WO2015020103A1 - 短絡素子、及び短絡回路 - Google Patents

短絡素子、及び短絡回路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015020103A1
WO2015020103A1 PCT/JP2014/070772 JP2014070772W WO2015020103A1 WO 2015020103 A1 WO2015020103 A1 WO 2015020103A1 JP 2014070772 W JP2014070772 W JP 2014070772W WO 2015020103 A1 WO2015020103 A1 WO 2015020103A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
short
soluble conductor
circuit
heating element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/070772
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
吉弘 米田
Original Assignee
デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by デクセリアルズ株式会社 filed Critical デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority to KR1020167003405A priority Critical patent/KR102233539B1/ko
Priority to CN201480044984.1A priority patent/CN105453212B/zh
Publication of WO2015020103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015020103A1/ja

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a short-circuit element and a short-circuit that physically and electrically short-circuit an open power supply line and signal line with an electric signal.
  • a battery pack incorporates a number of protection circuits such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection, It has a function of shutting off the output of the battery pack in a predetermined case.
  • Some types of protection elements perform overcharge protection or overdischarge protection operation of the battery pack by turning on / off the output using an FET switch built in the battery pack.
  • FET switch When the FET switch is short-circuited for some reason, a lightning surge or the like is applied and an instantaneous large current flows, or the output voltage drops abnormally due to the life of the battery cell, or excessively abnormal Even when the voltage is output, the battery pack and the electronic device must be protected from accidents such as ignition. Therefore, in order to safely shut off the output of the battery cell in any possible abnormal state, a protection element made of a fuse element having a function of cutting off the current path by an external signal is used. .
  • a protection element of a protection circuit for a lithium ion secondary battery or the like As a protection element of a protection circuit for a lithium ion secondary battery or the like, as described in Patent Document 1, it can be extended between the first electrode, the heating element extraction electrode, and the second electrode on the current path.
  • a molten conductor is connected to form a part of a current path, and the fusible conductor on the current path is melted by a self-heating due to an overcurrent or a heating element provided inside the protective element.
  • the molten liquid soluble conductor is collected on the conductor layer connected to the heating element, thereby interrupting the current path.
  • HEVs Electric Vehicles
  • EVs Electric Vehicles
  • a lithium ion secondary battery has been used from the viewpoint of energy density and output characteristics.
  • a high voltage and a large current are required.
  • dedicated cells that can withstand high voltages and large currents have been developed, but in many cases due to manufacturing cost problems, it is necessary to connect multiple battery cells in series and in parallel to use general-purpose cells. Secures the correct voltage and current.
  • the short-circuit element 50 is connected in parallel with the battery cell 51 on the charge / discharge path, and is normally opened, and the two open electrodes 52 and 53 that are open when melted.
  • a fusible conductor 54 that short-circuits between 52 and 53 and a heating element 55 that is connected in series with the fusible conductor 54 and that melts the fusible conductor 54.
  • the heating element 55 self-heats when a current flows through the charge / discharge path, and melts the soluble conductor 54 by this heat (Joule heat).
  • the heating element 55 is connected to a current control element 56 such as an FET.
  • the current control element 56 regulates power supply to the heating element 55 when the battery cell 51 is normal, and controls the current to flow to the heating element 55 via the charge / discharge path when abnormal.
  • the battery circuit using the short-circuit element 50 shuts off the battery cell 51 from the charge / discharge path by the protection element 57 and activates the current control element 56.
  • a current is passed through the heating element 55.
  • the soluble conductor 54 is melted by the heat of the heating element 55, and the molten conductor is aggregated and bonded onto the two open electrodes 52 and 53. Therefore, the open electrodes 52 and 53 are short-circuited by the molten conductor, thereby forming a current path that bypasses the battery cell 51.
  • the short-circuit element 50 when used in a digital signal line that passes a current weaker than that of the power supply line, power is supplied to obtain a sufficient amount of heat to cause the heat generating element 55 to melt the fusible conductor 54. Therefore, the use of the short-circuit element 50 is limited to the use of the power supply line.
  • the current control element 56 that switches the current path to the heating element 55 side is required to improve the rating in the same manner as the current rating increases.
  • a highly rated current control element is generally expensive and disadvantageous in terms of cost.
  • the present invention can supply sufficient power for fusing a soluble conductor to a heating element even when incorporated in a weak current path, and can be used for any application, and An object is to provide a short circuit.
  • a short-circuit element includes an insulating substrate, a heating element, first and second electrodes provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate, and the first electrode.
  • a third electrode provided adjacent to the electrode; a fourth electrode provided adjacent to the second electrode; and the heating element mounted from the first electrode to the third electrode.
