WO2015010220A2 - Electrode-rigidifying device and rigidifying system using said device - Google Patents

Electrode-rigidifying device and rigidifying system using said device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015010220A2
WO2015010220A2 PCT/CL2014/000030 CL2014000030W WO2015010220A2 WO 2015010220 A2 WO2015010220 A2 WO 2015010220A2 CL 2014000030 W CL2014000030 W CL 2014000030W WO 2015010220 A2 WO2015010220 A2 WO 2015010220A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
stiffening
anodes
anode
extension
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PCT/CL2014/000030
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2015010220A3 (en
Inventor
Percy Danilo YAÑEZ CASTAÑEDA
Original Assignee
Yañez Castañeda Percy Danilo
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Application filed by Yañez Castañeda Percy Danilo filed Critical Yañez Castañeda Percy Danilo
Priority to US14/906,545 priority Critical patent/US20160160375A1/en
Publication of WO2015010220A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015010220A2/en
Publication of WO2015010220A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015010220A3/en
Priority to US16/102,718 priority patent/US20190078223A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/008—Current shielding devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode

Definitions

  • the present application refers to a straightening, separating and stiffening system of anodes, which includes at least one stiffening device, preferably plastic, which improves the quality and increases the production of the metal cathodes obtained in electrolytic processes, avoiding short circuits that affect the nodulation formation on the cathode surface.
  • said system and device that is installed along the sides of each anode, increases the efficiency of electric current and prolongs the time of use of the anodes, solving part of the main problems existing in electrolytic processes.
  • anode plates initially flat, straight or vertical, are used.
  • These anodes mainly made of lead or any other suitable material for the process, suffer degradation due to the corrosive action of the hot acid electrolyte in which they are submerged.
  • the anodes oxidize, producing a thinning of the anode due to the gradual release of the oxide that forms on its surface.
  • the properties of the anodic plates change, including their mechanical properties, being susceptible to deformation, for example, bending concavely, losing their original verticality.
  • the deformation of the anode results in inefficient operation thereof, since a deformed anode tends to reduce its separation, or simply to join, with respect to one or both adjacent cathodes. Said reduction of separation or contact facilitates the production of short circuits in the cathodes to be harvested, which give rise to nodules, malformations or beans, generating losses in the production of cathodes by nodulation and losses in the efficiency of the current.
  • the anodes that are currently used in the electro obtaining or electro refining processes with the use and corrosion by the hot acid electrolyte corrode, thin and deform, losing their verticality and, as a consequence, generating micro short circuits due to the approach of these with one or both adjacent cathodes.
  • the main problem that solves the present invention is to straighten and stiffen the anodes, keeping them vertical, avoiding buckling and, in addition, managing to maintain the greatest distance between anode and cathode all the way in an equidistant way, reducing the percentage of nodulation rejections at 1 and 2% and, therefore, improving the quality and production of cathodes.
  • the devices known in the art do not allow to solve in an integral way the problems derived from the deformation of the anodic plates, that is, to maintain rigid and completely vertical anodes at the same time that there is an equidistant separation of these with the cathodes, avoiding short circuits and nodulation formation that affect the quality and production of electrodepositive electrodes.
  • the present invention proposes a system and a device that straightens and stiffens the anode during its use, while maintaining its separation from adjacent cathodes, avoiding the short circuits causing nodulations.
  • This system consists of the implementation of at least one stiffening device, which consists of a rigid monolithic body, preferably elongated in plastic, which is installed along a large part of the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably the side walls of the anodic plates, where said device has a rectangular internal section that establishes a fit adjusted to the thickness of the anodic plate in most of its length, at least over 50% of its major side, allowing straightening and stiffening said plate.
  • the outer shape of the device of the invention which mainly consists of two inclined planes that form a "V"
  • stiffening the anode allows to efficiently distance the anode from the cathode, avoiding with micro short circuits integrally, that is, separating and stiffening the anodic plates at the same time.
  • the device has other characteristics that favor electrodeposition, as well as facilitate the operation of the electrodes during use.
  • the stiffening system and device of the invention allows to solve the problems of the prior art thanks to the reduction of the micro-short circuits that generate the nodulations, affecting an increase in the efficiency of the electrolytic cells of at least one 2%, which then causes more high quality cathodes to be produced, without nodulations.
  • the most important advantage of the invention in comparison with the state of the art, is that the characteristics of the system and device cause an increase in the production and quality of cathodes harvested by 3 to 5%, as well as an increase in efficiency current of at least 2%, added to the prolongation of the life of the anodes by at least 20%, factors of high incidence in electrodeposition.
  • Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the stiffening system of the invention.
  • Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a preferred embodiment of the stiffener device deploying in a plane the rear, front and side projections, respectively.
  • Figures 3 and 3b show an isometric view of the cross section of the stiffening device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, together with a sectional view of the cross section of said device, respectively.
  • Fig. 4 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell having the stiffener system of the invention installed according to a preferred embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the stiffening device acts with respect to the spacing between anodes and cathodes.
  • Fig. 6 shows an isometric view of the inclined planes present at the ends of the stiffening device according to an embodiment thereof.
  • Figures 7a and 7b show an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention, together with a sectional view of the cross section of said device, respectively.
  • Figures 8a and 8b show a plan view and its lateral projection, respectively, of an embodiment of the invention where the stiffening device incorporates anode spacer elements.
  • Figures 9a and 9b show an isometric view and its subsequent projection, respectively, of a stiffener system with the device of Figure 8 in a set of anodes.
  • Fig. 10 shows an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffener system of the invention that includes at least one central ring-type separator device next to the stiffener.
  • Figures l ia, llb and 11c show rear, front and side views, respectively, of one embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention.
  • Figures 12a and 12b show an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention, together with its cross-section, respectively, which includes reinforcement in the area of fit with the anode.
  • the present invention consists of a stiffener device and its incorporation in a stiffener system that allows stiffening and straightening an anode plate throughout its length, while maintaining an equidistant separation along the entire anode with respect to adjacent cathodes.
  • Said system and device make it possible to reduce the formation of nodulations in electrodeposited cathodes by preventing the formation of short circuits caused by the reduction of separation between anode and cathode, in addition to increasing the life of the anodes by preventing their deformation due to constant degradation. that these suffer during the operation in the electrolytic medium.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the stiffener system incorporating stiffener devices 2, in particular two, installed on the sides 5 of an anodic plate 1, along most of the extension of said sides 5, at least covering 50 % of the extension of said side 5 or preferably between 50 and 100% of said sides, where in one embodiment the entire extension of the major side of the electrode is covered.
  • said stiffening devices 2 include inclined planes 3, as detailed in Figure 6, located at least one of the ends of the stiffening device 2, on the walls or lateral planes 4 of said device. Said inclined planes 3 facilitate the operation with the electrodes by allowing their proper location thanks to the sliding that occurs between the edges of an electrode and said inclined planes 3 during the extraction or entry into the electrolytic cell.
  • the inclined planes 3 In addition to facilitating the correct location of the electrodes in the cell, they prevent them from coming into contact during said operations and, therefore, from being damaged by said contact.
  • the stiffening devices 2 have inclined planes 3 both on both sides of the upper end and on both sides of the lower end of said device, as shown in Figure 1, facilitating that the electrodes freely slide over said planes both in the extraction and in the entry of cathodes and / or anodes of the electrolytic cell.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c it is possible to appreciate a stiffening device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein said device has inclined planes 3 at both ends of the device 2.
  • figures 2a, 2b and 2c which exposes Rear, front and side views of the stiffener device 2 respectively, show its triangular configuration, where the back is wider than the front.
  • said figure shows fixing holes 6 located at the front end of the stiffening device 2, along the extension thereof. Said fixing holes 6 allow the stiffening device 2 to be firmly fixed to the side 5 of the anode 1, using fixing means not shown in the figure.
  • FIGs 3a and 3b show schematic views that allow to observe in greater detail the configuration of the stiffener device 2.
  • said device has inclined side walls 4 in the form of "V" that define an equidistant angle with respect to to the transverse symmetry axis of the stiffening device 2, describing a triangular configuration as shown in Figure 3b.
  • the inclined side walls 4 define that the stiffening device 2 has a triangular cross-section, with a rear part wider than the front part, where said section, in particular the rear part, is responsible for maintaining adequate separation.
