WO2015018196A1 - 一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态分离装置及工艺 - Google Patents

一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态分离装置及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2015018196A1
WO2015018196A1 PCT/CN2014/071587 CN2014071587W WO2015018196A1 WO 2015018196 A1 WO2015018196 A1 WO 2015018196A1 CN 2014071587 W CN2014071587 W CN 2014071587W WO 2015018196 A1 WO2015018196 A1 WO 2015018196A1
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Prior art keywords
steam
tray
heating plate
grid
heating
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李十中
李光明
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to AP2016009077A priority Critical patent/AP2016009077A0/xx
Publication of WO2015018196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018196A1/zh
Priority to US14/958,563 priority patent/US10239806B2/en
Priority to AU2016100124A priority patent/AU2016100124A4/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2016/01508A priority patent/ZA201601508B/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
    • C07C29/84—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/001—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
    • B01D3/002—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions by continuous methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/001—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
    • B01D3/003—Rectification of spirit
    • B01D3/004—Rectification of spirit by continuous methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/08—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/38—Steam distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/08—Flasks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/02—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices for liquid fuel extraction; Biorefineries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/20—Heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation for producing fuel ethanol. Specifically, it relates to a continuous separation device and process for producing fuel ethanol, and in particular to a continuous separation device and process for preparing fuel ethanol based on a saccharide raw material.
  • Sweet sorghum is the preferred target for such non-grain crops because of its drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, strong adaptability, and high sugar content in stems.
  • Sweet sorghum straw produces ethanol mainly in liquid and solid fermentation.
  • liquid fermentation the fresh sweet sorghum straw is pressed to extract juice, and the juice is fermented.
  • a preservative which is disadvantageous to the fermenting yeast, and a certain amount of sugar remains in the solid material after pressing, which will cause The ethanol yield is reduced; the solid fermentation is to directly ferment the sweet sorghum straw, which reduces the strength of the raw material pretreatment, avoids the use of preservatives, reduces the sugar loss, and can fundamentally overcome the shortage of liquid fermentation.
  • the inventors of the present invention disclose an apparatus and a process for continuously separating ethanol from a solid fermentation material, the process comprising the steps of: (a) sending the solid fermentation material through a screw feeder The inlet of the continuous steaming alcohol device, the material is distributed in the rotating grid on the surface of the uppermost heating plate after passing through the distributor, and the saturated water vapor is introduced into the heating plate by 0.1-lMPa, and the fermented material is indirectly heated by the heating plate. Then, it falls from the lower feeding port into the corresponding rotating grid on the heating plate of the next layer, and then continuously flows to the outlet of the device, and finally discharges from the discharging port;
  • the saturated water vapor in the step) is replaced with a high temperature heat transfer oil vapor or other hot gas.
  • the temperature inside the continuous distillation alcohol apparatus is maintained at 100 ° C or higher.
  • a device for continuously separating fuel ethanol in a solid fermented material disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN 102094045A, comprising a casing, a spiral material input machine connected to the inlet of the casing, a lower bin connected to the outlet of the casing, and a spiral material output machine, located in the outer casing
  • a plurality of heating plates are arranged in series on the rotating shaft below the spiral material input machine, and a cloth grid is arranged on the rotating shaft.
  • the heating plate is a hollow body composed of two disks and side walls, and a steam folding body is arranged in the cavity.
  • a baffle and a water vapor is introduced into the cavity;
  • the inlet and outlet of the steam are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the heating plate, and a plurality of heating plates are provided for fermentation a fan-shaped through hole for flowing material;
  • a rotating grid is respectively arranged on each heating plate;
  • a steam outlet of the heating plate is respectively connected to the outflow steam main pipe through a square pipe, and a gas-liquid separator is arranged at the end of the outflow steam main pipe, and the steam and the steam are The condensate is separated;
  • a steam outlet is provided at the top of the casing, and a condenser is provided, and a reflux pipe connecting the condenser to the spiral material input machine.
  • the heating plate is kept sealed, steam can only flow in or out from the inlet and outlet of the heating plate; the feeding port and the discharging port of the outer casing are provided with a sealing device, and the sealing of the feeding port is sealed and sealed by the fermentation material.
  • the discharge port is sealed by a gate valve or a flap valve or a multi-layer flap valve, and the entire device is kept sealed.
  • the fan-shaped through holes on the heating plate are sequentially displaced in a direction perpendicular to the rotation of the rotating grid by a sector-shaped through hole.
  • the outer wall of the outer casing is insulated with a heat insulating material, steamed in a jacket or an electric heating belt to maintain the temperature at 10 o ° C or above.
  • the cloth grid is a material distributing device composed of a plurality of grid plates, and the fermentation material input by the spiral material input machine can be evenly distributed in the rotating grid on the surface of the heating plate after being distributed by the distributor.
  • the rotating grid is composed of two cylindrical grids connected by a plurality of straight grids.
  • the center of the rotating grid is fixed on a rotating shaft running through the center of all the heating plates, and the rotating grid rotates together with the rotating shaft.
  • the present invention provides a device and a process for continuously separating ethanol for preparing fuel ethanol according to material flow characteristics and combined with the operation characteristics of the fermentation process, and realizes continuous production of sweet sorghum straw fuel ethanol.