  • the first fusible conductor fused between the first electrode and the third electrode by heating from the first electrode and the fourth fusible electrode mounted from the second electrode to the fourth electrode.
  • a second soluble conductor that is fused between the second electrode and the fourth electrode by heating; a fifth electrode that is electrically connected to the heating element; and the fifth electrode.
  • a sixth electrode provided adjacent to the sixth electrode is mounted from the fifth electrode to the sixth electrode.
  • a third soluble conductor that is connected in series with the heating element and is fused between the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode by heating from the heating element.
  • the first and second fusible conductors are melted by heating, and the fused conductors aggregated on the first and second electrodes are combined to short-circuit the first and second electrodes. is there.
  • a short circuit includes a first circuit having a first fuse, first and second electrodes formed adjacent to each other and insulated, and the first circuit, A second circuit formed electrically independently and having a heating element and a second fuse connected to one end of the heating element; The first fuse is melted by the generated heat to short-circuit the first and second electrodes, and then the second fuse is blown to stop the heat generation of the heating element.
  • the current path extending between the first and second electrodes incorporated in the external circuit and the power feeding path to the heating element for fusing the first and second soluble conductors are electrically independent. Therefore, it is possible to supply electric power for obtaining a heat generation amount sufficient for fusing the first and second soluble conductors to the heating element regardless of the type of the external circuit. Therefore, according to the present invention, the present invention can be applied not only to a power supply circuit but also to a digital signal circuit for passing a weak current as an external circuit.
  • the power supply path to the heating element is formed electrically independent of the current path between the first and second electrodes incorporated in the external circuit, the power supply to the heating element is performed.
  • the current control element to be controlled can be selected according to the rating of the heating element regardless of the current rating of the external circuit, and can be manufactured at a lower cost.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a short-circuit element to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the heat generation center of the heat generating element in the short-circuit element.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a short-circuit element to which the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a short circuit to which the present invention is applied.
  • 5A and 5B are diagrams showing a short-circuit element in which the first and second electrodes are short-circuited.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view and FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram.
  • FIG. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a short-circuit element in which the fifth and sixth electrodes are cut off and heat generation from the heating element is stopped.
  • FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 6B is a circuit diagram
  • 7A and 7B are diagrams showing another short-circuit element to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 7A is a plan view and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view.
  • 8A and 8B are diagrams showing another short-circuit element to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 8A is a plan view and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 8A is a plan view
  • FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a short-circuit element in which a heating element is formed on the back surface of the insulating substrate.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a short-circuit element in which a heating element is formed inside an insulating layer.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a short-circuit element in which a heating element is formed inside an insulating substrate.
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a short-circuit element in which a heating element and first to sixth electrodes are formed on the surface of an insulating substrate.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack having a short-circuit element having a protective resistor.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a soluble conductor having a high-melting-point metal layer and a low-melting-point metal layer and having a coating structure
  • (A) is a structure in which the high-melting-point metal layer is an inner layer and is covered with a low-melting-point metal layer.
  • (B) shows a structure in which a low melting point metal layer is used as an inner layer and is covered with a high melting point metal layer.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a soluble conductor having a laminated structure of a high-melting point metal layer and a low-melting point metal layer, where (A) shows a two-layer structure, and (B) shows a three-layer structure of an inner layer and an outer layer. .
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a soluble conductor having a multilayer structure of a high melting point metal layer and a low melting point metal layer.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view showing a fusible conductor in which a linear opening is formed on the surface of the refractory metal layer and the low melting point metal layer is exposed.
  • FIG. 17A shows the opening along the longitudinal direction.
  • the formed part (B) has an opening formed in the width direction.
  • FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a soluble conductor in which a circular opening is formed on the surface of the refractory metal layer and the low melting point metal layer is exposed.
  • FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a soluble conductor in which a circular opening is formed in a refractory metal layer and a low melting point metal is filled therein.
  • FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a battery circuit using the short-circuit element according to the reference example.
  • the short-circuit element 1 to which the present invention is applied is provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate 10, the heating element 17, and the surface 10 a side of the insulating substrate 10.
  • a first fusible conductor 21 mounted between the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 and fusing between the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 by heating from the heating element 17;
  • the second soluble conductor 22 is mounted between the second electrode 12 and the fourth electrode 14 and is fused between the second electrode 12 and the fourth electrode 14 by heating from the heating element 17.
  • the short-circuit element 1 includes a fifth electrode 15 electrically connected to the heating element 17 and a sixth electrode 16 provided adjacent to the fifth electrode 15 on the surface 10 a side of the insulating substrate 10. And is connected in series with the heating element 17 by being mounted from the fifth electrode 15 to the sixth electrode 16, and between the fifth electrode 15 and the sixth electrode 16 by heating from the heating element 17. And a third fusible conductor 23 that is melted at the same time.