  • the inclined side walls 4 meet at the front center of the stiffener device 2 to form a shim zone 7, of square or rectangular section, preferably arranged along most of the front extension of said device, more preferably in all its frontal extension.
  • the shim zone 7 allows most of the side 5 of an anode 1 to be installed tightly in said shim zone 7, at least covering 50% of said cost or between 50% and 100%, providing sufficient surface for that the fixing holes 6, which are preferably present on the lateral sides of said shim zone, establish fixing points of the anode 1 to the stiffening device 2, stiffening the anodic plate.
  • one embodiment of the invention has a shim zone 7 with beveled ends 8.
  • Such beveled ends 8 favor electrodeposition by exposing both surfaces of the anodic plate to a adjacent angle to adjacent cathodes , which facilitates the circulation of the current between the electrodes and through the electrolytic medium.
  • Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, where stiffening devices 2 are installed in most of both sides 5 of a set of anodes 1, where said devices cover at least 50% of the extension of said sides 5 or preferably between 50% and 100%, covering in a modality the entire extension of said sides. From said figure it can be seen that between two anodes there is provided a space in which a cathodic plate is located, preferably with covers, where the stiffening devices 2 establish an equidistant separation between an anode and its adjacent cathode along the entire electrode, preventing it from becoming deformed and, therefore, joining with a cathode throughout its surface area.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the position occupied by anodes 1, using stiffening device 2, next to cathodes 9, using edge covers 10.
  • the stiffening device establishes an equidistant separation between anode 1 and cathode 9, preventing it from varying both along the electrode and while the anode degrades thanks to the stiffening effect. Said separation, together with the effect of avoiding deformation of the anodic plate, allows to reduce the occurrence of short circuits that affect the formation of nodulations and, therefore, increases the production of high quality cathodes.
  • Figures 7a and 7b show an embodiment of the invention comprising geometric characteristics of the stiffening device 2 that facilitate the passage of the current lines through the various openings 11 that can be made along the device.
  • the modality shown in Figures 7a and 7b describe a discontinuous fit zone 7, that is, with openings 11 which allow to expose a larger surface of the anode in order to provide a greater area for the circulation of current between anode and cathode to through the electrolytic medium, while still maintaining the stiffening effect provided by the device of the invention.
  • Figures 8a and 8b show another embodiment of the invention that includes distance elements 12 located on one or both sides or inclined walls of the stiffening device, preferably at its rear, where in a preferred embodiment said distance elements 12 form an integral part of said device.
  • the main characteristic of the distance elements 12 is to establish a contact surface between anodes, so that the separation between two anodes is always constant and, therefore, so that the cathode located between anodes that have the stiffening device 2 with distance elements 12 have a constant separation between adjacent anodes.
  • Figures 9a and 9b show an embodiment of the system of the invention comprising the use of a stiffening device 2 with distance elements 12, it being possible to appreciate the contact between said distance elements belonging to stiffening devices located in adjacent anodes.
  • said distance elements 12 may be located along the entire rear extension of the stiffening device 2 or at least in part of said extension, as can be seen in Figure 8b.
  • said spacer elements 12 are located in the center of the posterior longitudinal extension of the stiffening device 2, so as to provide a balanced contact surface between anodes as shown in Figures 9a and 9b.
  • Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the system of the invention that, in addition to incorporating stiffening devices 2 on the sides of each anode 1, incorporates at least one central separating device 13, and more of said devices may exist in the transverse extension of anode 1.
  • the central separating device 13 consists of a continuous ring that surrounds the anode on both sides, both in its upper part passing over the support bar and in its lower edge.
  • another embodiment of the central separating device 13 comprises a sectioned ring in its lower part, as a clamp, where this type of device can be easily installed in the anode when inserted from its upper part, without the need to fix both sides Of the device.
  • the central separating devices 13 are responsible for strengthening the stiffening characteristics of the stiffening devices 2, being useful in the case of anodes having high wear and / or in anodes of great transverse extension. Additionally, in figure 10 it is possible to appreciate that the central separating device 13 has fixing holes 6 along its extension, as in the shim zone 7 of the stiffening device 2, which allow fixing the central separating device 13 to the anode surface as well as joining the components of said device, specifically in its lower part if it corresponds to devices of the continuous ring type.
  • Figures 1, 1 Ib and 11c show an embodiment of the stiffener device 2 comprising a variable geometric configuration along the longitudinal extension of the device, defining a variable cross section along said extension.
  • a variable cross-section of the stiffener device 2 defined by a variable inclined side wall 4, facilitates the circulation of the electrolytic medium in the same way that occurs when using the discontinuous fit zone mode 7, expanding the exposure angle of the electrode surface.
  • Figures 12a and 12b show an embodiment of the stiffener device 2 in which the shim zone 7, which is formed from the joint between the inclined side walls 4 in the form of "V", is reinforced.
  • the shim zone 7 does not project from the joint of the inclined side walls 4 as in the preferred embodiment of the invention, but consists in a perforation or channel, of rectangular or square section, disposed within the side walls of the device, located in the axis of symmetry of the cross section of the device, specifically in its front part.
  • the shim zone 7 does not comprise projecting edges as in the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 3b, reducing the weakness of said edges in the face of mechanical stresses as well as providing side walls of the stiffening device that describe a surface with greater continuity, which favors the flow of current and, therefore, electrodeposition.
  • an embodiment of the stiffening device according to the invention has a triangular shaped lower support, preferably integrated to the device, which has a base which, depending on the dimensions of the electrolytic cell, comes into contact with the bottom of said cell, offering greater stability to the anodes.
  • said lower support has inclined walls intended to favor the installation and removal of adjacent cathodes, preventing them from hitting the bottom part of the anode.
  • any of the modalities presented above of the stiffener device and, therefore, of the stiffener system for example consisting of a combination of one or more of the above characteristics and / or of any component known in the art, They are considered within the scope of protection of this application.

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode-rigidifying device which prevents short-circuits from being produced between anodes and cathodes during electrodeposition processes, where said device comprises a rigid monolithic body with inclined side walls which form a triangular-shaped cross-section, wider in the rear part thereof, where said inclined side walls come together in the front part of the device, forming a wedge area arranged so as to receive the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably of an anode, in a tightly fitting manner, rigidifying same over the entire extension thereof and separating it from the adjacent electrodes. The invention also relates to an associated rigidifying system.

Description

DISPOSITIVO RIGIDIZADOR DE ELECTRODOS Y SISTEMA RIGIDIZADOR QUE UTILIZA DICHO DISPOSITIVO. MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA  RIGIDIZING DEVICE OF ELECTRODES AND RIGIDIZING SYSTEM THAT USES SUCH DEVICE. DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
La presente solicitud se refiere a un sistema enderezador, separador y rigidizador de ánodos, que incluye al menos un dispositivo rigidizador, preferentemente plástico, que mejora la calidad y aumenta la producción de los cátodos metálicos obtenidos en procesos electrolíticos, evitando cortocircuitos que inciden en la formación de nodulaciones en la superficie del cátodo. Además, dicho sistema y dispositivo que se instala a lo largo de los costados de cada ánodo, aumenta la eficiencia de corriente eléctrica y prolonga el tiempo de uso de los ánodos, resolviendo parte de los principales problemas existentes en procesos electrolíticos.  The present application refers to a straightening, separating and stiffening system of anodes, which includes at least one stiffening device, preferably plastic, which improves the quality and increases the production of the metal cathodes obtained in electrolytic processes, avoiding short circuits that affect the nodulation formation on the cathode surface. In addition, said system and device that is installed along the sides of each anode, increases the efficiency of electric current and prolongs the time of use of the anodes, solving part of the main problems existing in electrolytic processes.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Es conocido que durante los procesos electrolíticos de producción de cátodos metálicos, por ejemplo mediante electro obtención y refinación electrolítica, se utilicen placas de ánodos, inicialmente planas, rectas ó verticales. Dichos ánodos, fabricados principalmente en plomo o cualquier otro material adecuado para el proceso, sufren degradación por la acción corrosiva del electrolito ácido caliente en el que se encuentran sumergidos. En este contexto, durante la operación de una celda electrolítica los ánodos se oxidan, produciéndose un adelgazamiento del ánodo producto del desprendimiento gradual del óxido que se forma en su superficie. Luego, al perder espesor, las propiedades de las placas anódicas cambian, entre ellas sus propiedades mecánicas, siendo susceptible a deformarse, por ejemplo pandearse en forma cóncava, perdiendo su verticalidad original. La deformación del ánodo resulta en un funcionamiento ineficiente del mismo, dado que un ánodo deformado tiende a reducir su separación, o simplemente a juntarse, respecto de uno o ambos cátodos adyacentes. Dicha reducción de separación o contacto facilita la producción de cortocircuitos en los cátodos a cosechar, los cuales dan origen a nodulos, malformaciones ó porotos, generando pérdidas en la producción de cátodos por nodulación y pérdidas en la eficiencia de la corriente. It is known that during the electrolytic processes of metal cathode production, for example by electro obtaining and electrolytic refining, anode plates, initially flat, straight or vertical, are used. These anodes, mainly made of lead or any other suitable material for the process, suffer degradation due to the corrosive action of the hot acid electrolyte in which they are submerged. In this context, during the operation of an electrolytic cell the anodes oxidize, producing a thinning of the anode due to the gradual release of the oxide that forms on its surface. Then, when losing thickness, the properties of the anodic plates change, including their mechanical properties, being susceptible to deformation, for example, bending concavely, losing their original verticality. The deformation of the anode results in inefficient operation thereof, since a deformed anode tends to reduce its separation, or simply to join, with respect to one or both adjacent cathodes. Said reduction of separation or contact facilitates the production of short circuits in the cathodes to be harvested, which give rise to nodules, malformations or beans, generating losses in the production of cathodes by nodulation and losses in the efficiency of the current.