  • an apparatus for continuously separating fuel ethanol from a solid fermentation material comprising: a casing (212), a spiral material input machine (210) coupled to an inlet of the outer casing (212), a lower bin (217) connected to the outlet of the outer casing (212) and a spiral material output machine (218), a rotating shaft (207) on the central axis of the outer casing (212), and a driving motor (201) connected to the rotating shaft (207),
  • the utility model is characterized in that: a cloth grid (208) is arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing (212) under the spiral material input machine (210); the outer casing (212) is divided into a steaming alcohol component and drying in the longitudinal direction.
  • the drying assembly is located below the steaming alcohol assembly and is in communication with a steaming alcohol assembly consisting of a plurality of trays (214) connected in series on the rotating shaft, the tray (21) 4 ) a disc with a tray-shaped through hole (215), each of which is provided with a tray rotating grid (21 3 ); the steam inlet of the steamed alcohol assembly is located in the steamed alcohol assembly The bottom of the steam outlet is located at the top of the steamed alcohol module
  • the drying assembly is composed of a plurality of heating plates (214, ) connected in series on the rotating shaft, the heating plate (214') is a hollow body composed of two disks and side walls, and a cavity a steam baffle (206) is arranged, and water vapor is introduced into the cavity; a steam inlet and outlet are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the heating plate (214,); and a heating disk rotating grid is also respectively disposed on each of the heating plates (214, ) a grid (21 3, ) and a heating plate fan-
  • the fan-shaped through holes on the tray and the heating plate are sequentially displaced in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotating grid in the vertical direction by a sector-shaped through hole.
  • the outer wall of the outer casing is insulated with an insulating material, steamed in a jacket or an electric heating belt to maintain the temperature at 100 ° C or higher.
  • the cloth grid is a material dividing device composed of a plurality of grid plates, and the fermented material input by the spiral material input machine can be evenly distributed on the surface of the heating plate after being distributed by the distributor. Rotate inside the grid.
  • the rotating grid is composed of two cylindrical grids connected by a plurality of straight grids, and the center of the rotating grid is fixed to a shaft extending through the center of all the heating plates. On, the rotating grid rotates with the rotating shaft.
  • a process for the continuous separation of ethanol from fuel ethanol comprising the steps of:
  • the material On each of the heating plates 214, the material is not in contact with the steam, but is heated by the heating plate to remove moisture, passes through the plurality of heating plates 214, and then the material is run to the lower bin 217 at the bottom of the device. Then, the material is output through the screw output machine 218 and the double-layer flap valve 219, and the discharged material is dried and then circulated into the boiler for combustion.
  • step (b) saturated steam enters the interior of the unit from the input steam manifold 216 and is dispersed between the trays and the heating tray.
  • the condensed water and the uncondensed steam in the heating tray are condensed and discharged.
  • the manifold 205 is collected and then enters the gas-liquid separator 203.
  • the uncondensed steam is used for waste heat utilization, and the condensed water is collected and connected to the boiler water supply pipe to be connected to the boiler.
  • heat is transferred from the steam to the material, the ethanol and water are vaporized by heat to form a distillation gas, and the distillation gas directly enters the rectification column through the steam outlet 211 for rectification.
  • a portion of the fermentation waste produced in step (C) is used as an animal feed.
  • the device and process for continuously separating the fuel ethanol in the solid fermentation material can adjust the production capacity to a certain range by the rotation speed of the grid, thereby realizing the controllable adjustable operation of the production.
  • the distillation gas can directly enter the rectification column for rectification, eliminating the step of first condensing and then entering the rectification column, saving energy and improving distillation efficiency.
  • a drying unit is added below the steamed alcohol component to further reduce the water content of the distillation waste (waste residue) produced in the step (c), which is suitable for being sent to the boiler used in the distillation as a fuel and an animal. Feed, thus recycling waste. It not only saves production costs, reduces energy consumption, but also reduces the waste disposal process, which has great environmental significance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a continuous ethanol separation device of the present invention.
  • Reference numerals in the figure 201-drive motor; 202-condensate outlet; 203-gas-liquid separator; 204-steam outlet; 205- outflow steam manifold; 206-steam baffle; 207-spindle; Plate; 209-fermentation feed inlet; 210-feed screw feeder; 211-top steam outlet; 212-device casing; 213-plate rotating grid; 213, - heating plate rotating grid; 214-tray; , - heating plate; 215 - tray fan-shaped through hole; 215, - heating plate fan-shaped through hole; 216 - input steam main pipe; 217 - blanking Warehouse; 21 8-spiral material output machine; 219-double flap valve; 220- discharge port.
  • the invention provides a device and a process for preparing continuous solid-state fermentation and continuous ethanol separation of fuel ethanol, so as to solve the high pretreatment cost of liquid fermentation raw materials, low ethanol yield and solid-state fermentation production efficiency in the process of ethanol production from sweet sorghum straw.
  • the problem of low and continuous difficulty is to achieve continuous production of sweet sorghum straw fuel ethanol.
  • the fermentation waste (waste) produced in the step (C) is used as an animal feed in addition to a part of which is burned into a boiler used for distillation. This achieves full utilization of waste. It not only saves production costs, reduces energy consumption, but also has significant environmental significance.
  • the apparatus mainly includes a casing 21, a spiral material input machine 210 connected to the inlet of the casing 212, a lower bin 217 connected to the outlet of the casing 212, and a spiral material output machine 218 located on the central axis of the casing 212.
  • a rotating shaft 207 and a drive motor 201 connected to the rotating shaft 207.
  • a cloth grid 208 is disposed on the inner wall of the outer casing 212 under the spiral material input machine 210.
  • the cloth grid 208 is a material distributing device composed of a plurality of grid plates, and the fermented material input by the spiral material input machine 21 0 After the distributor is dispensed, it can be evenly distributed in the tray rotating grid 21 3 on the surface of the tray 214.
