WO2015005136A1 - Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015005136A1
WO2015005136A1 PCT/JP2014/067120 JP2014067120W WO2015005136A1 WO 2015005136 A1 WO2015005136 A1 WO 2015005136A1 JP 2014067120 W JP2014067120 W JP 2014067120W WO 2015005136 A1 WO2015005136 A1 WO 2015005136A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
unit
color difference
encoding
image data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/067120
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佐藤　数史
Original Assignee
ソニー株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ソニー株式会社 filed Critical ソニー株式会社
Publication of WO2015005136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015005136A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/33—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability in the spatial domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/186—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/96—Tree coding, e.g. quad-tree coding

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an image encoding apparatus and method, and an image decoding apparatus and method, and in particular, an image encoding apparatus and method capable of suppressing reduction in image quality due to encoding or decoding, and an image decoding apparatus. And methods.
  • ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
  • ISO / IEC International Organization for Standardization
  • AVC Advanced Video Coding
  • JCTVC Joint Collaboration Team-Video Coding
  • Non-Patent Document 1 a joint standardization organization of International Electrotechnical Commission
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of such a situation, and is intended to suppress a reduction in image quality due to encoding or decoding.
  • One aspect of the present technology provides a generation unit that generates a plurality of color difference phase information related to the phase of a color difference signal of image data including a plurality of layers, a coding unit that encodes each layer of the image data, and the generation unit. And a transmission unit that transmits a plurality of the color difference phase information and the encoded data of the image data generated by the encoding unit.
  • the generation unit further generates index information indicating which of the plurality of color difference phase information to apply to each picture, and the transmission unit further transmits the index information. Can do.
  • the transmission unit can transmit a plurality of the color difference phase information and the index information in a sequence parameter set (SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)).
  • SPS Sequence Parameter Set
  • the generation unit may further generate information indicating the number of the color difference phase information, and the transmission unit may further transmit information indicating the number of the color difference phase information generated by the generation unit.
  • the generation unit When the image data is an interlaced image, and the encoding unit field encodes the image data, the generation unit generates the color difference phase information for each of a top field and a bottom field, and the transmission unit Can transmit the color difference phase information of both fields generated by the generation unit.
  • the generation unit further includes control information for performing control so that up-sampling of the image data is performed on a field basis.
  • the transmission unit may further transmit the control information generated by the generation unit.
  • a color difference phase setting unit that sets the phase of the color difference signal of the image data is further provided, and the generation unit can generate color difference phase information indicating the phase of the color difference signal set by the color difference phase setting unit.
  • An upsampling control unit that controls upsampling of the image data so as to apply the phase of the chrominance signal set by the chrominance phase setting unit, and a base layer of the image data according to control of the upsampling control unit
  • An upsampling unit for upsampling can be further provided.
  • a downsampling control unit that controls downsampling of the image data so as to apply the phase of the chrominance signal set by the chrominance phase setting unit, and an enhancement layer of the image data according to control of the downsampling control unit
  • a downsampling unit for downsampling can be further provided.
  • One aspect of the present technology also generates a plurality of color difference phase information related to the phase of the color difference signal of the image data composed of a plurality of layers, encodes each layer of the image data, and a plurality of the generated color difference phase information, It is an image encoding method for transmitting the generated encoded data of the image data.
  • Another aspect of the present technology is an acquisition unit that acquires encoded data of image data including a plurality of layers, and a plurality of color difference phase information related to a phase of a color difference signal of the image data, and a plurality of acquired by the acquisition unit
  • An upsampling control unit that controls upsampling of decoded image data of the encoded data so as to apply the phase of the chrominance signal indicated by any of the chrominance phase information, and according to the control of the upsampling control unit,
  • An upsampling unit that upsamples the base layer of the decoded image data, and the upsampling image data obtained by upsampling the base layer of the decoded image data by the upsampling unit.
  • a decoding unit that decodes the enhancement layer of the encoded data. It is a device.
  • the acquisition unit further acquires index information indicating which of the plurality of color difference phase information to apply to each picture, and the upsampling control unit uses the index information.
  • the color difference phase information to be applied can be designated.
  • the acquisition unit can acquire the chrominance phase information for each picture transmitted in a picture parameter set (PPS (Picture Parameter Set)).
  • PPS Picture Parameter Set
  • the acquisition unit further acquires information indicating the number of the color difference phase information, and the color difference phase information acquired by the acquisition unit based on the information indicating the number of the color difference phase information acquired by the acquisition unit
  • the color difference phase information number determination unit for determining the number of the color difference phase information may be further provided.
  • the acquisition unit further acquires control information for performing control so that upsampling of the image data is performed on a field basis, and the upsampling control unit is configured to acquire the decoded image data according to the control information acquired by the acquisition unit. Can control upsampling.
  • Another aspect of the present technology also obtains encoded data of image data including a plurality of layers and a plurality of color difference phase information related to a phase of a color difference signal of the image data, and the obtained plurality of the color difference phase information.
  • a base layer encoding unit that encodes a base layer of image data and generates encoded data, and the code obtained by encoding the image data by the base layer encoding unit
  • An up-sample image of the decoded image data is generated by performing an up-sample of each frame of the decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data by a method corresponding to a method of a frame rate conversion process performed on the image data.
  • An image encoding device comprising: an upsampling unit; and an enhancement layer encoding unit that generates an encoded data by encoding an enhancement layer of the image data using the upsampled image generated by the upsampling unit. is there.
  • each of the decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data obtained by encoding a base layer of the image data, generating encoded data, and encoding the image data is provided.
  • the frame up-sampling is performed by a method according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data, the up-sampled image of the decoded image data is generated, and the generated up-sampled image is used.
  • a base layer decoding unit that decodes encoded data obtained by encoding a base layer of image data, and a base obtained by decoding the decoded data by the base layer decoding unit.
  • An upsampling unit that performs upsampling of each frame of the decoded image data of the layer by a method according to a scanning method frame rate conversion method performed on the image data, and generates an upsampled image of the decoded image data;
  • An image decoding apparatus comprising: an enhancement layer decoding unit that decodes encoded data in which an enhancement layer of the image data is encoded using the upsampled image generated by the upsampling unit.
  • the encoded data obtained by encoding the base layer of the image data is decoded, and each frame of the decoded image data of the base layer obtained by decoding the decoded data is uploaded.
  • the sample is performed by a method according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data, an upsample image of the decoded image data is generated, and the image is generated using the generated upsample image.
  • This is an image decoding method for decoding encoded data obtained by encoding an enhancement layer of data.
  • a plurality of color difference phase information related to the phase of the color difference signal of the image data including a plurality of layers is generated, each layer of the image data is encoded, and the generated plurality of color difference phase information is generated.
  • the encoded data of the image data is transmitted.
  • encoded data of image data including a plurality of layers and a plurality of color difference phase information regarding the phase of a color difference signal of the image data are acquired, and any one of the acquired plurality of color difference phase information
  • the up-sampling of the decoded image data of the encoded data is controlled so as to apply the phase of the chrominance signal indicated by, the base layer of the decoded image data is up-sampled according to the control, and the base layer of the decoded image data is up-sampled
  • the enhancement layer of the acquired encoded data is decoded using the upsampled image data obtained in this way.
  • the base layer of the image data is encoded, the encoded data is generated, and each frame of the decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data is obtained by encoding the image data.
  • Up-sampling is performed by a method corresponding to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data, an up-sample image of the decoded image data is generated, and the generated up-sample image is used to generate the image data.
  • the enhancement layer is encoded to generate encoded data.
  • the encoded data obtained by encoding the base layer of the image data is decoded, and the up-sample of each frame of the decoded image data of the base layer obtained by decoding the decoded data is performed. This is performed by a method according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data, an upsampled image of the decoded image data is generated, and an enhancement layer of the image data is generated using the generated upsampled image.
  • the encoded data that has been encoded is decoded.
  • an image can be encoded / decoded.
  • reduction in image quality due to encoding or decoding can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a computer. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a schematic structure of a television apparatus.
  • MPEG2 (ISO / IEC 13818-2) is defined as a general-purpose image encoding system, and is a standard that covers both interlaced scanning images and progressive scanning images, as well as standard resolution images and high-definition images.
  • MPEG2 is currently widely used in a wide range of applications for professional and consumer applications.
  • a code amount (bit rate) of 4 to 8 Mbps can be assigned to an interlaced scanned image having a standard resolution having 720 ⁇ 480 pixels.
  • a code amount (bit rate) of 18 to 22 Mbps can be allocated. As a result, a high compression rate and good image quality can be realized.
  • MPEG2 was mainly intended for high-quality encoding suitable for broadcasting, but it did not support encoding methods with a lower code amount (bit rate) than MPEG1, that is, a higher compression rate. With the widespread use of mobile terminals, the need for such an encoding system is expected to increase in the future, and the MPEG4 encoding system has been standardized accordingly. Regarding the image coding system, the standard was approved as an international standard in December 1998 as ISO / IEC 14496-2.
  • H.26L International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
  • Q6 / 16 VCEG Video Coding Expert Group
  • H.26L is known to achieve higher encoding efficiency than the conventional encoding schemes such as MPEG2 and MPEG4, although a large amount of calculation is required for encoding and decoding.
  • Joint ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Model of Enhanced-Compression Video Coding has been implemented based on this H.26L and incorporating functions not supported by H.26L to achieve higher coding efficiency. It was broken.
  • AVC Advanced Video Coding
  • JCTVC Joint Collaboration Team-Video Coding
  • ISO / IEC International Organization for Standardization // International Electrotechnical Commission
  • HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
  • ⁇ Coding unit> In the AVC (Advanced Video Coding) method, a hierarchical structure is defined by macroblocks and sub-macroblocks. However, a macro block of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels is not optimal for a large image frame such as UHD (Ultra High Definition: 4000 pixels ⁇ 2000 pixels), which is a target of the next generation encoding method.
  • UHD Ultra High Definition: 4000 pixels ⁇ 2000 pixels
  • a coding unit (Coding Unit)) is defined.
  • CU is also called Coding Tree Block (CTB) and is a partial area of a picture unit image that plays the same role as a macroblock in the AVC method.
  • CTB Coding Tree Block
  • the latter is fixed to a size of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, whereas the size of the former is not fixed, and is specified in the image compression information in each sequence.
  • the maximum size (LCU (Largest Coding Unit)) and the minimum size (SCU (Smallest Coding Unit)) are specified.
  • the LCU size is 128 and the maximum hierarchical depth is 5.
  • split_flag is “1”
  • the 2Nx2N CU is divided into NxN CUs that are one level below.
  • the CU is divided into prediction units (Prediction Units (PU)) that are regions (partial regions of images in units of pictures) that are processing units of intra or inter prediction, and are regions that are processing units of orthogonal transformation It is divided into transform units (Transform Unit (TU)), which is (a partial area of an image in units of pictures).
  • Prediction Units PU
  • transform Unit Transform Unit
  • a macro block in the AVC method corresponds to an LCU
  • a block (sub block) corresponds to a CU. Then you can think.
  • a motion compensation block in the AVC method can be considered to correspond to a PU.
  • the size of the LCU of the highest hierarchy is generally set larger than the macro block of the AVC method, for example, 128 ⁇ 128 pixels.
  • the LCU also includes a macro block in the AVC method
  • the CU also includes a block (sub-block) in the AVC method.
  • “block” used in the following description indicates an arbitrary partial area in the picture, and its size, shape, characteristics, and the like are not limited. That is, the “block” includes an arbitrary area (processing unit) such as a TU, PU, SCU, CU, LCU, sub-block, macroblock, or slice. Of course, other partial areas (processing units) are also included. When it is necessary to limit the size, processing unit, etc., it will be described as appropriate.
  • CTU Coding Tree Unit
  • CTB Coding Tree Block
  • CU Coding ⁇ Unit
  • CB Coding ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Block
  • JM Job Model
  • JM JM
  • High Complexity Mode Low Complexity Mode.
  • a cost function value for each prediction mode Mode is calculated, and a prediction mode that minimizes the cost function value is selected as the optimum mode for the block or macroblock.
  • ⁇ is the difference energy between the decoded image and the input image when the entire set D of candidate modes for encoding the block or macroblock is encoded in the prediction mode.
  • ⁇ is a Lagrange undetermined multiplier given as a function of the quantization parameter.
  • R is the total code amount when encoding is performed in this mode, including orthogonal transform coefficients.
  • D is the difference energy between the predicted image and the input image, unlike the case of High Complexity Mode.
  • QP2Quant QP
  • HeaderBit is a code amount related to information belonging to Header, such as a motion vector and mode, which does not include an orthogonal transform coefficient.
  • Scalable encoding is a scheme in which an image is divided into a plurality of layers (hierarchical) and encoded for each layer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical image encoding scheme.
  • the hierarchized image includes images of a plurality of hierarchies (layers) having different predetermined parameter values.
  • the multiple layers of this hierarchical image use the base layer (base layer) that encodes and decodes using only the image of its own layer without using the image of the other layer, and the image of the other layer.
  • a non-base layer also referred to as an enhancement layer
  • an image of the base layer may be used, or an image of another non-base layer may be used.
  • the non-base layer is composed of difference image data (difference data) between its own image and an image of another layer so that redundancy is reduced.
  • difference image data difference data
  • an image with lower quality than the original image can be obtained using only the base layer data.
  • an original image that is, a high-quality image
  • parameters having a scalability function are arbitrary.
  • the spatial resolution as shown in FIG. 3 may be used as the parameter (spatial scalability).
  • the resolution of the image is different for each layer. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the enhancement is such that each picture is synthesized with the base layer having a spatially lower resolution than the original image and the base layer image to obtain the original image (original spatial resolution). Layered into two layers.
  • this number of hierarchies is an example, and the number of hierarchies can be hierarchized.
  • a temporal resolution as shown in FIG. 4 may be applied (temporal scalability).
  • the frame rate is different for each layer. That is, in this case, as shown in FIG. 4, layers are layered at different frame rates, and by adding a high frame rate layer to a low frame rate layer, a higher frame rate moving image is obtained. By adding all the layers, the original moving image (original frame rate) can be obtained.
  • This number of hierarchies is an example, and can be hierarchized to an arbitrary number of hierarchies.
  • a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR (Signal-to-Noise-ratio)) as shown in FIG. 5 may be applied as a parameter for providing such scalability (SNR-scalability).
  • SNR-scalability the SNR scalability
  • the SN ratio is different for each layer. That is, in this case, as shown in FIG. 5, each picture is combined with a base layer having an SNR lower than that of the original image and an enhancement layer in which the original image (original SNR) is obtained by combining with the base layer image. Are divided into two layers.
  • the base layer image compression information information related to the low PSNR image is transmitted, and the enhancement layer (enhancement layer) image compression information is added to this to reconstruct a high PSNR image. It is possible.
  • this number of hierarchies is an example, and the number of hierarchies can be hierarchized.
  • the parameters for providing scalability may be other than the examples described above.
  • the base layer (base layer) consists of 8-bit (bit) images, and by adding an enhancement layer (enhancement layer) to this, the bit depth scalability (bit-depth ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ scalability) that can obtain a 10-bit (bit) image is is there.
  • base layer (base ⁇ ⁇ layer) consists of component images in 4: 2: 0 format, and by adding the enhancement layer (enhancement layer) to this, chroma scalability (chroma) scalability).
  • ⁇ Phase of color difference signal in scalable encoding / decoding> in the case of scalable encoding / decoding, a base layer image (decoded image obtained in base layer encoding / decoding). For example, it can be used as a reference image. In this case, for example, in the case of spatial scalability, there is a method of up-sampling the base layer image to match the enhancement layer resolution.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 proposed a method for transmitting the phase of the color difference signal in the enhancement layer image compression information to be output.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 proposes a syntax as shown in FIG. 7 in order to support various phases of color difference signals as shown in FIG.
  • sampling_grid_information including information such as horizontal_phase_offset16, vertical_phase_offset16, chroma_phase_x_flag, chroma_phase_y, etc., as shown in FIG. 7B, is shown in FIG.
  • SPS Sequence Parameter Set
  • the up-sampling process is performed by applying the phase of the color difference signal indicated in the information regarding the phase of the color difference signal to be transmitted in this way.
  • the up-sampling process is performed by applying the phase of the color difference signal indicated in the information regarding the phase of the color difference signal transmitted in this way.
  • the phase of the color difference signal in the interlaced image whose scanning method is interlaced is as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
  • squares indicate luminance signals and circles indicate color difference signals.
  • the phase of the color difference signal of the interlaced image is as in the example shown in A of FIG.
  • the phase of the color difference signal of the interlaced image is as shown in the example shown in B of FIG. 8 or C of FIG.
  • FIG. 8B shows an example of the phase of the color difference signal in the top field
  • FIG. 8C shows an example of the phase of the color difference signal in the bottom field.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 only frame-based upsampling processing can be specified.
  • color difference phase information for top field and color difference phase information for bottom field are To be transmitted.
  • the top field color difference phase information is applied and the bottom field is processed.
  • the color difference phase information for the bottom field is applied.
  • phase of the color difference signal can be more accurately reflected in the upsampling process performed in the field-based encoding / decoding, and a more accurate upsampled image can be obtained. Therefore, reduction in image quality due to encoding and decoding can be suppressed.
  • information indicating which color difference phase information is applied to each picture may be transmitted together with a plurality of color difference phase information.
  • an index may be assigned to each color difference phase information, and which color difference phase information is applied to each picture may be designated by the index.
  • the index information specifying the index assigned to the color difference phase information of the top field picture is transmitted to the field picture of the top field, and the color difference phase information of the bottom field picture is transmitted to the field picture of the bottom field.
  • Index information for designating an index assigned to the ID may be transmitted. By doing so, it is possible to easily indicate which color difference phase information is applied to each picture with an index having a small amount of data. Therefore, an increase in code amount can be suppressed.
  • a plurality of color difference phase information and index information indicating an index of color difference phase information to be applied for each picture may be transmitted.
  • a plurality of color difference phase information is transmitted in a sequence parameter set (SPS), and index information indicating an index of color difference phase information applied to the picture is transmitted in each picture parameter set (PPS). Also good. By doing in this way, the increase in code amount can be suppressed.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • information indicating the number of pieces of color difference phase information to be transmitted may be transmitted.
  • control information for controlling the upsampling of image data to be performed on a field basis may be transmitted.
  • control information for controlling the upsampling process to be performed on a field basis instead of a frame basis may be transmitted.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of syntax related to the phase of such a color difference signal.
  • sampling_glid_information () is transmitted in a sequence parameter set (SPS) (for example, sps_extension ()).
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • sampling_glid_information includes the following information.
  • num_phase_offset Information indicating the number of color difference phase information.
  • field_base_upsampling_flag Control information that controls to perform upsampling on a field basis.
  • horizontal_phase_offset16 Information indicating the horizontal offset of the phase.
  • vertical_phase_offset16 Information indicating the offset in the vertical direction of the phase.
  • chroma_phase_x_flag Information indicating whether or not to perform a phase shift in the horizontal direction of the color difference signal.
  • chroma_phase_y Information indicating whether or not to perform a phase shift in the vertical direction of the color difference signal.
  • phase_offset_idx Indicates an index assigned to color difference phase information.
  • horizontal_phase_offset16, vertical_phase_offset16, chroma_phase_x_flag, and chroma_phase_y are transmitted as color difference phase information.
  • a plurality of these pieces of information are transmitted, and an index (phase_offset_idx) is assigned to each piece of information.
  • phase_offset_idx (index information) is transmitted in a picture parameter set (PPS) (for example, pps_extension ()). That is, in each picture parameter set (PPS), an index of chrominance phase information applied to the picture is designated.
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • chrominance phase information applied to the picture may be transmitted.
  • chrominance phase information having a data amount larger than that of index information is transmitted for each picture, so that the code amount may increase as compared with the above example, but the sequence parameter set ( SPS) reference becomes unnecessary, and control related to upsampling can be facilitated.
  • the syntax shown in FIG. 7 may be transmitted in the picture parameter set (PPS), and the description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an image encoding device that is an aspect of an image processing device to which the present technology is applied.
  • An image encoding device 100 illustrated in FIG. 10 is a device that performs hierarchical image encoding (scalable encoding) with spatial scalability.
  • the image coding apparatus 100 includes a color difference phase control unit 101, a downsampling unit 102, a base layer image coding unit 103, an upsampling unit 104, an enhancement layer image coding unit 105, and a multiplexing Part 106.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 controls the phase setting in the down-sampling processing of the color difference signal by the down-sampling unit 102 and the phase setting in the up-sampling processing of the color difference signal by the up-sampling unit 104.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 obtains image information such as whether or not an interlaced image is obtained from a high-resolution enhancement layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and the phase of the color difference signal based on the image information or the like. Set.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 supplies the color difference phase control information, which is control information indicating the setting of the phase of the color difference signal, to the downsampling unit 102.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 also supplies the color difference phase control information to the upsampling unit 104.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 further generates transmission information (also referred to as color difference phase information) regarding the phase of the set color difference signal, and a sequence parameter set (SPS) or picture parameter set (PPS) including the color difference phase information. Etc. header information is generated.
  • the chrominance phase control unit 101 supplies the generated header information to the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105, and transmits it to the decoding side as an enhancement layer bit stream (enhancement layer image encoded stream).
  • the downsampling unit 102 downsamples the enhancement layer image and generates a base layer image having a lower resolution than the enhancement layer image.
  • the down-sampling unit 102 applies the setting of the phase of the color-difference signal indicated by the color-difference phase control information supplied from the color-difference phase control unit 101, that is, performs the down-sampling process of the color difference signal according to the control of the color difference phase control unit 101. Do. By doing so, the phase of the color difference signal of the base layer image can be made the same as that of the color difference signal of the enhancement layer image. That is, a more accurate base layer image can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phase shift or the like and suppress the reduction in image quality due to encoding.
  • the down-sample unit 102 supplies the generated base layer image to the base layer image encoding unit 103.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 encodes the base layer image supplied from the downsampling unit 102, and generates a base layer image encoded stream.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 supplies the generated base layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 106.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 also supplies a decoded image (also referred to as a base layer decoded image) generated in the encoding of the base layer image to the upsampling unit 104.
  • the upsampling unit 104 upsamples the low-resolution base layer decoded image supplied from the base layer image coding unit 103, and generates an upsampled image having the same resolution as the enhancement layer image.
  • the upsampling unit 104 applies the phase setting of the color difference signal indicated by the color difference phase control information supplied from the color difference phase control unit 101, that is, performs the upsampling process of the color difference signal according to the control of the color difference phase control unit 101. Do. By doing so, the phase of the color difference signal of the upsampled image can be made the same as that of the base layer decoded image (that is, the phase difference signal of the enhancement layer image can be made the same). That is, a more accurate upsampled image can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phase shift or the like and suppress the reduction in image quality due to encoding.