Adicionalmente, una vez ocurridas las condiciones de degradación y deformación del ánodo, la corrosión aumenta y el adelgazamiento de la placa también, lo que origina mayor deformación y pérdida aún mayor de la producción de cátodos y de la eficiencia de corriente. Este proceso de degradación del ánodo culmina en que las esquinas de las placas anódicas, debido a su adelgazamiento, comienzan a doblarse aún más, hasta que finalmente sea necesario el cambio de la o las placas anódicas afectadas.  Additionally, once the conditions of degradation and deformation of the anode have occurred, the corrosion increases and the thinning of the plate also, which causes greater deformation and even greater loss of cathode production and current efficiency. This process of anode degradation culminates in the fact that the corners of the anode plates, due to their thinning, begin to bend even more, until finally the change of the affected anode plate or plates is necessary.
En este contexto, los ánodos que se utilizan actualmente en los procesos de electro obtención ó electro refinación, con el uso y la corrosión por el electrolito ácido caliente se corroen, adelgazan y deforman, perdiendo su verticalidad y, como consecuencia, generando micro cortocircuitos debido al acercamiento de éstos con uno o ambos cátodos adyacentes. Esto resulta en nodulaciones ó porotos en las placas electro depositadas, produciéndose con ello una pérdida de la eficiencia de corriente, y un rechazo de las placas cosechadas por nodulación, sumado a que con mayor uso la degradación del ánodo se acentúa, lo que obliga muchas veces a la reposición prematura del ánodo o grupo de ánodos afectados.  In this context, the anodes that are currently used in the electro obtaining or electro refining processes, with the use and corrosion by the hot acid electrolyte corrode, thin and deform, losing their verticality and, as a consequence, generating micro short circuits due to the approach of these with one or both adjacent cathodes. This results in nodulations or beans in the electro-deposited plates, resulting in a loss of current efficiency, and a rejection of the plates harvested by nodulation, added to the fact that with greater use the degradation of the anode is accentuated, which forces many times to premature replacement of the anode or group of affected anodes.
En este contexto, diversas soluciones han incursionado en mejorar las propiedades del ánodo para reducir los efectos que el medio electrolítico tiene sobre dicho componente. Luego, se han diseñado ánodos con aleaciones de titanio u otros materiales, que si bien logran aumentar la vida útil de éstos, encarecen enormemente su utilización. Por lo tanto, se requiere una solución que W In this context, various solutions have ventured into improving the properties of the anode to reduce the effects that the electrolytic medium has on said component. Then, anodes have been designed with alloys of titanium or other materials, which, although they manage to increase their useful life, greatly increase their use. Therefore, a solution is required that W
permita incrementar la vida útil del ánodo, sin importar su composición, al mismo tiempo que reduce los efectos de su degradación sobre la producción y calidad de los cátodos. allow to increase the life of the anode, regardless of its composition, while reducing the effects of its degradation on the production and quality of the cathodes.
Al respecto, existen métodos destinados a rigidizar los ánodos nuevos, como el descrito en la solicitud de patente de invención CL 778-1996. Dicha solicitud describe un método en donde, mediante máquinas de gran envergadura como prensas hidráulicas, se estampan figuras con gran presión mecánica ejercida en toda la superficie del ánodo, imprimiendo en las placas formas diversas que las rigidizan. Luego, cuando dichas placas entran en operación, se mantienen rígidas por un período de tiempo más prolongado que el de una placa sin estampado, resolviéndose en parte el problema planteado anteriormente. Sin embargo, una gran desventaja de la solución propuesta por la solicitud CL 778-1996 es que, una vez iniciada la corrosión de uno o más ánodos, éstos pierden espesor siendo inevitable la deformación o pandeo de los mismos, desencadenándose los problemas planteados con anterioridad, es decir, produciéndose cátodos de mala calidad, pérdida de eficiencia de corriente y, consecuentemente, el correspondiente rechazo de los cátodos por nodulación. In this regard, there are methods intended to stiffen the new anodes, such as that described in the patent application CL 778-1996. Said application describes a method where, by means of large-scale machines such as hydraulic presses, figures with great mechanical pressure exerted on the entire anode surface are stamped, printing on the plates various shapes that stiffen them. Then, when said plates go into operation, they remain rigid for a longer period of time than that of a plate without stamping, partially solving the problem posed above. However, a great disadvantage of the solution proposed by the CL 778-1996 application is that, once the corrosion of one or more anodes has begun, they lose thickness, deformation or buckling of the same being inevitable, triggering the problems set forth above. , that is, producing cathodes of poor quality, loss of current efficiency and, consequently, the corresponding rejection of cathodes by nodulation.
Otro tipo de soluciones que se encuentran en la técnica corresponden a enormes sistemas del tamaño de la celda electrolítica, donde dichos sistemas separan los ánodos de los cátodos, en forma equidistante, utilizando guías con forma de canales para que los ánodos y cátodos se desplacen verticalmente. Dichos dispositivos de guía, que se aplican cuando los cátodos madres no usan cubrebordes, funcionan bien cuando los ánodos y cátodos están perfectamente verticales, es decir, mientras se encuentren nuevos. Sin embargo, en cuanto empiezan a usarse los ánodos, éstos de todas formas comienzan a corroerse, a perder espesor y a deformarse, según lo que se ha planteado anteriormente, sucediendo lo mismo con los cátodos madres. Luego, al requerirse la extracción de los ánodos y/o cátodos deformados, las guías de desplazamiento se convierten en una traba que hace ineficiente la operación, ya que la deformación de los electrodos debido a su uso dificulta el deslizamiento de los mismos por dichas guías. Por lo tanto, las desventajas de este sistema son su alto costo de implementación, sumado a que los canales guías no enderezan ni rigidizan los ánodos cuando éstos se deforman. En este contexto, se requiere de una solución que además de otorgar rigidez a los ánodos, permita que tanto los cátodos como ánodos puedan extraerse e introducirse de la celda sin interrupciones. Another type of solutions found in the art correspond to huge systems of the size of the electrolytic cell, where said systems separate the anodes from the cathodes, in an equidistant way, using channels-shaped guides so that the anodes and cathodes move vertically. . These guiding devices, which are applied when the mother cathodes do not use edge covers, work well when the anodes and cathodes are perfectly vertical, that is, while they are new. However, as soon as the anodes begin to be used, they begin to corrode, lose thickness and deform anyway, according to what has been previously stated, the same thing happening with the mother cathodes. Then, when the removal of deformed anodes and / or cathodes is required, the displacement guides become a lock that makes the operation inefficient, since the deformation of the electrodes due to their use makes it difficult to slide them through said guides. Therefore, the disadvantages of this system are its high cost of implementation, added to the fact that the guide channels do not straighten or stiffen the anodes when they deform. In this context, a solution is required that, in addition to granting stiffness to the anodes, allows both cathodes and anodes to be removed and introduced from the cell without interruption.