  • the short circuit element 1 fuses the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 21 and 22 by the heating from the heat generating body 17, and the aggregated molten conductor couple
  • the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 are short-circuited.
  • the insulating substrate 10 is formed in a substantially square shape using an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like.
  • the insulating substrate 10 may be made of a material used for a printed wiring board such as a glass epoxy board or a phenol board, but attention should be paid to the temperature at which the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 are blown. There is a need to.
  • the heating element 17 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 10 using a screen printing technique and then fired.
  • the heating element 17 is covered with an insulating layer 18 on the surface 10 a of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the insulating layer 18 is provided to protect and insulate the heating element 17 and efficiently transmit the heat of the heating element 17 to the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16, and is made of, for example, a glass layer.
  • the heating element 17 has one end connected to a heating element extraction electrode 19 formed on the insulating substrate 10 and the other end connected to a fifth electrode 15 described later.
  • the heating element extraction electrode 19 is formed with a heating element electrode terminal portion 20 facing the side edge of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the heating element extraction electrode 19 is connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 10 through the through hole 27.
  • the heating element 17 is connected to a current control element 33 described later via a heating element extraction electrode 19, a heating element electrode terminal portion 20, and an external connection terminal.
  • First to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 are formed on the insulating layer 18 covering the heating element 17.
  • the first electrode 11 is formed adjacent to the second electrode 12 on one side, and is insulated by being separated.
  • a third electrode 13 is formed on the other side of the first electrode 11, and the first and third electrodes 11, 13 support both side edges of the first soluble conductor 21, thereby The misalignment of the soluble conductor 21 is prevented.
  • the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 are electrically connected by being integrally formed on the insulating layer 18 and physically separated by laminating an insulating member 25 such as glass. Has been.
  • the first and third electrodes 11 and 13 are integrally formed on the insulating layer 18, the insulating member 25 is stacked, and the first fusible conductor 21 is stacked on the insulating member 25, whereby the insulating member 25 is stacked.
  • the first and third electrodes 11 and 13 are mounted with a first soluble conductor 21 to be described later via a mounting solder 26.
  • the first electrode 11 has a first electrode terminal portion 11 a that faces the side surface of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the first electrode terminal portion 11 a is connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 10 through the through hole 27.
  • the 1st electrode terminal part 11a is connected to the end of the electric current path of the device in which the short circuit element 1 is mounted via an external connection terminal.
  • a fourth electrode 14 is formed on the other side opposite to the one side adjacent to the first electrode 11 of the second electrode 12, and the second fusible electrode 12, 14 provides a second soluble property. By supporting both side edges of the conductor 22, the displacement of the second fusible conductor 22 is prevented.
  • the second electrode 12 and the fourth electrode 14 are electrically connected by being integrally formed on the insulating layer 18, and an insulating member 25 such as glass is provided. They are physically separated by being stacked.
  • the second and fourth electrodes 12 and 14 are mounted with a second soluble conductor 22 to be described later via a mounting solder 26.
  • the second electrode 12 has a second electrode terminal portion 12 a that faces the side surface of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the second electrode terminal portion 12 a is connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 10 through the through hole 27.
  • the second electrode terminal portion 12a is connected to the other end of the current path of the device on which the short-circuit element is mounted via the external connection terminal.
  • the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 are short-circuited by agglomeration and bonding of the molten conductors of the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22, so that more molten conductors can be held and reliably It is preferable to form a larger area than the third and fourth electrodes 13 and 14 so that they can be combined (see FIG. 1B).
  • the fifth electrode 15 has a lower layer portion 15a connected to the heating element 17, and an upper layer portion 15b formed on the insulating layer 18 and on which the third soluble conductor 23 is mounted.
  • a sixth electrode 16 is formed on a side opposite to the side where the lower layer portion 15a of the upper layer portion 15b of the fifth electrode 15 is provided with a predetermined distance therebetween.
  • the fifth and sixth electrodes 15 and 16 are mounted with a third fusible conductor 23 to be described later via a mounting solder 26.
  • the sixth electrode 16 is formed with a sixth electrode terminal portion 16 a that faces the side surface of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the sixth electrode terminal portion 16 a is connected to an external connection terminal (not shown) provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 10 through the through hole 27.
  • the sixth electrode terminal portion 16a is connected to an external power source 34 that supplies current to the heating element 17 via an external connection terminal.
  • the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 and the heating element extraction electrode 19 can be formed using a general electrode material such as Cu or Ag.
