WO2015007336A1

WO2015007336A1 - Drying device for ceramic articles to be dried

Info

Publication number: WO2015007336A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/065287
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Schneider; Bernhard THÖMMES; Lukas MÄRSCH
Original assignee: Villeroy & Boch Ag
Priority date: 2013-07-19
Filing date: 2013-07-19
Publication date: 2015-01-22

Abstract

Drying device for an article to be dried, especially ceramic article to be dried (formed body 10), comprising at least one article receptacle (11), said article receptacle (11) comprising a brush-type receiving surface (14) for the article to be dried (formed body 10). The brush-type receiving surface (14) is defined by a corresponding brush mat (13).

Description

Drying device for ceramic dry goods

description

The present invention relates to a drying device for dry material, in particular ceramic dry material, with at least one

Trockengutaufnahme. Furthermore, the present invention relates to such a dry material intake and the use thereof for storing dry material,

Ceramics are largely formed from inorganic, fine-grained raw materials with addition of water at room temperature and then dried

Objects (called green bodies), which in a subsequent

Burning above 700 ° C to harder, more durable objects are burned. A harder body is obtained by higher firing temperature, whereby it comes from about 1200 ° C (depending on the clay mass) to a sintering, which eliminates the porosity of the broken piece. This gives permanently liquid-tight vessels. The term "ceramic * today also includes materials based on metal oxides.

In the present case, it is about the drying of moldings produced from the above-mentioned raw materials in order to then glaze them if necessary and to supply the mentioned firing process. These moldings have just a sufficient dimensional stability, which allows a manual or machine "handling *, without the dimensional stability is impaired. Conventionally, one differentiates between a so-called room or cold drying on the one hand and a so-called quick drying with additional heating the

Dry air on the other hand.

In both cases, there is the so-called dry storage or the

Dry material usually also plywood boards with or without

Surface seal made of plastic. In addition, perforated and unperforated metal support plates or the geometry of the dry material are adapted

Metal profiles for this purpose in use. The possible rate of drying depends not only on the surrounding "climate", but also on the recipe of the raw material, which is difficult to dry

To be able to dry raw materials without damage, the drying rate must be kept low to avoid cracks. For this purpose, the moldings can be covered. Industrially, the drying takes place in air-conditioned rooms, i. the humidity and temperature are regulated over the drying time.

A disadvantage of the known drying method, regardless of the type of drying, that the blank partially on the entire surface on the

Dry material intake or the dry storage rest with the result that the drying used at these points only very delayed compared to the places that are freely accessible to the drying air. This results in different shrinkage and internal stresses in the blank, which very often lead to cracking and also to rejects. Currently, attempts to prevent cracking by limiting the rate of drying, which ultimately leads to an extension of the drying times. But extended drying times also mean increased effort

Equipment, in particular for dry goods or dry storage and energy. The present invention is therefore based on the object, a

To provide drying device and a corresponding dry material intake, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.

For this purpose, the drying device according to the invention is characterized

characterized in that the dry material receiving a brush-like

Recording surface for the dry material includes. The corresponding

Dry material intake is preferably in the form of a carrier plate with a the side facing the dry material trained brush carpet

educated.

The wet moldings are thus deposited on a brush carpet, of course, the stiffness and settling density of the brush carpet forming fibers or bristles is chosen so that they are not deformed by the load of the molding. Furthermore, they are so dimensioned and on the

Receiving area distributed that at the footprint of the molding no

Damage may occur. Ideally, one obtains a kind of "elastic bedding" of the molding for the purpose of drying it

Receiving surface has the advantage that it does not hinder the shrinkage of the molding during drying. Above all, there are no locally different shrinkages in the area of the footprint of the molding. The molding can be dried evenly and almost unhindered over the entire contact area. As between the fibers or bristles of the brush carpet enough "flushing" for a mass transfer moisture / drying air remains, the moisture can also under the footprint of the molding without major

Transition resistances are delivered to the drying air. A further advantage of the brush carpet provided according to the invention is also that the molded article can be stored and transported in a manner that is virtually stress-free and protected from impact. As mentioned, the brushed carpet defines a kind of "elastic bedding" with the advantages mentioned above Preferably, the brushing carpet is a plurality of predetermined ones

Spaced apart fiber or bristle bundles formed, which in a preferred embodiment within assigned

Receiving openings, in particular receiving holes are fixed. These receiving openings or receiving bores are formed on a support plate. They preferably have a diameter in the range of 3.0 mm to 4.00 mm, in particular of about 3.5 mm. The center distance between adjacent mounting holes is in the range of 6 mm to 12 mm, in particular from about 8 mm to 10 mm, on the proviso that the center distance decreases or increases proportionally with the bore diameter, so that always a predetermined fiber or Bristle density is obtained on the brush-like receiving surface. The fibers or bristles may consist of polyethylene or polyamide, in which case the diameter of the fibers or bristles must be dimensioned slightly larger compared to the preferably used natural fibers or bristles, such as "pig bristles" or so-called due to the lower stiffness of this material "Mexico Fibers".