Por otra parte, en diversos documentos, como en las patentes US 5762776, CL 46009, US 4619751 y US 3997421, se describen dispositivos separadores y/o aisladores que están localizados en la superficie del ánodo, tanto en el tercio inferior de éste, en sus costados, en su parte central ó en una combinación de las posiciones anteriores, permitiendo mantener una separación específica entre ánodos y cátodos, reduciendo tanto los riesgos de cortocircuitos como las pérdidas de eficiencia de corriente. Dichos dispositivos son instalados en los ánodos para proveer superficies de contacto y deslizamiento que mantienen una distancia uniforme entre los ánodos y los cátodos adyacentes, además de facilitar la introducción y extracción de los electrodos durante las operaciones comunes que se efectúan en los sistemas electrolíticos. Sin embargo, cuando comienzan la corrosión y consecuentes adelgazamiento y deformación de los ánodos, dichos dispositivos únicamente permiten mitigar los efectos del pandeo, es decir, sin rigidizar los ánodos, por lo que los cortocircuitos se producen de igual manera cuando los ánodos se degradan y, por consiguiente, se deforman.  On the other hand, in various documents, such as in patents US 5762776, CL 46009, US 4619751 and US 3997421, separating devices and / or insulators that are located on the surface of the anode are described, both in the lower third thereof, in its sides, in its central part or in a combination of the previous positions, allowing to maintain a specific separation between anodes and cathodes, reducing both the risks of short circuits and the losses of current efficiency. Such devices are installed in the anodes to provide contact and sliding surfaces that maintain a uniform distance between the anodes and the adjacent cathodes, in addition to facilitating the introduction and removal of the electrodes during the common operations carried out in the electrolytic systems. However, when corrosion begins and consequent thinning and deformation of the anodes, these devices only allow mitigating the effects of buckling, that is, without stiffening the anodes, so short circuits occur in the same way when the anodes degrade and , consequently, they deform.
Como se deriva de lo anterior, para reducir la deformación, aumentar la calidad y producción de cátodos, donde éstos estén libres de nodulaciones, así como también para aumentar la eficiencia de corriente y aumentar la vida útil del ánodo, se hace necesario mantener verticales a los ánodos, y asegurar el máximo distanciamiento entre ánodo y cátodo a todo lo largo de ellos. Sin embargo, los sistemas tradicionales de separación no contemplan cómo evitar el pandeo de los ánodos en forma integral, sólo se limitan a mitigar los efectos del pandeo con el uso de separadores como un objetivo secundario. Ejemplo de lo anterior es que el porcentaje de rechazos de cátodos electro obtenidos con estos sistemas de separación se encuentra en un rango entre 4 y 7%, factores indeseables para las altas tasas de producción que se manejan en la actualidad. As derived from the above, to reduce deformation, increase the quality and production of cathodes, where they are free of nodulations, as well as to increase current efficiency and increase the life of the anode, it is necessary to keep verticals at the anodes, and ensure maximum spacing between anode and cathode throughout them. However, traditional separation systems do not contemplate how to avoid the buckling of the anodes in an integral way, they are only limited to mitigate the effects of the buckling with the use of separators as a secondary objective. An example of the above is that the percentage of electrode cathode rejections obtained with these separation systems is in a range between 4 and 7%, undesirable factors for the high production rates currently being managed.
Por lo tanto, el problema principal que soluciona la presente invención es enderezar y rigidizar los ánodos, manteniéndolos verticales, evitando el pandeo y, además, logrando mantener la mayor distancia entre ánodo y cátodo a todo lo largo en forma equidistante, reduciéndose el porcentaje de rechazos por nodulación al 1 y 2% y, por lo tanto, mejorando la calidad y producción de los cátodos. Therefore, the main problem that solves the present invention is to straighten and stiffen the anodes, keeping them vertical, avoiding buckling and, in addition, managing to maintain the greatest distance between anode and cathode all the way in an equidistant way, reducing the percentage of nodulation rejections at 1 and 2% and, therefore, improving the quality and production of cathodes.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Como se ha planteado anteriormente, los dispositivos conocidos en la técnica no permiten resolver de forma integral los problemas derivados de la deformación de las placas anódicas, es decir, mantener ánodos rígidos y completamente verticales al mismo tiempo que existe una separación equidistante de éstos con los cátodos, evitando los cortocircuitos y formación de nodulaciones que afectan la calidad y producción de electrodos electro depositados.  As stated above, the devices known in the art do not allow to solve in an integral way the problems derived from the deformation of the anodic plates, that is, to maintain rigid and completely vertical anodes at the same time that there is an equidistant separation of these with the cathodes, avoiding short circuits and nodulation formation that affect the quality and production of electrodepositive electrodes.
Frente a lo anterior, la presente invención propone un sistema y un dispositivo que endereza y rigidiza al ánodo durante su uso, al mismo tiempo que mantiene la separación de éste respecto de los cátodos adyacentes, evitando los cortocircuitos causantes de las nodulaciones. Este sistema consiste en la implementación de al menos un dispositivo rigidizador, el que consiste en un cuerpo monolítico rígido, alargado preferentemente de plástico, que se instala a lo largo de gran parte del borde periférico de un electrodo, preferentemente de las paredes laterales de las placas anódicas, donde dicho dispositivo posee una sección interior rectangular que establece un calce ajustado al espesor de la placa anódica en la mayor parte del largo de la misma, al menos sobre el 50% de su lado mayor, permitiendo enderezar y rigidizar dicha placa. Por otra parte, la forma exterior del dispositivo de la invención, que principalmente consiste en dos planos inclinados que forma una "V", además de dar rigidez al ánodo permite distanciar eficientemente el ánodo del cátodo, evitando con los micro cortocircuitos de forma integral, es decir, separando y rigidizando al mismo tiempo las placas anódicas. Además, el dispositivo posee otras características que favorecen la electrodeposición, así como también facilitan la operación de los electrodos durante su uso. Against the foregoing, the present invention proposes a system and a device that straightens and stiffens the anode during its use, while maintaining its separation from adjacent cathodes, avoiding the short circuits causing nodulations. This system consists of the implementation of at least one stiffening device, which consists of a rigid monolithic body, preferably elongated in plastic, which is installed along a large part of the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably the side walls of the anodic plates, where said device has a rectangular internal section that establishes a fit adjusted to the thickness of the anodic plate in most of its length, at least over 50% of its major side, allowing straightening and stiffening said plate. On the other hand, the outer shape of the device of the invention, which mainly consists of two inclined planes that form a "V", in addition to stiffening the anode allows to efficiently distance the anode from the cathode, avoiding with micro short circuits integrally, that is, separating and stiffening the anodic plates at the same time. In addition, the device has other characteristics that favor electrodeposition, as well as facilitate the operation of the electrodes during use.
Como resultado de estas características, el sistema y dispositivo rigidizador de la invención permite resolver los problemas del arte previo gracias a la disminución de los micro cortocircuitos que generan las nodulaciones, incidiendo un en incremento en la eficiencia de las celdas electrolíticas de al menos en un 2%, lo que hace entonces que se produzcan más cátodos de alta calidad, sin nodulaciones.  As a result of these characteristics, the stiffening system and device of the invention allows to solve the problems of the prior art thanks to the reduction of the micro-short circuits that generate the nodulations, affecting an increase in the efficiency of the electrolytic cells of at least one 2%, which then causes more high quality cathodes to be produced, without nodulations.
La ventaja más importante de la invención, en comparación con el estado de la técnica, es que las características del sistema y dispositivo provocan un incremento en la producción y calidad de los cátodos cosechados en 3 a 5%, así como un aumento en la eficiencia de corriente de al menos un 2%, sumado a la prolongación de la vida útil de los ánodos en al menos un 20%, factores de alta incidencia en la electrodeposición.  The most important advantage of the invention, in comparison with the state of the art, is that the characteristics of the system and device cause an increase in the production and quality of cathodes harvested by 3 to 5%, as well as an increase in efficiency current of at least 2%, added to the prolongation of the life of the anodes by at least 20%, factors of high incidence in electrodeposition.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para una mejor explicación de la invención, se hará una descripción de una realización preferente en relación a las figuras, en donde:  For a better explanation of the invention, a description will be made of a preferred embodiment in relation to the figures, wherein:
La Fig. 1 muestra una vista isométrica de una modalidad preferente del sistema rigidizador de la invención. Las Figuras 2a, 2b y 2c muestran una modalidad preferente del dispositivo rigidizador desplegando en un plano las proyecciones posterior, frontal y lateral, respectivamente. Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the stiffening system of the invention. Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a preferred embodiment of the stiffener device deploying in a plane the rear, front and side projections, respectively.