  • a coating such as Ni / Au plating, Ni / Pd plating, or Ni / Pd / Au plating is formed on at least the surfaces of the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 by a known plating process. Is preferred. Thereby, the oxidation of the 1st, 2nd electrodes 11 and 12 can be prevented, and a molten conductor can be hold
  • the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 can be prevented from being melted (soldered) and cut.
  • a film such as Ni / Au plating, Ni / Pd plating, or Ni / Pd / Au plating is also applied to the surfaces of the third to sixth electrodes 13 to 16. Of course, it may be formed.
  • the first electrode terminal portion 11a, the second electrode terminal portion 12a, the sixth electrode terminal portion 16a, and the heating element electrode terminal portion 20 respectively facing the side surface of the insulating substrate 10 are connected to the circuit board.
  • An insulating wall 28 for preventing solder for mounting on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10 is formed.
  • the insulating wall 28 provided on the first electrode terminal portion 11a is formed along the mounting region of the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 of the first to fourth electrodes 11 to 14 with the second wall. It is formed over the electrode 12.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 can be made of any metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating element 17, for example, a low-melting-point metal such as Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component. Can be suitably used.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 may contain a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal.
  • the low melting point metal it is preferable to use solder such as Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component, and as the high melting point metal, it is preferable to use Ag, Cu or an alloy containing these as main components.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 can be formed by various configurations as will be described later.
  • the short-circuit element 1 is formed such that the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are blown before the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the third fusible conductor 23 is blown before the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22, power supply to the heating element 17 is stopped, and the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are stopped. This is because the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 cannot be short-circuited without melting.
  • the short-circuit element 1 is formed such that the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are blown first when the heating element 17 generates heat. Specifically, the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 of the short-circuit element 1 are mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third soluble conductor 23.
  • the heat generation center of the heating element 17 refers to a region where the temperature becomes the highest in the initial stage of heat generation in the heat distribution that is generated when the heating element 17 generates heat.
  • the heat generated from the heating element 17 has the largest amount of heat released from the insulating substrate 10, and when the insulating substrate 10 is formed of a ceramic material having excellent thermal shock resistance but high thermal conductivity, the insulating substrate 10 The heat will diffuse. Therefore, in the initial stage of heat generation when energization is started, the heating element 17 is the hottest at the center farthest from the outer edge in contact with the insulating substrate 10, and the heat is radiated toward the outer edge in contact with the insulating substrate 10, so that the temperature hardly rises.
  • the short-circuit element 1 generates heat at the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 that is the highest temperature in the early stage of heat generation of the heating element 17 compared to the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the third soluble conductor 23 is heated later than the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22, the third soluble conductor 23 is blown after the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are fused.
  • the short circuit element 1 changes the shape of the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 21 and 22 and the 3rd soluble conductor 23, and the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 21 and 22 are 3rd. You may make it fuse
  • the short-circuit element 1 includes the first and second elements as shown in FIG. By making the thickness of the fusible conductors 21 and 22 thinner than the thickness of the third fusible conductor 23, the fusible conductors 21 and 22 can be blown before the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the thickness of the high melting point metal layer is set to the first and second soluble conductors.
  • the conductors 21 and 22 may be thin and the second fusible conductor 23 may be thick.
  • the low melting point metal foil may be thin in the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22, and the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the conductor 23 may be thick.
  • the short-circuit element 1 has a different layer structure such that the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are formed of a low melting point metal and the third soluble conductor 23 is formed of a high melting point metal. Therefore, the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are relatively easier to blow than the third fusible conductor 23, and the first and second fusible conductors 17 generate heat. The fusible conductors 21 and 22 may be melted before the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the cover member 29 has a side wall 29 a and a top surface portion 29 b, and the side wall 29 a is connected to the insulating substrate 10 to be a lid that closes the inside of the short-circuit element 1.
  • the cover member 29 is formed by using an insulating member such as a thermoplastic plastic, a ceramic, a glass epoxy substrate, etc., like the insulating substrate 10.
  • the cover member 29 may be formed with a cover electrode 29c on the inner surface side of the top surface portion 29b.
  • the cover part electrode 29 c is formed at a position overlapping the first and second electrodes 11 and 12.
  • the cover electrode 29c comes into contact with the molten conductor aggregated on the first and second electrodes 11 and 12.
  • the molten conductor can be reliably held between the first and second electrodes 11 and 12, and the allowable amount of the molten conductor to be held can be increased.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of the short-circuit element 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the short circuit 30 to which the short element 1 is applied.
  • the short-circuit element 1 constitutes a switch 2 that is short-circuited when the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are opened from each other in the initial state and the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are melted.
  • the first circuit 3 is connected to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 by the switch 2.