  • a plurality of trays 214 are vertically connected to the upper portion of the rotating shaft, and the trays are hollow bodies composed of two discs and side walls, and the gaps of ⁇ ⁇ . 1-5 ⁇ are uniformly distributed on the upper discs.
  • the tray is provided with a plurality of tray-shaped through holes 21 5 for the fermentation material to flow, and a tray rotating grid 21 3 is provided, and the rotating grid 21 3 is composed of two cylinders.
  • the grid is formed by connecting a plurality of straight grids, and the center of the rotating grid is fixed on a rotating shaft 207 penetrating through the center of all the heating plates, and the rotating grid rotates together with the rotating shaft.
  • the tray-shaped through-holes 215 on the respective trays 214 are sequentially displaced in the vertical direction toward the position of the sector-shaped through-holes in the opposite direction to the rotation of the tray rotating grids 21 3 .
  • the steam enters the trays through the input steam manifold 216 and is released from the gaps in the tray discs. And along the tray fan-shaped through holes 21 5 on the respective trays 214, after sufficient contact with the material, the steam outlet 21 1 is disposed to the upper portion of the outer casing, and enters the rectification column through the steam outlet 21 1 .
  • a plurality of heating plates 214 are coaxially connected in series with the trays 214 on the rotating shaft 207 and below the trays 214, and the heating plate 214 is composed of two non-voided disks and side walls.
  • the hollow body is composed of a steam baffle 206 disposed in the cavity to uniformly distribute the water vapor to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the material.
  • the inlet and outlet of the steam are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the heating plate 214, and a heating disk fan-shaped through hole 215 similar to that on the tray 214 is disposed on the heating plate 214, and the heating plate rotates the grid 21 3 .
  • the heating plate 214 is internally sealed, and steam can only flow in or out from the inlet and outlet of the heating plate.
  • the heating disk fan-shaped through hole 215 rotates the grid 21 3 in the vertical direction in the vertical direction, and the position of the fan-shaped through hole is shifted in the opposite direction of the rotation.
  • the steam inlet of the heating plate 214 is connected to the input steam main 216, and the steam outlet of the heating plate 214 is connected to the outgoing steam main 205.
  • a gas-liquid separator 203 is provided at the end of the outflow steam main pipe 205 to separate the steam and the condensate.
  • the inlet and outlet of the outer casing 212 are provided with a sealing device, the sealing of the feeding port is sealed by a fermentation material, and the discharging port is sealed by a flap valve 219, and the whole device is kept sealed.
  • the outer wall of the outer casing 212 is insulated with an insulating material, steamed in a jacket or an electric heating belt to keep the temperature at 100 ° C and above.
  • the process for continuously separating fuel ethanol from the solid fermentation material of the present invention is:
  • the material On each of the heating plates 214, the material is not in contact with the steam, only heated by the heating plate to remove moisture, passes through the plurality of heating plates 214, and then the material is run to the lower bin 21 7 at the bottom of the device. Then, the material is output through the screw output machine 218 and the double flap valve 219, and the row is discharged. The material is dried and then circulated into the boiler for combustion.
  • the distilled material is dried and circulated into the boiler for combustion to provide a source of heat for the distillation.
  • the remaining material can also be used as animal feed. This not only saves a lot of energy and cost, but also avoids the environmental impact of waste discharge, which has great environmental significance.
  • the apparatus used in this embodiment comprises a 14-layer tray and a 2-layer heating tray, and a steam pipe of 0.4 MPa is supplied to the steam line in the apparatus, and after stabilization, the sweet sorghum straw solid fermentation material is 5 t/h.
  • the speed input device, the ethanol content in the fermented material is 6% (mass fraction), the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is adjusted so that the residence time of the fermented material in the device is 35 min, and the stacking height of the fermented material on the tray or the heating plate is maintained at 100-220 ⁇ . 5 ⁇
  • the reflux ratio is adjusted to 0.1. 4% ⁇ After the distillation, the water content of the material after the distillation was 70.4%.
  • Example 2 Example 2:
  • the sorghum stalk solid fermented material is 3. 5 t/
  • the sorghum stalk solid fermented material is 3. 5 t /
  • the speed input device of h the ethanol content in the fermented material is 5% (mass fraction)
  • the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is adjusted so that the residence time of the fermented material in the device is 25 min, and the stacking height of the fermented material on the tray or the heating plate is maintained at 100 _ 150 ⁇
  • the reflow ratio is adjusted to 0.15. 1% ⁇ After the distillation, the water content of the material after the distillation was 62.1%.
  • the apparatus used in this embodiment contains 6 layers of trays and 4 layers of heating trays, and the steam line in the apparatus is supplied with steam of 0.4 MPa.
  • the sweet sorghum straw solid fermentation material is 2 t/h.
  • the speed input device, the ethanol content in the fermented material is 7% (mass fraction), the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is adjusted so that the residence time of the fermented material in the device is 20 min, and the stacking height of the fermented material on the tray or the heating plate is maintained at 50_100 ⁇ , reflux
  • the ratio is adjusted to 0. 6% ⁇ After the distillation, the water content of the material after the distillation was 57.6%.