Las Figuras 3 y 3b muestran una vista isométrica de la sección transversal del dispositivo rigidizador de acuerdo a una modalidad preferente de la invención, junto a una vista en corte de la sección transversal de dicho dispositivo, respectivamente. Figures 3 and 3b show an isometric view of the cross section of the stiffening device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, together with a sectional view of the cross section of said device, respectively.
La Fig. 4 muestra una vista isométrica de un conjunto de ánodos de una celda que tienen instalados el sistema rigidizador de la invención de acuerdo a una modalidad preferente.  Fig. 4 shows an isometric view of a set of anodes of a cell having the stiffener system of the invention installed according to a preferred embodiment.
La Fig. 5 muestra un esquema de una vista en corte de cómo actúa el dispositivo rigidizador con respecto al distanciamiento entre ánodos y cátodos. Fig. 5 shows a diagram of a sectional view of how the stiffening device acts with respect to the spacing between anodes and cathodes.
La Fig. 6 muestra una vista isométrica de los planos inclinados presentes en los extremos del dispositivo rigidizador de acuerdo a una modalidad de éste. Fig. 6 shows an isometric view of the inclined planes present at the ends of the stiffening device according to an embodiment thereof.
Las Figuras 7a y 7b muestran una vista isométrica de una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador de la invención, junto a una vista en corte de la sección transversal de dicho dispositivo, respectivamente.  Figures 7a and 7b show an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention, together with a sectional view of the cross section of said device, respectively.
Las Figuras 8a y 8b muestran una vista en planta y su proyección lateral, respectivamente, de una modalidad de la invención donde el dispositivo rigidizador incorpora elementos distanciadores de ánodos. Figures 8a and 8b show a plan view and its lateral projection, respectively, of an embodiment of the invention where the stiffening device incorporates anode spacer elements.
Las Figuras 9a y 9b muestran una vista isométrica y su proyección posterior, respectivamente, de un sistema rigidizador con el dispositivo de la figura 8 en un conjunto de ánodos.  Figures 9a and 9b show an isometric view and its subsequent projection, respectively, of a stiffener system with the device of Figure 8 in a set of anodes.
La Fig. 10 muestra una vista isométrica de una modalidad del sistema rigidizador de la invención que incluye al menos un dispositivo separador central tipo anillo junto al dispositivo rigidizador. Las Figuras l ia, llb y 11c muestran vistas posterior, frontal y lateral, respectivamente, de una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador de la invención. Las Figuras 12a y 12b muestran una vista isométrica de una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador de la invención, junto con su sección transversal, respectivamente, que incluye refuerzo en la zona de calce con el ánodo. DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION Fig. 10 shows an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffener system of the invention that includes at least one central ring-type separator device next to the stiffener. Figures l ia, llb and 11c show rear, front and side views, respectively, of one embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention. Figures 12a and 12b show an isometric view of an embodiment of the stiffening device of the invention, together with its cross-section, respectively, which includes reinforcement in the area of fit with the anode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención consiste en un dispositivo rigidizador y su incorporación en un sistema rigidizador que permite rigidizar y mantener enderezado una placa anódica en toda su extensión, mientras permite mantener una separación equidistante a lo largo de todo el ánodo respecto de los cátodos adyacentes. Dicho sistema y dispositivo permiten reducir la formación de nodulaciones en los cátodos electro depositados al evitar la formación de cortocircuitos originados por la reducción de separación entre ánodo y cátodo, además de aumentar la vida útil de los ánodos al evitar su deformación producto de la degradación constante que éstos sufren durante la operación en el medio electrolítico.  The present invention consists of a stiffener device and its incorporation in a stiffener system that allows stiffening and straightening an anode plate throughout its length, while maintaining an equidistant separation along the entire anode with respect to adjacent cathodes. Said system and device make it possible to reduce the formation of nodulations in electrodeposited cathodes by preventing the formation of short circuits caused by the reduction of separation between anode and cathode, in addition to increasing the life of the anodes by preventing their deformation due to constant degradation. that these suffer during the operation in the electrolytic medium.
La figura 1 muestra una modalidad del sistema rigidizador que incorpora dispositivos rigidizadores 2, en particular dos, instalados en los costados 5 de una placa anódica 1, a lo largo de la mayor parte de la extensión de dichos costados 5, al menos cubriendo el 50% de la extensión de dicho costado 5 o de preferencia entre el 50 y 100% de dichos costados, donde en una modalidad se cubre toda la extensión del lado mayor del electrodo. En una modalidad preferente de la invención, dichos dispositivos rigidizadores 2 incluyen planos inclinados 3, tal como se detalla en la figura 6, ubicados en al menos uno de los extremos del dispositivo rigidizador 2, sobre las paredes o planos laterales 4 de dicho dispositivo. Dichos planos inclinados 3 facilitan la operación con los electrodos al permitir la ubicación adecuada de éstos gracias al deslizamiento que ocurre entre los bordes de un electrodo y dichos planos inclinados 3 durante la extracción o ingreso a la celda electrolítica. En este sentido, los planos inclinados 3 además de facilitar la correcta ubicación de los electrodos en la celda, impiden que éstos entren en contacto durante dichas operaciones y, por lo tanto, que se dañen producto de dicho contacto. En una modalidad preferente de la invención los dispositivos rigidizadores 2 poseen planos inclinados 3 tanto en ambos costados del extremo superior como en ambos costados del extremo inferior de dicho dispositivo, tal como se muestra en la figura 1, facilitando que los electrodos deslicen libremente sobre dichos planos tanto en la extracción como en el ingreso de cátodos y/o ánodos de la celda electrolítica. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the stiffener system incorporating stiffener devices 2, in particular two, installed on the sides 5 of an anodic plate 1, along most of the extension of said sides 5, at least covering 50 % of the extension of said side 5 or preferably between 50 and 100% of said sides, where in one embodiment the entire extension of the major side of the electrode is covered. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said stiffening devices 2 include inclined planes 3, as detailed in Figure 6, located at least one of the ends of the stiffening device 2, on the walls or lateral planes 4 of said device. Said inclined planes 3 facilitate the operation with the electrodes by allowing their proper location thanks to the sliding that occurs between the edges of an electrode and said inclined planes 3 during the extraction or entry into the electrolytic cell. In this sense, the inclined planes 3 In addition to facilitating the correct location of the electrodes in the cell, they prevent them from coming into contact during said operations and, therefore, from being damaged by said contact. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the stiffening devices 2 have inclined planes 3 both on both sides of the upper end and on both sides of the lower end of said device, as shown in Figure 1, facilitating that the electrodes freely slide over said planes both in the extraction and in the entry of cathodes and / or anodes of the electrolytic cell.
En las figuras 2a, 2b y 2c es posible apreciar un dispositivo rigidizador de acuerdo a una modalidad preferente de la invención, donde dicho dispositivo posee planos inclinados 3 en ambos extremos del dispositivo 2. Adicionalmente, la figuras 2a,2b y 2c, que expone vistas posterior, frontal y lateral del dispositivo rigidizador 2 respectivamente, permiten evidenciar su configuración triangular, donde la parte posterior es más ancha que la parte frontal. Por otra parte, en dicha figura se exponen agujeros de fijación 6 ubicados en el extremo frontal del dispositivo rigidizador 2, a lo largo de la extensión del mismo. Dichos agujeros de fijación 6 permiten fijar firmemente el dispositivo rigidizador 2 al costado 5 del ánodo 1, utilizando medios de fijación no mostrados en la figura.  In figures 2a, 2b and 2c it is possible to appreciate a stiffening device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein said device has inclined planes 3 at both ends of the device 2. Additionally, figures 2a, 2b and 2c, which exposes Rear, front and side views of the stiffener device 2 respectively, show its triangular configuration, where the back is wider than the front. On the other hand, said figure shows fixing holes 6 located at the front end of the stiffening device 2, along the extension thereof. Said fixing holes 6 allow the stiffening device 2 to be firmly fixed to the side 5 of the anode 1, using fixing means not shown in the figure.