  • the first circuit 3 is incorporated between various external circuits 31A and 31B such as a power supply circuit and a digital signal circuit by being connected in series on the current path of the circuit board on which the short-circuit element 1 is mounted.
  • the fifth electrode 15, the sixth electrode 16, the heating element 17, and the third fusible conductor 23 constitute a power supply path to the heating element 17 in the initial state, and the heating element
  • the second fusible conductor 23 is melted by the heat generated by the heat 17 and the power supply path is cut off. Since the second circuit 4 is electrically independent of the first circuit 3 and melts the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 by the heat of the heating element 17, the second circuit 4 and the first circuit 3 are heated.
  • One end of the heating element 17 is connected to a current control element 33 that controls power supply to the second circuit 4 via the heating element extraction electrode 19 and the heating element electrode terminal portion 20.
  • the other end of the heating element 17 is connected in series with the third soluble conductor 23 via the fifth electrode 15.
  • the third soluble conductor 23 is mounted on the fifth and sixth electrodes 15 and 16, and the sixth electrode 16 is connected to the external power supply 34.
  • the current control element 33 is a switch element that controls power supply to the second circuit 4, and is configured by, for example, an FET, and is connected to a detection circuit 35 that detects the necessity of a physical short circuit of the first circuit 3. ing.
  • the detection circuit 35 is a circuit that detects whether it is necessary to energize the various external circuits 31A and 31B in which the first circuit 3 of the short-circuit element 1 is incorporated.
  • a bypass current path at the time of an abnormal voltage of the battery pack The external circuit 31A, physically or irreversibly due to a short circuit of the first circuit 3, such as a bypass signal path that bypasses the data server for hacking or cracking in network communication devices, or activation of a device or software
  • the current control element 33 is operated.
  • the power of the external power supply 34 is supplied to the second circuit 4 and the heating element 17 generates heat, so that the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are first blown (FIG. 5A).
  • Most of the molten conductors of the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are attracted onto the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 having high wettability and a large area, and are aggregated on the first electrode 11.
  • the molten conductor thus bonded to the molten conductor aggregated on the second electrode 12 is bonded. Thereby, the 1st electrode 11 and the 2nd electrode 12 are short-circuited via a fusion conductor, and external circuits 31A and 31B are connected.
  • the short-circuit element 1 is provided with the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23, and the first and second possible conductors.
  • the molten conductors 21 and 22 can be thinner than the third soluble conductor 23, the molten conductors 21 and 22 can be blown before the third soluble conductor 23. Therefore, the short-circuit element 1 can reliably continue to supply power to the heating element 17 of the second circuit 4 until the first circuit 3 is short-circuited.
  • the short-circuit element 1 can hold more molten conductors by forming the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 in a larger area than the third and fourth electrodes 13 and 14.
  • the first and second electrodes 11 and 12 can be short-circuited by reliably bonding the molten conductor (FIG. 1B, FIG. 5A).
  • the heating element 17 continues to generate heat after the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are melted, but the third fusible conductor 23 is also fused after the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22. As a result, the second circuit 4 is also shut off (FIGS. 6A and 6B). As a result, the power supply path to the heating element 17 is interrupted and heat generation is stopped.
  • the first circuit 3 incorporated in the external circuits 31A and 31B and the second circuit 4 that short-circuits the first circuit 3 are electrically independent. Therefore, regardless of the type of the external circuit 31, the power supply voltage of the second circuit can be set high, and the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 can be connected even when the low-rated heating element 17 is used. Electric power for obtaining a calorific value sufficient for fusing can be supplied. Therefore, according to the short-circuit element 1 and the short-circuit 30, the external circuit 31 in which the first circuit 3 is incorporated can be applied to a digital signal circuit that allows a weak current to flow as well as a power supply circuit.
  • the second circuit 4 is formed independently of the first circuit 3, so that the current control element 33 that controls power supply to the heating element 17. Can be selected according to the rating of the heating element 17 regardless of the rating of the first circuit 3, and by using the current control element 33 that controls the low-rated heating element 17 (for example, 1A), It can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the short-circuit element 40 according to the second embodiment is different from the short-circuit element 1 in that the fourth electrode 14 and the second soluble conductor 22 are not formed, as shown in FIGS. .
  • the first soluble conductor 21 is melted, so that the molten conductor is aggregated over the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, thereby the first and second electrodes 11, 12. It can be short-circuited.
  • the first fusible conductor 21 is mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23. Further, in the short-circuit element 40, the first soluble conductor 21 is formed thinner than the third soluble conductor 23. Thereby, also in the short circuit element 40, the 1st soluble conductor 21 can be blown ahead of the 3rd soluble conductor 23. FIG.