To the mentioned "Spülraum" between the bristles or brush elements on the one hand and the footprint of the molding and the support plate

On the other hand, it is expedient to choose the free fiber or bristle length in the range of 8 mm to 15 mm, in particular of about 12 mm. In the case of natural bristles, such as "pig bristles", this fiber length ensures adequate rigidity on the one hand and sufficient flexibility on the other hand The dimensioning of the fibers or bristles naturally depends on the mass to be dried. With a mass of about 30 kg and a footprint of about 300 cm ² , the diameter, length and settling density of the fibers or bristles are preferably such that the surface load of the brush-like receiving surface is about 1.0 N / cm ² For drying smaller loads Of course, a surface load of 0.5 N / cm ² is sufficient, and for larger loads a surface load of about 1.5 N / cm ^{2 is} expedient

Area load between the two aforementioned limits. Of course, the aforementioned surface load limits depend on the mass of the dry material.

Of course, the surface load is determined not only by the free fiber or bristle length and the material of the fibers or bristles, but also by other dimensions, such as

- Fiber or bristle diameter

- fiber or bristle density

Bending stiffness of the fibers or bristles. It has proven particularly advantageous if the fibers or bristles defining the brush-like receiving surface each have a diameter from 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm, in particular from 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm, preferably from about 0.30 mm.

Depending on the material, the bending stiffness of the fibers or bristles is

static

in the range of about 0.12 to 0.45 mN mm ² / tex ²

and

dynamic

in the range of about 0.25 to 0.70 mN mm ² / tex ² .

In this connection, it should be mentioned that there are various measurement methods for determining the flexural strength characteristics of fibers or bristles, which can be essentially reduced to three fundamental process principles: 1. the determination of the deflection of the fiber as a result of its own weight or an applied external load,

2. the determination of the static force effect of a defined bent fiber or a defined bent bristle,

3. the determination of the bending stiffness of the vibration behavior of the fiber or bristle in free or forced vibrations.

As mentioned above, the fiber or bristle density is of essential importance for the stability of the brush-like bearing surface on the one hand and the avoidance of leaving markings on the molding, on the other hand.

Since in a preferred embodiment, the brush-like support surface by a plurality of spaced apart at a predetermined distance Faserbzw. Bristle bundles is formed, the fiber density at this

Embodiment by the number of fibers or bristles per fiber or

Bristle bundles determined. Preferably, each fiber or bristle bundle comprises at least about 100 fibers or bristles, in particular between about 110 to 130 fibers or bristles.

In particular, it should be ensured that the brush-like receiving surface is formed by about 160 to 220 fibers or bristles per cm ² , in particular about 200 fibers or bristles per cm ² . In the above-mentioned grid of fiber or

Borstenaufnahmeniffnungen and assuming that the receiving openings in cross-section are each square with an edge of about 8 mm, this gives the equivalent to 1 cm ² 1.5625 fiber or bristle bundles. If each fiber or bristle bundle comprises about 115 fibers or bristles, the result is a fiber or bristle density of 180 fibers or bristles per cm ²

Receiving surface.

The fibrous receiving surface is either evenly dressed, i. the individual fibers or bristles are set to exactly the same height or cut to height, or at least partially by fanning the individual Faserbzw. Bristle bundles conditionally formed surface-structured. Each bundle of fibers or bristles defines a mushroom-like surface. Between adjacent mushroom-like surfaces, in each case dell-like depressions form. This creates an approximately uniformly structured on all sides

Recording surface, which increases the flush volume below the molding and thus reduces the drying time accordingly, without causing marks on the corresponding support surface of the molding. It should be noted that the receiving surface is not dressed when using so-called "Mexicofibres." When using PA or PE fibers, dressing or cutting at height is quite appropriate.

For drying particularly soft dry material is at a preferred

Embodiment over the brush-like receiving surface an air-permeable membrane, in particular arranged in the form of a textile or fibrous layer. The textile layer can be defined by a textile cloth. Since the textile layer is compressed during drying / shrinkage and thus almost none

Deformation generated, it provides in conjunction with the underlying brush layer ideal storage especially for which moldings safely. The alternative fiber layer may be about 2 mm to 5 mm thick. It is preferably a so-called "random fiber layer" made of PE or PA

Its own elasticity and is also sufficiently permeable to air, so as not to hinder the shrinkage process when drying a dry product or molding. The aforementioned membrane has the primary purpose of preventing imprints on the footprint of the molding. The already mentioned support plate is preferably made of metal, wood or

Plastic, or a composite of metal, Holl and / or plastic produced. Particularly advantageous is a so-called Alucobond plate

exposed. It is a multi-layer aluminum composite panel, which is characterized by a particularly high rigidity, it is

accordingly also suitable for heavier moldings,

In order to additionally accelerate the drying process, the Trigerplatte can at least partially between the receiving openings for the fiber or

Bristle bundles have air passage openings, in the form of holes or slots.