Las figuras 3a y 3b muestra vistas esquemáticas que permiten observar con mayor detalle la configuración del dispositivo rigidizador 2. En este contexto, se puede apreciar que dicho dispositivo cuenta con paredes laterales inclinadas 4 en forma de "V" que definen un ángulo equidistante con respecto al eje de simetría transversal del dispositivo rigidizador 2, describiendo una configuración triangular tal como se muestra en la figura 3b. En este sentido, las paredes laterales inclinadas 4 definen que el dispositivo rigidizador 2 posea una sección transversal triangular, con una parte posterior más ancha que la parte frontal, donde dicha sección, en particular la parte posterior, es la encargada de mantener la separación adecuada entre ánodos y cátodos. Por otra parte, las paredes laterales inclinadas 4 se juntan en el centro frontal del dispositivo rigidizador 2 para formar una zona de calce 7, de sección cuadrada o rectangular, dispuesta preferentemente a lo largo de la mayor parte de la extensión frontal de dicho dispositivo, más preferentemente en toda su extensión frontal. La zona de calce 7 permite que la mayor parte del costado 5 de un ánodo 1 se instale de forma ajustada en dicha zona calce 7, al menos cubriendo el 50% de dicho costeado o entre el 50% y 100%, proveyendo superficie suficiente para que los agujeros de fijación 6, que preferentemente están presentes en los costados laterales de dicha zona de calce, establezcan puntos de fijación del ánodo 1 al dispositivo rigidizador 2, rigidizando la placa anódica. Además, de las figuras 3a y 3b se desprende que una modalidad de la invención posee una zona de calce 7 con extremos biselados 8. Dichos extremos biselados 8 favorecen la electrodeposición al exponer en un ángulo amplio ambas superficies de la placa anódica hacia los cátodos adyacentes, lo que facilita la circulación de la corriente entre los electrodos y a través del medio electrolítico. Figures 3a and 3b show schematic views that allow to observe in greater detail the configuration of the stiffener device 2. In this context, it can be seen that said device has inclined side walls 4 in the form of "V" that define an equidistant angle with respect to to the transverse symmetry axis of the stiffening device 2, describing a triangular configuration as shown in Figure 3b. In this sense, the inclined side walls 4 define that the stiffening device 2 has a triangular cross-section, with a rear part wider than the front part, where said section, in particular the rear part, is responsible for maintaining adequate separation. between anodes and cathodes On the other hand, the inclined side walls 4 meet at the front center of the stiffener device 2 to form a shim zone 7, of square or rectangular section, preferably arranged along most of the front extension of said device, more preferably in all its frontal extension. The shim zone 7 allows most of the side 5 of an anode 1 to be installed tightly in said shim zone 7, at least covering 50% of said cost or between 50% and 100%, providing sufficient surface for that the fixing holes 6, which are preferably present on the lateral sides of said shim zone, establish fixing points of the anode 1 to the stiffening device 2, stiffening the anodic plate. In addition, from Figures 3a and 3b it follows that one embodiment of the invention has a shim zone 7 with beveled ends 8. Such beveled ends 8 favor electrodeposition by exposing both surfaces of the anodic plate to a adjacent angle to adjacent cathodes , which facilitates the circulation of the current between the electrodes and through the electrolytic medium.
La figura 4 muestra una modalidad preferente del sistema de la invención, donde dispositivos rigidizadores 2 se encuentran instalados en la mayor parte de ambos costados 5 de un conjunto de ánodos 1, donde dichos dispositivos cubren al menos el 50% de la extensión de dichos costados 5 o de preferencia entre el 50% y 100%, cubriendo en una modalidad toda la extensión de dichos costados. De dicha figura se puede apreciar que entre dos ánodos se provee de un espacio en el cual se ubica una placa catódica, preferentemente con cubrebordes, donde los dispositivos rigidizadores 2 establecen una separación equidistante entre un ánodo y su cátodo adyacente a lo largo de todo el electrodo, evitando que este se deforme y, por lo tanto, se junte con un cátodo en toda la extensión de su superficie.  Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, where stiffening devices 2 are installed in most of both sides 5 of a set of anodes 1, where said devices cover at least 50% of the extension of said sides 5 or preferably between 50% and 100%, covering in a modality the entire extension of said sides. From said figure it can be seen that between two anodes there is provided a space in which a cathodic plate is located, preferably with covers, where the stiffening devices 2 establish an equidistant separation between an anode and its adjacent cathode along the entire electrode, preventing it from becoming deformed and, therefore, joining with a cathode throughout its surface area.
La figura 5 muestra un esquema de la posición que ocupan los ánodos 1 , utilizando el dispositivo rigidizador 2, junto a los cátodos 9, utilizando cubrebordes 10. En este contexto, se puede apreciar que el dispositivo rigidizador establece una separación equidistante entre el ánodo 1 y cátodo 9, impidiendo que esta varíe tanto a lo largo del electrodo como mientras el ánodo se degrada gracias al efecto rigidizador. Dicha separación, junto al efecto de evitar la deformación de la placa anódica, permite reducir la ocurrencia de cortocircuitos que inciden en la formación de nodulaciones y, por lo tanto, aumenta la producción de cátodos de alta calidad. Figure 5 shows a diagram of the position occupied by anodes 1, using stiffening device 2, next to cathodes 9, using edge covers 10. In this context, it is possible to appreciate that the stiffening device establishes an equidistant separation between anode 1 and cathode 9, preventing it from varying both along the electrode and while the anode degrades thanks to the stiffening effect. Said separation, together with the effect of avoiding deformation of the anodic plate, allows to reduce the occurrence of short circuits that affect the formation of nodulations and, therefore, increases the production of high quality cathodes.
Las figuras 7a y 7b muestran una modalidad de la invención que comprende características geométricas del dispositivo rigidizador 2 que facilitan el paso de las líneas de corriente a través de las diversas aberturas 11 que pueden hacerse a lo largo del dispositivo. En este contexto, la modalidad mostrada en las figuras 7a y 7b describen una zona de calce 7 discontinua, es decir, con aberturas 11 que permiten exponer mayor superficie del ánodo para efectos de proveer mayor área para la circulación de corriente entre ánodo y cátodo a través del medio electrolítico, mientras aún se mantiene el efecto rigidizador aportado por el dispositivo de la invención. Figures 7a and 7b show an embodiment of the invention comprising geometric characteristics of the stiffening device 2 that facilitate the passage of the current lines through the various openings 11 that can be made along the device. In this context, the modality shown in Figures 7a and 7b describe a discontinuous fit zone 7, that is, with openings 11 which allow to expose a larger surface of the anode in order to provide a greater area for the circulation of current between anode and cathode to through the electrolytic medium, while still maintaining the stiffening effect provided by the device of the invention.