  • the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 are electrically connected by being integrally formed on the insulating layer 18, and an insulating member 25 such as glass is laminated. By being physically separated. Further, the second electrode 12 is exposed to the same extent as the first electrode 11 on the side adjacent to the first electrode 11, and the side opposite to the first electrode 11 is covered with an insulating member 25.
  • the short-circuit element 50 according to the third embodiment is different from the short-circuit element 1 in that the fourth electrode 14 is not formed.
  • the molten conductors are aggregated and bonded onto the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, whereby the first The second electrodes 11 and 12 can be short-circuited.
  • the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third soluble conductor 23.
  • the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are formed thinner than the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 are electrically connected by being integrally formed on the insulating layer 18, and an insulating member 25 such as glass is laminated. By being physically separated. Further, the second electrode 12 is exposed on the side adjacent to the first electrode 11 to the same extent as the first electrode 11, and the second soluble conductor 22 is mounted via the mounting solder 26. The side opposite to the first electrode 11 is covered with an insulating member 25.
  • the heating element 17 is formed on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10 and the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 are superposed.
  • the heating element 17 is shown in FIG.
  • the insulating substrate 10 may be formed on the back surface 10b.
  • the heating element 17 is covered with the insulating layer 18 on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the heating element lead electrode 19 and the heating element electrode terminal portion 20 connected to one end of the heating element 17 are also formed on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the fifth electrode 15 has a lower layer portion 15a connected to the other end of the heating element 17 formed on the back surface 10b of the insulating substrate 10, and an upper layer portion 15b on which the third soluble conductor 23 is mounted has a surface of the insulating substrate 10. 10a, the lower layer portion 15b and the upper layer portion 15b are continued through the conductive through hole.
  • the heating element 17 is preferably formed at a position overlapping the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10. At this time, it is preferable that the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the heating element 17 is formed on the back surface 10b of the insulating substrate 10, whereby the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10 is flattened, whereby the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 are placed on the surface 10a. Can be formed. Therefore, the short-circuit element 1 can simplify the manufacturing process of the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 and reduce the height.
  • the short-circuit element 1 uses the material having excellent thermal conductivity such as fine ceramic as the material of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 can be heated and blown in the same manner as when laminated on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10.
  • heating element 17 may also be formed on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10 in the short-circuit elements 40 and 50.
  • the short-circuit element 1 may have the heating element 17 formed inside the insulating layer 18 formed on the surface 10 a of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the heating element lead-out electrode 19 to which one end of the heating element 17 is connected also has one end connected to the heating element 17 to the inside of the insulating layer 18.
  • the fifth electrode 15 to which the other end of the heating element 17 is connected has the lower layer portion 15 a formed up to the inside of the insulating layer 18.
  • the heating element 17 is preferably formed at a position overlapping the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 inside the insulating layer 18. At this time, it is preferable that the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23. In the short-circuit element 1, the heating element 17 may be formed inside the insulating layer 18 formed on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the heating element 17 may be formed inside the insulating layer 18 formed on the front surface 10a or the back surface 10b of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the short-circuit element 1 may have a heating element 17 formed inside the insulating substrate 10. In this case, it is not necessary to provide the insulating layer 18 that covers the heating element 17.
  • the heating element extraction electrode 19 to which one end of the heating element 17 is connected has one end connected to the heating element 17 extending to the inside of the insulating substrate 10 and is provided on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10 through a conductive through hole. The other end portion and the heating element electrode terminal portion 20 are connected.
  • the fifth electrode 15 has a lower layer portion 15a connected to the other end of the heat generating body 17 formed up to the inside of the insulating substrate 10, an upper layer portion 15b on which the third soluble conductor 23 is mounted, and a conductive through hole. Is continued through.
  • the heating element 17 is formed at a position overlapping the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 inside the insulating substrate 10. At this time, it is preferable that the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23.
  • heating element 17 may also be formed inside the insulating substrate 10 in the short-circuit elements 40 and 50.
  • the heating element 17 may be formed side by side with the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10. In this case, the heating element 17 is covered with the insulating layer 18.
  • the fifth electrode 15 connected to the other end of the heating element 17 is formed as a single layer on the surface 10 a of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the first and second fusible conductors 21 and 22 are preferably mounted closer to the heat generation center of the heating element 17 than the third fusible conductor 23.
  • the heating element 17 may be formed side by side with the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 on the surface 10a of the insulating substrate 10.
  • the short-circuit element 1 may be configured to include a protective resistor connected to either the first electrode 11 or the second electrode 12.
  • the protective resistance is a resistance value corresponding to the internal resistance of the electronic component connected to the short-circuit element 1.
