twenty, least thirty, at least fifty, or at least a hundred. In a typical warehouse, the number of panels in a pile is e.g. 330. Most preferably, a set of panels comprises at least two panels.
  • the panels 250 are located close to each other.
  • the distance between two neighboring panels is negligible, since neighboring panels are in contact.
  • the distance between the centers of neighboring panels correspond to the panel thickness, e.g. at most 50 mm.
  • some piles may comprise spacers in between two adjacent panels, whereby the distance between adjacent panels can be somewhat larger.
  • a set of panels comprises
  • the set comprises at least one pair of panels having a first panel and a second panel such that the distance between the first panel and the second panel is at most 100 mm (i.e. 10 cm); such as at most 50 mm
  • the first panel is arranged to contact the second panel.
  • a set of panels i.e. pile 700 of Fig. 7a, comprises 32 panels referred to as 250/1 , 250/2, and 250/32.
  • Fig. 7a Only some of these reference numbers are shown in Fig. 7a. The numbering from 1 to 32 is increasing in the pile 700; first from top to bottom, and second, from right to left, as depicted in the Figure 7a.
  • a pile comprises multiple such aforementioned closely located pairs, such as the pairs (250/1 , 205/1 ) and (250/2, 250/3) as depicted in Fig. 7a.
  • the pair of panels forms a single entity such as a part of the pile.
  • the pile is vertical. In a vertical pile, the distance between two panels (if any) is vertically aligned. However, typically the panels are connected to each other, whereby the thickness of the panels is directed vertically.
  • NFC NFC in relation to such large sets or piles of panels
  • the set 700 not all of NFC tags a readable. Because of the short reading distance, for example in the set 700 of Fig. 7a, only the NFC tag on the right hand side, i.e. the tags 200/1 , 200/2, and 200/8, and the tag on the top, i.e. the tags 200/1 , 200/9, 200/17, and 200/25, would be readable by an NFC reader.
  • the tags 200 of the panels 250, the tags located in the inner parts, e.g. 200/32, 200/31 , 200/24, 200/15, and 200/10 could not be accessed with an NFC reader.
  • FIG. 7b shows an embodiment method for retrieving information associated with a set 700 of panels 250, wherein
  • the set 700 of panels 250 comprises a first panel 250
  • the first panel 250 comprises a near field communication (NFC) tag 200, the method comprising
  • the set 700 of panels is a set that comprises the first panel 250, such as an extruded profile 100.
  • the process of obtaining an identity comprises
  • the NFC tag sends 720 the information to a reader or a reader/writer device.
  • the set 700 of a panels 250 is a concrete set comprising concrete panels.
  • the term "set of panel ids" refers to an abstract set or data structure such that, using the set or a data structure, one can determine whether or not an id belongs to the "set of panel ids".
  • Such a set of panel ids corresponds to a concrete set of panels.
  • a set of panel ids corresponds to a set of panels, provided that a set of panels comprises a panel if, and only if, the corresponding set of panel ids comprises the id of the panel.
  • An interface is accessed 730 using the identity of a panel.
  • a database receives 735 the identity.
  • a database locates 737 the set of panel ids that comprises the obtained identity of the panel; or a database locates 737 the set of panels that comprises the panel having the obtained identity.
  • the database sends 740 the information associated with the set of panels or the set of panel ids over the interface.
  • the reader device receives 745 the information associated with the set of panels or panel ids.
  • Naturally information related to a set of panel ids may be the same as the information related to the corresponding set of panels.
  • the corresponding set of panels means the set of panels such that the set of panel ids consists of all the identities of the panels of the corresponding set of panels. For example, if a set of panels is known to have been manufactured on 16 th August, exactly the same information can be associated with the corresponding set of panel ids.
  • the information about (i) the identities of the panels 250 in the set of panels or (ii) the identities in the (corresponding) set of panel ids is stored in a first database.
  • the information related to the set of panels or panel ids as a whole is stored to the same database in Fig. 7b.
  • the information related to the set of panels or panel ids as a whole is stored to a second database in Fig. 7b.
  • the second database may be the same as the first database.
  • the second database may be different from the first database.
  • the information about a set of panels may comprise information about the identities of the panels 250 in the set of panels and/or information related to the sets as a wholes.
  • the infornnation about (i) the identities of the panels 250 in the set of panels or (ii) the identities in the (corresponding) set of panel ids may comprise, in association with an identity of a set, information related to content of a set, such as at least one of:
  • the information related to the sets as a wholes may comprise, in association with an identity of a set, information related actions for the objects of the set, such as at least one of:
  • the last seven items clear relate to a physical set of panels, and in case of a set of panel ids, to the set of panels that correspond the set of panel ids.
  • the number of panels in a set 700 of panels is equal to the number of panel identities in the corresponding set of panel ids.
  • the aforementioned pieces of information, such as the number of panels, the transportation entity, a scheduled date for shipment, and the location in a warehouse, can be used e.g. to manage a warehouse.
  • the set of panels comprises at least a first panel and a second panel
  • the first panel comprises a first near field communication (NFC) tag
  • - the second panel comprises a second near field communication (NFC) tag
  • the identity of the first panel itself is information indicative of an identity of the first panel.
  • an embodiment comprises