Las figuras 8a y 8b exponen otra modalidad de la invención que incluye elementos distanciadores 12 ubicados en uno o en ambos costados o paredes inclinadas del dispositivo rigidizador, preferentemente en su parte posterior, donde en una modalidad preferente dichos elementos distanciadores 12 forman parte integral de dicho dispositivo. La principal característica de los elementos distanciadores 12 es establecer una superficie de contacto entre ánodos, de manera que la separación entre dos ánodos sea siempre constante y, por lo tanto, para que el cátodo ubicado entre ánodos que posean el dispositivo rigidizador 2 con elementos distanciadores 12 tenga una separación constante entre ánodos adyacentes. En este contexto, las figuras 9a y 9b exponen una modalidad del sistema de la invención que comprende la utilización de un dispositivo rigidizador 2 con elementos distanciadores 12, siendo posible apreciar el contacto existente entre dichos elementos distanciadores pertenecientes a dispositivos rigidizadores ubicados en ánodos adyacentes. Como resultado, se obtiene una configuración de ánodos que mantienen una separación constante entre ellos, lo que permite reducir las variaciones de la separación entre ánodos y cátodos una vez que estos son instalados en la celda electrolítica. Además, dichos elementos distanciadores 12 pueden estar ubicados a lo largo de toda la extensión posterior del dispositivo rigidizador 2 o al menos en parte de dicha extensión, como es posible apreciar en la figura 8b. De manera preferente, dichos elementos distanciadores 12 se ubican en el centro de la extensión longitudinal posterior del dispositivo rigidizador 2, de manera de proveer una superficie de contacto equilibrada entre ánodos como se muestra en las figuras 9a y 9b. Figures 8a and 8b show another embodiment of the invention that includes distance elements 12 located on one or both sides or inclined walls of the stiffening device, preferably at its rear, where in a preferred embodiment said distance elements 12 form an integral part of said device. The main characteristic of the distance elements 12 is to establish a contact surface between anodes, so that the separation between two anodes is always constant and, therefore, so that the cathode located between anodes that have the stiffening device 2 with distance elements 12 have a constant separation between adjacent anodes. In this context, Figures 9a and 9b show an embodiment of the system of the invention comprising the use of a stiffening device 2 with distance elements 12, it being possible to appreciate the contact between said distance elements belonging to stiffening devices located in adjacent anodes. As a result, a configuration of anodes that maintain a constant separation between them, which allows to reduce the variations of the separation between anodes and cathodes once they are installed in the electrolytic cell. In addition, said distance elements 12 may be located along the entire rear extension of the stiffening device 2 or at least in part of said extension, as can be seen in Figure 8b. Preferably, said spacer elements 12 are located in the center of the posterior longitudinal extension of the stiffening device 2, so as to provide a balanced contact surface between anodes as shown in Figures 9a and 9b.
La figura 10 expone una modalidad del sistema de la invención que, además de incorporar dispositivos rigidizadores 2 en los costados de cada ánodo 1, incorpora al menos un dispositivo separador central 13, pudiendo existir más de dichos dispositivos en la extensión transversal del ánodo 1. En este contexto, en una modalidad el dispositivo separador central 13 consiste en un anillo continuo que rodea por ambas caras el ánodo, tanto en su parte superior pasando por sobre la barra de soporte como en su borde inferior. Por otra parte, otra modalidad del dispositivo separador central 13 comprende un anillo seccionado en su parte inferior, a modo de pinza, donde este tipo de dispositivo se puede instalar fácilmente en el ánodo al insertarlo desde su parte superior, sin necesidad de fijar ambas caras del dispositivo. Los dispositivos separadores centrales 13 se encargan de fortalecer las características rigidizadores de los dispositivos rigidizadores 2, siendo útiles en caso de ánodos que presentan alto desgaste y/o en ánodos de gran extensión transversal. Adicionalmente, en la figura 10 es posible apreciar que el dispositivo separador central 13 posee agujeros de fijación 6 a lo largo de su extensión, al igual que en la zona de calce 7 del dispositivo rigidizador 2, los cuales permiten fijar el dispositivo separador central 13 a la superficie del ánodo así como también unir los componentes de dicho dispositivo, específicamente en su parte inferior si corresponde a dispositivos del tipo anillo continuo. Las figuras l ia, 1 Ib y 11c muestran una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador 2 que comprende una configuración geométrica variable a lo largo de la extensión longitudinal del dispositivo, definiendo una sección transversal variable a lo largo de dicha extensión. En este contexto, una sección transversal variable del dispositivo rigidizador 2, definida por una pared lateral inclinada variable 4, facilita la circulación del medio electrolítico de la misma forma que ocurre al utilizar la modalidad de zona de calce 7 discontinua, ampliando el ángulo de exposición de la superficie del electrodo. Lo anterior, al facilitar la circulación de electrolito, permite mejorar el paso de la corriente sin interrupción de las líneas de flujo, favoreciendo el depósito de metal en el cátodo. Las figuras 12a y 12b muestran una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador 2 en la cual la zona de calce 7, que se forma de la unión entre las paredes laterales inclinadas 4 en forma de "V", se encuentra reforzada. En este contexto, como es posible apreciar, en particular en la figura 12b, la zona de calce 7 de acuerdo a esta modalidad no se proyecta desde la unión de las paredes laterales inclinadas 4 como en la modalidad preferente de la invención, sino que consiste en una perforación o canal, de sección rectangular o cuadrada, dispuesta dentro de las paredes laterales del dispositivo, ubicada en el eje de simetría de la sección transversal de éste, específicamente en su parte frontal. Esto resulta en que la zona de calce 7 no comprenda bordes salientes como en la modalidad preferente que se muestra en la figura 3b, reduciendo la debilidad de dichos bordes frente a esfuerzos mecánicos así como también proveyendo paredes laterales del dispositivo rigidizador que describen una superficie con mayor continuidad, lo que favorece la circulación de corriente y, por lo tanto, la electrodeposición. Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the system of the invention that, in addition to incorporating stiffening devices 2 on the sides of each anode 1, incorporates at least one central separating device 13, and more of said devices may exist in the transverse extension of anode 1. In this context, in one embodiment the central separating device 13 consists of a continuous ring that surrounds the anode on both sides, both in its upper part passing over the support bar and in its lower edge. On the other hand, another embodiment of the central separating device 13 comprises a sectioned ring in its lower part, as a clamp, where this type of device can be easily installed in the anode when inserted from its upper part, without the need to fix both sides Of the device. The central separating devices 13 are responsible for strengthening the stiffening characteristics of the stiffening devices 2, being useful in the case of anodes having high wear and / or in anodes of great transverse extension. Additionally, in figure 10 it is possible to appreciate that the central separating device 13 has fixing holes 6 along its extension, as in the shim zone 7 of the stiffening device 2, which allow fixing the central separating device 13 to the anode surface as well as joining the components of said device, specifically in its lower part if it corresponds to devices of the continuous ring type. Figures 1, 1 Ib and 11c show an embodiment of the stiffener device 2 comprising a variable geometric configuration along the longitudinal extension of the device, defining a variable cross section along said extension. In this context, a variable cross-section of the stiffener device 2, defined by a variable inclined side wall 4, facilitates the circulation of the electrolytic medium in the same way that occurs when using the discontinuous fit zone mode 7, expanding the exposure angle of the electrode surface. The above, by facilitating the circulation of electrolyte, allows to improve the passage of the current without interruption of the flow lines, favoring the deposit of metal in the cathode. Figures 12a and 12b show an embodiment of the stiffener device 2 in which the shim zone 7, which is formed from the joint between the inclined side walls 4 in the form of "V", is reinforced. In this context, as it is possible to appreciate, in particular in Figure 12b, the shim zone 7 according to this modality does not project from the joint of the inclined side walls 4 as in the preferred embodiment of the invention, but consists in a perforation or channel, of rectangular or square section, disposed within the side walls of the device, located in the axis of symmetry of the cross section of the device, specifically in its front part. This results in that the shim zone 7 does not comprise projecting edges as in the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 3b, reducing the weakness of said edges in the face of mechanical stresses as well as providing side walls of the stiffening device that describe a surface with greater continuity, which favors the flow of current and, therefore, electrodeposition.
Finalmente, una modalidad del dispositivo rigidizador de acuerdo a la invención, así como también del sistema que incorpora al menos uno de dichos dispositivos, posee un soporte inferior de forma triangular, preferentemente integrado al dispositivo, el cual posee una base que, dependiendo de las dimensiones de la celda electrolítica, entra en contacto con el fondo de dicha celda, ofreciendo mayor estabilidad a los ánodos. Adicionalmente, dicho soporte inferior tiene paredes inclinadas destinadas a favorecer la instalación y desinstalación de los cátodos adyacentes, evitando que estos se golpeen con la parte inferior del ánodo. Finally, an embodiment of the stiffening device according to the invention, as well as the system incorporating at least one of said devices, has a triangular shaped lower support, preferably integrated to the device, which has a base which, depending on the dimensions of the electrolytic cell, comes into contact with the bottom of said cell, offering greater stability to the anodes. Additionally, said lower support has inclined walls intended to favor the installation and removal of adjacent cathodes, preventing them from hitting the bottom part of the anode.