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Abstract

本发明属于微生物发酵糖质原料生产燃料乙醇的技术领域。具体涉及一种生产燃料乙醇的连续分离装置及工艺。所述装置为连续蒸馏装置，并对现有的蒸馏装置进行了改进。本发明采用的连续分离乙醇工艺，可以充分利用甜高粱秸秆（或甘蔗、甜菜）中的可发酵糖分，提高了乙醇产率，改变了传统生产方式，真正实现了分离乙醇工艺的连续化；而且蒸馏过程中所产生的废料既可以作为燃料，又可以作为动物饲料，不但节约了成本，还具有很大的环保意义。

Description

一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态分离装置及工艺 技术领域
本发明属于微生物发酵生产燃料乙醇的技术领域。 具体涉及一种生 产燃料乙醇的连续分离装置及工艺， 特别是一种基于糖质原料制取燃料 乙醇的连续分离装置及工艺。
背景技术
随着社会的发展， 化石资源已渐趋枯竭， 世界各国开始致力于研究 可再生能源物质， 而可替代石油燃料的绿色新能源一一燃料乙醇受到了 国内外的广泛关注。 因其燃烧特性与汽油非常接近， 可以按一定比例与 汽油混合使用， 也可以直接作为燃料使用， 极大减少了有害气体的排放， 具有广阔的发展空间。
由于世界人口急剧增多， 为保证粮食供应， 逐渐有国家出台限制粮 食作物制乙醇的政策， 因此非粮作物生产乙醇将成为发展趋势。 甜高粱 以其抗旱、 耐盐碱、 适应力强、 茎秆含糖量高等特性， 成为此类非粮作 物的优选对象。
甜高粱秸秆生产乙醇主要有液态和固态发酵两种方式。 液态发酵是 将新鲜甜高粱秸秆压榨取汁， 对汁液进行发酵， 但贮存汁液时需要加入 防腐剂， 对发酵酵母菌不利， 而压榨后的固体物料中还残留一定量的糖 分， 这些都将造成乙醇产率降低； 固态发酵是将甜高粱秸秆粉碎后直接 进行发酵， 降低了原料预处理的强度， 避免了防腐剂的使用， 减少了糖 损失， 能从根本上克服液态发酵的不足。
但目前的固态发酵技术大多数还沿用传统制酒工艺， 在固定的发酵 池或发酵罐内进行， 属于间歇操作， 酒气易挥发， 生产效率低。 而粉碎 秸秆类物料具有相互缠绕的特点， 艮难实现连续流动， 其运动的不确定 性也给监测带来困难。 因此， 开发新型设备， 降低成本和能耗， 提高乙 醇产率， 并实现固态发酵连续化是发展生物质发酵制取燃料乙醇工业的 当务之急。
在连续固态发酵过程中同时实现连续的乙醇分离也是一直存在于本 领域中的技术难题。 由于甜高粱、 甘蔗、 等粉碎秸秆发酵料的相互摩擦 力较大， 运动起来容易撕拉结团而很难实现连续流动， 再加上其运动的 多变性和运动参数的不易检测等特点， 致使固态发酵料实现连续蒸醇的 工艺成为世界级难题。 因此， 实现固态发酵料蒸醇工艺的连续化， 提高 气相中乙醇的浓度和稳定性， 提高生产效率， 降低生产成本和能耗已经 成为实现秸秆固态发酵连续蒸醇操作的当务之急。
在中国专利申请公布 CN 102094045A中， 本发明的发明人公开了一 种从固态发酵料中连续分离乙醇的装置及工艺， 所述工艺包括以下步骤： ( a )将固态发酵料经螺旋送料器送入连续蒸醇装置入口， 物料经布 料器后均勾分布在最上层加热盘表面上的转动栅格内， 加热盘内通入 0. 1-lMPa的饱和水蒸汽， 发酵料经加热盘间接加热后从其下料口落入下 一层加热盘上对应的转动栅格内， 依此连续流向装置出口， 最后从出料 口排出;
( b )发酵料中的乙醇和水经加热后部分汽化形成蒸馏气， 蒸馏气经 上方的排气口排出， 直接通入精馏塔进行精馏。
或者， 所述步骤 ) 中的饱和水蒸汽用高温导热油蒸汽或其他热气 体替代。
或者， 所述连续蒸醇装置内部的温度保持在 100 °C及以上。
在中国专利申请公布 CN 102094045A 中公开的固态发酵料中连续分 离燃料乙醇的装置， 包括外壳、 与外壳入口连接的螺旋物料输入机、 与 外壳出口连接的下料仓以及螺旋物料输出机、 位于外壳中心轴上的转轴 以及与转轴连接的驱动电机。 所述螺旋物料输入机的下方、 外壳内壁上 设置布料栅板在所述转轴上串接多个加热盘， 该加热盘是由两个圓盘和 侧壁组成的中空体， 腔体内设置蒸汽折挡板， 并腔体内通入水蒸汽； 在 加热盘的侧壁对称开设蒸汽的进出口， 并在加热盘上设置若干个供发酵 料流动的扇形通孔； 在每个加热盘上分别设置转动栅格； 加热盘的蒸汽 出口分别通过方形管道与流出蒸汽总管相连， 并在流出蒸汽总管的末端 设置气液分离器， 将蒸汽和冷凝液分离； 外壳的顶部设置蒸汽出口， 并 设置冷凝器， 以及连接冷凝器与螺旋物料输入机的回流液管道。
所述加热盘内保持密封， 蒸汽仅能从加热盘的进、 出口流入或流出； 所述外壳的进料口和出料口均设有密封装置， 进料口的密封采用发酵料 堆积密封， 出料口采用闸板阀或翻板阀或多层翻板阀进行密封， 整个设 备保持密封。
所述加热盘上的扇形通孔在垂直方向上依次向转动栅格转动反方向 上错动一个扇形通孔大小的位置。
所述外壳的外壁上使用保温材料、 采用夹套内通入蒸汽或电加热带 进行保温， 使温度保持在 10 o °c及以上。
所述布料栅板是由数块栅格板组成的分料装置， 由螺旋物料输入机 输入的发酵料经布料器分料后能够均布在加热盘表面上的转动栅格内。