  • the upsample unit 104 supplies the generated upsample image to the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 encodes the enhancement layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and generates an enhancement layer image encoded stream.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 uses the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 104 as a reference image for prediction processing and the like.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 includes the header information supplied from the color difference phase control unit 101 in the enhancement layer image encoded stream.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 supplies the generated enhancement layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 106.
  • the multiplexing unit 106 multiplexes the base layer image encoded stream generated by the base layer image encoding unit 103 and the enhancement layer image encoded stream generated by the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 to generate a hierarchical image code Generate a stream.
  • the multiplexing unit 106 transmits the generated hierarchical image encoded stream to the decoding side.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the color difference phase control unit 101 of FIG.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 includes a scanning method determination unit 121, an encoding method setting unit 122, a color difference phase setting unit 123, a downsample color difference phase control unit 124, an upsample color difference phase control unit 125, A color difference phase information generation unit 126 and an enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 are included.
  • the scanning method determination unit 121 acquires image information of an enhancement layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and determines whether the scanning method of the enhancement layer image (that is, the input image to be encoded) is interlaced. To do.
  • the scanning method determination unit 121 sends the determination result, that is, information indicating the scanning method of the input image (information indicating whether the input image is an interlaced image) to the color difference phase setting unit 123 and the color difference phase information generation unit 126. Supply.
  • the encoding method setting unit 122 is, for example, an encoding method of encoding in the base layer image encoding unit 103 or the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 according to an instruction from the outside such as a user or a predetermined setting. Set.
  • the encoding method indicates field-based encoding / frame-based encoding. That is, the encoding scheme setting unit 122 sets whether to perform field-based encoding or frame-based encoding in the base layer image encoding unit 103 and the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105.
  • the encoding scheme setting unit 122 uses information indicating the set encoding scheme (that is, information indicating whether to perform field-based encoding or frame-based encoding) as a chrominance phase setting unit 123 and a chrominance phase information generation unit 126. To supply.
  • the chrominance phase setting unit 123 is based on information supplied from the scanning method determination unit 121 and the encoding method setting unit 122, that is, whether or not the enhancement layer image is an interlaced image.
  • the phase of the color difference signal is set depending on whether the encoding is performed by encoding or frame encoding.
  • the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the phase of the color difference signal for each field picture of the top field and the bottom field. That is, in this case, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets a plurality of phases of the color difference signal for a single sequence. For example, when the input image is an interlaced image and is frame-encoded, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the phase of the color difference signal for the frame picture. That is, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets one phase of the color difference signal for a single sequence.
  • the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the phase of the color difference signal for the frame picture. That is, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets one phase of the color difference signal for a single sequence.
  • the color difference phase setting unit 123 supplies information indicating the phase of the set color difference signal (color difference phase) to the downsample color difference phase control unit 124, the upsample color difference phase control unit 125, and the color difference phase information generation unit 126. For example, when the input image is an interlaced image and is frame-encoded, the color difference phase setting unit 123 instructs the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 to perform the downsample processing on the field basis, and The up-sampling color difference phase control unit 125 is instructed to perform the up-sampling process.
  • the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 generates color difference phase control information using the color difference phase supplied from the color difference phase setting unit 123, and supplies it to the downsample unit 102. That is, the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 controls the phase setting of the downsample processing of the color difference signal by the downsample unit 102.
  • the downsample chrominance phase control unit 124 sets a plurality of chrominance signals set for a single sequence in the downsampling processing of the topfield chrominance signal.
  • the phase of the color difference signal set for the top field is controlled to be applied, and the phase of the color difference signal set for the bottom field is applied in the down-sampling processing of the color difference signal of the bottom field.
  • the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 uses a single set for a single sequence in the downsample processing of the frame color difference signal. The control is performed so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal, that is, the phase of the color difference signal set for the frame picture.
  • the downsample chrominance phase control unit 124 uses a single sequence set for a single sequence in the downsample processing of the chrominance signal of the frame. Control is performed so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal, that is, the phase of the color difference signal set for the frame picture.
  • the down-sample color difference phase control unit 124 can control the down-sample processing so as to suppress the occurrence of a phase shift and obtain a more accurate base layer image.
  • the down-sample color difference phase control unit 124 may further control the down-sample unit 102 so that the down-sampling process is performed on a field basis. Good. By doing so, it is possible to perform down-sampling processing using pixel values at the same time, and to obtain a more accurate base layer image.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 125 generates chrominance phase control information using the chrominance phase supplied from the chrominance phase setting unit 123 and supplies it to the upsampling unit 104. That is, the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 controls the phase setting of the upsample process of the color difference signal by the upsample unit 104.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 125 performs a chrominance signal that is set in plural for a single sequence in the upsample processing of the chrominance signal in the top field.
  • the phase of the color difference signal set for the top field is controlled to be applied, and the phase of the color difference signal set for the bottom field is applied in the upsampling processing of the color difference signal of the bottom field.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 performs a single set for a single sequence in the upsample processing of the frame color difference signal. The control is performed so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal, that is, the phase of the color difference signal set for the frame picture.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 performs a single set for a single sequence in the upsample processing of the frame color difference signal. Control is performed so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal, that is, the phase of the color difference signal set for the frame picture.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 can control the upsample processing so as to suppress the occurrence of phase shift and the like and obtain a more accurate upsample image.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 may further control the upsampler unit 104 to perform the upsample process on a field basis. Good. By doing so, it is possible to perform up-sampling processing using pixel values at the same time, and it is possible to obtain a more accurate up-sampled image.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates color difference phase information for transmission using the color difference phase supplied from the color difference phase setting unit 123.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 is based on information supplied from the scanning method determination unit 121 and the encoding method setting unit 122, that is, whether or not the enhancement layer image is an interlaced image, whether each layer of the input image is a field. Color difference phase information is generated depending on whether encoding is performed by base encoding or frame encoding.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 generates chrominance phase information such as the syntax of the example of FIG. 9A as described in the first embodiment, for example.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 can also set horizontal_phase_offset16, vertical_phase_offset16, chroma_phase_x_flag, and chroma_phase_y as chrominance phase information.
  • the color difference phase information is not limited to these.
  • the chrominance phase information may not include some of these, the chrominance phase information may include information other than these, or the chrominance phase information may be configured only by information other than these. It may be.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 can also assign an index (phase_offset_idx) to these color difference phase information. For example, when the input image is an interlaced image and is field-encoded, the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 generates a plurality of chrominance phase information for one sequence (the chrominance phase information for the top field and the bottom field). Color difference phase information may be generated), and different indexes may be assigned to the color difference phase information for each field.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 when the input image is frame-encoded, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates one color difference phase information (color difference phase information for a frame picture) for one sequence, and the color difference phase information is included in the color difference phase information.
  • An index may be assigned to each other.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 may set the chrominance phase information to be applied to each picture using index information (phase_offset_idx) as in the example of FIG. 9B.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 generates information (num_phase_offset) indicating the number of chrominance phase information as in the syntax of the example of FIG. 9A described in the first embodiment, for example. Also good.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 performs upsampling as in the syntax of the example of FIG. 9A described in the first embodiment.
  • Control information (field_base_upsampling_flag) for controlling the processing to be performed on a field basis may be generated.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 supplies the color difference phase information generated as described above to the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 generates header information (sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.) including information supplied from the color difference phase information generation unit 126.
  • header information sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 generates a sequence parameter set (SPS) including the syntax sampling_glid_information () shown in A of FIG. Further, the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 generates, for example, a picture parameter set (PPS) including the syntax shown in B of FIG.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 supplies the generated header information to the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105, and transmits chrominance phase information and the like as an enhancement layer image encoded stream to the decoding side.
  • the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 suppresses the occurrence of phase shift and the like so that an accurate upsampled image can be obtained at the time of decoding. Can be. That is, it is possible to suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 has been described as generating header information as in the example of FIG. 9, but the present invention is not limited to this example.
  • color difference phase information applied to the picture may be stored in each picture parameter set (PPS). That is, the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 may generate a picture parameter set (PPS) including color difference phase information applied to the picture.
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the base layer image encoding unit 103 in FIG.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 includes a screen rearrangement buffer 131, a calculation unit 132, an orthogonal transformation unit 133, a quantization unit 134, a lossless encoding unit 135, a storage buffer 136, and an inverse quantization.
  • a unit 137 and an inverse orthogonal transform unit 138 is an inverse orthogonal transform unit 138.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 also includes a calculation unit 139, a loop filter 140, a frame memory 141, a selection unit 142, an intra prediction unit 143, an inter prediction unit 144, a predicted image selection unit 145, and a rate control unit 146. .
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 131 stores the input image data (base layer image information), and the frame images stored in the display order are encoded according to GOP (Group Of Picture). The images rearranged in order and the image in which the order of the frames is rearranged are supplied to the calculation unit 132. In addition, the screen rearrangement buffer 131 also supplies the image in which the frame order is rearranged to the intra prediction unit 143 and the inter prediction unit 144.
  • GOP Group Of Picture
  • the calculation unit 132 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 143 or the inter prediction unit 144 via the prediction image selection unit 145 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 131, and orthogonalizes the difference information.
  • the data is output to the conversion unit 133.
  • the calculation unit 132 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 143 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 131.
  • the calculation unit 132 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the inter prediction unit 144 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 131.
  • the orthogonal transform unit 133 performs orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform and Karhunen-Loeve transform on the difference information supplied from the computing unit 132.
  • the orthogonal transform unit 133 supplies the transform coefficient to the quantization unit 134.
  • the quantization unit 134 quantizes the transform coefficient supplied from the orthogonal transform unit 133.
  • the quantization unit 134 sets a quantization parameter based on the information regarding the target value of the code amount supplied from the rate control unit 146, and performs the quantization.
  • the quantization unit 134 supplies the quantized transform coefficient to the lossless encoding unit 135.
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 encodes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 134 using an arbitrary encoding method. Since the coefficient data is quantized under the control of the rate control unit 146, this code amount becomes the target value set by the rate control unit 146 (or approximates the target value).
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 acquires information indicating the mode of intra prediction from the intra prediction unit 143, and acquires information indicating the mode of inter prediction, differential motion vector information, and the like from the inter prediction unit 144. Further, the lossless encoding unit 135 appropriately generates a base layer NAL (Network Abstraction Layer) unit including a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), and the like.
  • NAL Network Abstraction Layer
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 encodes these various types of information using an arbitrary encoding method, and sets (multiplexes) the encoded information (also referred to as an encoded stream) as a part.
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 supplies the encoded data obtained by encoding to the accumulation buffer 136 for accumulation.
  • Examples of the encoding method of the lossless encoding unit 135 include variable length encoding or arithmetic encoding.
  • Examples of variable length coding include H.264.
  • CAVLC Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding
  • Examples of arithmetic coding include CABAC (Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding).
  • the accumulation buffer 136 temporarily holds the encoded stream (base layer image encoded stream) supplied from the lossless encoding unit 135.
  • the accumulation buffer 136 outputs the held base layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 106 (FIG. 10) at a predetermined timing. That is, the accumulation buffer 136 is also a transmission unit that transmits the base layer image encoded stream.
  • the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 134 is also supplied to the inverse quantization unit 137.
  • the inverse quantization unit 137 inversely quantizes the quantized transform coefficient by a method corresponding to the quantization by the quantization unit 134.
  • the inverse quantization unit 137 supplies the obtained transform coefficient to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 138.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 138 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient supplied from the inverse quantization unit 137 by a method corresponding to the orthogonal transform process by the orthogonal transform unit 133.
  • the inversely orthogonal transformed output (restored difference information) is supplied to the calculation unit 139.
  • the calculation unit 139 adds the prediction image from the intra prediction unit 143 or the inter prediction unit 144 to the restored difference information, which is the inverse orthogonal transformation result supplied from the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 138, via the prediction image selection unit 145. Addition is performed to obtain a locally decoded image (decoded image).
  • the decoded image is supplied to the loop filter 140 or the frame memory 141.
  • the loop filter 140 includes a deblock filter, an adaptive loop filter, and the like, and appropriately performs a filtering process on the reconstructed image supplied from the calculation unit 139.
  • the loop filter 140 removes block distortion of the reconstructed image by performing deblocking filter processing on the reconstructed image.
  • the loop filter 140 performs image quality improvement by performing loop filter processing using a Wiener filter on the deblock filter processing result (reconstructed image from which block distortion has been removed). I do.
  • the loop filter 140 supplies a filter processing result (hereinafter referred to as a decoded image) to the frame memory 141.
  • the loop filter 140 may further perform other arbitrary filter processing on the reconstructed image. Further, the loop filter 140 can supply information such as filter coefficients used for the filter processing to the lossless encoding unit 135 and encode it as necessary.
  • the frame memory 141 stores the supplied decoded image, and supplies the stored decoded image as a reference image to the selection unit 142 at a predetermined timing.
  • the frame memory 141 stores the reconstructed image supplied from the calculation unit 139 and the decoded image supplied from the loop filter 140, respectively.
  • the frame memory 141 supplies the stored reconstructed image to the intra prediction unit 143 via the selection unit 142 at a predetermined timing or based on a request from the outside such as the intra prediction unit 143.
  • the frame memory 141 supplies the stored decoded image to the inter prediction unit 144 via the selection unit 142 at a predetermined timing or based on a request from the outside such as the inter prediction unit 144. .
  • the selection unit 142 selects a reference image supply destination supplied from the frame memory 141.
  • the selection unit 142 supplies a reference image (a pixel value in the current picture or a base layer decoded image) supplied from the frame memory 141 to the intra prediction unit 143.
  • the selection unit 142 supplies a reference image (a decoded image or a base layer decoded image outside the current picture of the enhancement layer) supplied from the frame memory 141 to the inter prediction unit 144.
  • the intra prediction unit 143 performs a prediction process on a current picture that is an image of a processing target frame to generate a predicted image.
  • the intra prediction unit 143 performs this prediction processing for each predetermined block (using blocks as processing units). That is, the intra prediction unit 143 generates a predicted image of the current block that is the processing target of the current picture.
  • the intra prediction unit 143 performs prediction processing (intra-screen prediction (also referred to as intra prediction)) using a reconstructed image supplied as a reference image from the frame memory 141 via the selection unit 142. That is, the intra prediction unit 143 generates a prediction image using pixel values around the current block included in the reconstructed image.
  • the peripheral pixel value used for this intra prediction is the pixel value of the pixel processed in the past of the current picture.
  • a plurality of methods also referred to as intra prediction modes
  • the intra prediction unit 143 performs this intra prediction in the plurality of intra prediction modes prepared in advance.
  • the intra prediction unit 143 generates prediction images in all candidate intra prediction modes, evaluates the cost function value of each prediction image using the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 131, and selects the optimum mode. select. When the intra prediction unit 143 selects the optimal intra prediction mode, the intra prediction unit 143 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal mode to the predicted image selection unit 145.
  • the intra prediction unit 143 appropriately supplies the intra prediction mode information indicating the adopted intra prediction mode to the lossless encoding unit 135 to be encoded.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 performs prediction processing on the current picture and generates a predicted image.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 performs this prediction processing for each predetermined block (using blocks as processing units). That is, the inter prediction unit 144 generates a predicted image of the current block that is the processing target of the current picture.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 performs prediction processing using the image data of the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 131 and the image data of the decoded image supplied as a reference image from the frame memory 141.
  • This decoded image is an image of a frame processed before the current picture (another picture that is not the current picture). That is, the inter prediction unit 144 performs a prediction process (inter-screen prediction (also referred to as inter prediction)) that generates a predicted image using an image of another picture.
  • inter-screen prediction also referred to as inter prediction
  • This inter prediction consists of motion prediction and motion compensation. More specifically, the inter prediction unit 144 performs motion prediction on the current block using the input image and the reference image, and detects a motion vector. Then, the inter prediction unit 144 uses the reference image to perform motion compensation processing according to the detected motion vector, and generates a prediction image (inter prediction image information) of the current block.
  • a plurality of methods also referred to as inter prediction modes
  • inter prediction modes are prepared in advance as candidates for the inter prediction (that is, how to generate a predicted image). The inter prediction unit 144 performs such inter prediction in the plurality of inter prediction modes prepared in advance.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 generates a prediction image in all candidate inter prediction modes.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 evaluates the cost function value of each prediction image using the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 131, information on the generated difference motion vector, and the like, and selects an optimal mode. When the optimal inter prediction mode is selected, the inter prediction unit 144 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal mode to the predicted image selection unit 145.
  • the inter prediction unit 144 supplies information indicating the adopted inter prediction mode, information necessary for performing processing in the inter prediction mode, and the like to the lossless encoding unit 135 when decoding the encoded data, Encode.
  • the necessary information includes, for example, information on the generated differential motion vector, a flag indicating an index of the motion vector predictor as motion vector predictor information, and the like.
  • the predicted image selection unit 145 selects a supply source of the predicted image to be supplied to the calculation unit 132 or the calculation unit 139.
  • the predicted image selection unit 145 selects the intra prediction unit 143 as the supply source of the predicted image, and supplies the predicted image supplied from the intra prediction unit 143 to the calculation unit 132 and the calculation unit 139.
  • the predicted image selection unit 145 selects the inter prediction unit 144 as a supply source of the predicted image, and calculates the predicted image supplied from the inter prediction unit 144 as the calculation unit 132 or the calculation unit 139. To supply.
  • the rate control unit 146 controls the quantization operation rate of the quantization unit 134 based on the code amount of the encoded data stored in the storage buffer 136 so that overflow or underflow does not occur.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 103 performs encoding without referring to other layers. That is, the intra prediction unit 143 and the inter prediction unit 144 do not use decoded images of other layers as reference images.
  • the frame memory 141 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 104 so as to be used for enhancement layer encoding.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 13, the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 has basically the same configuration as the base layer image encoding unit 103 of FIG.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 includes a screen rearrangement buffer 151, a calculation unit 152, an orthogonal transformation unit 153, a quantization unit 154, a lossless encoding unit 155, a storage buffer 156, and an inverse buffer, as shown in FIG.
  • a quantization unit 157 and an inverse orthogonal transform unit 158 are included.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 includes a calculation unit 159, a loop filter 160, a frame memory 161, a selection unit 162, an intra prediction unit 163, an inter prediction unit 164, a predicted image selection unit 165, and a rate control unit 166. .
  • These screen rearrangement buffer 151 to rate control unit 166 correspond to the screen rearrangement buffer 131 to rate control unit 146 of FIG. 12, and perform the same processing as the corresponding processing unit, respectively.
  • each part of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 performs processing for encoding enhancement layer image information, not the base layer. Therefore, as the description of the processing of the screen rearrangement buffer 151 to the rate control unit 166, the above description of the screen rearrangement buffer 131 to the rate control unit 146 of FIG. 12 can be applied. Needs to be enhancement layer data, not base layer data. Further, it is necessary to read the data input source and output destination processing units by replacing them with corresponding processing units in the screen rearrangement buffer 151 through the rate control unit 166, as appropriate.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 performs encoding with reference to information on other layers (for example, a base layer).
  • the frame memory 161 stores the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 104.
  • the frame memory 161 supplies the base layer decoded image as a reference image to the intra prediction unit 163 or the inter prediction unit 164 via the selection unit 162 in the intra BL mode, the reference index mode, or the like.
  • the lossless encoding unit 155 obtains header information (sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.) including the color difference phase information supplied from the color difference phase control unit 101, and enhances it. It is included in the encoded image stream (header information thereof) and supplied to the accumulation buffer 156 (transmitted to the decoding side).
  • header information sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.
  • the image coding apparatus 100 is provided by generating the color difference phase control unit 101 that generates information related to the phase of the color difference signal in the upsampling and transmits the information to the decoding side. Can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • the color difference phase control unit 101 controls the phase setting of the color difference signal in the down-sampling process or the up-sampling process, so that the image encoding apparatus 100 performs the encoding. Reduction in image quality can be suppressed.
  • the enhancement layer image is input to the image encoding device 100 and the enhancement layer image is down-sampled to generate the base layer image.
  • a sample-processed base layer image and enhancement layer image may be input.
  • step S101 the color difference phase control unit 101 of the image encoding apparatus 100 performs settings relating to the phase (color difference phase) of the color difference signal for the downsampling process and the upsampling process.
  • step S102 the downsampling unit 102 applies the color difference phase set in step S101, downsamples an enhancement layer image having a higher resolution than the base layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and A base layer image having a resolution lower than that of the enhancement layer image is generated.
  • step S103 the base layer image encoding unit 103 encodes the base layer image data obtained by the processing in step S102.
  • step S104 the up-sampling unit 104 applies the color difference phase set in step S101, up-samples the base layer decoded image obtained by encoding the base layer image performed in step S103, and performs enhancement. An upsampled image having a resolution corresponding to the resolution of the layer image is obtained.
  • step S105 the color difference phase control unit 101 generates color difference phase information for transmission using the color difference phase set in step S101.
  • step S106 the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 encodes the enhancement layer image data.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 includes the header information including the color difference phase information generated in step S105 in the encoded stream.
  • step S107 the multiplexing unit 106 combines the base layer image encoded stream generated by the process of step S103 and the enhancement layer image encoded stream generated by the process of step S106 (that is, the bit stream of each layer). Are multiplexed to generate a single hierarchical image encoded stream.
  • the image encoding device 100 ends the image encoding process.
  • One picture is processed by such an image encoding process. Therefore, the image encoding device 100 repeatedly executes such image encoding processing for each picture of the moving image data that is hierarchized. However, it is not necessary to perform processing for all pictures, such as generation of a sequence parameter set, and processing that can be omitted may be omitted as appropriate.
  • the scanning method determination unit 121 (FIG. 11) of the color difference phase control unit 101 scans the input image (enhancement layer image) (whether it is an interlaced image) in step S111. Determine.
  • step S112 the encoding method setting unit 122 sets an encoding method (field encoding or frame encoding) for encoding each layer image.
  • step S113 the color difference phase setting unit 123 determines whether or not the input image is an interlaced image according to the determination result in step S111. If it is determined that the image is an interlaced image, the process proceeds to step S114.
  • step S114 the color difference phase setting unit 123 determines whether or not the encoding scheme set in step S112 is field encoding. If it is determined that the field encoding is performed, the process proceeds to step S115.
  • step S115 the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the color difference phase of each field (top field and bottom field). That is, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets a plurality of color difference phases for one sequence.