  • the database 1 is accessed over the interface "interface 1 ", and the database 2 is accessed over the interface "interface 2".
  • the databases and/or the interfaces may be the same or different.
  • the process of obtaining the identity (set ID) of the set 700 comprises
  • a pallet 702 (Fig. 7a) may be equipped with an id, such as a bar code.
  • an additional NFC may be arranged in a pallet, whereby the identity of the pallet could be read with an NFC reader.
  • This identity of the pallet may serve as an identity for a set of panels or set of panel ids (set id), and information may be associated in connection with this identity.
  • the ordered list may be used to authenticate a set 700 of panels.
  • the information about the set of panels may be an ordered list of the identities of the panels in the set of panels.
  • the ordered list of identities can be read from the pile 700 of the panels. By comparing the list that was read with the list that can be retrieved from a database, an indication of the authenticity of the set 700 is provided. In case the order has been changed, tampering has occurred.
  • an embodiment of a method authenticating a set of panels comprises,
  • option (ii) the items of the corresponding pairs of the ordered lists can be compared. Provided that all the items are the same, the set can be determined as authentic. Otherwise, the set may can be determined a fraudulent.
  • option (i) a first checksum can be calculated using the ordered list of panel identities and a second checksum can be calculated using the ordered reference list of panel identities. Provided that all the checksums are the same, the set can be determined as authentic. Otherwise, the set may can be determined a fraudulent.
  • a data structure such as the database, comprises - information on a first panel comprising an NFC tag, and
  • the data structure can be used for controlling the operation of a computer.
  • the data structure when used in execution of a computer program, are arranged to cause, in response to receiving said information on a first panel comprising an NFC tag, the computer program to send the information on the second panel comprising an NFC tag.
  • the information on a second panel comprising an NFC tag comprises at least an indication that the second panel belongs to a set of panels comprising the first panel.
  • the data structure comprises an indication that the first panel is located within a close distance from the second panel, as discussed above.
  • the data structure when used in execution of a computer program, is arranged to cause, in response to receiving said information on a first panel comprising an NFC tag, the computer program to send the identity of a panel (preferably the identities of all the panels) comprised by a set of panels, the set of panels comprising the first panel.
  • a computer program product comprising computer program code embodied on a computer readable medium (possibly non-transitory computer readable medium), is herein disclosed.
  • the computer program code is, when executed on a processor, arranged to cause a computer to perform the method disclosed herein.
  • a computer arranged to performed a method, as disclosed herein is also disclosed.
  • the information about the set 700 of panels can be used to retrieve information associated with a second extruded panel comprised by the set of panels.
  • information associated with e.g. the panel 250/24 can be retrieved from a database.
  • the information about a set of panels, which is received using e.g. the identity of a first panel 250/1 comprises an identity of a second panel, e.g. of the panel 250/24.
  • the embodiment further comprises retrieving, using the identity of the second panel, information associated with the second panel.
  • information associated with a panel that cannot be read using an NFC reader can still be obtained.
  • a database To retrieve the information about a set of panels or a set of panel ids, a database must exist. Such a database can be generated by associating information with a set of panel ids (or panels).
  • a set 700 comprises at least one panel 250; whereby a set of panel ids comprises at least one identity of a panel.
  • an embodiment of a method for associating information with a set of panels comprises
  • - obtaining 805 information about a set such as a set of panels or a set of panel ids,
  • Obtaining a first identity of a first panel may be requested and received, as discussed in connection with e.g. Fig. 5a.
  • Information about a set may comprise information about an action.
  • Obtaining 805 information about a set may comprise obtaining or defining an action.
  • the action is to generate.
  • the action is to update.
  • the action may be to delete (or to update, as will be discussed).
  • a user may determine or define the action. For example, a user may determine the action of generating a database only when a first panel is piled to a pile 700; whereby a set of panel ids will be generated using the id of the first panel. For the subsequent panels, the passivity of the user may signal the reader/writer apparatus 300 that the set of panel ids is to be updated using the subsequent identities.
  • the database receives 835 the at least one identity of a panel and information, such as, or comprising at least the action.
  • the action may be e.g. indicative of generating a data structure or updating a data structure.
  • the database may be arranged to determine 836, using information indicative of the action, to
  • data may be deleted from the database.
  • Deletion is a special case of updating, since in deletion old data is replaced by no data.
  • Sending an error message may occur, e.g. if a database is not capable of performing a requested action.
  • database makes 838 an identity for the set of panel ids (or a set of panels).
  • the identity of the set may be equal to the first identity of an panel in the set (of panels or panel ids).
  • the database makes 875 a data structure using the set identity and the first identity of the first panel.
  • the data structure may represent a set of panel ids.
  • the data structure may comprises only the identity of the panel and an indication that the panel forms a set 700 of panels or that the identity of the panel form a set of panel identities.