所述转动栅格是由两个圓筒型栅板， 其间用数个直栅板连接而成， 转动栅格的中心固定在贯穿于所有加热盘中心的转轴上， 转动栅格随转 轴一起转动。 但是上述用于连续分离乙醇的装置及工艺仍存在一些缺陷， 例如：
1. 在蒸馏过程中用加热盘对物料进行加热， 传热效率不够理想； 2. 进 料口和出料口的密封效果不佳， 会使得蒸馏产品流失； 3. 蒸馏塔中的物 料厚度不均勾， 影响蒸馏的效率； 4. 经过蒸馏的物料（糟渣）含水量较 高， 不能继续利用， 只能作为工业废料排放， 对环境产生恶劣的影响等。 因此， 本领域中仍需要能够实现连续乙醇分离的装置及工艺。 以解 决当前甜高粱秸秆制乙醇过程中乙醇产率低、 连续化困难和对环境污染 严重的问题。 发明内容
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明针对物料流动特性， 结合发酵工艺操 作特点， 提供了一种用于制取燃料乙醇的连续分离乙醇的装置及工艺， 实现甜高粱秸秆制燃料乙醇的连续化生产。
在本发明的第一方面， 提供了一种从固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙 醇的装置， 所述装置包括： 外壳（212 )、 与外壳（212 )入口连接的螺旋 物料输入机（210 )、 与外壳 （212 ) 出口连接的下料仓（217 ) 以及螺旋 物料输出机（218 )、 位于外壳 （212 ) 中心轴上的转轴 （ 207 ) 以及与转 轴（ 207 )连接的驱动电机（201 ), 其特征在于： 在所述螺旋物料输入机 ( 210 ) 的下方、 外壳 （212 ) 的内壁上设置布料栅板（ 208 ); 所述外壳 ( 212 ) 内纵向方向上分为蒸醇组件和烘干组件， 所述烘干组件位于蒸醇 组件的下方并与蒸醇组件相连通， 所述蒸醇组件由串接在所述转轴上的 多个塔板 ( 214 )组成， 所述塔板（ 214 )为带有塔板扇形通孔（ 215 ) 的 圓盘， 在每个塔板上均设有塔板转动栅格（21 3 ); 所述蒸醇组件的蒸汽 进口位于所述蒸醇组件的底部， 蒸汽出口位于所述蒸醇组件的顶部； 所 述烘干组件由串接在所述转轴上的多个加热盘（214， )组成， 所述加热 盘（214' )是由两个圓盘和侧壁组成的中空体， 腔体内设置蒸汽折挡板 ( 206 ), 并腔体内通入水蒸汽； 在加热盘（214， ) 的侧壁对称开设蒸汽 的进出口； 在每个加热盘（214， )上也分别设置加热盘转动栅格（21 3， ) 和加热盘扇形通孔（215， ); 所述蒸醇组件和所述加热盘（214， ) 的蒸汽 进口分别与蒸汽输入总管（216 )相连， 所述蒸醇组件的蒸汽出口与外壳 顶部的蒸汽出口 （211 )相连， 可以使得蒸汽直接进入精馏塔进行精馏， 所述烘干组件的蒸汽出口与设置在外壳下部的流出蒸汽总管（ 205 )相连， 在所述流出蒸汽总管 （ 205 ) 的末端设置气液分离器（ 203 ), 将蒸汽和冷 凝液分离。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述塔板和加热盘上的扇形通孔在垂 直方向上依次向转动栅格的转动反方向上错动一个扇形通孔大小的位 置。 在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述外壳的外壁上使用保温材料、 采 用夹套内通入蒸汽或电加热带进行保温， 使温度保持在 100 °C及以上。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述布料栅板是由数块栅格板组成的 分料装置， 由螺旋物料输入机输入的发酵料经布料器分料后能够均布在 加热盘表面上的转动栅格内。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述转动栅格是由两个圓筒型栅板， 其间用数个直栅板连接而成， 转动栅格的中心固定在贯穿于所有加热盘 中心的转轴上， 转动栅格随转轴一起转动。
在本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种用于制取燃料乙醇的连续分离乙 醇的工艺， 包括如下步骤：
( a )将秸秆类固态发酵料经螺旋送料器 210送入装置顶部的布料栅 板 208 ,物料被均布在装置顶部第一层塔板 214上的塔板转动栅格 21 3内 并随其一起运动， 运动至塔板的塔板扇形通孔 215 时下落至第二层塔板 上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最下一层塔板， 在此期间物料与蒸汽充 分接触实现蒸馏。物料在经过最下一层塔板后落入加热盘的 214， 的加热 盘转动栅格 21 3， 内并随其一起运动。 运动至所述加热盘 214， 的加热盘 扇形通孔 215， 时下落至下一层加热盘上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最 下一层加热盘。 在所述各个加热盘 214， 上， 物料不与蒸汽相接触， 仅被 加热盘加热以脱去水分， 经过多个加热盘 214， 后， 物料运行至装置底部 的下料仓 217。 然后， 物料经螺旋输出机 218和双层翻板阀 219输出， 排 出的物料进行干燥后循环进入锅炉中燃烧。