In a manner known per se, it is also conceivable to move the dry material, in particular the at least one dry material intake, through different drying zones during the drying process. The conveying path is usually linear, looped or meandering.

Depending on the size of the molded article to be dried may be

Dry material receptacle for receiving one or more dry goods, or serve two or more dry material receptacles for receiving a larger dry matter.

As already mentioned, it is preferably ceramic dry material, i. the dry material consists of ceramic moldings, in particular

Moldings for sanitary articles, such as toilet bowls, kitchen sinks,

Sink or the like ..

But there are also applications, e.g. useful from the technical ceramics, in which the dry material has a large length in relation to the cross section. This large length is critical due to the high shrinkage paths taking place there, as adhering of the moldings to the dry storage for

Deformation and thus often leads to cracks. Finally, part of the present invention is also the use of a brush-like receiving surface or a brush carpet defining this with the above and below general and also specifically described Characteristics for storing dry material or a molded article in and outside a drying device.

Embodiments of a dry material receptacle formed according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing, which shows in FIG

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a dry material receiving on the one

WC molding is positioned, in perspective view;

Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of FIG. 1 in plan view and in reduced

Scale;

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement according to Figures 1, 2 in front view and

reduced scale;

Fig. 4 shows the detail "A" in Fig. 3, partly in section and in enlarged

Scale; and FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a dry material receptacle for

Dry material having a great length relative to the cross section, e.g. for tube-like dry material, in front view.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, a raw and still moist molded article 10 of a wall WC is placed on a dry material receptacle 11, this dry material receptacle comprising a relatively rigid support plate 12, on whose side facing the molded article 10 a brush carpet 13 is formed , This brush carpet 13 defines a brush-like

Receiving surface 14 for the molding 10th

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the brush carpet 13 is formed by a multiplicity of fiber or bristle bundles 15 arranged at a predetermined distance from one another. As bristles are - as mentioned - preferably natural bristles, in particular "pig bristles" used. On the support plate 12 is for fixing the bristle bundles 15 is a matrix of

Receiving openings, in particular blind hole-like receiving bores for each bundle of bristles 15 is formed. The diameter of the

Mounting bores is in the range of 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm, in particular in the range of about 3.5 mm, wherein the center distance between adjacent mounting holes in the range of 6 mm to 12 mm, in particular in the range of about 8 mm. The center distance increases proportionally with the

Bore diameter from or to, so that always a predetermined fiber or, bristle density on the brush-like receiving surface 14 is obtained. The bristle density depends - as mentioned - both on the density of the

Bristle bundles on the one hand and the number of bristles per bristle bundles on the other hand from.

The free bristle length is in the range of about 8 mm to 15 mm, in particular in the range of about 12 mm. The bristle length then determines the distance between the footprint of the molding 10 and the support plate 12 and thus also the so-called "flushing" below the footprint of the

Moldings 10, Depending on the mass to be dried, a predetermined load is determined. This is dependent on the diameter, the free length and the settling density of the fibers or bristles of the brush carpet. For a weight of the molded article 10 in the order of about 30 kg, a standard load of 1 N / cm ^{2 has} proven to be advantageous. With such a surface load can be safely avoid prints on the footprint of the molding 10.

If particularly soft dry material is to be dried, an air-permeable membrane, in particular in the form of a textile cloth, is preferably arranged above the brush-like receiving surface 14.

The carrier plate 12 consists of a composite of aluminum and plastic. A carrier plate produced in this way is sufficiently stiff and yet not too heavy. The support plate can at least partially between the receiving openings for the bristle bundles air passage openings in the form of holes or Slots to accelerate in this way the drying process in the footprint of the molding.

As can still be seen from FIGS. 1 to 4, the support plate 12 projects laterally beyond the brush carpet 13 on two opposite cattle. These projecting edges 16 each have holes 17 in the

Captive elements of the drying device can intervene to the

Dry material 11 to move through different drying zones.

In Fig. 5 is a front view of a cross-section formed dry material receptacle 11, which define two approximately perpendicular to each other brush-like support surfaces 14. The molding 10 is an elongated hollow box profile

Ceramic material. At this profile, the dry material intake 11 is adjusted. For round tubes, the support surface 14 would be correspondingly circular segment-shaped. In this respect, there are no design limits. Regarding the education of

Brushed carpet 13 is referred to the description of the first embodiments. It should only be noted that it is particularly easy to place additional ventilation openings in the area of the lower tip of the drying material receptacle 11, which is rectangular in cross-section.