  • step S116 the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 controls the downsampling process so that the color difference phase set in step S115 is applied to each field. Further, the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 controls the upsampling process so that the color difference phase set in step S115 is applied to each field.
  • step S116 When the process of step S116 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S114 in FIG. 15 If it is determined in step S114 in FIG. 15 that the frame encoding is performed, the process proceeds to step S117.
  • step S117 the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the color difference phase of the frame. That is, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets a single color difference phase for one sequence.
  • step S118 the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 applies the color difference phase set in step S117, and controls the downsampling process so as to perform the downsampling process for each field. Further, the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 applies the color difference phase set in step S117, and controls the upsampling process so as to perform the upsampling process for each field.
  • step S118 When the process of step S118 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S113 in FIG. 15 If it is determined in step S113 in FIG. 15 that the input image is not an interlaced image (a progressive image), the process proceeds to step S119.
  • step S119 the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets the color difference phase of the frame. That is, the color difference phase setting unit 123 sets a single color difference phase for one sequence.
  • step S120 the downsample color difference phase control unit 124 applies the color difference phase set in step S119, and controls the downsampling process so as to perform the downsampling process for each frame. Further, the upsample color difference phase control unit 125 applies the color difference phase set in step S119 and controls the upsampling process so as to perform the upsampling process for each frame.
  • step S120 When the process of step S120 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 131 of the base layer image encoding unit 103 stores each frame (picture) of the moving image input in step S131, and the display order of each picture To the order of encoding.
  • step S132 the intra prediction unit 143 performs intra prediction processing in the intra prediction mode.
  • step S133 the inter prediction unit 144 performs inter prediction processing for performing motion prediction and motion compensation in the inter prediction mode.
  • step S134 the predicted image selection unit 145 selects a predicted image based on the cost function value or the like. That is, the predicted image selection unit 145 selects either the predicted image generated by the intra prediction in step S132 or the predicted image generated by the inter prediction in step S133.
  • step S135 the calculation unit 132 calculates the difference between the input image whose frame order is rearranged by the process of step S131 and the predicted image selected by the process of step S134. That is, the calculation unit 132 generates image data of a difference image between the input image and the predicted image.
  • the image data of the difference image obtained in this way is reduced in data amount compared to the original image data. Therefore, the data amount can be compressed as compared with the case where the image is encoded as it is.
  • step S136 the orthogonal transform unit 133 performs orthogonal transform on the image data of the difference image generated by the process in step S135.
  • step S137 the quantization unit 134 quantizes the orthogonal transform coefficient obtained by the processing in step S136, using the quantization parameter calculated by the rate control unit 146.
  • step S138 the inverse quantization unit 137 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient (also referred to as a quantization coefficient) generated by the process in step S137 with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the quantization unit 134.
  • the quantized coefficient also referred to as a quantization coefficient
  • step S139 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 138 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the orthogonal transform coefficient obtained by the process in step S138.
  • step S140 the calculation unit 139 generates image data of the reconstructed image by adding the predicted image selected in the process in step S134 to the difference image restored in the process in step S139.
  • step S141 the loop filter 140 performs a loop filter process on the image data of the reconstructed image generated by the process of step S140. Thereby, block distortion and the like of the reconstructed image are removed.
  • the frame memory 141 stores data such as a decoded image (base layer decoded image) obtained by the process of step S141 and a reconstructed image obtained by the process of step S140.
  • step S143 the lossless encoding unit 135 encodes the quantized coefficient obtained by the process in step S137. That is, lossless encoding such as variable length encoding or arithmetic encoding is performed on the data corresponding to the difference image.
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 encodes information regarding the prediction mode of the prediction image selected by the process of step S134, and adds the encoded information to the encoded data obtained by encoding the difference image. That is, the lossless encoding unit 135 also encodes the optimal intra prediction mode information supplied from the intra prediction unit 143 or the information according to the optimal inter prediction mode supplied from the inter prediction unit 144, and the like into encoded data. Append.
  • the lossless encoding unit 135 also sets syntax elements such as various null units, encodes them, and adds them to the encoded data.
  • step S144 the accumulation buffer 136 accumulates the encoded data (base layer image encoded stream) obtained by the process in step S143.
  • the base layer image encoded stream stored in the storage buffer 136 is appropriately read out, supplied to the multiplexing unit 106 (FIG. 10), multiplexed with the enhancement layer image encoded stream, and then transmitted to a transmission path or recording medium. Is transmitted to the decoding side.
  • step S145 the rate control unit 146 causes the quantization unit 134 to prevent overflow or underflow from occurring based on the code amount (generated code amount) of the encoded data accumulated in the accumulation buffer 136 by the processing in step S144. Controls the rate of quantization operation. Further, the rate control unit 146 supplies information regarding the quantization parameter to the quantization unit 134.
  • step S146 the frame memory 141 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 104.
  • step S146 When the process of step S146 is completed, the base layer encoding process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 (FIG. 11) of the color difference phase control unit 101 interlaces the input image according to the processing result of the color difference phase setting processing (FIG. 15) in step S151. It is determined whether it is an image. If it is determined that the image is an interlaced image, the process proceeds to step S152.
  • step S152 the color difference phase information generation unit 126 determines whether or not the encoding method is field encoding according to the processing result of the color difference phase setting process (FIG. 15). If it is determined that the field encoding is performed, the process proceeds to step S153.
  • step S153 the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 uses the chrominance phase of each field (top field and bottom field) set in step S115 (FIG. 15), and the chrominance phase of each field (top field and bottom field). Information is generated (for example, the syntax of FIG. 9). That is, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates a plurality of color difference phase information for one sequence. At this time, as in the example of FIG. 9, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 can also generate information indicating the number of color difference phase information.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 displays the color difference phase information of each field (top field and bottom field) generated in step S153, such as a sequence parameter set (SPS) and a picture parameter set (PPS). Including (when information indicating the number of color-difference phase information is generated, information indicating the number of color-difference phase information is also included) to generate enhancement layer header information.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • step S154 When the process of step S154 is completed, the process proceeds to step S158.
  • step S152 If it is determined in step S152 that the encoding method is frame encoding, the process proceeds to step S155.
  • step S155 the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates control information (sampling information) for performing control so that the upsampling process is performed on a field basis.
  • control information for performing control so that the upsampling process is performed on a field basis.
  • the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates field_base_upsampling_flag as shown in the example of FIG. 9A as the sampling information.
  • step S156 the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates the color difference phase information of the frame picture using the color difference phase of the frame picture set in step S117 (FIG. 15) (for example, the syntax of FIG. 9). That is, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 generates one color difference phase information for one sequence. At this time, as in the example of FIG. 9, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 can also generate information indicating the number of color difference phase information.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 includes the color difference phase information of the frame picture generated in step S156, such as a sequence parameter set (SPS) or a picture parameter set (PPS) (number of color difference phase information). If the information indicating the color difference phase information is also included), enhancement layer header information is generated.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • step S157 When the process of step S157 is completed, the process proceeds to step S158.
  • step S151 If it is determined in step S151 that the input image is not an interlaced image (a progressive image), the process proceeds to step S156. That is, in step S156, the chrominance phase information generation unit 126 generates chrominance phase information of the frame picture using the chrominance phase of the frame picture set in step S117 (FIG. 15). Also in this case, the color difference phase information generation unit 126 can also generate information indicating the number of color difference phase information.
  • the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 includes the color difference phase information of the frame picture generated in step S156 (when information indicating the number of color difference phase information is generated, the number of the color difference phase information is displayed. Header information of the enhancement layer is generated.
  • step S158 the enhancement layer header information generation unit 127 supplies the header information generated in step S154 or step S157 to the encoding process of the enhancement layer image, and transmits it.
  • step S158 When the process of step S158 is completed, the color difference phase information generation process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the frame memory 161 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 105 receives the base layer decoded image supplied from the base layer image encoding unit 103 in step S146 of FIG. 14 in step S161.
  • the upsampled image upsampled in step S104 of FIG. 14 is acquired.
  • step S162 the frame memory 161 stores the upsampled image acquired in step S161.
  • the frame memory 161 stores this upsampled image in the long term reference frame.
  • steps S163 to S174 correspond to the processes in steps S131 to S142 in FIG. 16 and are executed basically in the same manner as those processes. However, each process in FIG. 16 is performed on the base layer, whereas each process in FIG. 18 is performed on the enhancement layer.
  • step S175 the lossless encoding unit 155 acquires header information including color difference phase information supplied in step S158 of FIG.
  • step S176 to step S178 corresponds to each process of step S143 to step S145 of FIG. 16, and is executed basically in the same manner as those processes. However, each process in FIG. 16 is performed on the base layer, whereas each process in FIG. 18 is performed on the enhancement layer.
  • the lossless encoding unit 155 also includes the header information acquired in step S175 in the encoded stream. That is, the header information acquired in step S175 is also transmitted to the decoding side.
  • step S178 When the process of step S178 is finished, the enhancement layer encoding process is finished, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the image encoding device 100 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to encoding / decoding.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of an image decoding apparatus corresponding to the image encoding apparatus 100 in FIG. 10, which is an aspect of an image processing apparatus to which the present technology is applied.
  • the image decoding apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 19 decodes the encoded data generated by the image encoding apparatus 100 by a decoding method corresponding to the encoding method (that is, hierarchically encoded encoded data is hierarchically decoded). To do).
  • the image decoding apparatus 200 includes a demultiplexing unit 201, a color difference phase control unit 202, a base layer image decoding unit 203, an upsampling unit 204, and an enhancement layer image decoding unit 205.
  • the demultiplexing unit 201 receives a layered image encoded stream in which a base layer image encoded stream and an enhancement layer image encoded stream are multiplexed transmitted from the encoding side, demultiplexes them, An image encoded stream and an enhancement layer image encoded stream are extracted.
  • the color difference phase control unit 202 controls the phase setting in the upsampling processing of the color difference signal by the upsampling unit 204.
  • the color difference phase control unit 202 obtains header information such as a sequence parameter set (SPS) and a picture parameter set (PPS) of the enhancement layer image encoded stream supplied from the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205.
  • the color difference phase control unit 202 sets the phase of the color difference signal of the upsampling process by the upsampling unit 204 based on the color difference phase information included in the header information.
  • the color difference phase control unit 202 supplies color difference phase control information, which is control information indicating the setting of the phase of the color difference signal, to the upsampling unit 204.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 decodes the base layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 201 to obtain a base layer image (decoded image).
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 outputs the obtained base layer image to the outside of the image decoding device 200. Also, the base layer image decoding unit 203 supplies the base layer decoded image obtained in the decoding of the base layer to the upsampling unit 204.
  • the upsampling unit 204 upsamples the low resolution base layer decoded image supplied from the base layer image decoding unit 203, and generates an upsampled image having the same resolution as the enhancement layer image.
  • the upsampling unit 204 applies the setting of the phase of the color difference signal indicated by the color difference phase control information supplied from the color difference phase control unit 202, that is, performs upsampling processing of the color difference signal according to the control of the color difference phase control unit 202. Do. By doing so, the phase of the color difference signal of the upsampled image can be made the same as that of the base layer decoded image (that is, the phase difference signal of the enhancement layer image can be made the same). That is, a more accurate upsampled image can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phase shift or the like and suppress the reduction in image quality due to encoding.
  • the upsampling unit 204 supplies the generated upsampled image to the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 decodes the enhancement layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 201, and obtains an enhancement layer image (decoded image) having a resolution higher than that of the base layer image.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 outputs the obtained enhancement layer image to the outside of the image decoding device 200.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 extracts header information from the enhancement layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 201 and supplies it to the color difference phase control unit 202.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the color difference phase control unit 202 of FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 20, the color difference phase control unit 202 includes a color difference phase information number determination unit 221, a sampling method determination unit 222, and an upsample color difference phase control unit 223.
  • the chrominance phase information number determination unit 221 performs processing based on information indicating the number of chrominance phase information included in the header information supplied from the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 (num_phase_offset in the case of FIG. 9A). It is determined whether the color difference phase information set in the current sequence is singular or plural.
  • the color difference phase information number determination unit 221 supplies header information including the color difference phase information and control information indicating that a plurality of pieces of color difference phase information exist to the upsample color difference phase control unit 223. If it is determined that the color difference phase information is singular, the color difference phase information number determination unit 221 supplies header information including the color difference phase information and control information indicating that the color difference phase information is singular to the sampling method determination unit 222. .
  • the sampling method determination unit 222 is based on control information (field_base_upsampling_flag in the case of the example of FIG. 9A) that controls the upsampling included in the header information supplied from the color difference phase information number determination unit 221 to be performed on a field basis.
  • control information field_base_upsampling_flag in the case of the example of FIG. 9A
  • the sampling method of up-sampling processing (whether it is performed on a field basis or a frame basis) is determined.
  • the sampling method determination unit 222 includes header information including chrominance phase information, control information indicating that the chrominance phase information is singular, and upsampling sampling method (whether performed on a field basis or a frame basis).
  • the designated control information is supplied to the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 uses the header information and control information supplied from the chrominance phase information number determination unit 221 or the sampling method determination unit 222 to set the phase setting of the chrominance signal in the upsampling process of the upsampling unit 204.
  • Color difference phase control information to be controlled is generated and supplied to the up-sampling unit 204. That is, the upsample color difference phase control unit 223 controls the phase setting of the upsample processing of the color difference signal by the upsample unit 204.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 includes the top-field chrominance signal.
  • control is performed so that the setting for the top field is applied among the color difference phase information set for a single sequence.
  • Control to apply settings.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 performs single chrominance phase information set for a single sequence in the upsampling processing of the chrominance signal of a frame, that is, Upsampling to apply settings for frame picture Controlling the pole tip 204.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 223 controls the upsample unit 204 to perform the upsample process on a field basis.
  • the chrominance phase information is singular and the up-sampling process is specified to be performed on a frame basis by the control information specifying the sampling method, that is, the image of the encoded image data is interlaced.
  • the image is not an image (a progressive image) (in other words, when the base layer image decoding unit 203 or the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 performs frame decoding on encoded data obtained by frame-coding progressive image data)
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 performs upsampling so as to apply a single chrominance phase information set for a single sequence, that is, a setting for a frame picture, in an upsampling process of a frame chrominance signal.
  • the sample unit 204 is controlled.
  • the upsample color difference phase control unit 223 controls the upsample unit 204 so that the upsample processing is performed on a frame basis.
  • the upsample color-difference phase control unit 223 can control the upsample processing so as to suppress the occurrence of phase shift and the like and obtain a more accurate upsample image.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the base layer image decoding unit 203 in FIG.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 includes a storage buffer 231, a lossless decoding unit 232, an inverse quantization unit 233, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 234, a calculation unit 235, a loop filter 236, and a screen rearrangement buffer 237.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 includes a frame memory 238, a selection unit 239, an intra prediction unit 240, an inter prediction unit 241, and a predicted image selection unit 242.
  • the accumulation buffer 231 is also a receiving unit that receives transmitted encoded data (a base layer image encoded stream supplied from the demultiplexing unit 201).
  • the accumulation buffer 231 receives and accumulates the transmitted encoded data, and supplies the encoded data to the lossless decoding unit 232 at a predetermined timing.
  • Information necessary for decoding such as prediction mode information is added to the encoded data.
  • the lossless decoding unit 232 decodes the information supplied from the accumulation buffer 231 and encoded by the lossless encoding unit 135 using a decoding method corresponding to the encoding method.
  • the lossless decoding unit 232 supplies the quantized coefficient data of the difference image obtained by decoding to the inverse quantization unit 233.
  • the lossless decoding unit 232 determines whether the intra prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode or the inter prediction mode is selected, and information on the optimal prediction mode is stored in the intra prediction unit 240 and the inter prediction unit 241. It is supplied to the mode determined to be selected. That is, for example, when the intra prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode on the encoding side, information (intra prediction mode information) regarding the optimal prediction mode is supplied to the intra prediction unit 240. For example, when the inter prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode on the encoding side, information (inter prediction mode information) regarding the optimal prediction mode is supplied to the inter prediction unit 241.
  • the lossless decoding unit 232 extracts information necessary for inverse quantization, such as a quantization matrix and a quantization parameter, from the encoded data, and supplies the extracted information to the inverse quantization unit 233.
  • the inverse quantization unit 233 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient data obtained by decoding by the lossless decoding unit 232 using a method corresponding to the quantization method of the quantization unit 134.
  • the inverse quantization unit 233 is a processing unit similar to the inverse quantization unit 137.
  • the inverse quantization unit 233 supplies the obtained coefficient data (orthogonal transform coefficient) to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the orthogonal transform coefficient supplied from the inverse quantization unit 233 according to a method corresponding to the orthogonal transform method of the orthogonal transform unit 133 as necessary.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 is a processing unit similar to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 138.
  • the image data of the difference image is restored by this inverse orthogonal transform process.
  • the restored image data of the difference image corresponds to the image data of the difference image before being orthogonally transformed on the encoding side.
  • the restored image data of the difference image obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform process of the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 is also referred to as decoded residual data.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 supplies the decoded residual data to the calculation unit 235. Further, the image data of the prediction image is supplied to the calculation unit 235 from the intra prediction unit 240 or the inter prediction unit 241 via the prediction image selection unit 242.
  • the calculation unit 235 uses the decoded residual data and the image data of the predicted image to obtain image data of a reconstructed image obtained by adding the difference image and the predicted image. This reconstructed image corresponds to the input image before the predicted image is subtracted by the calculation unit 132.
  • the computing unit 235 supplies the reconstructed image to the loop filter 236.
  • the loop filter 236 appropriately performs loop filter processing including deblock filter processing and adaptive loop filter processing on the supplied reconstructed image to generate a decoded image.
  • the loop filter 236 removes block distortion by performing deblocking filter processing on the reconstructed image.
  • the loop filter 236 performs image quality improvement by performing loop filter processing on the deblock filter processing result (reconstructed image from which block distortion has been removed) using a Wiener filter (Wiener Filter). I do.
  • the type of filter processing performed by the loop filter 236 is arbitrary, and filter processing other than that described above may be performed. Further, the loop filter 236 may perform filter processing using the filter coefficient supplied from the image encoding device. Further, the loop filter 236 can omit such filter processing and output the input data without performing the filter processing.
  • the loop filter 236 supplies the decoded image (or reconstructed image) as the filter processing result to the screen rearrangement buffer 237 and the frame memory 238.
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 237 rearranges the frame order of the decoded image. That is, the screen rearrangement buffer 237 rearranges the images of the frames rearranged in the encoding order by the screen rearrangement buffer 131 in the original display order. That is, the screen rearrangement buffer 237 stores the image data of the decoded image of each frame supplied in the encoding order, and reads out and outputs the image data of the decoded image of each frame stored in the encoding order in the display order. To do.
  • the frame memory 238 stores the supplied decoded image, and uses the stored decoded image as a reference image at a predetermined timing or based on an external request such as the intra prediction unit 240 or the inter prediction unit 241.
  • the data is supplied to the intra prediction unit 240 and the inter prediction unit 241 via the selection unit 239.
  • Intra prediction mode information and the like are appropriately supplied from the lossless decoding unit 232 to the intra prediction unit 240.
  • the intra prediction unit 240 performs intra prediction in the intra prediction mode (optimum intra prediction mode) used in the intra prediction unit 143, and generates a predicted image.
  • the intra prediction unit 240 performs intra prediction using the image data of the reconstructed image supplied from the frame memory 238 via the selection unit 239. That is, the intra prediction unit 240 uses this reconstructed image as a reference image (neighboring pixels).
  • the intra prediction unit 240 supplies the generated predicted image to the predicted image selection unit 242.
  • the inter prediction unit 241 is appropriately supplied with optimal prediction mode information, motion information, and the like from the lossless decoding unit 232.
  • the inter prediction unit 241 performs inter prediction using the decoded image (reference image) acquired from the frame memory 238 in the inter prediction mode (optimum inter prediction mode) indicated by the optimal prediction mode information acquired from the lossless decoding unit 232. Generate a predicted image.
  • the prediction image selection unit 242 supplies the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 240 or the prediction image supplied from the inter prediction unit 241 to the calculation unit 235. And in the calculating part 235, the prediction image and the decoding residual data (difference image information) from the inverse orthogonal transformation part 234 are added, and a reconstructed image is obtained.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 performs decoding without referring to other layers. That is, the intra prediction unit 240 and the inter prediction unit 241 do not use decoded images of other layers as reference images.
  • the frame memory 238 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 204 in order to use the decoded base layer image for enhancement layer decoding.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 22, the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 has basically the same configuration as the base layer image decoding unit 203 of FIG.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 includes a storage buffer 251, a lossless decoding unit 252, an inverse quantization unit 253, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 254, a calculation unit 255, a loop filter 256, and a screen arrangement as illustrated in FIG. A replacement buffer 257 is provided. Further, the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 includes a frame memory 258, a selection unit 259, an intra prediction unit 260, an inter prediction unit 261, and a predicted image selection unit 262.
  • accumulation buffer 251 through predicted image selection unit 262 correspond to the storage buffer 231 through predicted image selection unit 242 in FIG. 21, and perform the same processing as the corresponding processing unit, respectively.
  • each unit of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 performs processing for encoding enhancement layer image information, not the base layer. Therefore, as the description of the processing of the storage buffer 251 to the predicted image selection unit 262, the description of the storage buffer 231 to the predicted image selection unit 242 of FIG. 21 described above can be applied.
  • the data to be processed is It should be enhancement layer data, not base layer data.
  • the data input source and output destination processing units need to be appropriately replaced with the corresponding processing units of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 and read.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 performs decoding with reference to a decoded image of another layer (for example, a base layer).
  • the frame memory 258 stores the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 204.
  • the frame memory 258 supplies the base layer decoded image as a reference image to the intra prediction unit 260 or the inter prediction unit 261 via the selection unit 259 in the intra BL mode, the reference index mode, or the like.
  • the lossless decoding unit 252 extracts header information (sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.) including color difference phase information from the enhancement layer image encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 251; It is supplied to the color difference phase control unit 202 (transmitted to the decoding side).
  • header information sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), etc.
  • the image decoding device 200 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • step S201 the demultiplexing unit 201 of the image decoding apparatus 200 reverses the hierarchical image encoded stream obtained by multiplexing the encoded stream of each layer transmitted from the encoding side. Multiplexed and converted into an encoded stream for each layer.
  • step S202 the base layer image decoding unit 203 decodes the base layer image encoded stream obtained in step S201.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 203 outputs base layer image data generated by this decoding.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 receives header information (for example, a sequence parameter set (SPS) or a picture parameter set (PPS)) including color difference phase information from the enhancement layer image encoded stream obtained in step S201. Extract.