( b )与此同时， 饱和水蒸汽由输入蒸汽总管 216进入装置内部并分 散到各层塔板之间和加热盘内， 加热盘内冷凝放热后的冷凝水和未冷凝 的蒸汽经流出蒸汽总管 205汇集后进入气液分离器 203 ,未冷凝的蒸汽进 行余热利用， 冷凝水汇集后与锅炉输水管并网输入锅炉。 在热量由蒸汽 向物料传递的同时， 乙醇和水受热汽化后形成蒸馏气， 蒸馏气经蒸汽出 口 211直接进入精馏塔进行精馏。 在本发明的一个实施方案中， 步骤（C ) 中产生的发酵废料一部分被 用作动物饲料。
本发明的连续乙醇分离装置及工艺具有如下有益效果：
( 1 )蒸醇组件和烘干组件的独特设计及其与转动栅格的恰当工艺配 合能够实现固态物料连续顺畅的流动， 使得固态发酵料蒸醇工艺真正实 现了连续化， 从而提高了生产效率， 降低了劳动强度， 达到了节能降耗 和降^ 生产成本的目的。
( 2 )通过蒸汽与物料直接接触， 极大地提高了传热效率， 使得连续 蒸醇工艺的蒸醇时间在较大的生产能力下缩短至半小时以下， 大大提高 了生产效率。
( 3 )固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装置及工艺能够通过栅格的 转动速度将生产能力调节在一定的范围， 实现了生产的可控可调性操作。
( 4 )连续化操作使得气相中乙醇的浓度稳定， 为进一步精馏提供了 方便， 为产品质量稳定提供了保障。
( 5 )蒸馏气可直接进入精馏塔进行精馏， 省去了先冷凝再进入精馏 塔的步骤， 节约了能源， 提高了精馏效率。
( 6 )在蒸醇组件下方加设了烘干组件， 使得步骤（c ) 中产生的蒸 馏废料（糟渣） 的含水量进一步降低， 适于被送入蒸馏所使用的锅炉中 作为燃料和动物饲料， 从而实现废料的循环利用。 不但节省了生产成本， 降低了能耗， 还减少了废料处理的工序， 具有重大的环保意义。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明的连续乙醇分离装置的结构示意图。 图中附图标记： 201-驱动电机； 202-冷凝液出口； 203-气液分离器； 204 -蒸汽出口； 205- 流出蒸汽总管； 206-蒸汽折流板； 207-转轴； 208-布料栅板； 209-发酵 料入口； 210-进料螺旋送料器； 211-顶部蒸汽出口； 212-装置外壳； 213- 塔板转动栅格； 213， -加热盘转动栅格； 214-塔板； 214， -加热盘； 215- 塔板扇形通孔； 215， -加热盘扇形通孔； 216-输入蒸汽总管； 217-下料 仓； 21 8-螺旋物料输出机； 219-双层翻板阀； 220-出料口。 具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵和连续乙醇分离的 装置及工艺， 以解决当前甜高粱秸秆制乙醇过程中液态发酵原料预处理 成本高、 乙醇产率低和固态发酵生产效率低、 连续化困难的问题， 实现 甜高粱秸秆制燃料乙醇的连续化生产。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 步骤（C ) 中产生的发酵废料（糟渣） 除了一部分被送入蒸馏所使用的锅炉中燃烧之外， 另一部分被用作动物 饲料。 这样实现废料的充分利用。 不但节省了生产成本， 降低了能耗， 还有重大的环保意义。 下面结合附图， 对本发明做进一步说明。
图 1 为本发明的连续乙醇分离装置的结构示意图。 如图所示， 该装 置主要包括外壳 21 2、 与外壳 212入口连接的螺旋物料输入机 21 0、 与外 壳 212出口连接的下料仓 217以及螺旋物料输出机 218、位于外壳 212中 心轴上的转轴 207以及与转轴 207连接的驱动电机 201。在螺旋物料输入 机 21 0的下方、外壳 212内壁上设置布料栅板 208 , 该布料栅板 208是由 数块栅格板组成的分料装置， 由螺旋物料输入机 21 0输入的发酵料经布 料器分料后能够均布在塔板 214表面上的塔板转动栅格 21 3 内。 在所述 转轴的上部串接多个塔板 214 ,所述塔板是由两个圓盘和侧壁组成的中空 体，在上层圓盘上均布 φ θ. 1-5匪的空隙以用于使蒸汽通过， 所述塔板上 设置有若干个供发酵料流动的塔板扇形通孔 21 5 , 并设有塔板转动栅格 21 3 ,该转动栅格 21 3是由两个圓筒型栅板，其间用数个直栅板连接而成， 转动栅格的中心固定在贯穿于所有加热盘中心的转轴 207 上， 转动栅格 随转轴一起转动。 各塔板 214上的塔板扇形通孔 215在垂直方向上依次 向塔板转动栅格 21 3 的转动反方向上错动一个扇形通孔大小的位置。 蒸 汽经输入蒸汽总管 216 进入各塔板， 并从塔板上层圓盘的空隙处释放， 并沿各个塔板 214上的塔板扇形通孔 21 5上行， 与物料充分接触后运行 至设置外壳上部的蒸汽出口 21 1 , 并经蒸汽出口 21 1进入精馏塔。
在所述转轴 207上和所述各塔板 214的下方与所述各塔板 214同轴 串接多个加热盘 214，， 该加热盘 214， 是由两个无空隙的圓盘和侧壁组 成的中空体， 腔体内设置蒸汽折流板 206 , 以使水蒸汽均匀分布提高与物 料的传热效率。 在加热盘 214， 的侧壁对称开设蒸汽的进出口， 并在加热 盘 214， 上设置与所述塔板 214上相似的加热盘扇形通孔 215， 和加热盘 转动栅格 21 3，。 加热盘 214， 内保持密封， 蒸汽仅能从加热盘的进出口 流入或流出。 加热盘 214， 上的加热盘扇形通孔 215， 在垂直方向上依次 向加热盘转动栅格 21 3， 的转动反方向上错动一个扇形通孔大小的位置。 加热盘 214， 的蒸汽入口与输入蒸汽总管 216相连， 加热盘 214， 的蒸汽 出口与流出蒸汽总管 205相连。 在流出蒸汽总管 205的末端设置气液分 离器 203 , 将蒸汽和冷凝液分离。