  • the database may comprise information on at least one set of panel ids; preferably the database comprises information on multiple (e.g. at least two) sets of panel ids.
  • the database may send, and a reader/writer device may receive 845 the set identity (set ID). This is shown as the optional step 845 in Fig. 8a.
  • the set identity may be received 845, as indicated in Fig. 8a.
  • the received set identity in connection with an identity of the subsequent panel(s) or panel id(s) may be used to update the database e.g. with the identities of subsequent panels.
  • the embodiment comprises
  • the set of panels comprises the panel of which identity is used in the accessing 830.
  • panel identities is the set of identities corresponding to the set of panels.
  • the set of panel identities comprises the identity that is used in the accessing 830.
  • a set identity can be obtained 828 by other means.
  • the panels 250 may be piled on a pallet 702.
  • the pallet may be equipped with an identity, such as a bar code.
  • the identity of the pallet forms information about the set 700 of the panels or the set of panel ids. This identity may be used to access the database.
  • the data structure can be generated using the identity of the pallet and the identity of the first panel. Thereafter, the data structure can be updated using the identity of the pallet and the identity of the subsequent panel or subsequent panels. Alternatively, thereafter the data structure can be updated using the identity of the first panel and the identity of the subsequent panel or subsequent panels.
  • the reader/writer device 300 obtains information about the set, wherein the information is the identity of the set. This embodiment comprises
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises (i) of the set of panels comprising the panel of which identity was obtained or (ii) the identity of the set of panel ids comprising the obtained identity of the panel.
  • the information may further comprise an indication to generate a data structure.
  • the step of making 838 the set ID would simply comprise using the identity given by the user as the set ID. However, if such an identity was not available, the database would communicate this over the interface (not shown, or by sending another, free set identity to the user, as shown by "set ID" in between the phases 838 and 845).
  • the first identity may be the identity of the panel 250 (e.g. 250/32) that is placed first to the set.
  • a data structure may be generated using this identity and the action to generate.
  • a subsequent identity may be the identity of the panel 250 (e.g. 250/1 ) that is placed last to the set.
  • the data structure could be updated with the subsequent identity and the action to update.
  • the set of panels 700 comprises all the panels having their identities in the range from the first identity to the last identity.
  • the set of panel ids it may be assumed, that the set of panel ids comprises all the panel identities in the range from the first identity to the last identity. This is in particular the case, where panels are made in a manufacturing line, subsequent NFC tags are attached to subsequent panels, and subsequent panels are placed in a pile (i.e. a set 700).
  • an interface can be accessed with the identities of all the remaining panels in the set of panel ids or for the set of panels. Either subsequently one by one, or in a single run with all the remaining identities. In this way, the identities need not to be subsequent identities.
  • the list of identities may be an ordered list or an unordered list.
  • An interface can be accessed with a first identity of an panel and some information about a set.
  • the information about a set may comprise information about an action.
  • the information about a set may further comprise additional information about the set.
  • the database can be accessed with an identity of a set and other information, whereby the identity of an panel is not necessarily read.
  • the identity of the set may be read with a bar code reader.
  • the database can be accessed with information comprising
  • the information on the sets comprising the panel identities may be comprised in a first database (Database 1 ).
  • the first database may be used to associate a set identity with an identity of a panel.
  • the "set” may be a set of panels or a set of identities, i.e. the "set” may comprise the identity or the panel having the identity.
  • the first database can be accesses over a first interface.
  • the information related to the sets 700 as a wholes and/or the information about the identities of the panels 250 in the set of panels (or panel ids) may be comprised in a second database (Database 2).
  • the second database can be accesses over a second interface.
  • the first and the second databases can be the same databases or different databases.
  • the first and the second interfaces can be the same interfaces or different interfaces.
  • Fig. 8b The embodiment of Fig. 8b comprises
  • the method comprises
  • This information can be obtained at some point before accessing the first interface or a second interface with the identity of the set and the further information to be associated with the set.
  • the database can be accessed with information, such as:
  • further information may comprise also other information, e.g. the information discussed above.
  • a data structure for a set is generated.
  • the data structure initially comprises the first identity of a panel in connection with an identity of the set.
  • This embodiment comprises - obtaining an identity of the panel,
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that a set of panels or a set of panel ids is to be generated.
  • the embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 6a, and also in Fig. 8a.
  • the action obtained 805 from the user is to generate the data structure.
  • the optional step 828 and the related steps are omitted.
  • the data structure is generated 860.
  • a data structure for a set is generated.
  • the data structure initially comprises the first identity of a panel and the set is identified by an identity supplied by a user.