  • header information for example, a sequence parameter set (SPS) or a picture parameter set (PPS)
  • step S204 the color difference phase control unit 202 controls the phase setting of the color difference signal in the Apple sample processing based on the color difference phase information included in the header information extracted in step S203.
  • step S205 the upsampling unit 204 applies the phase setting of the color difference signal controlled in step S203, upsamples the base layer decoded image obtained in step S202, and generates an upsampled image.
  • step S206 the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 decodes the enhancement layer image encoded stream obtained in step S201.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 outputs enhancement layer image data generated by this decoding.
  • the image decoding device 200 ends the image decoding process.
  • One picture is processed by such an image decoding process. Therefore, the image decoding apparatus 200 repeatedly executes such an image decoding process for each picture of hierarchized moving image data. However, it is not necessary to perform processing on all the pictures, such as extraction of a sequence parameter set, and processing that can be omitted may be omitted as appropriate.
  • step S211 the accumulation buffer 231 of the base layer image decoding unit 203 accumulates the transmitted base layer encoded stream.
  • the lossless decoding unit 232 decodes the base layer encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 231. That is, image data such as an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture encoded by the lossless encoding unit 135 is decoded. At this time, various information other than the image data included in the bit stream such as header information is also decoded.
  • step S213 the inverse quantization unit 233 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient obtained by the process in step S212.
  • step S214 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the coefficient inversely quantized in step S213.
  • the intra prediction unit 240 and the inter prediction unit 241 perform prediction processing and generate a prediction image. That is, the prediction process is performed in the prediction mode applied at the time of encoding, which is determined by the lossless decoding unit 232. More specifically, for example, when intra prediction is applied at the time of encoding, the intra prediction unit 240 generates a prediction image in the intra prediction mode optimized at the time of encoding. Further, for example, when inter prediction is applied at the time of encoding, the inter prediction unit 241 generates a prediction image in the inter prediction mode that is optimized at the time of encoding.
  • step S216 the calculation unit 235 adds the predicted image generated in step S215 to the difference image obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform in step S214. Thereby, image data of the reconstructed image is obtained.
  • step S217 the loop filter 236 appropriately performs a loop filter process including a deblock filter process and an adaptive loop filter process on the image data of the reconstructed image obtained by the process in step S216.
  • step S218 the screen rearrangement buffer 237 rearranges each frame of the reconstructed image filtered in step S217. That is, the order of frames rearranged at the time of encoding is rearranged in the original display order and output.
  • step S219 the frame memory 238 stores data such as the decoded image obtained by the process of step S217 and the reconstructed image obtained by the process of step S216.
  • step S220 the frame memory 238 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 204.
  • step S220 When the process of step S220 is completed, the base layer decoding process is terminated, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the color difference phase information number determination unit 221 determines the number of color difference phase information included in the header information extracted from the enhancement layer image encoded stream in step S203 (FIG. 23) in step S231. Whether there are a plurality of pieces of color difference phase information set for the current sequence to be processed is determined. If it is determined that there are a plurality of processes, the process proceeds to step S232.
  • step S232 the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 sets the color difference phase for each field indicated in the color difference phase information included in the header information extracted from the enhancement layer image encoded stream. That is, the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 applies the setting for the top field to the top field, and applies the setting for the bottom field to the bottom field.
  • step S233 the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 performs control so that upsampling is performed for each field using the chrominance phase setting as described above.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 controls the upsample processing, causes the topfield base layer decoded image to be subjected to the upsample processing using the chrominance phase set for the top field, and the bottom field. Up-sampling processing is performed on the base layer decoded image using the color difference phase set for the bottom field.
  • step S233 When the process of step S233 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S231 If it is determined in step S231 that the number of color difference phase information is singular, the process proceeds to step S234.
  • step S234 the sampling method determination unit 222 performs field-based upsampling based on control information that controls the upsampling included in the header information extracted from the enhancement layer image encoded stream to be performed on a field basis. Determine whether or not. If it is determined by the control information that upsampling on a field basis is indicated, the process proceeds to step S235.
  • step S235 the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 sets a single color difference phase. That is, the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 converts the single color difference phase indicated by the single color difference phase information included in the header information extracted from the enhancement layer image encoded stream to each current sequence to be processed. Applies to frame pictures.
  • step S236 the up-sample color difference phase control unit 223 performs control so that up-sampling is performed for each field using the color difference phase setting as described above.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 controls the upsampling process, and uses the single chrominance phase set for each frame picture of the current sequence for the base layer decoded image as a field. Let the base do.
  • step S236 When the process of step S236 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S234 If it is determined in step S234 that upsampling is to be performed on a frame basis, the process proceeds to step S237.
  • step S237 the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 sets a single color difference phase. That is, the upsampled color difference phase control unit 223 converts the single color difference phase indicated by the single color difference phase information included in the header information extracted from the enhancement layer image encoded stream to each current sequence to be processed. Applies to frame pictures.
  • step S2308 the up-sample color difference phase control unit 223 performs control to perform up-sample for each frame using the color difference phase setting as described above.
  • the upsample chrominance phase control unit 223 controls the upsampling process, and performs the upsampling process on the base layer decoded image using the single chrominance phase set for each frame picture of the current sequence. Let the base do.
  • step S238 When the process of step S238 is completed, the color difference phase setting process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the frame memory 238 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 205 acquires the upsampled image obtained by the process of step S205 (FIG. 23) in step S241.
  • step S242 the frame memory 238 stores the upsampled image acquired in step S241.
  • the frame memory 238 stores this upsampled image in the long term reference frame.
  • step S243 to step S251 corresponds to each process of step S211 to step S219 in FIG. 24 and is executed basically in the same manner as those processes. However, each process in FIG. 24 is performed on the enhancement layer, whereas each process in FIG. 24 is performed on the enhancement layer.
  • step S252 When the process of step S252 is completed, the enhancement layer decoding process is completed, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the image decoding apparatus 200 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • Fourth Embodiment> ⁇ Upsampling of 2: 3 pull-up image>
  • a method of performing 3 pull-up processing and using the signal as input to the image compression information has been performed.
  • FIG. 27A shows a top field (also referred to as a first field) and a bottom field (also referred to as a second field) of some frames (frames A to D) of a moving image of a progressive scanning method (24p format) with a frame rate of 24 Hz. Example).
  • the 24p moving image has no time difference between the fields of each frame (between the top field and the bottom field) (the images in both fields are the same).
  • FIG. 27B shows an example of a state in which the 24p format moving image shown in FIG. 27A is pulled up 2: 3 and converted to a frame rate 60 Hz interlace scanning (60i format) moving image.
  • FIG. 27B in the case of 2: 3 pull-up processing, by repeating the first field (top field) and the second field (bottom field) of the B frame and the D frame, respectively, Realize format conversion from 24p to 60i. That is, a frame composed of the top field of frame B and the bottom field of frame C and a frame composed of the top field of frame C and the bottom field of frame D are generated instead of frame C of 24p.
  • a base layer of image data is encoded, and an upsample of each frame of decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data of the base layer obtained by the encoding is subjected to scanning method frame rate conversion performed on the image data.
  • An up-sample image of decoded image data is generated by a method according to the processing method, and an enhancement layer of the image data is encoded using the generated up-sample image to generate encoded data.
  • the upsampling of each frame can be performed by an appropriate method, so that deterioration of the image quality of the upsampled image is suppressed, thereby reducing the prediction accuracy and consequently reducing the coding efficiency. Can be suppressed.
  • the upsampling method indicates, for example, field-based or frame-based. That is, according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data, whether up-sampling is performed on a field basis (per field) or on a frame basis (per frame) Be controlled.
  • the scanning method frame rate conversion processing is processing for converting the frame rate and scanning method of a moving image, and indicates, for example, 2: 3 pull-up processing.
  • the conversion ratio is arbitrary, and the scanning method frame rate conversion process may be other than the 2: 3 pull-up process.
  • 2: 3 pull-up processing will be described as an example.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example of up-sampling the 60i format moving image obtained by performing the 2: 3 pull-up process on the 24p format moving image shown in FIG. 27B.
  • a frame having no time difference between the first field and the second field is upsampled on a frame basis
  • a frame having a time difference between the first field and the second field is upsampled on a field basis.
  • ⁇ Which frame field has a time difference is determined based on the conversion pattern of the scanning method frame rate conversion process performed on the image data. For example, when a 2: 3 pull-up is performed on a moving image to be encoded, the conversion pattern shown in FIG. 27B is repeated every five frames. Therefore, for all frames of the moving image to be encoded, the frames of frame numbers 0, 1, and 4 are up-sampled on a frame basis as shown in FIG. 28, and the frames of frame numbers 2 and 3 are field-based.
  • the pattern to be upsampled in step 5 may be repeated every 5 frames.
  • FIG. 29 shows an example of the state of the upsampling process.
  • FIG. 29 shows an example (2 ⁇ scalability) of upsampling the resolution by a factor of two.
  • the solid line indicates the first field
  • the broken line indicates the second field.
  • FIG. 29A shows an example of the enhancement layer configuration
  • FIG. 29B and FIG. 29C show an example of the base layer configuration.
  • the enhancement layer is composed of ET0, EB0, ET1, EB1, ET2, EB2, ET3, and EB3.
  • ET0 and ET1 are BT0
  • ET2 and ET3 correspond to BT1
  • EB2 and EB3 correspond to BB1.
  • the base layer is made to correspond to a half-phase pixel for each field as shown in FIG. 29B, the phase becomes an unequal interval phase when viewed as a frame. . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 29C, it is necessary to correspond to a 1/4 phase pixel for the first field and a 3/4 phase pixel for the second field.
  • the up-sampling method as described above is controlled only when the current picture of the image data to be processed has been subjected to 2: 3 pull-up processing. can do.
  • the up-sampling method as described above can be omitted.
  • an appropriate method of up-sampling processing can be selected, and reduction in coding efficiency can be suppressed (2: 3 pull-up processing).
  • Input images that are not up-processed can also be processed appropriately). Further, an increase in unnecessary processing load can be suppressed, and an increase in processing time and cost can be suppressed.
  • the control of the upsampling method as described above can be performed not only in the encoding device but also in the decoding device.
  • the control method whether it is performed on a field basis or a frame basis
  • information regarding upsampling may be transmitted from the encoding device to the decoding device.
  • This upsampling information may include information indicating whether upsampling is performed on a field basis or a frame basis for each frame.
  • This information is information indicating the content actually selected in the encoding device. That is, in the encoding device, information indicating whether the up-sampling of each frame has been performed on a field basis or on a frame basis is transmitted to the decoding device.
  • the upsampling information may include phase information regarding the upsampling.
  • This information is information indicating the phase in the upsampling actually performed in the encoding apparatus. That is, in the encoding device, information indicating in which phase the upsampling of each frame has been performed is transmitted to the decoding device.
  • the upsample information includes two pieces of phase information regarding upsamples when the upsample is performed on a field basis, and includes one phase information regarding upsamples when the upsample is performed on a frame basis. It may be.
  • the information indicating the number of phase information relating to the transmitted upsample may be information indicating whether the upsample of each frame is performed on a field basis or a frame basis.
  • Such up-sampling information may be transmitted by being included in header information of a bit stream of encoded data obtained by encoding image data.
  • the upsample information may be transmitted in a picture parameter set (PPS ((Picture Parameter Set))).
  • PPS Picture Parameter Set
  • PPS_extension extension part of the picture parameter set.
  • FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 are diagrams illustrating an example of syntax of a picture parameter set (PPS).
  • the number of sampling_grid_information that is phase information related to the upsample included in the picture parameter set is two, which indicates that the upsampling is performed on the field basis in the encoding apparatus.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating an example of syntax for transmitting sampling_grid_information which is phase information regarding upsampling.
  • sampling_grid_information that is phase information related to upsampling includes horizontal_phase_offset16 that is information indicating a phase offset in the horizontal direction, vertical_phase_offset16 that is information indicating a phase offset in the vertical direction, and horizontal of the color difference signal.
  • Chroma_phase_x_flag which is information indicating whether or not to perform a phase shift in the direction
  • chroma_phase_y which is information indicating whether or not to perform a phase shift in the vertical direction of the color difference signal.
  • phase_offset_idx indicates an index assigned to the color difference phase information.
  • this sampling_grid_information may include any information and is not limited to the example of FIG.
  • the upsample information may be transmitted in, for example, a slice header.
  • up-sampling information having the same value may be included in each slice header (Slice Header). By doing so, the redundancy of the upsample information can be increased, and the error resistance can be improved (more reliable transmission).
  • ⁇ Encoding> The present technology described above may be applied only when image data is hierarchically encoded and both the base layer (Baselayer) and the enhancement layer (Enhancementlayer) are subjected to frame-based encoding. Good. In other words, when field-based encoding is performed, upsampling may be performed on a field basis for any picture (regardless of whether there is a time difference between fields).
  • the present technology described above can be applied even when the encoding method is different between the base layer (Baselayer) and the enhancement layer (Enhancementlayer) of the image data.
  • the present technology can also be applied when the base layer encoding scheme is AVC and the enhancement layer encoding scheme is HEVC.
  • the number of layers for layer encoding is arbitrary, and may be three or more layers. Of course, the same applies to the decoding method.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an image encoding device that is an aspect of an image processing device to which the present technology is applied.
  • An image encoding device 300 illustrated in FIG. 34 is a device that performs hierarchical image encoding (scalable encoding) with spatial scalability. As illustrated in FIG. 34, the image encoding device 300 includes a base layer image encoding unit 301, an upsampling unit 302, an enhancement layer image encoding unit 303, and a multiplexing unit 304.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 encodes the base layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and generates a base layer image encoded stream.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 supplies the generated base layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 304.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 also supplies a decoded image (also referred to as a base layer decoded image) generated in the encoding of the base layer image to the upsampling unit 302.
  • the upsampling unit 302 upsamples the low-resolution base layer decoded image supplied from the base layer image encoding unit 301, and generates an upsampled image having the same resolution as the enhancement layer image. At this time, the up-sampling unit 302 converts the up-sampling of each frame of the base layer decoded image data into a method according to the scanning frame rate conversion processing (for example, 2: 3 pull-up processing) performed on the base layer image To do. In this way, each frame can be appropriately upsampled regardless of the presence or absence of a time difference between fields, so that deterioration of the upsampled image can be suppressed. Therefore, reduction in prediction accuracy can be suppressed, and reduction in encoding efficiency can be suppressed.
  • the scanning frame rate conversion processing for example, 2: 3 pull-up processing
  • the upsampling unit 302 supplies the generated upsampled image to the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • the upsampling unit 302 also generates upsampling information that is information related to the upsampling performed by the upsampling unit 302 and supplies the upsampling information to the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 encodes the enhancement layer image input to the image encoding device 100, and generates an enhancement layer image encoded stream.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 uses the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 302 as a reference image for prediction processing and the like. Further, the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 includes the upsample information supplied from the upsample unit 302 in the enhancement layer image encoded stream.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 supplies the generated enhancement layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 304.
  • the multiplexing unit 304 multiplexes the base layer image encoded stream generated by the base layer image encoding unit 301 and the enhancement layer image encoded stream generated by the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 to generate a hierarchical image code Generate a stream.
  • the multiplexing unit 304 transmits the generated hierarchical image encoded stream to the decoding side.
  • FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the base layer image encoding unit 301 in FIG. 34.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 includes a screen rearrangement buffer 311, a calculation unit 312, an orthogonal transformation unit 313, a quantization unit 314, a lossless encoding unit 315, an accumulation buffer 316, and an inverse quantization.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 includes a calculation unit 319, a loop filter 320, a frame memory 321, a selection unit 322, an intra prediction unit 323, an inter prediction unit 324, a predicted image selection unit 325, and a rate control unit 326. .
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 311 stores the input image data (base layer image information), and the frame images in the stored display order are encoded according to GOP (Group Of Picture). The images rearranged in order and the image in which the order of the frames is rearranged are supplied to the calculation unit 312. The screen rearrangement buffer 311 also supplies the image in which the frame order is rearranged to the intra prediction unit 323 and the inter prediction unit 324.
  • the calculation unit 312 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 323 or the inter prediction unit 324 via the prediction image selection unit 325 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 311, and orthogonalizes the difference information.
  • the data is output to the conversion unit 313.
  • the calculation unit 312 subtracts the predicted image supplied from the intra prediction unit 323 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 311.
  • the calculation unit 312 subtracts the prediction image supplied from the inter prediction unit 324 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 311.
  • the orthogonal transform unit 313 performs orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform and Karhunen-Loeve transform on the difference information supplied from the computation unit 312.
  • the orthogonal transform unit 313 supplies the transform coefficient to the quantization unit 314.
  • the quantization unit 314 quantizes the transform coefficient supplied from the orthogonal transform unit 313.
  • the quantization unit 314 sets a quantization parameter based on the information regarding the target value of the code amount supplied from the rate control unit 326, and performs the quantization.
  • the quantization unit 314 supplies the quantized transform coefficient to the lossless encoding unit 315.
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 encodes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 314 using an arbitrary encoding method. Since the coefficient data is quantized under the control of the rate control unit 326, the code amount becomes the target value set by the rate control unit 326 (or approximates the target value).
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 acquires information indicating the mode of intra prediction from the intra prediction unit 323, and acquires information indicating the mode of inter prediction, difference motion vector information, and the like from the inter prediction unit 324. Further, the lossless encoding unit 315 appropriately generates a base layer NAL (Network Abstraction Layer) unit including a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), and the like.
  • NAL Network Abstraction Layer
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 encodes these various types of information using an arbitrary encoding method, and sets (multiplexes) the encoded information (also referred to as an encoded stream) as a part.
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 supplies the encoded data obtained by encoding to the accumulation buffer 316 for accumulation.
  • Examples of the encoding method of the lossless encoding unit 315 include variable length encoding or arithmetic encoding.
  • Examples of variable length coding include H.264.
  • CAVLC Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding
  • Examples of arithmetic coding include CABAC (Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding).
  • the accumulation buffer 316 temporarily holds the encoded stream (base layer image encoded stream) supplied from the lossless encoding unit 315.
  • the accumulation buffer 316 outputs the held base layer image encoded stream to the multiplexing unit 304 (FIG. 34) at a predetermined timing. That is, the accumulation buffer 316 is also a transmission unit that transmits a base layer image encoded stream.
  • the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 314 is also supplied to the inverse quantization unit 317.
  • the inverse quantization unit 317 inversely quantizes the quantized transform coefficient by a method corresponding to the quantization by the quantization unit 314.
  • the inverse quantization unit 317 supplies the obtained transform coefficient to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 138.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 318 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient supplied from the inverse quantization unit 317 by a method corresponding to the orthogonal transform processing by the orthogonal transform unit 313.
  • the inversely orthogonally transformed output (restored difference information) is supplied to the calculation unit 319.
  • the calculation unit 319 adds the prediction image from the intra prediction unit 323 or the inter prediction unit 324 to the restored difference information, which is the inverse orthogonal transformation result supplied from the inverse orthogonal transformation unit 318, via the prediction image selection unit 325. Addition is performed to obtain a locally decoded image (decoded image).
  • the decoded image is supplied to the loop filter 320 or the frame memory 321.
  • the loop filter 320 includes a deblocking filter, an adaptive loop filter, and the like, and appropriately performs a filtering process on the reconstructed image supplied from the calculation unit 319.
  • the loop filter 320 removes block distortion of the reconstructed image by performing deblocking filter processing on the reconstructed image.
  • the loop filter 320 improves the image quality by performing loop filter processing using a Wiener filter on the deblock filter processing result (reconstructed image from which block distortion has been removed). I do.
  • the loop filter 320 supplies the filter processing result (hereinafter referred to as a decoded image) to the frame memory 321.
  • the loop filter 320 may further perform other arbitrary filter processing on the reconstructed image. Further, the loop filter 320 can supply information such as filter coefficients used for the filter processing to the lossless encoding unit 315 and encode the information as necessary.
  • the frame memory 321 stores the supplied decoded image, and supplies the stored decoded image as a reference image to the selection unit 322 at a predetermined timing.
  • the frame memory 321 stores the reconstructed image supplied from the calculation unit 319 and the decoded image supplied from the loop filter 320, respectively.
  • the frame memory 321 supplies the stored reconstructed image to the intra prediction unit 323 via the selection unit 322 at a predetermined timing or based on an external request from the intra prediction unit 323 or the like.
  • the frame memory 321 supplies the stored decoded image to the inter prediction unit 324 via the selection unit 322 at a predetermined timing or based on a request from the outside such as the inter prediction unit 324. .
  • the selection unit 322 selects a reference image supply destination supplied from the frame memory 321. For example, in the case of intra prediction, the selection unit 322 supplies a reference image (a pixel value in the current picture or a base layer decoded image) supplied from the frame memory 321 to the intra prediction unit 323. For example, in the case of inter prediction, the selection unit 322 supplies a reference image (a decoded image or a base layer decoded image outside the current picture of the enhancement layer) supplied from the frame memory 321 to the inter prediction unit 324.
  • the intra prediction unit 323 performs prediction processing on a current picture that is an image of a processing target frame, and generates a predicted image.
  • the intra prediction unit 323 performs this prediction processing for each predetermined block (with blocks as processing units). That is, the intra prediction unit 323 generates a prediction image of the current block that is the processing target of the current picture.
  • the intra prediction unit 323 performs prediction processing (intra-screen prediction (also referred to as intra prediction)) using the reconstructed image supplied as a reference image from the frame memory 321 via the selection unit 322. That is, the intra prediction unit 323 generates a predicted image using pixel values around the current block that are included in the reconstructed image.
  • the peripheral pixel value used for this intra prediction is the pixel value of the pixel processed in the past of the current picture.
  • a plurality of methods also referred to as intra prediction modes
  • the intra prediction unit 323 performs the intra prediction in the plurality of intra prediction modes prepared in advance.
  • the intra prediction unit 323 generates prediction images in all candidate intra prediction modes, evaluates the cost function value of each prediction image using the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 311, and selects the optimum mode. select. When the intra prediction unit 323 selects the optimal intra prediction mode, the intra prediction unit 323 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal mode to the predicted image selection unit 325.
  • the intra prediction unit 323 supplies the intra prediction mode information indicating the adopted intra prediction mode and the like to the lossless encoding unit 315 as appropriate, and performs encoding.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 performs prediction processing on the current picture and generates a predicted image.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 performs this prediction processing for each predetermined block (using blocks as processing units). That is, the inter prediction unit 324 generates a predicted image of the current block that is the processing target of the current picture.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 performs prediction processing using the image data of the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 311 and the image data of the decoded image supplied as a reference image from the frame memory 321.