外壳 212 的进料口和出料口均设有密封装置， 进料口的密封采用发 酵料堆积密封， 出料口采用翻板阀 219 进行密封， 整个设备保持密封。 外壳 212 的外壁上使用保温材料、 采用夹套内通蒸汽或者电加热带进行 保温， 使温度保持在 1 00 °C及以上。
本发明的从固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的工艺为：
( a )将秸秆类固态发酵料经螺旋送料器 21 0送入装置顶部的布料栅 板 208 ,物料被均布在装置顶部第一层塔板 214上的塔板转动栅格 21 3内 并随其一起运动， 运动至塔板的塔板扇形通孔 215 时下落至第二层塔板 上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最下一层塔板， 在此期间物料与蒸汽充 分接触实现蒸馏。物料在经过最下一层塔板后落入加热盘的 214， 的加热 盘转动栅格 21 3， 内并随其一起运动。 运动至所述加热盘 214， 的加热盘 扇形通孔 21 5， 时下落至下一层加热盘上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最 下一层加热盘。 在所述各个加热盘 214， 上， 物料不与蒸汽相接触， 仅被 加热盘加热以脱去水分， 经过多个加热盘 214， 后， 物料运行至装置底部 的下料仓 21 7。 然后， 物料经螺旋输出机 218和双层翻板阀 219输出， 排 出的物料进行干燥后循环进入锅炉中燃烧。
( b )与此同时， 饱和水蒸汽由输入蒸汽总管 216进入装置内部并分 散到各层塔板之间和加热盘内， 加热盘内冷凝放热后的冷凝水和未冷凝 的蒸汽经流出蒸汽总管 205汇集后进入气液分离器 203 ,未冷凝的蒸汽进 行余热利用， 冷凝水汇集后与锅炉输水管并网输入锅炉。 在热量由蒸汽 向物料传递的同时， 乙醇和水受热汽化后形成蒸馏气， 蒸馏气经蒸汽出 口 211直接进入精馏塔进行精馏。 在本发明的装置和方法中， 经过蒸馏的物料进行干燥后循环进入锅 炉中燃烧， 从而为蒸馏提供热量来源。 剩余的物料还可以作为动物饲料 使用。 这样不但极大地节省了能源和成本， 而且还避免了废料排放对于 环境的影响， 具有重大的环保意义。
在实际生产中获得的结果表明， 每生产 1吨乙醇， 需要 16 屯甜高粱 秸秆作为原料，在原料发酵和蒸馏后产生 1 3. 8吨糟渣，用本发明的方法， 全部使用经发酵和蒸馏后的糟渣作为燃料提供能量， 仅需要 6. 9吨糟渣， 还能够剩余 6. 9吨糟渣作为动物饲料。 而现有技术中， 由于使用煤炭作 为燃料， 生产 1吨乙醇一般需要 0. 5吨煤炭。 由此可见， 本发明的装置 和工艺可以极大的节省能源成本， 具有重大经济效益。 实施例
实施例 1:
本实施例中所用装置中含有 14层塔板和 2层加热盘， 向装置内的蒸 汽管路通入 0. 4MPa的水蒸汽，稳定后，将甜高粱秸秆固态发酵料以 5 t/h 的速度输入装置， 发酵料中乙醇含量为 6% (质量分数）， 调整转轴转速使 发酵料在装置内的停留时间为 35min,发酵料在塔板或加热盘上的堆积高 度维持在 100—220匪， 回流比调节为 0. 1。 待系统稳定后， 取蒸馏后的糟 渣进行乙醇含量分析， 结果表明， 乙醇的回收率为 98. 2%, 蒸馏后的物料 含水率为 70. 4%。 实施例 2:
本实施例中所用装置中含有 9层塔板和 3层加热盘， 向装置内的蒸 汽管路通入 0. 4MPa的水蒸汽， 稳定后， 将甜高粱秸秆固态发酵料以 3. 5 t/h的速度输入装置， 发酵料中乙醇含量为 5% (质量分数）， 调整转轴转 速使发酵料在装置内的停留时间为 25min ,发酵料在塔板或加热盘上的堆 积高度维持在 100_150mm, 回流比调节为 0. 15。 待系统稳定后， 取蒸馏 后的糟渣进行乙醇含量分析， 结果表明， 乙醇的回收率为 98. 8%, 蒸馏后 的物料含水率为 62. 1%。
实施例 3:
本实施例中所用装置中含有 6层塔板和 4层加热盘， 向装置内的蒸 汽管路通入 0. 4MPa的水蒸汽，稳定后，将甜高粱秸秆固态发酵料以 2 t/h 的速度输入装置， 发酵料中乙醇含量为 7% (质量分数）， 调整转轴转速使 发酵料在装置内的停留时间为 20min,发酵料在塔板或加热盘上的堆积高 度维持在 50_100匪， 回流比调节为 0。 待系统稳定后， 取蒸馏后的糟渣 进行乙醇含量分析， 结果表明， 乙醇的回收率为 99. 1%, 蒸馏后的物料含 水率为 57. 