  • This embodiment comprises the steps of the case (i), however,
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that a set of panels or a set of panel ids is to be generated and an identity for the set (of panels or panel ids).
  • a data structure for a set is generated.
  • the data structure initially comprises the first identity of n panel and other information.
  • This embodiment comprises the step of the case (i), however,
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that a set of panels or a set of panel ids is to be generated and further information such as (1 ) the destination, or (2) the identities.
  • the "destination” refers to the destination of the physical set of panels, while the “identities” can be added to the abstract set of panel ids.
  • a data structure for a set of panels is generated. The fourth case is similar to the third case (iii). However,
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises an indication that a set of panels or a set of panel ids is to be generated, an identity for the set, and further information such as (1 ) the destination, or (2) the identities.
  • an existing data structure for a set (of panels or panel ids) is updated.
  • the data structure for the set is identified using the identity of the set.
  • the data structure is updated with the identity of the panel. I.e. the identity of the panel is added to the database, in connection with the existing information about the set.
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises
  • o an identity of a set, such as a set of panels or a set of panel ids, and o an indication that information in connection with the set is to be updated.
  • an existing data structure for a set (of panels or panel ids) is updated.
  • the data structure for the set is identified using the first identity of the first panel, wherein the first panel or its identity is known to be comprised by the set before updating the database.
  • the data structure for the set comprises also the second identity of the second panel.
  • the naming for first and second identities is arbitrary, i.e. either one can be used to identify the set, while the other can be added. As implicitly indicated, multiple of identities can be added to the database at the same time. One of the identities may be used to identify the set. In this embodiment,
  • the information to be associated with the panel comprises
  • an existing data structure for a set (of panels or panel ids) is updated with further information.
  • the data structure is identified with the identity of the set.
  • the data structure is updated with the further information, e.g. (1 ) a destination or (2) a number of other identities of panels.
  • the "destination” refers to the destination of the physical set of panels, while the "identities” can be added to the abstract set of panel ids.
  • This embodiment comprises - obtaining further information to be associated with the set, such as the set of panels or the set of panel ids, and
  • the further information to be associated with the set comprises
  • an indication that information in connection with the set is to be updated does not necessarily comprise obtaining an identity of the panel.
  • the set identity is obtained using an identity of a panel (e.g. Fig. 8b, 830, 835, 837, 840, 845). That embodiment comprises obtaining an identity of the panel.
  • an existing data structure for a set is updated with further information.
  • the data structure is identified with the first identity of the first panel, as indicated above (cf. e.g. the sixth case vi).
  • the data structure is updated with the further information, e.g. (1 ) a destination or (2) a number of other identities of panels.
  • the information about a set can also be considered as information associated with an panel.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 7b is a special case of the embodiment of Fig. 5b.
  • the information associated with a first panel comprises information about a set of panels (or a set of panel ids), wherein the a set of panels comprises the first panel (or the set of panel ids comprises the identity of the first panel).
  • the embodiments of the Figures 8a and 8b are specials cases of the embodiment of Fig. 6a or 6b.
  • the information associated with a first panel comprises information about a set (of panels or panel ids), wherein the set comprises the first panel or its identity.
  • a database may be used to store information associated with a set of panels or set of panel ids.
  • the database may comprise
  • database further comprises
  • the database comprises information on a multiple of panels, in connection with the identity of the set (of panels or panel ids).
  • the multiple may refer to a number of at least 5, at least 10, at least 50, preferably at least 100, and more preferably at least 300; in connection with the identity of the set.
  • the database comprises information about the set, wherein the identity of the set is associated with the information about the set. Furthermore, the information about the set comprises at least one of - the number of panels in the set of panels,
  • the database is arranged to perform some operations in response to the information that is used to access the database.
  • the database is arranged to receive information comprising
  • the database is arranged, in response to the information indicative of an action to
  • Some applications include
  • the information associated with a set may include e.g.
  • a destination for the set i.e. the pile
  • a target destination for shipment i.e. the set in a warehouse
  • a user in the warehouse may simply read the tag of one panel comprised in the pile to determine the information. Moreover, the method is insensitive to which of the panels is actually read.
  • a database can be accessed with any identity of a panel, wherein the panel is comprised by the set.
  • a panel can be read to update information regarding the set, wherein the information may comprise at least one of
  • o indication of a fault during transportation e.g. if the temperature during transportation exceeds or goes below a limit
  • o indication of payment of the set of panels e.g. if the temperature during transportation exceeds or goes below a limit