  • This decoded image is an image of a frame processed before the current picture (another picture that is not the current picture). That is, the inter prediction unit 324 performs a prediction process (inter-screen prediction (also referred to as inter prediction)) that generates a predicted image using an image of another picture.
  • inter-screen prediction also referred to as inter prediction
  • This inter prediction consists of motion prediction and motion compensation. More specifically, the inter prediction unit 324 performs motion prediction on the current block using the input image and the reference image, and detects a motion vector. Then, the inter prediction unit 324 performs motion compensation processing according to the detected motion vector using the reference image, and generates a prediction image (inter prediction image information) of the current block.
  • a plurality of methods also referred to as inter prediction modes
  • inter prediction modes are prepared in advance as candidates for the inter prediction (that is, how to generate a predicted image). The inter prediction unit 324 performs such inter prediction in the plurality of inter prediction modes prepared in advance.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 generates a prediction image in all candidate inter prediction modes.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 evaluates the cost function value of each prediction image using the input image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 311 and information on the generated differential motion vector, and selects an optimal mode. When the optimal inter prediction mode is selected, the inter prediction unit 324 supplies the prediction image generated in the optimal mode to the prediction image selection unit 325.
  • the inter prediction unit 324 supplies information indicating the adopted inter prediction mode, information necessary for performing processing in the inter prediction mode, and the like to the lossless encoding unit 315 when decoding the encoded data, Encode.
  • the necessary information includes, for example, information on the generated differential motion vector, a flag indicating an index of the motion vector predictor as motion vector predictor information, and the like.
  • the predicted image selection unit 325 selects a supply source of a predicted image to be supplied to the calculation unit 312 or the calculation unit 319.
  • the predicted image selection unit 325 selects the intra prediction unit 323 as the supply source of the predicted image, and supplies the predicted image supplied from the intra prediction unit 323 to the calculation unit 312 and the calculation unit 319.
  • the predicted image selection unit 325 selects the inter prediction unit 324 as a supply source of the predicted image, and calculates the predicted image supplied from the inter prediction unit 324 as the calculation unit 312 or the calculation unit 319. To supply.
  • the rate control unit 326 controls the quantization operation rate of the quantization unit 314 based on the code amount of the encoded data stored in the storage buffer 316 so that no overflow or underflow occurs.
  • the base layer image encoding unit 301 performs encoding without referring to other layers. That is, the intra prediction unit 323 and the inter prediction unit 324 do not use decoded images of other layers as reference images.
  • the frame memory 321 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the up-sampling unit 302 in order to use it for the enhancement layer encoding.
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 upsamples 2: 3 pull-up information (for example, duplicate_flag (FIG. 30)) that is information related to the 2: 3 pull-up processing performed on the image data to be encoded. Supplied to the unit 302.
  • FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the upsampling unit 302 of FIG.
  • the up-sampling unit 302 includes a 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331, a base layer decoded image buffer 332, an up-sample switching unit 333, a field base up sampler 334, a frame base up sampler 335, and an up A sample information supply unit 336 is provided.
  • the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 is a storage unit having an arbitrary storage medium such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a flash memory, and a hard disk.
  • the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 acquires and stores the 2: 3 pull-up information supplied from the lossless encoding unit 315 of the base layer image encoding unit 301, for example.
  • the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 stores the 2: 3 pull-up information stored at a predetermined timing, for example, based on a predetermined event such as an instruction from the outside such as another processing unit or a user. Read out and supply it to the upsample switching unit 333.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 332 is a storage unit having an arbitrary storage medium such as a RAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 332 acquires and stores the base layer decoded image supplied from the frame memory 321 of the base layer image encoding unit 301, for example.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 332 reads out the stored base layer decoded image, for example, at a predetermined timing or based on a predetermined event such as an instruction from the outside such as another processing unit or a user. This is supplied to the upsample switching unit 333.
  • the upsample switching unit 333 supplies the base layer decoded image read destination (upsampled) from the base layer decoded image buffer 332 based on the content of the 2: 3 pull-up information. (Method is switched) (Supply destination (upsampling method) is selected).
  • the upsample switching unit 333 supplies the base layer decoded image read from the base layer decoded image buffer 332 to either the field base upsampler 334 or the frame base upsampler 335 (the selected one). Further, the upsample switching unit 333 generates upsample information including the contents of the control and supplies the upsample information to the upsample information supply unit 336.
  • the upsample switching unit 333 supplies the base layer decoded image to the field base upsampler 334 when the current picture to be processed is upsampled on the field basis. Further, the upsample switching unit 333 supplies the base layer decoded image to the frame base upsampler 335 when the current picture to be processed is upsampled on a frame basis.
  • the field base upsampler 334 upsamples the base layer decoded image supplied from the upsample switching unit 333 on a field basis to generate an upsampled image.
  • the field base upsampler 334 supplies the generated upsampled image to the frame memory 361 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • the frame base upsampler 335 upsamples the base layer decoded image supplied from the upsample switching unit 333 on a frame basis to generate an upsampled image.
  • the frame base upsampler 335 supplies the generated upsampled image to the frame memory 361 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • the upsample information supply unit 336 acquires the upsample information supplied from the upsample switching unit 333, supplies the upsample information to the lossless encoding unit 355 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303, and includes it in the header information of the encoded data. Let it transmit.
  • FIG. 37 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 in FIG. 34. As shown in FIG. 37, the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 has basically the same configuration as the base layer image encoding unit 301 of FIG.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 includes a screen rearrangement buffer 351, a calculation unit 352, an orthogonal transformation unit 353, a quantization unit 354, a lossless encoding unit 355, an accumulation buffer 356, and an inverse buffer as illustrated in FIG.
  • a quantization unit 357 and an inverse orthogonal transform unit 358 are included.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 includes a calculation unit 359, a loop filter 360, a frame memory 361, a selection unit 362, an intra prediction unit 363, an inter prediction unit 364, a predicted image selection unit 365, and a rate control unit 366. .
  • These screen rearrangement buffer 351 through rate control unit 366 correspond to screen rearrangement buffer 311 through rate control unit 326 in FIG. 35 and perform the same processing as the corresponding processing unit, respectively.
  • each unit of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 performs processing for encoding enhancement layer image information, not the base layer. Therefore, as the description of the processing of the screen rearranging buffer 351 to the rate control unit 366, the description of the screen rearranging buffer 311 to the rate control unit 326 of FIG. 35 described above can be applied. Needs to be enhancement layer data, not base layer data. Further, it is necessary to read the data input source and output destination processing units by replacing them with corresponding processing units in the screen rearrangement buffer 351 through the rate control unit 366, as appropriate.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 performs encoding with reference to information on other layers (for example, a base layer).
  • the frame memory 361 stores the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 302.
  • the frame memory 361 supplies the base layer decoded image as a reference image to the intra prediction unit 363 or the inter prediction unit 364 via the selection unit 362 in the intra BL mode, the reference index mode, or the like.
  • the lossless encoding unit 355 acquires the upsample information supplied from the upsample unit 302, and includes it in the enhancement image encoded stream (header information thereof) and supplies it to the accumulation buffer 356 (decoding). To the side).
  • the upsampling unit 302 (upsampling switching unit 333) controls the upsampling method of the base layer decoded image data as described in the fourth embodiment.
  • the image encoding device 300 can suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency. In other words, the image encoding device 300 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • step S301 the base layer image encoding unit 103 of the image encoding device 300 encodes the input base layer image.
  • step S302 the upsampling unit 302 upsamples the base layer decoded image obtained in step S301, and obtains an upsampled image having a resolution corresponding to the resolution of the enhancement layer image. Further, the upsample unit 302 generates upsample information.
  • step S303 the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 encodes enhancement layer image data.
  • the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 performs encoding using the upsampled image generated in step S302. Further, the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 includes the upsample information generated in step S302 in the header information of the enhancement layer image encoded stream.
  • step S304 the multiplexing unit 304 uses the base layer image encoded stream generated by the process of step S301 and the enhancement layer image encoded stream generated by the process of step S303 (that is, the bit stream of each layer). Are multiplexed to generate a single hierarchical image encoded stream.
  • the image encoding device 300 ends the image encoding process.
  • One picture is processed by such an image encoding process. Therefore, the image coding apparatus 300 repeatedly executes such image coding processing for each picture of the hierarchized moving image data. However, it is not necessary to perform processing for all pictures, such as generation of a sequence parameter set, and processing that can be omitted may be omitted as appropriate.
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 311 of the base layer image encoding unit 301 stores each frame (picture) of the input moving image and displays each picture in step S311. Rearrange from the order to the encoding order.
  • step S312 the intra prediction unit 323 performs an intra prediction process in the intra prediction mode.
  • step S313 the inter prediction unit 324 performs inter prediction processing for performing motion prediction, motion compensation, and the like in the inter prediction mode.
  • step S314 the predicted image selection unit 325 selects a predicted image based on the cost function value or the like. That is, the predicted image selection unit 325 selects one of the predicted image generated by the intra prediction in step S312 and the predicted image generated by the inter prediction in step S313.
  • step S315 the calculation unit 312 calculates a difference between the input image whose frame order is rearranged by the process of step S311 and the predicted image selected by the process of step S314. That is, the calculation unit 312 generates image data of a difference image between the input image and the predicted image.
  • the image data of the difference image obtained in this way is reduced in data amount compared to the original image data. Therefore, the data amount can be compressed as compared with the case where the image is encoded as it is.
  • step S316 the orthogonal transform unit 313 performs orthogonal transform on the image data of the difference image generated by the process in step S315.
  • step S317 the quantization unit 314 quantizes the orthogonal transform coefficient obtained by the process in step S316, using the quantization parameter calculated by the rate control unit 326.
  • step S318 the inverse quantization unit 317 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient generated by the process in step S317 (also referred to as a quantization coefficient) with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the quantization unit 314.
  • step S319 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 318 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the orthogonal transform coefficient obtained by the process in step S318.
  • step S320 the calculation unit 319 generates the image data of the reconstructed image by adding the predicted image selected by the process of step S314 to the difference image restored by the process of step S319.
  • step S321 the loop filter 320 performs loop filter processing on the image data of the reconstructed image generated by the processing in step S320. Thereby, block distortion and the like of the reconstructed image are removed.
  • the frame memory 321 stores data such as a decoded image (base layer decoded image) obtained by the process of step S321 and a reconstructed image obtained by the process of step S320.
  • step S323 the lossless encoding unit 315 encodes the quantized coefficient obtained by the process in step S317. That is, lossless encoding such as variable length encoding or arithmetic encoding is performed on the data corresponding to the difference image.
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 encodes information regarding the prediction mode of the prediction image selected by the process of step S314, and adds the encoded information to the encoded data obtained by encoding the difference image. That is, the lossless encoding unit 315 also encodes the optimal intra prediction mode information supplied from the intra prediction unit 323 or the information corresponding to the optimal inter prediction mode supplied from the inter prediction unit 324, and the like into encoded data. Append.
  • the lossless encoding unit 315 also sets syntax elements such as various null units, encodes them, and adds them to the encoded data.
  • step S324 the accumulation buffer 316 accumulates the encoded data (base layer image encoded stream) obtained by the process in step S323.
  • the base layer image encoded stream stored in the storage buffer 316 is appropriately read out, supplied to the multiplexing unit 304 (FIG. 34), multiplexed with the enhancement layer image encoded stream, and then transmitted to the transmission path or recording medium. Is transmitted to the decoding side.
  • step S325 the rate control unit 326 causes the quantization unit 314 to prevent overflow or underflow based on the code amount (generated code amount) of the encoded data accumulated in the accumulation buffer 316 by the process in step S324. Controls the rate of quantization operation. Further, the rate control unit 326 supplies information regarding the quantization parameter to the quantization unit 314.
  • step S326 the frame memory 321 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 302. Further, the lossless encoding unit 315 supplies 2: 3 pull-up information regarding the image data to be encoded to the up-sampling unit 302.
  • step S326 ends, the base layer encoding process ends, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 332 of the upsampling unit 302 acquires the base layer decoded image data supplied by the process of step S326 of FIG. 39 in step S331.
  • step S332 the base layer decoded image buffer 332 stores the data of the base layer decoded image acquired by the process of step S331.
  • step S333 the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 acquires the 2: 3 pull-up information supplied by the process of step S326 in FIG.
  • step S334 the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 stores the 2: 3 pull-up information acquired by the process of step S333.
  • step S335 the up-sample switching unit 333 reads out the 2: 3 pull-up information stored in the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331 by the processing in step S334 from the 2: 3 pull-up information buffer 331. 3. Based on the pull-up information, it is determined whether to upsample the current picture to be processed on a field basis.
  • the upsampling switching unit 333 selects whether to upsample the current picture on a field basis or on a frame basis, as described in the fourth embodiment, based on the 2: 3 pull-up information. For example, when it is determined that upsampling of the current picture is performed on a field basis, such as when the current picture is a picture having a time difference between fields, the process proceeds to step S336.
  • step S336 the field base upsampler 334 reads the base layer decoded image data stored in the base layer decoded image buffer 332 by the processing in step S332 via the upsample switching unit 333, and the base layer decoded image of the base layer decoded image is read. Upsample the current picture on a field basis. That is, the field base upsampler 334 upsamples the first field (top field) and the second field (bottom field) of the current picture of the base layer decoded image.
  • the field-based upsampler 334 further generates upsample information that is information about the upsample.
  • This up-sample information includes up-sample method identification information indicating that up-sampling has been performed on a field basis, and phase information (that is, two pieces of phase information) regarding the up-sample of each field.
  • step S337 the field base upsampler 334 supplies the upsampled image generated by the processing in step S336 (upsampled by the field base) to the frame memory 361 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • step S338 the upsample information supply unit 336 supplies the upsample information generated by the process of step S336 to the lossless encoding unit 355 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303. That is, the upsample information supply unit 336 supplies upsample method identification information and two pieces of phase information as upsample information.
  • step S338 When the process of step S338 is completed, the upsampling process is terminated, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S335 If it is determined in step S335 that the current picture is upsampled on a frame basis, for example, if the current picture is a picture with no time difference between fields, the process proceeds to step S339.
  • step S339 the frame base upsampler 335 reads the base layer decoded image data stored in the base layer decoded image buffer 332 by the processing in step S332 via the upsample switching unit 333, and the base layer decoded image of the base layer decoded image is read. Upsample the current picture on a frame basis. That is, the frame base upsampler 335 upsamples the current picture of the base layer decoded image as a frame.
  • the frame base upsampler 335 further generates upsample information that is information about the upsample.
  • This upsampling information includes upsampling method identification information indicating that the upsampling has been performed on a frame basis, and phase information (that is, one phase information) regarding the upsampling of the frame.
  • step S340 the frame base upsampler 335 supplies the upsampled image generated by the processing in step S339 (upsampled on the frame base) to the frame memory 361 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303.
  • step S341 the upsample information supply unit 336 supplies the upsample information generated by the process of step S339 to the lossless encoding unit 355 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303. That is, the upsample information supply unit 336 supplies upsample method identification information and one phase information as upsample information.
  • step S341 ends, the upsampling process ends, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the frame memory 361 of the enhancement layer image encoding unit 303 upsamples the base layer decoded image supplied in step S351 by the process of step S337 or step S340 of FIG. Get an image.
  • step S352 the frame memory 361 stores the upsampled image acquired in step S351.
  • corresponds to each process of step S311 thru
  • each process of FIG. 39 is performed with respect to the base layer, whereas each process of FIG. 41 is performed with respect to the enhancement layer.
  • step S365 the lossless encoding unit 355 acquires the upsample information supplied in step S338 or step S341 of FIG.
  • step S366 to step S368 corresponds to each process of step S323 to step S325 of FIG. 39 and is executed basically in the same manner as those processes. However, each process of FIG. 39 is performed with respect to the base layer, whereas each process of FIG. 41 is performed with respect to the enhancement layer.
  • the lossless encoding unit 355 also includes the upsample information acquired in step S365 in the encoded stream (its header information and the like). That is, the upsample information acquired in step S375 is also transmitted to the decoding side of the encoded stream.
  • step S368 When the process of step S368 is finished, the enhancement layer encoding process is finished, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the image encoding device 300 can suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency. In other words, the image encoding device 300 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to encoding / decoding.
  • up-sampling may be controlled in the decoding apparatus basically in the same manner as in the case of the encoding apparatus described in the fourth or fifth embodiment. However, in the case of a decoding apparatus, up-sampling may be controlled using up-sampling information supplied from the encoding side.
  • FIG. 42 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of an image decoding apparatus corresponding to the image encoding apparatus 300 in FIG. 34, which is an aspect of an image processing apparatus to which the present technology is applied.
  • the image decoding apparatus 400 shown in FIG. 42 decodes the encoded data generated by the image encoding apparatus 300 by a decoding method corresponding to the encoding method (that is, hierarchically encoded encoded data) To do).
  • the image decoding apparatus 400 includes a demultiplexing unit 401, a base layer image decoding unit 402, an upsampling unit 403, and an enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • the demultiplexing unit 401 receives a layered image encoded stream in which a base layer image encoded stream and an enhancement layer image encoded stream are multiplexed transmitted from the encoding side, demultiplexes them, An image encoded stream and an enhancement layer image encoded stream are extracted.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 decodes the base layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 401 to obtain a base layer image (decoded image).
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 outputs the obtained base layer image to the outside of the image decoding device 400. Also, the base layer image decoding unit 402 supplies the base layer decoded image obtained in the decoding of the base layer to the upsampling unit 403.
  • the upsampling unit 403 performs upsampling processing on the low-resolution base layer decoded image supplied from the base layer image decoding unit 402, and generates an upsampled image having the same resolution as the enhancement layer image. At that time, the up-sampling unit 403 converts the up-sampling of each frame of the base layer decoded image into a scanning scheme frame rate conversion process (for example, 2: 3 pull-up process) performed on the base layer image on the encoding side. Perform according to the method. That is, the upsampling unit 403 upsamples the base layer decoded image by a method based on the upsampling information supplied from the image coding apparatus 300. The upsample information is supplied from the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • the upsampling unit 403 supplies the generated upsampled image to the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 decodes the enhancement layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 401, and obtains an enhancement layer image (decoded image) having a resolution higher than that of the base layer image.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 uses the upsampled image supplied from the upsampling unit 403 as a reference image for prediction processing and the like.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 outputs the obtained enhancement layer image to the outside of the image decoding device 400.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 extracts upsample information from the enhancement layer image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 401, and supplies it to the upsampler unit 403.
  • FIG. 43 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the base layer image decoding unit 402 of FIG.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 includes a storage buffer 411, a lossless decoding unit 412, an inverse quantization unit 413, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 414, a calculation unit 415, a loop filter 416, and a screen rearrangement buffer 417.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 includes a frame memory 418, a selection unit 419, an intra prediction unit 420, an inter prediction unit 421, and a predicted image selection unit 422.
  • the accumulation buffer 411 is also a receiving unit that receives transmitted encoded data (a base layer image encoded stream supplied from the demultiplexing unit 401).
  • the accumulation buffer 411 receives and accumulates the transmitted encoded data, and supplies the encoded data to the lossless decoding unit 412 at a predetermined timing.
  • Information necessary for decoding such as prediction mode information is added to the encoded data.
  • the lossless decoding unit 412 decodes the information supplied from the accumulation buffer 411 and encoded by the lossless encoding unit 315 using a decoding method corresponding to the encoding method.
  • the lossless decoding unit 412 supplies the quantized coefficient data of the difference image obtained by decoding to the inverse quantization unit 413.
  • the lossless decoding unit 412 determines whether the intra prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode or the inter prediction mode is selected, and information on the optimal prediction mode is stored in the intra prediction unit 420 and the inter prediction unit 421. It is supplied to the mode determined to be selected. That is, for example, when the intra prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode on the encoding side, information (intra prediction mode information) regarding the optimal prediction mode is supplied to the intra prediction unit 420. For example, when the inter prediction mode is selected as the optimal prediction mode on the encoding side, information (inter prediction mode information) regarding the optimal prediction mode is supplied to the inter prediction unit 421.
  • the lossless decoding unit 412 extracts information necessary for inverse quantization, such as a quantization matrix and a quantization parameter, from the encoded data, and supplies the extracted information to the inverse quantization unit 413.
  • the inverse quantization unit 413 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient data obtained by decoding by the lossless decoding unit 412 using a method corresponding to the quantization method of the quantization unit 314.
  • the inverse quantization unit 413 is a processing unit similar to the inverse quantization unit 317.
  • the inverse quantization unit 413 supplies the obtained coefficient data (orthogonal transform coefficient) to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the orthogonal transform coefficient supplied from the inverse quantization unit 413 by a method corresponding to the orthogonal transform method of the orthogonal transform unit 313 as necessary.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414 is a processing unit similar to the inverse orthogonal transform unit 318.
  • the image data of the difference image is restored by this inverse orthogonal transform process.
  • the restored image data of the difference image corresponds to the image data of the difference image before being orthogonally transformed on the encoding side.
  • the restored image data of the difference image obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform process of the inverse orthogonal transform unit 234 is also referred to as decoded residual data.
  • the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414 supplies the decoded residual data to the calculation unit 415.
  • the image data of the predicted image is supplied from the intra prediction unit 420 or the inter prediction unit 421 to the calculation unit 415 via the predicted image selection unit 422.
  • the calculation unit 415 uses the decoded residual data and the image data of the predicted image to obtain image data of a reconstructed image obtained by adding the difference image and the predicted image. This reconstructed image corresponds to the input image before the predicted image is subtracted by the calculation unit 312. The calculation unit 415 supplies the reconstructed image to the loop filter 416.
  • the loop filter 416 appropriately performs loop filter processing including deblock filter processing and adaptive loop filter processing on the supplied reconstructed image to generate a decoded image.
  • the loop filter 416 removes block distortion by performing deblocking filter processing on the reconstructed image.
  • the loop filter 416 performs image quality improvement by performing loop filter processing using a Wiener filter on the deblock filter processing result (reconstructed image from which block distortion has been removed). I do.
  • the type of filter processing performed by the loop filter 416 is arbitrary, and filter processing other than that described above may be performed. Further, the loop filter 416 may perform a filter process using the filter coefficient supplied from the image encoding device. Furthermore, the loop filter 416 can omit such filter processing and output the input data without performing the filter processing.
  • the loop filter 416 supplies the decoded image (or reconstructed image) as the filter processing result to the screen rearrangement buffer 417 and the frame memory 418.