  • the short-circuit element 1 has a bypass current path that bypasses the battery cell 61 in which an abnormal voltage such as overcharge or overdischarge has occurred in the circuit 60 in the battery pack of the lithium ion secondary battery.
  • a protective resistor 62 having a resistance value corresponding to the internal resistance of the battery cell 61 is connected to the first electrode 12.
  • the circuit 60 of the battery pack includes a short-circuit element 1, a current control element 33 that controls the operation of the short-circuit element 1, a battery cell 61, and a protection element 63 that blocks the battery cell 61 from the charge / discharge path.
  • a short-circuit element 1 a current control element 33 that controls the operation of the short-circuit element 1
  • a battery cell 61 a battery cell 61
  • a protection element 63 that blocks the battery cell 61 from the charge / discharge path.
  • a plurality of battery units 64 are connected in series.
  • the battery pack circuit 60 also includes a detection circuit 35 that detects the voltage of the battery cell 61 of each battery unit 64 and outputs an abnormal signal to the protection element 63 and the current control element 33.
  • Each battery unit 64 has a protection element 63 connected in series with the battery cell 61. Further, in the battery unit 64, the first electrode 11 of the short-circuit element 1 is connected to the open end of the protective element 63 via the protective resistor 62, and the second electrode 12 is connected to the open end of the battery cell 61. Thus, the protection element 63 and the battery cell 61 and the short-circuit element 1 are connected in parallel.
  • the current control element 33 and the protection element 63 are connected to the detection circuit 35, respectively.
  • the detection circuit 35 is connected to each battery cell 61, detects the voltage value of each battery cell 61, and the battery unit having the battery cell 61 when the battery cell 61 becomes an overcharge voltage or an overdischarge voltage. 64 protection elements 63 are driven, and an abnormal signal is output to the current control element 33.
  • the protective element 62 can be configured by, for example, a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET).
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the protective element 62 is mounted across the pair of electrodes connected on the charge / discharge path, the soluble conductor that short-circuits between the electrodes, and the soluble conductor in series.
  • it can be constituted by an element having a heating element that is energized and generates heat and melts a soluble conductor.
  • the circuit 60 operates the protection element 63 and the short-circuit element 1 when the voltage value of the battery cell 61 becomes a voltage exceeding a predetermined overdischarge or overcharge state by the detection signal output from the detection circuit 35.
  • the battery unit 64 is cut off from the charging / discharging current path, and the switch 2 of the short-circuit element 1 is short-circuited to control to form a bypass current path that bypasses the battery unit 64.
  • the circuit 60 is controlled so that an abnormal signal is also output to the current control element 33 by the detection circuit 35 so that a current flows through the heating element 17 of the short-circuit element 1.
  • the first and second soluble conductors 21 and 22 are heated and melted by the heating element 17, so that the molten conductors aggregate and bond on the first and second electrodes 11 and 12. 1 and the 2nd electrodes 11 and 12 are short-circuited.
  • the circuit 60 can form a bypass current path that bypasses the battery cell 61 by the short-circuit element 1.
  • the third soluble conductor 23 is melted after the first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are melted, whereby the power supply to the heating element 17 is stopped.
  • the circuit 60 can form a bypass current path that bypasses the battery cell 61 via the short-circuit element 1, and the remaining normal battery cells
  • the charge / discharge function can be maintained by 61.
  • the short-circuit element 1 is provided with the protective resistor 62 having substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the blocked battery cell 61, the circuit 60 is normal even after the bypass current path is constructed.
  • the resistance value can be the same as the time.
  • the protective resistor 62 may be formed in the short-circuit element 1 as shown in FIG. 13, or may be formed in the circuit 60 and connected to the first electrode terminal portion 11 a of the short-circuit element 1.
  • any or all of the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 may contain a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 are provided with a refractory metal layer 70 made of Ag, Cu or an alloy containing these as a main component as an inner layer.
  • a soluble conductor provided with a low melting point metal layer 71 made of Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component as an outer layer may be used.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 may have a structure in which the entire surface of the high melting point metal layer 70 is covered with the low melting point metal layer 71 and is covered except for a pair of opposite side surfaces. It may be a structure.
  • the covering structure with the high melting point metal layer 70 and the low melting point metal layer 71 can be formed using a known film forming technique such as plating.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 are soluble in which a low melting point metal layer 71 is provided as an inner layer and a high melting point metal layer 70 is provided as an outer layer.
  • a conductor may be used.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 may have a structure in which the entire surface of the low melting point metal layer 71 is covered with the high melting point metal layer 70, and is covered except for a pair of opposing side surfaces. The structure may be different.
  • first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 may have a laminated structure in which a high melting point metal layer 71 and a low melting point metal layer 71 are laminated as shown in FIG.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 are laminated on the lower layer mounted on the first to sixth electrodes 11 to 16 and on the lower layer, as shown in FIG.