De acuerdo a las descripciones anteriores cualquier de las modalidades antes presentadas del dispositivo rigidizador y, por lo tanto, del sistema rigidizador, por ejemplo consistentes en una combinación de una o más de las características anteriores y/o de cualquier componente conocido en la técnica, se consideran dentro del alcance de protección de la presente solicitud.  According to the previous descriptions any of the modalities presented above of the stiffener device and, therefore, of the stiffener system, for example consisting of a combination of one or more of the above characteristics and / or of any component known in the art, They are considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo rigidizador de electrodos que evita la ocurrencia de cortocircuitos que se producen entre ánodos y cátodos durante procesos de electrodeposición, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende un cuerpo monolítico rígido de paredes laterales inclinadas que configuran una sección transversal de forma triangular, más ancha en su parte posterior, en donde dichas paredes laterales inclinadas se juntan en la parte frontal del dispositivo formando una zona de calce dispuesta para alojar, de forma ajustada, el borde periférico de un electrodo, preferentemente de un ánodo, rigidizándolo en toda su extensión y separándolo de los electrodos adyacentes. 1. An electrode stiffening device that avoids the occurrence of short circuits that occur between anodes and cathodes during electrodeposition processes, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises a rigid monolithic body of inclined side walls that make up a triangular cross section, wider in part rear, where said inclined side walls meet at the front of the device forming a wedge area arranged to accommodate, in a tight way, the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably of an anode, stiffening it in its entirety and separating it from the adjacent electrodes.
2. El dispositivo de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce se extiende a lo largo de la mayor parte de la extensión frontal del dispositivo, preferentemente a lo largo de toda su extensión. 2. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the shim zone extends along most of the front extension of the device, preferably along its entire length.
3. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque dispone agujeros de fijación, ubicados preferentemente en la zona de calce, a lo largo de la extensión de dicha zona, que permiten fijar el electrodo alojado en dicha zona de calce gracias a medios de fijación. 3. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it has fixing holes, preferably located in the area of fit, along the extension of said area, which allow to fix the electrode housed in said area of fit thanks to fixing means.
4. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce se proyecta desde la unión de las paredes laterales inclinadas hacia afuera del dispositivo. 4. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the shim zone projects from the junction of the side walls inclined outward from the device.
5. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce comprende una perforación o canal ubicado dentro de las paredes laterales del dispositivo. 6. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque al menos uno de sus extremos comprende planos inclinados dispuestos sobre las paredes laterales inclinadas, los cuales facilitan el deslizamiento respecto de electrodos adyacentes. 5. The device according to any of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that the shim zone comprises a perforation or channel located within the side walls of the device. 6. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because at least one of its ends comprises inclined planes arranged on the inclined side walls, which facilitate sliding with respect to adjacent electrodes.
7. El dispositivo de acuerdo a la reivindicación 6, CARACTERIZADO porque ambos extremos del dispositivo poseen planos inclinados dispuestos sobre las paredes laterales del dispositivo. 7. The device according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED because both ends of the device have inclined planes arranged on the side walls of the device.
8. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque las paredes inclinadas laterales definen una sección transversal en forma de "V", con un ángulo equidistante respecto del eje de simetría transversal del dispositivo. 8. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the lateral inclined walls define a "V" shaped cross-section, with an equidistant angle with respect to the transverse symmetry axis of the device.
9. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce posee sección cuadrada o rectangular. 9. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the shim zone has a square or rectangular section.
10. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce posee extremos biselados 10. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the shim zone has beveled ends.
11. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce es discontinua a lo largo de la extensión frontal del dispositivo, ofreciendo aberturas que exponen mayor superficie del electrodo. 11. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the shim zone is discontinuous along the front extension of the device, offering openings that expose greater electrode surface.
13. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende elementos distanciadores ubicados en uno o ambos costados del dispositivo, preferentemente formando parte integral del dispositivo. 13. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises spacer elements located on one or both sides of the device, preferably forming an integral part of the device.
14. El dispositivo de acuerdo a la reivindicación 13, CARACTERIZADO porque los elementos distanciadores se ubican a lo largo de toda la extensión del dispositivo. 14. The device according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED because the distance elements are located along the entire length of the device.
15. El dispositivo de acuerdo a la reivindicación 13, CARACTERIZADO porque los elementos distanciadores se ubican al menos en parte de la extensión del dispositivo, preferentemente al centro de dicha extensión. 15. The device according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the distance elements are located at least in part of the extension of the device, preferably at the center of said extension.
16. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 15, CARACTERIZADO porque los elementos distanciadores establecen una superficie de contacto entre dispositivos, manteniendo una separación constante. 16. The device according to any of claims 13 to 15, CHARACTERIZED in that the distance elements establish a contact surface between devices, maintaining a constant separation.
17. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque su sección transversal es variable, facilitando la circulación del medio electrolítico al ampliar el ángulo de exposición del electrodo. 17. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because its cross section is variable, facilitating the circulation of the electrolytic medium by extending the electrode exposure angle.
18. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque incorpora un soporte inferior de forma triangular, que posee una base plana dispuesta para entrar en contacto con la parte inferior de la celda electrolítica y paredes inclinadas para favorecer el deslizamiento de electrodos adyacentes, donde preferentemente dicho soporte forma parte integral del dispositivo. 18. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it incorporates a triangular shaped lower support, which has a flat base arranged to come into contact with the lower part of the electrolytic cell and inclined walls to favor the sliding of adjacent electrodes, where said support preferably forms an integral part of the device.
19. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque la zona de calce comprende una extensión longitudinal de al menos el 50% de la longitud del lado mayor del electrodo en el que se instala, de preferencia entre el 50 y 100% de dicha longitud. 19. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the shim zone comprises a longitudinal extension of at least 50% of the length of the major side of the electrode on which it is installed, preferably between 50 and 100 % of said length.
20. El dispositivo de acuerdo a la reivindicación 19, CARACTERIZADO porque la extensión de la zona de calce comprende toda la longitud del lado mayor del electrodo en el que se instala. 20. The device according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the extension of the shim zone comprises the entire length of the major side of the electrode on which it is installed.
21. El dispositivo de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, CARACTERIZADO porque está fabricado íntegramente en plástico. 22. Un sistema rigidizador de electrodos que evita la ocurrencia de cortocircuitos que se producen entre ánodos y cátodos durante procesos de electrodeposición, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende, 21. The device according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it is made entirely of plastic. 22. An electrode stiffener system that prevents the occurrence of short circuits that occur between anodes and cathodes during electrodeposition processes, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises,
- al menos un dispositivo rigidizador de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 21, instalado sobre el borde periférico de un electrodo, preferentemente en el costado de un ánodo, rigidizando el electrodo así como también proveyendo una separación equidistante entre electrodos adyacentes. - at least one stiffening device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, installed on the peripheral edge of an electrode, preferably on the side of an anode, stiffening the electrode as well as providing an equidistant separation between adjacent electrodes.
23. El sistema de acuerdo a la reivindicación 22, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende al menos dos dispositivos rigidizadores instalados en ambos costados de un electrodo, preferentemente un ánodo. 24. El sistema de acuerdo a cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 22 ó 23, CARACTERIZADO porque además comprende al menos un dispositivo separador central que envuelve longitudinalmente al electrodo, preferentemente en la porción central de este. 23. The system according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least two stiffening devices installed on both sides of an electrode, preferably an anode. 24. The system according to any of claims 22 or 23, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises at least one central separating device that longitudinally envelops the electrode, preferably in the central portion thereof.
25. El sistema de acuerdo a la reivindicación 24, CARACTERIZADO porque el al menos un dispositivo separador central consiste en un anillo continuo que rodea por ambas caras el electrodo, tanto en su parte superior como en su parte inferior. 25. The system according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that the at least one central separating device consists of a continuous ring that surrounds the electrode on both sides, both in its upper part and in its lower part.
26. El sistema de acuerdo a la reivindicación 24, CARACTERIZADO porque el al menos un dispositivo separador central consiste en un anillo seccionado en su parte inferior, que rodea por ambas caras el electrodo dejando la parte inferior libre. 26. The system according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED in that the at least one central separating device consists of a sectioned ring in its lower part, which surrounds the electrode on both sides leaving the lower part free.
27. El sistema de acuerdo cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 24 a 26, CARACTERIZADO porque el al menos un dispositivo separador central comprende agujeros de fijación para fijarlo al electrodo. 27. The system according to any of claims 24 to 26, CHARACTERIZED in that the at least one central separating device comprises fixing holes for fixing it to the electrode.
PCT/CL2014/000030 2013-07-22 2014-06-19 Electrode-rigidifying device and rigidifying system using said device WO2015010220A2 (en)

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