  • the screen rearrangement buffer 417 rearranges the frame order of the decoded image. That is, the screen rearrangement buffer 417 rearranges the images of the frames rearranged in the encoding order by the screen rearrangement buffer 311 in the original display order. That is, the screen rearrangement buffer 417 stores the image data of the decoded image of each frame supplied in the encoding order, reads the image data of the decoded image of each frame stored in the encoding order in the display order, and outputs it. To do.
  • the frame memory 418 stores the supplied decoded image, and uses the stored decoded image as a reference image at a predetermined timing or based on an external request such as the intra prediction unit 420 or the inter prediction unit 421.
  • the data is supplied to the intra prediction unit 420 and the inter prediction unit 421 via the selection unit 419.
  • Intra prediction mode information and the like are appropriately supplied from the lossless decoding unit 412 to the intra prediction unit 420.
  • the intra prediction unit 420 performs intra prediction in the intra prediction mode (optimum intra prediction mode) used in the intra prediction unit 323, and generates a predicted image.
  • the intra prediction unit 420 performs intra prediction using the image data of the reconstructed image supplied from the frame memory 418 via the selection unit 419. That is, the intra prediction unit 420 uses this reconstructed image as a reference image (neighboring pixels).
  • the intra prediction unit 420 supplies the generated predicted image to the predicted image selection unit 422.
  • the inter prediction unit 421 is appropriately supplied with optimal prediction mode information, motion information, and the like from the lossless decoding unit 412.
  • the inter prediction unit 421 performs inter prediction using the decoded image (reference image) acquired from the frame memory 418 in the inter prediction mode (optimum inter prediction mode) indicated by the optimal prediction mode information acquired from the lossless decoding unit 412. Generate a predicted image.
  • the prediction image selection unit 422 supplies the prediction image supplied from the intra prediction unit 420 or the prediction image supplied from the inter prediction unit 421 to the calculation unit 415. Then, in the calculation unit 415, the predicted image and the decoded residual data (difference image information) from the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414 are added to obtain a reconstructed image.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 performs decoding without referring to other layers. That is, the intra prediction unit 420 and the inter prediction unit 421 do not use decoded images of other layers as reference images.
  • the frame memory 418 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 403 in order to use the decoded base layer image for enhancement layer decoding.
  • FIG. 44 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the upsampling unit 403 in FIG.
  • the upsample unit 403 includes a base layer decoded image buffer 431, an upsample switching unit 432, an upsample information buffer 433, a field base upsampler 434, and a frame base upsampler 435.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 431 is a storage unit having an arbitrary storage medium such as a RAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 431 acquires and stores the base layer decoded image supplied from the frame memory 418 of the base layer image decoding unit 402, for example.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 431 reads the stored base layer decoded image at a predetermined timing, for example, or based on a predetermined event such as an instruction from the outside of another processing unit or a user, for example. This is supplied to the upsample switching unit 432.
  • the upsample switching unit 432 Based on the upsample information transmitted from the encoding side, the upsample switching unit 432, as described in the fourth embodiment, the upsample of the base layer decoded image read from the base layer decoded image buffer 431. Select a method. That is, the base layer decoded image buffer 431 switches the supply destination (upsampling method) of the base layer decoded image (selects the supply destination (upsampling method)).
  • the upsample switching unit 432 When the upsample switching unit 432 reads the upsample information stored in the upsample information buffer 433, the upsample switching unit 432 converts the base layer decoded image read from the base layer decoded image buffer 431 into the field base up based on the upsample information. This is supplied to one of the sampler 434 and the frame base up sampler 435 (the selected one).
  • the up-sample switching unit 432 supplies the base layer decoded image to the field base up-sampler 434. Also, the upsample switching unit 432 supplies the base layer decoded image to the frame base upsampler 435 when upsampling the current picture to be processed on a frame basis.
  • the upsample information buffer 433 is a storage unit having an arbitrary storage medium such as a RAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the upsample information buffer 433 acquires and stores the upsample information (upsample information transmitted from the encoding side) supplied from the lossless decoding unit 452 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404, for example.
  • the upsample information buffer 433 reads out the stored upsample information at a predetermined timing, for example, based on a predetermined event such as an instruction from the outside such as another processing unit or a user, and upsamples it. This is supplied to the switching unit 432.
  • the field base upsampler 434 upsamples the base layer decoded image supplied from the upsample switching unit 432 on a field basis to generate an upsampled image.
  • the field base upsampler 434 supplies the generated upsampled image to the frame memory 458 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • the frame base upsampler 435 upsamples the base layer decoded image supplied from the upsample switching unit 432 on a frame basis to generate an upsampled image.
  • the frame base upsampler 435 supplies the generated upsampled image to the frame memory 458 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 45, the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 has basically the same configuration as the base layer image decoding unit 402 of FIG.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 includes, as shown in FIG. 45, a storage buffer 451, a lossless decoding unit 452, an inverse quantization unit 453, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 454, a calculation unit 455, a loop filter 456, and a screen arrangement.
  • a replacement buffer 457 is provided.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 includes a frame memory 458, a selection unit 459, an intra prediction unit 460, an inter prediction unit 461, and a predicted image selection unit 462.
  • accumulation buffer 451 through predicted image selection unit 462 correspond to the storage buffer 411 through predicted image selection unit 422 in FIG. 43, and perform the same processing as the corresponding processing unit, respectively.
  • each unit of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 performs processing for encoding enhancement layer image information, not the base layer. Therefore, as the description of the processing of the storage buffer 451 to the predicted image selection unit 462, the description of the storage buffer 411 to the predicted image selection unit 422 of FIG. 43 described above can be applied.
  • the data to be processed is It should be enhancement layer data, not base layer data.
  • the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 performs decoding with reference to a decoded image of another layer (for example, a base layer).
  • the frame memory 458 stores the upsample image supplied from the upsample unit 403.
  • the frame memory 458 supplies the base layer decoded image as a reference image to the intra prediction unit 460 or the inter prediction unit 461 via the selection unit 459 in the intra BL mode, the reference index mode, or the like.
  • the lossless decoding unit 452 extracts the upsample information transmitted from the encoding side from the enhancement layer image encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 451, and supplies it to the upsampling unit 403 (decoding side). To transmit).
  • the image decoding apparatus 400 suppresses the reduction in the encoding efficiency. Can do. In other words, the image decoding apparatus 400 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • step S401 the demultiplexing unit 401 of the image decoding device 400 reverses the hierarchical image encoded stream obtained by multiplexing the encoded stream of each layer transmitted from the encoding side. Multiplexed and converted into an encoded stream for each layer.
  • step S402 the base layer image decoding unit 402 decodes the base layer image encoded stream obtained in step S401.
  • the base layer image decoding unit 402 outputs base layer image data generated by this decoding.
  • step S403 the upsampling unit 403 upsamples the base layer decoded image obtained in the process of step S402 based on the upsample information supplied from the encoding side, and generates an upsampled image.
  • step S404 the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 decodes the enhancement layer image encoded stream obtained in step S401. At that time, the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 performs decoding using the upsampled image obtained by the process of step S403. The enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 outputs enhancement layer image data generated by this decoding.
  • step S404 the image decoding device 400 ends the image decoding process.
  • One picture is processed by such an image decoding process. Therefore, the image decoding apparatus 400 repeatedly executes such image decoding processing for each picture of the hierarchized moving image data. However, it is not necessary to perform processing for all pictures, and processing that can be omitted may be omitted as appropriate.
  • step S411 the accumulation buffer 411 of the base layer image decoding unit 402 accumulates the transmitted base layer encoded stream.
  • the lossless decoding unit 412 decodes the base layer encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 411. That is, image data such as an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture encoded by the lossless encoding unit 315 is decoded. At this time, various information other than the image data included in the bit stream such as header information is also decoded.
  • step S413 the inverse quantization unit 413 inversely quantizes the quantized coefficient obtained by the process in step S412.
  • step S414 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 414 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the coefficient inversely quantized in step S413.
  • step S415 the intra prediction unit 420 and the inter prediction unit 421 perform prediction processing to generate a predicted image. That is, the prediction process is performed in the prediction mode applied at the time of encoding, which is determined by the lossless decoding unit 412. More specifically, for example, when intra prediction is applied at the time of encoding, the intra prediction unit 420 generates a prediction image in the intra prediction mode optimized at the time of encoding. Further, for example, when inter prediction is applied at the time of encoding, the inter prediction unit 421 generates a prediction image in the inter prediction mode that is optimized at the time of encoding.
  • step S416 the calculation unit 415 adds the predicted image generated in step S415 to the difference image obtained by the inverse orthogonal transform in step S414. Thereby, image data of the reconstructed image is obtained.
  • step S417 the loop filter 416 appropriately performs a loop filter process including a deblock filter process and an adaptive loop filter process on the image data of the reconstructed image obtained by the process of step S416.
  • step S4108 the screen rearrangement buffer 417 rearranges each frame of the reconstructed image filtered in step S417. That is, the order of frames rearranged at the time of encoding is rearranged in the original display order and output.
  • step S419 the frame memory 418 stores data such as a decoded image obtained by the process of step S417 and a reconstructed image obtained by the process of step S416.
  • step S420 the frame memory 418 supplies the stored base layer decoded image to the upsampling unit 403.
  • step S420 the base layer decoding process is terminated, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the base layer decoded image buffer 431 of the upsampling unit 403 acquires the base layer decoded image data supplied by the process of step S420 of FIG. 47 in step S431.
  • step S432 the base layer decoded image buffer 431 stores the data of the base layer decoded image acquired by the process of step S431.
  • step S433 the upsample information buffer 433 acquires the upsample information supplied from the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • the upsample information buffer 433 stores the upsample information acquired by the process of step S433.
  • This up-sampling information is transmitted from the encoding side, and includes information related to up-sampling processing at the time of encoding.
  • this upsampling information includes upsampling method identification information indicating whether upsampling processing has been performed on a field basis or a frame basis, and (one (Or two) phase information and the like are included.
  • step S435 the upsample switching unit 432 reads the upsample information stored in the upsample information buffer 433 by the processing in step S434 from the upsample information buffer 433, and is the processing target based on the upsample information. It is determined whether to upsample the current picture on a field basis.
  • the upsample switching unit 432 selects whether to upsample the current picture on a field basis or on a frame basis, as described in the fourth embodiment, based on the upsample information. For example, when it is determined that upsampling of the current picture is performed on a field basis, such as when the current picture is a picture having a time difference between fields, the process proceeds to step S436.
  • step S436 the field base upsampler 434 reads the base layer decoded image data stored in the base layer decoded image buffer 431 by the processing in step S432 via the upsample switching unit 432, and the base layer decoded image of the base layer decoded image is read. Upsample the current picture on a field basis. That is, the field base upsampler 434 upsamples the first field (top field) and the second field (bottom field) of the current picture of the base layer decoded image.
  • step S437 the field base upsampler 434 supplies the upsampled image generated by the processing in step S436 (upsampled by the field base) to the frame memory 458 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • step S437 When the process of step S437 is completed, the upsampling process is terminated, and the process returns to FIG.
  • step S435 If it is determined in step S435 that the current picture is up-sampled on a frame basis, for example, if the current picture is a picture with no time difference between fields, the process proceeds to step S438.
  • step S438 the frame base upsampler 435 reads the base layer decoded image data stored in the base layer decoded image buffer 431 by the processing in step S432 via the upsample switching unit 432, and the base layer decoded image of the base layer decoded image is read. Upsample the current picture on a frame basis. That is, the frame base upsampler 435 upsamples the current picture of the base layer decoded image as a frame.
  • step S439 the frame base upsampler 435 supplies the upsampled image generated by the processing in step S438 (upsampled on the frame base) to the frame memory 458 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • step S439 When the process of step S439 is completed, the upsampling process is terminated, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the accumulation buffer 451 of the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404 accumulates the transmitted enhancement layer encoded stream in step S451.
  • step S452 the lossless decoding unit 452 decodes the enhancement layer encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 451. That is, image data such as an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture encoded by the lossless encoding unit 355 is decoded. At this time, various information other than the image data included in the bit stream such as header information is also decoded.
  • step S453 the lossless decoding unit 452 extracts upsample information from the enhancement layer encoded stream supplied from the accumulation buffer 451 and supplies it to the upsampler unit 403.
  • the upsampling unit 403 performs upsampling of the base layer decoded image using this upsampling information, and generates an upsampled image. Then, the upsampled image is supplied to the enhancement layer image decoding unit 404.
  • step S454 the frame memory 458 acquires the upsampled image obtained by the processing in step S403 (FIG. 46).
  • step S455 the frame memory 458 stores the upsampled image acquired in step S454.
  • step S456 to step S462 corresponds to each process of step S413 to step S419 in FIG. 47, and is executed basically in the same manner as those processes. However, each process of FIG. 47 is performed with respect to the base layer, whereas each process of FIG. 49 is performed with respect to the enhancement layer.
  • step S462 ends, the enhancement layer decoding process ends, and the process returns to FIG.
  • the image decoding apparatus 400 can suppress a reduction in encoding efficiency. In other words, the image decoding apparatus 400 can suppress a reduction in image quality due to decoding.
  • the applicable range of the present technology can be applied to any image encoding device and image decoding device based on a scalable encoding / decoding method.
  • this technology is, for example, MPEG, H.264.
  • image information bitstream
  • orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and motion compensation, such as 26x
  • network media such as satellite broadcasting, cable television, the Internet, or mobile phones.
  • the present invention can be applied to an image encoding device and an image decoding device used in the above.
  • the present technology can be applied to an image encoding device and an image decoding device that are used when processing on a storage medium such as an optical, magnetic disk, and flash memory.
  • FIG. 50 shows an example of a multi-view image encoding method.
  • the multi-viewpoint image includes images of a plurality of viewpoints (views).
  • the multiple views of this multi-viewpoint image are encoded using the base view that encodes and decodes using only the image of its own view without using the information of other views, and the information of other views.
  • -It consists of a non-base view that performs decoding.
  • Non-base view encoding / decoding may use base view information or other non-base view information.
  • the reference relationship between views in multi-view image encoding / decoding is the same as the reference relationship between layers in hierarchical image encoding / decoding. Therefore, the above-described method may be applied in encoding / decoding of a multi-view image as shown in FIG. That is, in encoding / decoding of image data including a plurality of layers, a plurality of pieces of color difference phase information relating to the phase of the color difference signal may be generated and transmitted. By doing in this way, similarly in the case of a multi-viewpoint image, it is possible to suppress a reduction in image quality due to encoding and decoding.
  • FIG. 51 is a diagram illustrating a multi-view image encoding apparatus that performs the multi-view image encoding described above.
  • the multi-view image encoding apparatus 600 includes an encoding unit 601, an encoding unit 602, and a multiplexing unit 603.
  • the encoding unit 601 encodes the base view image and generates a base view image encoded stream.
  • the encoding unit 602 encodes the non-base view image and generates a non-base view image encoded stream.
  • the multiplexing unit 603 multiplexes the base view image encoded stream generated by the encoding unit 601 and the non-base view image encoded stream generated by the encoding unit 602 to generate a multi-view image encoded stream. To do.
  • FIG. 52 is a diagram illustrating a multi-view image decoding apparatus that performs the above-described multi-view image decoding.
  • the multi-view image decoding device 610 includes a demultiplexing unit 611, a decoding unit 612, and a decoding unit 613.
  • the demultiplexing unit 611 demultiplexes the multi-view image encoded stream in which the base view image encoded stream and the non-base view image encoded stream are multiplexed, and the base view image encoded stream and the non-base view image The encoded stream is extracted.
  • the decoding unit 612 decodes the base view image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 611 to obtain a base view image.
  • the decoding unit 613 decodes the non-base view image encoded stream extracted by the demultiplexing unit 611 to obtain a non-base view image.
  • the series of processes described above can be executed by hardware or can be executed by software.
  • a program constituting the software is installed in the computer.
  • the computer includes, for example, a general-purpose personal computer that can execute various functions by installing a computer incorporated in dedicated hardware and various programs.
  • FIG. 53 is a block diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a computer that executes the above-described series of processing by a program.
  • a CPU Central Processing Unit
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • An input / output interface 810 is also connected to the bus 804.
  • An input unit 811, an output unit 812, a storage unit 813, a communication unit 814, and a drive 815 are connected to the input / output interface 810.
  • the input unit 811 includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a touch panel, an input terminal, and the like.
  • the output unit 812 includes, for example, a display, a speaker, an output terminal, and the like.
  • the storage unit 813 includes, for example, a hard disk, a RAM disk, a nonvolatile memory, and the like.
  • the communication unit 814 includes a network interface, for example.
  • the drive 815 drives a removable medium 821 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
  • the CPU 801 loads the program stored in the storage unit 813 into the RAM 803 via the input / output interface 810 and the bus 804 and executes the program, for example. Is performed.
  • the RAM 803 also appropriately stores data necessary for the CPU 801 to execute various processes.
  • the program executed by the computer (CPU 801) can be recorded and applied to, for example, a removable medium 821 as a package medium or the like.
  • the program can be installed in the storage unit 813 via the input / output interface 810 by attaching the removable medium 821 to the drive 815.
  • This program can also be provided via a wired or wireless transmission medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting. In that case, the program can be received by the communication unit 814 and installed in the storage unit 813.
  • a wired or wireless transmission medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting.
  • the program can be received by the communication unit 814 and installed in the storage unit 813.
  • this program can be installed in advance in the ROM 802 or the storage unit 813.
  • the program executed by the computer may be a program that is processed in time series in the order described in this specification, or in parallel or at a necessary timing such as when a call is made. It may be a program for processing.
  • the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in chronological order according to the described order, but may be performed in parallel or It also includes processes that are executed individually.
  • the system means a set of a plurality of components (devices, modules (parts), etc.), and it does not matter whether all the components are in the same housing. Accordingly, a plurality of devices housed in separate housings and connected via a network and a single device housing a plurality of modules in one housing are all systems. .
  • the configuration described as one device (or processing unit) may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices (or processing units).
  • the configurations described above as a plurality of devices (or processing units) may be combined into a single device (or processing unit).
  • a configuration other than that described above may be added to the configuration of each device (or each processing unit).
  • a part of the configuration of a certain device (or processing unit) may be included in the configuration of another device (or other processing unit). .
  • the present technology can take a configuration of cloud computing in which one function is shared by a plurality of devices via a network and is jointly processed.
  • each step described in the above flowchart can be executed by one device or can be shared by a plurality of devices.
  • the plurality of processes included in the one step can be executed by being shared by a plurality of apparatuses in addition to being executed by one apparatus.
  • the image encoding device and the image decoding device include, for example, a transmitter or a receiver in cable broadcasting such as satellite broadcasting and cable TV, distribution on the Internet, and distribution to terminals by cellular communication
  • the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices such as a recording device that records an image on a medium such as an optical disk, a magnetic disk, and a flash memory, or a playback device that reproduces an image from these storage media.
  • a recording device that records an image on a medium such as an optical disk, a magnetic disk, and a flash memory
  • a playback device that reproduces an image from these storage media.
  • FIG. 54 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a television apparatus to which the above-described embodiment is applied.
  • the television apparatus 900 includes an antenna 901, a tuner 902, a demultiplexer 903, a decoder 904, a video signal processing unit 905, a display unit 906, an audio signal processing unit 907, a speaker 908, an external interface (I / F) unit 909, and a control unit. 910, a user interface (I / F) unit 911, and a bus 912.
  • Tuner 902 extracts a signal of a desired channel from a broadcast signal received via antenna 901, and demodulates the extracted signal. Then, the tuner 902 outputs the encoded bit stream obtained by the demodulation to the demultiplexer 903. That is, the tuner 902 has a role as a transmission unit in the television device 900 that receives an encoded stream in which an image is encoded.
  • the demultiplexer 903 separates the video stream and audio stream of the viewing target program from the encoded bit stream, and outputs each separated stream to the decoder 904. Further, the demultiplexer 903 extracts auxiliary data such as EPG (Electronic Program Guide) from the encoded bit stream, and supplies the extracted data to the control unit 910. Note that the demultiplexer 903 may perform descrambling when the encoded bit stream is scrambled.
  • EPG Electronic Program Guide
  • the decoder 904 decodes the video stream and audio stream input from the demultiplexer 903. Then, the decoder 904 outputs the video data generated by the decoding process to the video signal processing unit 905. In addition, the decoder 904 outputs audio data generated by the decoding process to the audio signal processing unit 907.
  • the video signal processing unit 905 reproduces the video data input from the decoder 904 and causes the display unit 906 to display the video.
  • the video signal processing unit 905 may cause the display unit 906 to display an application screen supplied via a network.
  • the video signal processing unit 905 may perform additional processing such as noise removal on the video data according to the setting.
  • the video signal processing unit 905 may generate a GUI (Graphical User Interface) image such as a menu, a button, or a cursor, and superimpose the generated image on the output image.
  • GUI Graphic User Interface
  • the display unit 906 is driven by a drive signal supplied from the video signal processing unit 905, and displays an image on a video screen of a display device (for example, a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, or an OELD (Organic ElectroLuminescence Display) (organic EL display)). Or an image is displayed.
  • a display device for example, a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, or an OELD (Organic ElectroLuminescence Display) (organic EL display)). Or an image is displayed.
  • the audio signal processing unit 907 performs reproduction processing such as D / A conversion and amplification on the audio data input from the decoder 904, and outputs audio from the speaker 908.
  • the audio signal processing unit 907 may perform additional processing such as noise removal on the audio data.
  • the external interface unit 909 is an interface for connecting the television device 900 to an external device or a network.
  • a video stream or an audio stream received via the external interface unit 909 may be decoded by the decoder 904. That is, the external interface unit 909 also has a role as a transmission unit in the television apparatus 900 that receives an encoded stream in which an image is encoded.
  • the control unit 910 includes a processor such as a CPU and memories such as a RAM and a ROM.
  • the memory stores a program executed by the CPU, program data, EPG data, data acquired via a network, and the like.
  • the program stored in the memory is read and executed by the CPU when the television apparatus 900 is activated.
  • the CPU controls the operation of the television device 900 according to an operation signal input from the user interface unit 911 by executing the program.
  • the user interface unit 911 is connected to the control unit 910.
  • the user interface unit 911 includes, for example, buttons and switches for the user to operate the television device 900, a remote control signal receiving unit, and the like.
  • the user interface unit 911 detects an operation by the user via these components, generates an operation signal, and outputs the generated operation signal to the control unit 910.
  • the bus 912 connects the tuner 902, the demultiplexer 903, the decoder 904, the video signal processing unit 905, the audio signal processing unit 907, the external interface unit 909, and the control unit 910 to each other.