  • the lower melting point metal layer 71 may be laminated on the upper surface of the lower refractory metal layer 70, and the upper layer of the lower melting point metal layer 71 may be laminated.
  • the upper refractory metal layer 70 may be laminated.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 may be formed as a three-layer structure including an inner layer and an outer layer laminated on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner layer.
  • the low melting point metal layer 71 serving as the outer layer may be laminated on the upper and lower surfaces of the refractory metal layer 70 serving as the inner layer. You may laminate.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 may have a multilayer structure of four or more layers in which high melting point metal layers 70 and low melting point metal layers 71 are alternately laminated.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 may be structured so as to be covered with the metal layer constituting the outermost layer except for the entire surface or a pair of opposite side surfaces.
  • the high melting point metal layer 70 may be partially laminated in a stripe shape on the surface of the low melting point metal layer 71 constituting the inner layer.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view of the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 shown in FIG. 17A have a plurality of linear refractory metal layers 70 in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the low melting point metal layer 71 at predetermined intervals in the width direction.
  • a linear opening 72 is formed along the longitudinal direction, and the low melting point metal layer 71 is exposed from the opening 72.
  • the low melting point metal layer 71 is exposed from the opening 72, thereby increasing the contact area between the molten low melting point metal and the high melting point metal. It is possible to improve the fusing property by further promoting the erosion action.
  • the opening 72 can be formed, for example, by subjecting the low melting point metal layer 71 to partial plating of a metal constituting the high melting point metal layer 70.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 are formed on the surface of the low melting point metal layer 71 at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction at the linear refractory metal layer 70.
  • the linear openings 72 may be formed along the width direction.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 form a refractory metal layer 70 on the surface of the low melting point metal layer 71 and extend over the entire surface of the refractory metal layer 70.
  • a circular opening 73 may be formed, and the low melting point metal layer 71 may be exposed from the opening 73.
  • the opening 73 can be formed, for example, by subjecting the low melting point metal layer 71 to partial plating of a metal constituting the high melting point metal layer 70.
  • the contact area between the molten low melting point metal and the high melting point metal is increased, and the high melting point metal is eroded.
  • the action can be further promoted to improve the fusing property.
  • the first to third fusible conductors 21 to 23 are formed with a large number of openings 74 in the refractory metal layer 70 as an inner layer, and the refractory metal layer 70 is plated.
  • the low melting point metal layer 71 may be formed using a technique or the like and filled in the opening 74.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 are preferably formed such that the volume of the low melting point metal layer 71 is larger than the volume of the high melting point metal layer 70.
  • the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 are heated by the heating element 17 to melt the low melting point metal when the low melting point metal melts, and thereby can be melted and blown quickly. . Therefore, the first to third soluble conductors 21 to 23 promote this corrosion action by forming the volume of the low melting point metal layer 71 larger than the volume of the high melting point metal layer 70, and promptly
  • the molten conductor can be aggregated and bonded onto the first and second electrodes 11 and 12, and the fifth and sixth electrodes 15 and 16 can be blocked.
  • the short-circuit element according to the present invention is not limited to use in a battery pack of a lithium ion secondary battery, and various types that require blocking and bypassing current paths by electric signals such as power supply lines and digital signal lines of electronic devices. Of course, it can be applied to various applications.
  • the operating condition of the current control element 33 is not limited to the case where the voltage of the battery cell 61 is abnormal, and can be operated by detecting any accident such as an abnormal increase in ambient temperature or submergence.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
PCT/JP2014/070772 2013-08-07 2014-08-06 短絡素子、及び短絡回路 WO2015020103A1 (ja)

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CN107681218A (zh) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-09 福特全球技术公司 用于电池阵列的传感器熔断部

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JP6719983B2 (ja) * 2015-06-04 2020-07-08 デクセリアルズ株式会社 ヒューズエレメント、ヒューズ素子、保護素子、短絡素子、切替素子
DE102015222939A1 (de) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Elektrische Überbrückungseinrichtung zum Überbrücken elektrischer Bauelemente, insbesondere einer Energiequelle oder eines Energieverbrauchers
CN109980736B (zh) * 2019-04-04 2023-02-10 创泽智能机器人集团股份有限公司 一种机器人充电桩对桩确认方法

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JP5072796B2 (ja) * 2008-05-23 2012-11-14 ソニーケミカル＆インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 保護素子及び二次電池装置
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KR20160040574A (ko) 2016-04-14
KR102233539B1 (ko) 2021-03-29
CN105453212B (zh) 2018-06-12
JP6184238B2 (ja) 2017-08-23

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