It should also be noted that the tips or free ends of the fibers or bristles may be rounded or even flattened to safely avoid marks on the footprint of the blank 10. The flattening is then preferably approximately perpendicular to the bristle longitudinal axis.

Reference numerals:

10 molding

11 dry material intake

12 carrier plate

13 brush carpet

14 brush-like receiving surface

15 bundles of bristles

16 projecting edge of the support plate

17 holes

Claims

Drying device for ceramic dry goods claims

1. drying device for dry material, in particular ceramic dry material, with at least one dry material receptacle (11),

characterized in that

the dry material receptacle (11) comprises a brush-like receiving surface (14) for the dry material (molded article 10).

2. Drying device according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the brush-like receiving surface (14) is defined by a brush carpet (13) formed on a base, in particular triplate (12).

3. Drying device according to claim 2,

characterized in that

the brush carpet (13) is formed by a multiplicity of fiber bundles or bristle bundles (15) arranged at a predetermined distance from one another,

4. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized in that

the brush-like receiving surface (14) by PE or PA fibers, but especially natural fibers such as "pig bristles" or so-called.

"Mexicofibres" is formed.

5. Drying device according to one of claims 2 to 4,

characterized in that

on the carrier plate (12) a matrix of receiving openings,

in particular receiving bores for each fiber or

Bristle bundle (15) is formed,

6. Drying device according to claim 5,

characterized in that

the diameter of the receiving openings or bores in the range of 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm, in particular in the range of about 3.5 mm, wherein the center distance between adjacent receiving openings or

-bores in the range of 6 mm to 12 mm, in particular in the range of about 8 mm to 12, and provided that the center distance increases or decreases proportionally with the bore diameter, so that always a predetermined fiber or bristle density is obtained on the brush-like receiving surface (14).

7. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 6,

characterized in that

the free fiber or bristle length or the length of the fibers or bristles projecting freely beyond the support plate lies in the range from 8 mm to 15 mm, in particular in the range from approximately 12 mm.

8. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 7,

characterized in that

Diameter, length and density of the fibers or bristles are dimensioned such that the surface load of the brush-like receiving surface (14) between 0.5 N / cm ² and 1.5 N / cm ² , in particular between 0.9 N / cm ² and 1, 1 N / cm ² .

9. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 8,

characterized in that

for drying particularly soft dry matter above the brush-like receiving surface (14) an air-permeable membrane, in particular in the form of a textile or fibrous layer is arranged.

10. Drying device according to one of claims 2 to 9,

characterized in that

the support plate (12) is made of metal, wood or plastic, or of a composite of metal, wood and / or plastic.

11. Drying device according to one of claims 2 to 10,

characterized in that

the carrier plate (12) at least partially between the

Receiving openings for the fiber or bristle bundles (15)

Having air passage openings.

12. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 11,

characterized in that

the dry material (molding 10), in particular the at least one

Dry material receptacle (11) is movable during the drying process.

13. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 12,

characterized in that

a dry material receptacle (11) for receiving one or more

Dry goods (molding 10), or two or more dry material receptacles (11) for receiving a larger dry good (molding 10) serves or serve.

14. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 13,

characterized in that

the dry material of ceramic moldings, in particular moldings for sanitary ware, such as toilet bowls, kitchen sink, sink, od. Like. There.

15. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 14,

characterized in that

the fibers defining the brush-like receiving surface (14) or

Bristles each having a diameter of 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm,

in particular from 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm, preferably from about 0.30 mm.

16. Drying device according to one of claims 3 to 15,

characterized in that

each fiber or bristle bundle (15) comprises at least about 100 fibers or bristles, in particular between about 110 to 130 fibers or bristles.

17. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 16,

characterized in that

the brush-like receiving surface (14) is formed by about 160 to 220 fibers or bristles per cm ² , in particular about 200 fibers or bristles per cm ² .

18. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 17,

characterized in that

the fibrous receiving surface (14) either just trained, or at least partially by fanning the individual fiber or

Bristle bundle (15) conditionally formed according surface-structured.

19. Drying device according to one of claims 1 to 18,

characterized in that

the fibers or bristles used to form the brush-like receiving surface (14) have a bending stiffness of

static

about 0.12 to 0.45 mN mm ² / tex ²

and

dynamic _.

about 0.25 to 0.70 mN mm ² / tex ²

exhibit.

20. Dry material receptacle (11) for a drying device according to one of claims 1 to 19,

marked by

a brush-like receiving surface (14), in particular in the form of a

Support plate (12) with a on the dry material (molding 10) side facing brush carpet (13).

21. Use of a brush-like receiving surface (14) or a brush carpet (13) defining the same having the features according to one or more of claims 1 to 19 for depositing dry material (molded article 10) in and outside a drying device.