  • the decoder 904 has the function of the image decoding device (for example, the image decoding device 200 or the image decoding device 400) according to the above-described embodiment. Thereby, reduction in image quality due to image decoding in the television device 900 can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 55 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a mobile phone to which the above-described embodiment is applied.
  • a cellular phone 920 includes an antenna 921, a communication unit 922, an audio codec 923, a speaker 924, a microphone 925, a camera unit 926, an image processing unit 927, a demultiplexing unit 928, a recording / reproducing unit 929, a display unit 930, a control unit 931, an operation A portion 932 and a bus 933.
  • the antenna 921 is connected to the communication unit 922.
  • the speaker 924 and the microphone 925 are connected to the audio codec 923.
  • the operation unit 932 is connected to the control unit 931.
  • the bus 933 connects the communication unit 922, the audio codec 923, the camera unit 926, the image processing unit 927, the demultiplexing unit 928, the recording / reproducing unit 929, the display unit 930, and the control unit 931 to each other.
  • the mobile phone 920 has various operation modes including a voice call mode, a data communication mode, a shooting mode, and a videophone mode, and is used for sending and receiving voice signals, sending and receiving e-mail or image data, taking images, and recording data. Perform the action.
  • the analog voice signal generated by the microphone 925 is supplied to the voice codec 923.
  • the audio codec 923 converts an analog audio signal into audio data, A / D converts the compressed audio data, and compresses it. Then, the audio codec 923 outputs the compressed audio data to the communication unit 922.
  • the communication unit 922 encodes and modulates the audio data and generates a transmission signal. Then, the communication unit 922 transmits the generated transmission signal to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 921. In addition, the communication unit 922 amplifies a radio signal received via the antenna 921 and performs frequency conversion to acquire a received signal.
  • the communication unit 922 demodulates and decodes the received signal to generate audio data, and outputs the generated audio data to the audio codec 923.
  • the audio codec 923 decompresses the audio data and performs D / A conversion to generate an analog audio signal. Then, the audio codec 923 supplies the generated audio signal to the speaker 924 to output audio.
  • the control unit 931 generates character data constituting the e-mail in response to an operation by the user via the operation unit 932.
  • the control unit 931 causes the display unit 930 to display characters.
  • the control unit 931 generates e-mail data in response to a transmission instruction from the user via the operation unit 932, and outputs the generated e-mail data to the communication unit 922.
  • the communication unit 922 encodes and modulates email data and generates a transmission signal. Then, the communication unit 922 transmits the generated transmission signal to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 921.
  • the communication unit 922 amplifies a radio signal received via the antenna 921 and performs frequency conversion to acquire a received signal.
  • the communication unit 922 demodulates and decodes the received signal to restore the email data, and outputs the restored email data to the control unit 931.
  • the control unit 931 displays the content of the electronic mail on the display unit 930, supplies the electronic mail data to the recording / reproducing unit 929, and writes the data in the storage medium.
  • the recording / reproducing unit 929 has an arbitrary readable / writable storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be a built-in storage medium such as a RAM or a flash memory, or an externally mounted type such as a hard disk, magnetic disk, magneto-optical disk, optical disk, USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, or memory card. It may be a storage medium.
  • the camera unit 926 images a subject to generate image data, and outputs the generated image data to the image processing unit 927.
  • the image processing unit 927 encodes the image data input from the camera unit 926, supplies the encoded stream to the recording / reproducing unit 929, and writes the encoded stream in the storage medium.
  • the recording / reproducing unit 929 reads out the encoded stream recorded in the storage medium and outputs the encoded stream to the image processing unit 927.
  • the image processing unit 927 decodes the encoded stream input from the recording / reproducing unit 929, supplies the image data to the display unit 930, and displays the image.
  • the demultiplexing unit 928 multiplexes the video stream encoded by the image processing unit 927 and the audio stream input from the audio codec 923, and the multiplexed stream is the communication unit 922. Output to.
  • the communication unit 922 encodes and modulates the stream and generates a transmission signal. Then, the communication unit 922 transmits the generated transmission signal to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 921.
  • the communication unit 922 amplifies a radio signal received via the antenna 921 and performs frequency conversion to acquire a received signal.
  • These transmission signal and reception signal may include an encoded bit stream.
  • the communication unit 922 demodulates and decodes the received signal to restore the stream, and outputs the restored stream to the demultiplexing unit 928.
  • the demultiplexing unit 928 separates the video stream and the audio stream from the input stream, and outputs the video stream to the image processing unit 927 and the audio stream to the audio codec 923.
  • the image processing unit 927 decodes the video stream and generates video data.
  • the video data is supplied to the display unit 930, and a series of images is displayed on the display unit 930.
  • the audio codec 923 decompresses the audio stream and performs D / A conversion to generate an analog audio signal. Then, the audio codec 923 supplies the generated audio signal to the speaker 924 to output audio.
  • the image processing unit 927 includes an image encoding device (for example, the image encoding device 100 or the image encoding device 300) or an image decoding device (for example, image decoding) according to the above-described embodiment. Functions of the apparatus 200 and the image decoding apparatus 400). Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a reduction in image quality due to image encoding or decoding on the mobile phone 920.
  • FIG. 56 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a recording / reproducing apparatus to which the above-described embodiment is applied.
  • the recording / reproducing device 940 encodes audio data and video data of a received broadcast program and records the encoded data on a recording medium.
  • the recording / reproducing device 940 may encode audio data and video data acquired from another device and record them on a recording medium, for example.
  • the recording / reproducing device 940 reproduces data recorded on the recording medium on a monitor and a speaker, for example, in accordance with a user instruction. At this time, the recording / reproducing device 940 decodes the audio data and the video data.
  • the recording / reproducing apparatus 940 includes a tuner 941, an external interface (I / F) unit 942, an encoder 943, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 944, a disk drive 945, a selector 946, a decoder 947, an OSD (On-Screen Display) 948, and a control. Part 949 and a user interface (I / F) part 950.
  • I / F external interface
  • Tuner 941 extracts a signal of a desired channel from a broadcast signal received via an antenna (not shown), and demodulates the extracted signal. Then, the tuner 941 outputs the encoded bit stream obtained by the demodulation to the selector 946. That is, the tuner 941 serves as a transmission unit in the recording / reproducing apparatus 940.
  • the external interface unit 942 is an interface for connecting the recording / reproducing device 940 to an external device or a network.
  • the external interface unit 942 may be, for example, an IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 1394 interface, a network interface, a USB interface, or a flash memory interface.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 1394 interface
  • a network interface e.g., a USB interface
  • a flash memory interface e.g., a flash memory interface.
  • video data and audio data received via the external interface unit 942 are input to the encoder 943. That is, the external interface unit 942 has a role as a transmission unit in the recording / reproducing apparatus 940.
  • the encoder 943 encodes video data and audio data when the video data and audio data input from the external interface unit 942 are not encoded. Then, the encoder 943 outputs the encoded bit stream to the selector 946.
  • the HDD 944 records an encoded bit stream in which content data such as video and audio are compressed, various programs, and other data on an internal hard disk. Further, the HDD 944 reads out these data from the hard disk when reproducing video and audio.
  • the disk drive 945 performs recording and reading of data to and from the mounted recording medium.
  • Recording media mounted on the disk drive 945 are, for example, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) discs (DVD-Video, DVD-RAM (DVD -Random Access Memory), DVD-R (DVD-Recordable), DVD-RW (DVD-). Rewritable), DVD + R (DVD + Recordable), DVD + RW (DVD + Rewritable), etc.) or Blu-ray (registered trademark) disc.
  • the selector 946 selects an encoded bit stream input from the tuner 941 or the encoder 943 when recording video and audio, and outputs the selected encoded bit stream to the HDD 944 or the disk drive 945. In addition, the selector 946 outputs the encoded bit stream input from the HDD 944 or the disk drive 945 to the decoder 947 during video and audio reproduction.
  • the decoder 947 decodes the encoded bit stream and generates video data and audio data. Then, the decoder 947 outputs the generated video data to the OSD 948. The decoder 947 outputs the generated audio data to an external speaker.
  • OSD 948 reproduces the video data input from the decoder 947 and displays the video. Further, the OSD 948 may superimpose a GUI image such as a menu, a button, or a cursor on the video to be displayed.
  • the control unit 949 includes a processor such as a CPU and memories such as a RAM and a ROM.
  • the memory stores a program executed by the CPU, program data, and the like.
  • the program stored in the memory is read and executed by the CPU when the recording / reproducing apparatus 940 is activated, for example.
  • the CPU executes the program to control the operation of the recording / reproducing device 940 in accordance with, for example, an operation signal input from the user interface unit 950.
  • the user interface unit 950 is connected to the control unit 949.
  • the user interface unit 950 includes, for example, buttons and switches for the user to operate the recording / reproducing device 940, a remote control signal receiving unit, and the like.
  • the user interface unit 950 detects an operation by the user via these components, generates an operation signal, and outputs the generated operation signal to the control unit 949.
  • the encoder 943 has the function of the image encoding apparatus (for example, the image encoding apparatus 100 or the image encoding apparatus 300) according to the above-described embodiment.
  • the decoder 947 has a function of the image decoding device (for example, the image decoding device 200 or the image decoding device 400) according to the above-described embodiment.
  • FIG. 57 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging apparatus to which the above-described embodiment is applied.
  • the imaging device 960 images a subject to generate an image, encodes the image data, and records it on a recording medium.
  • the imaging device 960 includes an optical block 961, an imaging unit 962, a signal processing unit 963, an image processing unit 964, a display unit 965, an external interface (I / F) unit 966, a memory unit 967, a media drive 968, an OSD 969, and a control unit 970.
  • the optical block 961 is connected to the imaging unit 962.
  • the imaging unit 962 is connected to the signal processing unit 963.
  • the display unit 965 is connected to the image processing unit 964.
  • the user interface unit 971 is connected to the control unit 970.
  • the bus 972 connects the image processing unit 964, the external interface unit 966, the memory unit 967, the media drive 968, the OSD 969, and the control unit 970 to each other.
  • the optical block 961 includes a focus lens and a diaphragm mechanism.
  • the optical block 961 forms an optical image of the subject on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 962.
  • the imaging unit 962 includes an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), and converts an optical image formed on the imaging surface into an image signal as an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion. Then, the imaging unit 962 outputs the image signal to the signal processing unit 963.
  • CCD Charge-Coupled Device
  • CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
  • the signal processing unit 963 performs various camera signal processing such as knee correction, gamma correction, and color correction on the image signal input from the imaging unit 962.
  • the signal processing unit 963 outputs the image data after the camera signal processing to the image processing unit 964.
  • the image processing unit 964 encodes the image data input from the signal processing unit 963 and generates encoded data. Then, the image processing unit 964 outputs the generated encoded data to the external interface unit 966 or the media drive 968. In addition, the image processing unit 964 decodes encoded data input from the external interface unit 966 or the media drive 968 to generate image data. Then, the image processing unit 964 outputs the generated image data to the display unit 965. In addition, the image processing unit 964 may display the image by outputting the image data input from the signal processing unit 963 to the display unit 965. Further, the image processing unit 964 may superimpose display data acquired from the OSD 969 on an image output to the display unit 965.
  • the OSD 969 generates a GUI image such as a menu, a button, or a cursor, and outputs the generated image to the image processing unit 964.
  • the external interface unit 966 is configured as a USB input / output terminal, for example.
  • the external interface unit 966 connects the imaging device 960 and a printer, for example, when printing an image.
  • a drive is connected to the external interface unit 966 as necessary.
  • a removable medium such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk is attached to the drive, and a program read from the removable medium can be installed in the imaging device 960.
  • the external interface unit 966 may be configured as a network interface connected to a network such as a LAN or the Internet. That is, the external interface unit 966 has a role as a transmission unit in the imaging device 960.
  • the recording medium mounted on the media drive 968 may be any readable / writable removable medium such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
  • a recording medium may be fixedly mounted on the media drive 968, and a non-portable storage unit such as an internal hard disk drive or an SSD (Solid State Drive) may be configured.
  • the control unit 970 includes a processor such as a CPU and memories such as a RAM and a ROM.
  • the memory stores a program executed by the CPU, program data, and the like.
  • the program stored in the memory is read and executed by the CPU when the imaging device 960 is activated, for example.
  • the CPU controls the operation of the imaging device 960 according to an operation signal input from the user interface unit 971 by executing the program.
  • the user interface unit 971 is connected to the control unit 970.
  • the user interface unit 971 includes, for example, buttons and switches for the user to operate the imaging device 960.
  • the user interface unit 971 detects an operation by the user via these components, generates an operation signal, and outputs the generated operation signal to the control unit 970.
  • the image processing unit 964 includes an image encoding device (for example, the image encoding device 100 or the image encoding device 300) or an image decoding device (for example, an image) according to the above-described embodiment. Functions of the decoding device 200 and the image decoding device 400). Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a reduction in image quality due to image encoding or decoding in the imaging device 960.
  • the distribution server 1002 reads the scalable encoded data stored in the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001, and via the network 1003, the personal computer 1004, the AV device 1005, the tablet This is distributed to the terminal device such as the device 1006 and the mobile phone 1007.
  • the distribution server 1002 selects and transmits encoded data of appropriate quality according to the capability of the terminal device, the communication environment, and the like. Even if the distribution server 1002 transmits high-quality data unnecessarily, a high-quality image is not always obtained in the terminal device, which may cause a delay or an overflow. Moreover, there is a possibility that the communication band is unnecessarily occupied or the load on the terminal device is unnecessarily increased. On the other hand, even if the distribution server 1002 transmits unnecessarily low quality data, there is a possibility that an image with sufficient image quality cannot be obtained in the terminal device. Therefore, the distribution server 1002 appropriately reads and transmits the scalable encoded data stored in the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001 as encoded data having an appropriate quality with respect to the capability and communication environment of the terminal device. .
  • the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001 stores scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 encoded in a scalable manner.
  • the scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 is encoded data including both a base layer and an enhancement layer, and is a data that can be decoded to obtain both a base layer image and an enhancement layer image. It is.
  • the distribution server 1002 selects an appropriate layer according to the capability of the terminal device that transmits data, the communication environment, and the like, and reads the data of the layer. For example, the distribution server 1002 reads high-quality scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 from the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001 and transmits it to the personal computer 1004 and the tablet device 1006 with high processing capability as they are. . On the other hand, for example, the distribution server 1002 extracts base layer data from the scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 for the AV device 1005 and the cellular phone 1007 having a low processing capability, and performs scalable encoding. Although it is data of the same content as the data (BL + EL) 1011, it is transmitted as scalable encoded data (BL) 1012 having a lower quality than the scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011.
  • BL scalable encoded data
  • scalable encoded data By using scalable encoded data in this way, the amount of data can be easily adjusted, so that the occurrence of delays and overflows can be suppressed, and unnecessary increases in the load on terminal devices and communication media can be suppressed. be able to.
  • scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 since scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 has reduced redundancy between layers, the amount of data can be reduced as compared with the case where encoded data of each layer is used as individual data. . Therefore, the storage area of the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001 can be used more efficiently.
  • the hardware performance of the terminal device varies depending on the device.
  • the application which a terminal device performs is also various, the capability of the software is also various.
  • the network 1003 serving as a communication medium can be applied to any communication network including wired, wireless, or both, such as the Internet and a LAN (Local Area Network), and has various data transmission capabilities. Furthermore, there is a risk of change due to other communications.
  • the distribution server 1002 communicates with the terminal device that is the data transmission destination before starting data transmission, and the hardware performance of the terminal device, the performance of the application (software) executed by the terminal device, etc. Information regarding the capability of the terminal device and information regarding the communication environment such as the available bandwidth of the network 1003 may be obtained. The distribution server 1002 may select an appropriate layer based on the information obtained here.
  • the layer extraction may be performed by the terminal device.
  • the personal computer 1004 may decode the transmitted scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 and display a base layer image or an enhancement layer image. Further, for example, the personal computer 1004 extracts the base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1012 from the transmitted scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1011 and stores it or transfers it to another device. The base layer image may be displayed after decoding.
  • the numbers of the scalable encoded data storage unit 1001, the distribution server 1002, the network 1003, and the terminal devices are arbitrary.
  • the example in which the distribution server 1002 transmits data to the terminal device has been described, but the usage example is not limited to this.
  • the data transmission system 1000 may be any system as long as it transmits a scalable encoded data to a terminal device by selecting an appropriate layer according to the capability of the terminal device or a communication environment. Can be applied to the system.
  • the present technology is applied in the same manner as the application to the hierarchical encoding / decoding described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the effect similar to the effect mentioned above with reference to can be acquired.
  • scalable coding is used for transmission via a plurality of communication media, for example, as in the example shown in FIG.
  • a broadcasting station 1101 transmits base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1121 by terrestrial broadcasting 1111. Also, the broadcast station 1101 transmits enhancement layer scalable encoded data (EL) 1122 via an arbitrary network 1112 including a wired or wireless communication network or both (for example, packetized transmission).
  • BL base layer scalable encoded data
  • EL enhancement layer scalable encoded data
  • the terminal apparatus 1102 has a reception function of the terrestrial broadcast 1111 broadcast by the broadcast station 1101 and receives base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1121 transmitted via the terrestrial broadcast 1111.
  • the terminal apparatus 1102 further has a communication function for performing communication via the network 1112, and receives enhancement layer scalable encoded data (EL) 1122 transmitted via the network 1112.
  • BL base layer scalable encoded data
  • EL enhancement layer scalable encoded data
  • the terminal device 1102 decodes the base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1121 acquired via the terrestrial broadcast 1111 according to, for example, a user instruction, and obtains or stores a base layer image. Or transmit to other devices.
  • BL base layer scalable encoded data
  • the terminal device 1102 for example, in response to a user instruction, the base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1121 acquired via the terrestrial broadcast 1111 and the enhancement layer scalable encoded acquired via the network 1112 Data (EL) 1122 is combined to obtain scalable encoded data (BL + EL), or decoded to obtain an enhancement layer image, stored, or transmitted to another device.
  • BL base layer scalable encoded data
  • EL enhancement layer scalable encoded acquired via the network 1112 Data
  • the scalable encoded data can be transmitted via a communication medium that is different for each layer, for example. Therefore, the load can be distributed, and the occurrence of delay and overflow can be suppressed.
  • the communication medium used for transmission may be selected for each layer. For example, scalable encoded data (BL) 1121 of a base layer having a relatively large amount of data is transmitted via a communication medium having a wide bandwidth, and scalable encoded data (EL) 1122 having a relatively small amount of data is transmitted. You may make it transmit via a communication medium with a narrow bandwidth. Further, for example, the communication medium for transmitting the enhancement layer scalable encoded data (EL) 1122 is switched between the network 1112 and the terrestrial broadcast 1111 according to the available bandwidth of the network 1112. May be. Of course, the same applies to data of an arbitrary layer.
  • the number of layers is arbitrary, and the number of communication media used for transmission is also arbitrary.
  • the number of terminal devices 1102 serving as data distribution destinations is also arbitrary.
  • broadcasting from the broadcasting station 1101 has been described as an example, but the usage example is not limited to this.
  • the data transmission system 1100 can be applied to any system as long as it is a system that divides scalable encoded data into a plurality of layers and transmits them through a plurality of lines.
  • the present technology is applied in the same manner as the application to the hierarchical encoding / decoding described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the effect similar to the effect mentioned above with reference to can be acquired.
  • scalable encoding is used for storing encoded data as in the example shown in FIG. 60, for example.
  • the imaging device 1201 performs scalable coding on image data obtained by imaging the subject 1211, and as scalable coded data (BL + EL) 1221, a scalable coded data storage device 1202. To supply.
  • the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 stores the scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1221 supplied from the imaging device 1201 with quality according to the situation. For example, in the normal case, the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 extracts base layer data from the scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1221, and the base layer scalable encoded data ( BL) 1222. On the other hand, for example, in the case of attention, the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 stores scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1221 with high quality and a large amount of data.
  • the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 can store an image with high image quality only when necessary, so that an increase in the amount of data can be achieved while suppressing a reduction in the value of the image due to image quality degradation. And the use efficiency of the storage area can be improved.
  • the imaging device 1201 is a surveillance camera.
  • the monitoring target for example, an intruder
  • the content of the captured image is likely to be unimportant, so reduction of the data amount is given priority, and the image data (scalable coding) Data) is stored in low quality.
  • the image quality is given priority and the image data (scalable) (Encoded data) is stored with high quality.
  • whether it is normal time or attention time may be determined by the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 analyzing an image, for example.
  • the imaging apparatus 1201 may make a determination, and the determination result may be transmitted to the scalable encoded data storage device 1202.
  • the criterion for determining whether the time is normal or noting is arbitrary, and the content of the image as the criterion is arbitrary. Of course, conditions other than the contents of the image can also be used as the criterion. For example, it may be switched according to the volume or waveform of the recorded sound, may be switched at every predetermined time, or may be switched by an external instruction such as a user instruction.
  • the number of states is arbitrary, for example, normal, slightly attention, attention, very attention, etc.
  • three or more states may be switched.
  • the upper limit number of states to be switched depends on the number of layers of scalable encoded data.
  • the imaging apparatus 1201 may determine the number of layers for scalable coding according to the state. For example, in a normal case, the imaging apparatus 1201 may generate base layer scalable encoded data (BL) 1222 with low quality and a small amount of data, and supply the scalable encoded data storage apparatus 1202 to the scalable encoded data storage apparatus 1202. For example, when attention is paid, the imaging device 1201 generates scalable encoded data (BL + EL) 1221 having a high quality and a large amount of data, and supplies the scalable encoded data storage device 1202 to the scalable encoded data storage device 1202. May be.
  • BL base layer scalable encoded data
  • BL + EL scalable encoded data
  • the monitoring camera has been described as an example.
  • the use of the imaging system 1200 is arbitrary and is not limited to the monitoring camera.
  • the present technology is applied in the same manner as the application to the hierarchical encoding / decoding described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the effect similar to the effect mentioned above with reference can be acquired.
  • the present technology can also be applied to HTTP streaming such as MPEGASHDASH, for example, by selecting an appropriate piece of data from a plurality of encoded data with different resolutions prepared in advance. Can do. That is, information regarding encoding and decoding can be shared among a plurality of such encoded data.
  • FIG. 61 illustrates an example of a schematic configuration of a video set to which the present technology is applied.
  • the video set 1300 shown in FIG. 61 has such a multi-functional configuration, and a device having a function relating to image encoding and decoding (either or both of them) can be used for the function. It is a combination of devices having other related functions.
  • the video set 1300 includes a module group such as a video module 1311, an external memory 1312, a power management module 1313, and a front-end module 1314, and a connectivity 1321, a camera 1322, a sensor 1323, and the like. And a device having a function.