6%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种从固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装置， 所述装置包括： 外壳（212 )、 与外壳（212 )入口连接的螺旋物料输入机（21 0 )、 与外壳 ( 212 ) 出口连接的下料仓（ 217 ) 以及螺旋物料输出机（ 218 )、 位于外 壳（ 212 )中心轴上的转轴（ 207 )以及与转轴（ 207 )连接的驱动电机（ 201 ), 其特征在于： 在所述螺旋物料输入机（21 0 ) 的下方、 外壳 （212 ) 的内 壁上设置布料栅板（ 208 ); 所述外壳（212 ) 内纵向方向上分为蒸醇组件 和烘干组件， 所述烘干组件位于蒸醇组件的下方并与蒸醇组件相连通， 所述蒸醇组件由串接在所述转轴上的多个塔板（214 )组成， 所述塔板 ( 214 )是由两个圓盘和侧壁组成的中空体，在上层圓盘上均布 φ 0. l-5mm 的空隙 （或一定空隙率的丝网烧结板） 以用于使蒸汽通过， 在每个塔板 上均设有塔板转动栅格 ( 21 3 )和塔板扇形通孔（ 215 ); 所述蒸醇组件的 蒸汽进口位于所述蒸醇组件的底部， 蒸汽出口位于所述蒸醇组件的顶部； 所述烘干组件由串接在所述转轴上的多个加热盘（214， )组成， 所述加 热盘（214 ' )是由两个圓盘和侧壁组成的中空体， 腔体内设置蒸汽折流 挡板（ 206 ), 并腔体内通入水蒸汽； 在加热盘（214， ) 的侧壁对称开设 蒸汽的进出口； 在每个加热盘 （214， ) 上也分别设置加热盘转动栅格 ( 21 3' )和加热盘扇形通孔（ 215， ); 所述蒸醇组件和所述加热盘（ 214， ) 的蒸汽进口分别与蒸汽输入总管（ 21 6 )相连， 所述蒸醇组件的蒸汽出口 与外壳顶部的蒸汽出口 （21 1 )相连， 可以使得蒸汽直接进入精馏塔进行 精馏，所述烘干组件的蒸汽出口与设置在外壳下部的流出蒸汽总管（ 205 ) 相连， 在所述流出蒸汽总管 （ 205 ) 的末端设置气液分离器（ 203 ), 将蒸 汽和冷凝液分离。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装 置， 其特征在于： 所述加热盘（214， )上的加热盘扇形通孔（215， )在 垂直方向上依次向加热盘转动栅格（21 3， )转动反方向上错动一个扇形 通孔大小的位置。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装 置， 其特征在于： 所述外壳（212 ) 的外壁上使用保温材料、 采用夹套结 构或者电加热带进行保温， 使温度保持在 100 °C及以上。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装 置， 其特征在于： 所述布料栅板（ 208 )是由数块栅格板组成的分料装置， 由螺旋物料输入机（ 210 )输入的发酵料经布料器分料后能够均布在加热 盘表面上的转动栅格内。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装 置， 其特征在于： 所述转动栅格（21 3 , 21 3，）是由两个圓筒型栅板， 其 间由数个直栅板连接而成， 转动栅格的中心固定在贯穿于所有加热盘中 心的转轴 （ 207 )上， 转动栅格随转轴一起转动。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种固态发酵料中连续分离燃料乙醇的装 置， 其特征在于： 所述塔板由孔板或丝网烧结板等多孔性高强度材料制 成。
7. 一种连续蒸馏乙醇的工艺， 其特征在于包含以下步骤：
( a )将秸秆类固态发酵料经螺旋送料器 210送入装置顶部的布料栅 板 208 ,物料被均布在装置顶部第一层塔板 214上的塔板转动栅格 21 3内 并随其一起运动， 运动至塔板的塔板扇形通孔 215 时下落至第二层塔板 上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最下一层塔板， 在此期间物料与蒸汽充 分接触实现蒸馏。物料在经过最下一层塔板后落入加热盘的 214， 的加热 盘转动栅格 21 3， 内并随其一起运动。 运动至所述加热盘 214， 的加热盘 扇形通孔 215， 时下落至下一层加热盘上的转动栅格内， 以此类推直至最 下一层加热盘。 在所述各个加热盘 214， 上， 物料不与蒸汽相接触， 仅被 加热盘加热以脱除水分， 经过多个加热盘 214， 后， 物料运行至装置底部 的下料仓 217。 然后， 物料经螺旋输出机 218和双层翻板阀 219输出， 排 出的物料进行干燥后循环进入锅炉中燃烧。
( b )与此同时， 饱和水蒸汽由输入蒸汽总管 216进入装置内部并分 散到各层塔板之间和加热盘内， 加热盘内冷凝放热后的冷凝水和未冷凝 的蒸汽经流出蒸汽总管 205汇集后进入气液分离器 203 ,未冷凝的蒸汽进 行余热利用， 冷凝水汇集后与锅炉输水管并网输入锅炉。 在热量由蒸汽 向物料传递的同时， 乙醇和水受热汽化后形成蒸馏气， 蒸馏气经蒸汽出 口 21 1直接进入精馏塔进行精馏。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种制取燃料乙醇的连续固态发酵工艺， 其特征在于： 步骤（c ) 中产生的发酵料一部分被用作动物饲料。
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