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un profil extrudé (100) comprenant une étiquette (200) de communication par champ proche (NFC) au moyen de laquelle des informations relatives au profil extrudé peuvent être obtenues par lecture de l'étiquette NFC. L'étiquette NFC peut être disposée dans une rainure du profil. La forme de la rainure peut être conçue pour améliorer la lisibilité de l'étiquette. Dans un agencement, l'étiquette NFC est couverte par un objet. L'invention concerne un procédé pour fabriquer un profil extrudé et un procédé pour marquer un profil extrudé. L'invention concerne un procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un profil extrudé. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ensemble de panneaux. L'ensemble de panneaux comprend au moins un premier panneau et un deuxième panneau munis d'étiquettes NFC. De préférence, au moins deux panneaux de l'ensemble sont situés à proximité l'un de l'autre. L'invention concerne en outre un ordinateur agencé pour exécuter le procédé, et un produit de programme d'ordinateur et une structure de données pour exécuter le procédé.
PCT/FI2013/050827 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux WO2015028699A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2013/050827 WO2015028699A1 (fr) 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux
DE212013000309.9U DE212013000309U1 (de) 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Extrudiertes Profil zum Abrufen von mit Paneel oder Paneelen assoziierter Information

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2013/050827 WO2015028699A1 (fr) 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015028699A1 true WO2015028699A1 (fr) 2015-03-05

Family

ID=52585642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2013/050827 WO2015028699A1 (fr) 2013-08-28 2013-08-28 Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE212013000309U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015028699A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2536697A (en) * 2015-03-26 2016-09-28 Bpb United Kingdom Ltd Building element
NO344884B1 (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-06-15 Easyzeek As NFC Tag and NFC reader device for detecting an Point of Interest, PoI

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009073620A (ja) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Nec Tokin Corp 物品管理システム
EP2230626A1 (fr) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-22 Dula-Werke Dustmann & Co. GmbH Procédé de marquage et procédé de traitement de plaques de matériau massif ou composite par RFID ainsi que dispositif correspondant
EP2461276A2 (fr) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-06 IMA Klessmann GmbH Procédé de traitement de produits sous forme de plaques
US20130088330A1 (en) * 2011-10-08 2013-04-11 Thinglink Oy Use of multiple nfc tags

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009073620A (ja) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Nec Tokin Corp 物品管理システム
EP2230626A1 (fr) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-22 Dula-Werke Dustmann & Co. GmbH Procédé de marquage et procédé de traitement de plaques de matériau massif ou composite par RFID ainsi que dispositif correspondant
EP2461276A2 (fr) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-06 IMA Klessmann GmbH Procédé de traitement de produits sous forme de plaques
US20130088330A1 (en) * 2011-10-08 2013-04-11 Thinglink Oy Use of multiple nfc tags

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2536697A (en) * 2015-03-26 2016-09-28 Bpb United Kingdom Ltd Building element
NO344884B1 (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-06-15 Easyzeek As NFC Tag and NFC reader device for detecting an Point of Interest, PoI

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE212013000309U1 (de) 2016-06-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1881895B1 (fr) Plancher comportant des panneaux de fibres haute densité à décor imprimé et son procédé de fabrication
CN100584599C (zh) 具有合成树脂表面层和木质人造板的地板
US20190276671A1 (en) Bio-composite and Bioplastic Materials and Method
US20040224135A1 (en) Decorative surface covering with embedded RF antenna and RF shield and method for making the same
US8228201B2 (en) Placard having embedded RFID device for tracking objects
NL2016003B1 (en) A decorative panel.
Winandy et al. Improving the utility, performance, and durability of wood-and bio-based composites
WO2008091045A1 (fr) Produit d'intérieur possédant une couche de base imprimée par transfert et son procédé de fabrication
DE102008007015A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schalungselementen
CA2678556C (fr) Etiquette d'identification en papier multifonctionnelle
CN103903040B (zh) 产品身份验证防伪标贴及验证方法
WO2015028699A1 (fr) Profil extrudé et procédé pour récupérer des informations associées à un ou plusieurs panneaux
CN105507493A (zh) 一种带身份识别的板材及其制造工艺
Häkli et al. Challenges and Possibilities of RFID in the Forest Industry
CN205530999U (zh) 一种带身份识别的板材
Arya et al. Plastic bonded plywood using waste polypropylene container
EP3534302A2 (fr) Dispositif rfid, système et procédé
US20090256681A1 (en) Rfid folder label
Ashori et al. Preparation and characterization of plywood panels using recycled HDPE as a formaldehyde-free adhesive: A comparative study
CN203659042U (zh) 电力多业务应用电子标签
CN205881327U (zh) Rfid防伪防窜吊牌
Özkaya et al. Study of effect of waste tire rubber which is a recycling material in production of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) boards
CN206480015U (zh) 信息识别牌
KR102621194B1 (ko) 칩이 부착된 원목 카드
Alade et al. Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Eucalyptus grandis laminates

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13892138

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2120130003099

Country of ref document: DE

Ref document number: 212013000309

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 13892138

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1