  • a module is a component that has several functions that are related to each other and that has a coherent function.
  • the specific physical configuration is arbitrary. For example, a plurality of processors each having a function, electronic circuit elements such as resistors and capacitors, and other devices arranged on a wiring board or the like can be considered. . It is also possible to combine the module with another module, a processor, or the like to form a new module.
  • the video module 1311 is a combination of configurations having functions related to image processing, and includes an application processor, a video processor, a broadband modem 1333, and an RF module 1334.
  • a processor is a configuration in which a configuration having a predetermined function is integrated on a semiconductor chip by a SoC (System On a Chip), and for example, there is a system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
  • the configuration having the predetermined function may be a logic circuit (hardware configuration), a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and a program (software configuration) executed using them. , Or a combination of both.
  • a processor has a logic circuit and a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., a part of the function is realized by a logic circuit (hardware configuration), and other functions are executed by the CPU (software configuration) It may be realized by.
  • the 61 is a processor that executes an application related to image processing.
  • the application executed in the application processor 1331 not only performs arithmetic processing to realize a predetermined function, but also can control the internal and external configurations of the video module 1311 such as the video processor 1332 as necessary. .
  • the video processor 1332 is a processor having a function related to image encoding / decoding (one or both of them).
  • the broadband modem 1333 converts the data (digital signal) transmitted by wired or wireless (or both) broadband communication via a broadband line such as the Internet or a public telephone line network into an analog signal by digitally modulating the data.
  • the analog signal received by the broadband communication is demodulated and converted into data (digital signal).
  • the broadband modem 1333 processes arbitrary information such as image data processed by the video processor 1332, a stream obtained by encoding the image data, an application program, setting data, and the like.
  • the RF module 1334 is a module that performs frequency conversion, modulation / demodulation, amplification, filter processing, and the like on an RF (Radio Frequency) signal transmitted / received via an antenna. For example, the RF module 1334 generates an RF signal by performing frequency conversion or the like on the baseband signal generated by the broadband modem 1333. Further, for example, the RF module 1334 generates a baseband signal by performing frequency conversion or the like on the RF signal received via the front end module 1314.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the application processor 1331 and the video processor 1332 may be integrated into a single processor.
  • the external memory 1312 is a module that is provided outside the video module 1311 and has a storage device used by the video module 1311.
  • the storage device of the external memory 1312 may be realized by any physical configuration, but is generally used for storing a large amount of data such as image data in units of frames. For example, it is desirable to realize it with a relatively inexpensive and large-capacity semiconductor memory such as DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).
  • the power management module 1313 manages and controls power supply to the video module 1311 (each component in the video module 1311).
  • the front-end module 1314 is a module that provides the RF module 1334 with a front-end function (circuit on the transmitting / receiving end on the antenna side). As shown in FIG. 61, the front end module 1314 includes, for example, an antenna unit 1351, a filter 1352, and an amplification unit 1353.
  • the antenna unit 1351 has an antenna for transmitting and receiving a radio signal and its peripheral configuration.
  • the antenna unit 1351 transmits the signal supplied from the amplification unit 1353 as a radio signal, and supplies the received radio signal to the filter 1352 as an electric signal (RF signal).
  • the filter 1352 performs a filtering process on the RF signal received via the antenna unit 1351 and supplies the processed RF signal to the RF module 1334.
  • the amplifying unit 1353 amplifies the RF signal supplied from the RF module 1334 and supplies the amplified RF signal to the antenna unit 1351.
  • Connectivity 1321 is a module having a function related to connection with the outside.
  • the physical configuration of the connectivity 1321 is arbitrary.
  • the connectivity 1321 has a configuration having a communication function other than the communication standard supported by the broadband modem 1333, an external input / output terminal, and the like.
  • the communication 1321 is compliant with wireless communication standards such as Bluetooth (registered trademark), IEEE 802.11 (for example, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity, registered trademark)), NFC (Near Field Communication), IrDA (InfraRed Data Association), etc. You may make it have a module which has a function, an antenna etc. which transmit / receive the signal based on the standard.
  • the connectivity 1321 has a module having a communication function compliant with a wired communication standard such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), HDMI (registered trademark) (High-Definition Multimedia Interface), or a terminal compliant with the standard. You may do it.
  • the connectivity 1321 may have other data (signal) transmission functions such as analog input / output terminals.
  • the connectivity 1321 may include a data (signal) transmission destination device.
  • the drive 1321 reads and writes data to and from a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory (not only a removable medium drive, but also a hard disk, SSD (Solid State Drive) NAS (including Network Attached Storage) and the like.
  • the connectivity 1321 may include an image or audio output device (a monitor, a speaker, or the like).
  • the camera 1322 is a module having a function of capturing a subject and obtaining image data of the subject.
  • Image data obtained by imaging by the camera 1322 is supplied to, for example, a video processor 1332 and encoded.
  • the sensor 1323 includes, for example, a voice sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, an illuminance sensor, an infrared sensor, an image sensor, a rotation sensor, an angle sensor, an angular velocity sensor, a velocity sensor, an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, a magnetic identification sensor, an impact sensor, It is a module having an arbitrary sensor function such as a temperature sensor.
  • the data detected by the sensor 1323 is supplied to the application processor 1331 and used by an application or the like.
  • the configuration described as a module in the above may be realized as a processor, or conversely, the configuration described as a processor may be realized as a module.
  • the present technology can be applied to the video processor 1332 as described later. Therefore, the video set 1300 can be implemented as a set to which the present technology is applied.
  • FIG. 62 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a video processor 1332 (FIG. 61) to which the present technology is applied.
  • the video processor 1332 receives the input of the video signal and the audio signal, encodes them in a predetermined method, decodes the encoded video data and audio data, A function of reproducing and outputting an audio signal.
  • the video processor 1332 includes a video input processing unit 1401, a first image enlargement / reduction unit 1402, a second image enlargement / reduction unit 1403, a video output processing unit 1404, a frame memory 1405, and a memory control unit 1406.
  • the video processor 1332 includes an encoding / decoding engine 1407, video ES (ElementaryElementStream) buffers 1408A and 1408B, and audio ES buffers 1409A and 1409B.
  • the video processor 1332 includes an audio encoder 1410, an audio decoder 1411, a multiplexing unit (MUX (Multiplexer)) 1412, a demultiplexing unit (DMUX (Demultiplexer)) 1413, and a stream buffer 1414.
  • MUX Multiplexing unit
  • DMUX Demultiplexer
  • the video input processing unit 1401 acquires, for example, a video signal input from the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) and converts it into digital image data.
  • the first image enlargement / reduction unit 1402 performs format conversion, image enlargement / reduction processing, and the like on the image data.
  • the second image enlargement / reduction unit 1403 performs image enlargement / reduction processing on the image data in accordance with the format of the output destination via the video output processing unit 1404, or is the same as the first image enlargement / reduction unit 1402. Format conversion and image enlargement / reduction processing.
  • the video output processing unit 1404 performs format conversion, conversion to an analog signal, and the like on the image data, and outputs the reproduced video signal to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61).
  • the frame memory 1405 is a memory for image data shared by the video input processing unit 1401, the first image scaling unit 1402, the second image scaling unit 1403, the video output processing unit 1404, and the encoding / decoding engine 1407. .
  • the frame memory 1405 is realized as a semiconductor memory such as a DRAM, for example.
  • the memory control unit 1406 receives the synchronization signal from the encoding / decoding engine 1407, and controls the write / read access to the frame memory 1405 according to the access schedule to the frame memory 1405 written in the access management table 1406A.
  • the access management table 1406A is updated by the memory control unit 1406 in accordance with processing executed by the encoding / decoding engine 1407, the first image enlargement / reduction unit 1402, the second image enlargement / reduction unit 1403, and the like.
  • the encoding / decoding engine 1407 performs encoding processing of image data and decoding processing of a video stream that is data obtained by encoding the image data. For example, the encoding / decoding engine 1407 encodes the image data read from the frame memory 1405 and sequentially writes the data as a video stream in the video ES buffer 1408A. Further, for example, the video stream is sequentially read from the video ES buffer 1408B, decoded, and sequentially written in the frame memory 1405 as image data.
  • the encoding / decoding engine 1407 uses the frame memory 1405 as a work area in the encoding and decoding. Also, the encoding / decoding engine 1407 outputs a synchronization signal to the memory control unit 1406, for example, at a timing at which processing for each macroblock is started.
  • the video ES buffer 1408A buffers the video stream generated by the encoding / decoding engine 1407 and supplies the buffered video stream to the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412.
  • the video ES buffer 1408B buffers the video stream supplied from the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413 and supplies the buffered video stream to the encoding / decoding engine 1407.
  • the audio ES buffer 1409A buffers the audio stream generated by the audio encoder 1410 and supplies the buffered audio stream to the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412.
  • the audio ES buffer 1409B buffers the audio stream supplied from the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413 and supplies the buffered audio stream to the audio decoder 1411.
  • the audio encoder 1410 converts, for example, an audio signal input from the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61), for example, into a digital format, and encodes the audio signal according to a predetermined method such as an MPEG audio method or an AC3 (Audio Code number 3) method.
  • the audio encoder 1410 sequentially writes an audio stream, which is data obtained by encoding an audio signal, in the audio ES buffer 1409A.
  • the audio decoder 1411 decodes the audio stream supplied from the audio ES buffer 1409B, performs conversion to, for example, an analog signal, and supplies the reproduced audio signal to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61).
  • the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 multiplexes the video stream and the audio stream.
  • the multiplexing method (that is, the format of the bit stream generated by multiplexing) is arbitrary.
  • the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 can also add predetermined header information or the like to the bit stream. That is, the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 can convert the stream format by multiplexing. For example, the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 multiplexes the video stream and the audio stream to convert it into a transport stream that is a bit stream in a transfer format. Further, for example, the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 multiplexes the video stream and the audio stream, thereby converting the data into file format data (file data) for recording.
  • the demultiplexing unit (DMUX) 1413 demultiplexes the bit stream in which the video stream and the audio stream are multiplexed by a method corresponding to the multiplexing by the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412. That is, the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413 extracts the video stream and the audio stream from the bit stream read from the stream buffer 1414 (separates the video stream and the audio stream). That is, the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413 can convert the stream format by demultiplexing (inverse conversion of the conversion by the multiplexer (MUX) 1412).
  • the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413 obtains the transport stream supplied from, for example, the connectivity 1321 and the broadband modem 1333 (both of which are shown in FIG. 61) via the stream buffer 1414 and demultiplexes the transport stream. Can be converted into a video stream and an audio stream. Further, for example, the demultiplexing unit (DMUX) 1413 obtains, for example, file data read from various recording media by the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) via the stream buffer 1414, and demultiplexes the file data. It can be converted into a video stream and an audio stream.
  • Stream buffer 1414 buffers the bit stream.
  • the stream buffer 1414 buffers the transport stream supplied from the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 and, for example, at the predetermined timing or based on a request from the outside, for example, the connectivity 1321 or the broadband modem 1333 (whichever Is also supplied to FIG.
  • MUX multiplexing unit
  • the stream buffer 1414 buffers the file data supplied from the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 and, for example, connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) or the like at a predetermined timing or based on an external request or the like. To be recorded on various recording media.
  • MUX multiplexing unit
  • connectivity 1321 FIG. 61
  • the stream buffer 1414 buffers the transport stream acquired through, for example, the connectivity 1321 and the broadband modem 1333 (both of which are shown in FIG. 61), and performs reverse processing at a predetermined timing or based on an external request or the like.
  • the data is supplied to a multiplexing unit (DMUX) 1413.
  • DMUX multiplexing unit
  • the stream buffer 1414 buffers file data read from various recording media in the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61), for example, and at a predetermined timing or based on an external request or the like, a demultiplexing unit (DMUX) 1413.
  • DMUX demultiplexing unit
  • a video signal input from the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) or the like to the video processor 1332 is converted into digital image data of a predetermined format such as 4: 2: 2Y / Cb / Cr format by the video input processing unit 1401.
  • the data is sequentially written into the frame memory 1405.
  • This digital image data is read by the first image enlargement / reduction unit 1402 or the second image enlargement / reduction unit 1403, and format conversion to a predetermined method such as 4: 2: 0Y / Cb / Cr method and enlargement / reduction processing are performed. Is written again in the frame memory 1405.
  • This image data is encoded by the encoding / decoding engine 1407 and written as a video stream in the video ES buffer 1408A.
  • an audio signal input to the video processor 1332 from the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) or the like is encoded by the audio encoder 1410 and written as an audio stream in the audio ES buffer 1409A.
  • the video stream of the video ES buffer 1408A and the audio stream of the audio ES buffer 1409A are read and multiplexed by the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 and converted into a transport stream, file data, or the like.
  • the transport stream generated by the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 is buffered in the stream buffer 1414 and then output to the external network via, for example, the connectivity 1321 and the broadband modem 1333 (both of which are shown in FIG. 61).
  • the file data generated by the multiplexing unit (MUX) 1412 is buffered in the stream buffer 1414, and then output to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) and recorded on various recording media.
  • the transport stream input from the external network to the video processor 1332 via the connectivity 1321 or the broadband modem 1333 is buffered in the stream buffer 1414 and then demultiplexed (DMUX). 1413 is demultiplexed.
  • DMUX demultiplexed
  • file data read from various recording media in the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) and input to the video processor 1332 is buffered in the stream buffer 1414 and then demultiplexed by the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413. It becomes. That is, the transport stream or file data input to the video processor 1332 is separated into a video stream and an audio stream by the demultiplexer (DMUX) 1413.
  • the audio stream is supplied to the audio decoder 1411 via the audio ES buffer 1409B and decoded to reproduce the audio signal.
  • the video stream is written to the video ES buffer 1408B, and then sequentially read and decoded by the encoding / decoding engine 1407, and written to the frame memory 1405.
  • the decoded image data is enlarged / reduced by the second image enlargement / reduction unit 1403 and written to the frame memory 1405.
  • the decoded image data is read out to the video output processing unit 1404, format-converted to a predetermined system such as 4: 2: 2Y / Cb / Cr system, and further converted into an analog signal to be converted into a video signal. Is played out.
  • the present technology when the present technology is applied to the video processor 1332 configured as described above, the present technology according to each embodiment described above may be applied to the encoding / decoding engine 1407. That is, for example, the encoding / decoding engine 1407 may have the functions of the image encoding device 100, the image decoding device 200, the image encoding device 300, or the image decoding device 400. In this way, the video processor 1332 can obtain the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the present technology (that is, the functions of the image encoding device and the image decoding device according to each embodiment described above) may be realized by hardware such as a logic circuit. It may be realized by software such as an embedded program, or may be realized by both of them.
  • FIG. 63 illustrates another example of a schematic configuration of the video processor 1332 (FIG. 61) to which the present technology is applied.
  • the video processor 1332 has a function of encoding / decoding video data by a predetermined method.
  • the video processor 1332 includes a control unit 1511, a display interface 1512, a display engine 1513, an image processing engine 1514, and an internal memory 1515.
  • the video processor 1332 includes a codec engine 1516, a memory interface 1517, a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518, a network interface 1519, and a video interface 1520.
  • MUX DMUX multiplexing / demultiplexing unit
  • the control unit 1511 controls the operation of each processing unit in the video processor 1332 such as the display interface 1512, the display engine 1513, the image processing engine 1514, and the codec engine 1516.
  • the control unit 1511 includes, for example, a main CPU 1531, a sub CPU 1532, and a system controller 1533.
  • the main CPU 1531 executes a program and the like for controlling the operation of each processing unit in the video processor 1332.
  • the main CPU 1531 generates a control signal according to the program and supplies it to each processing unit (that is, controls the operation of each processing unit).
  • the sub CPU 1532 plays an auxiliary role of the main CPU 1531.
  • the sub CPU 1532 executes a child process such as a program executed by the main CPU 1531, a subroutine, or the like.
  • the system controller 1533 controls operations of the main CPU 1531 and the sub CPU 1532 such as designating a program to be executed by the main CPU 1531 and the sub CPU 1532.
  • the display interface 1512 outputs image data to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) under the control of the control unit 1511.
  • the display interface 1512 converts image data of digital data into an analog signal, and outputs it to a monitor device of the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) or the like as a reproduced video signal or as image data of digital data.
  • the display engine 1513 Under the control of the control unit 1511, the display engine 1513 performs various conversion processes such as format conversion, size conversion, color gamut conversion, and the like so as to match the image data with hardware specifications such as a monitor device that displays the image. I do.
  • the image processing engine 1514 performs predetermined image processing such as filter processing for improving image quality on the image data under the control of the control unit 1511.
  • the internal memory 1515 is a memory provided in the video processor 1332 that is shared by the display engine 1513, the image processing engine 1514, and the codec engine 1516.
  • the internal memory 1515 is used, for example, for data exchange performed between the display engine 1513, the image processing engine 1514, and the codec engine 1516.
  • the internal memory 1515 stores data supplied from the display engine 1513, the image processing engine 1514, or the codec engine 1516, and stores the data as needed (eg, upon request). This is supplied to the image processing engine 1514 or the codec engine 1516.
  • the internal memory 1515 may be realized by any storage device, but is generally used for storing a small amount of data such as image data or parameters in units of blocks. It is desirable to realize a semiconductor memory having a relatively small capacity but a high response speed (for example, as compared with the external memory 1312) such as “Static Random Access Memory”.
  • the codec engine 1516 performs processing related to encoding and decoding of image data.
  • the encoding / decoding scheme supported by the codec engine 1516 is arbitrary, and the number thereof may be one or plural.
  • the codec engine 1516 may be provided with codec functions of a plurality of encoding / decoding schemes, and may be configured to perform encoding of image data or decoding of encoded data using one selected from them.
  • the codec engine 1516 includes, for example, MPEG-2 video 1541, AVC / H.2641542, HEVC / H.2651543, HEVC / H.265 (Scalable) 1544, as function blocks for processing related to the codec.
  • HEVC / H.265 (Multi-view) 1545 and MPEG-DASH 1551 are included.
  • MPEG-2 Video1541 is a functional block that encodes and decodes image data in the MPEG-2 format.
  • AVC / H.2641542 is a functional block that encodes and decodes image data using the AVC method.
  • HEVC / H.2651543 is a functional block that encodes and decodes image data using the HEVC method.
  • HEVC / H.265 (Scalable) 1544 is a functional block that performs scalable encoding and scalable decoding of image data using the HEVC method.
  • HEVC / H.265 (Multi-view) 1545 is a functional block that multi-view encodes or multi-view decodes image data using the HEVC method.
  • MPEG-DASH 1551 is a functional block that transmits and receives image data using the MPEG-DASH (MPEG-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) method.
  • MPEG-DASH is a technology for streaming video using HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and selects and transmits appropriate data from multiple encoded data with different resolutions prepared in advance in segments. This is one of the features.
  • MPEG-DASH 1551 generates a stream compliant with the standard, controls transmission of the stream, and the like.
  • MPEG-2 Video 1541 to HEVC / H.265 (Multi-view) 1545 described above are used. Is used.
  • the memory interface 1517 is an interface for the external memory 1312. Data supplied from the image processing engine 1514 or the codec engine 1516 is supplied to the external memory 1312 via the memory interface 1517. The data read from the external memory 1312 is supplied to the video processor 1332 (the image processing engine 1514 or the codec engine 1516) via the memory interface 1517.
  • a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518 performs multiplexing and demultiplexing of various data related to images such as a bit stream of encoded data, image data, and a video signal.
  • This multiplexing / demultiplexing method is arbitrary.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518 can not only combine a plurality of data into one but also add predetermined header information or the like to the data.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518 not only divides one data into a plurality of data but also adds predetermined header information or the like to each divided data. it can.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518 can convert the data format by multiplexing / demultiplexing.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518 multiplexes the bitstream, thereby transporting the transport stream, which is a bit stream in a transfer format, or data in a file format for recording (file data).
  • the transport stream which is a bit stream in a transfer format, or data in a file format for recording (file data).
  • file data file format for recording
  • the network interface 1519 is an interface for, for example, a broadband modem 1333, connectivity 1321 (both are FIG. 61), and the like.
  • the video interface 1520 is an interface for, for example, the connectivity 1321 and the camera 1322 (both are shown in FIG. 61).
  • the transport stream is transmitted to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX via the network interface 1519 ) 1518 to be demultiplexed and decoded by the codec engine 1516.
  • the image data obtained by decoding by the codec engine 1516 is subjected to predetermined image processing by the image processing engine 1514, subjected to predetermined conversion by the display engine 1513, and connected to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (see FIG. 61) etc., and the image is displayed on the monitor.
  • image data obtained by decoding by the codec engine 1516 is re-encoded by the codec engine 1516, multiplexed by a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518, converted into file data, and video
  • MUX DMUX multiplexing / demultiplexing unit
  • the data is output to, for example, the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) through the interface 1520 and recorded on various recording media.
  • encoded data file data obtained by encoding image data read from a recording medium (not shown) by the connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) or the like is multiplexed / demultiplexed via the video interface 1520.
  • Image data obtained by decoding by the codec engine 1516 is subjected to predetermined image processing by the image processing engine 1514, subjected to predetermined conversion by the display engine 1513, and, for example, connectivity 1321 (FIG. 61) via the display interface 1512. And the image is displayed on the monitor.
  • image data obtained by decoding by the codec engine 1516 is re-encoded by the codec engine 1516, multiplexed by the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit (MUX DMUX) 1518, and converted into a transport stream,
  • MUX DMUX multiplexing / demultiplexing unit
  • the connectivity 1321 and the broadband modem 1333 are supplied via the network interface 1519 and transmitted to another device (not shown).
  • image data and other data are exchanged between the processing units in the video processor 1332 using, for example, the internal memory 1515 or the external memory 1312.
  • the power management module 1313 controls power supply to the control unit 1511, for example.
  • the present technology when the present technology is applied to the video processor 1332 configured as described above, the present technology according to each embodiment described above may be applied to the codec engine 1516. That is, for example, the codec engine 1516 may have function blocks that implement the image encoding device 100, the image decoding device 200, the image encoding device 300, and the image decoding device 400. In this way, the video processor 1332 can obtain the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the present technology (that is, the functions of the image encoding device and the image decoding device according to each of the above-described embodiments) may be realized by hardware such as a logic circuit or an embedded program. It may be realized by software such as the above, or may be realized by both of them.
  • the configuration of the video processor 1332 is arbitrary and may be other than the two examples described above.
  • the video processor 1332 may be configured as one semiconductor chip, but may be configured as a plurality of semiconductor chips. For example, a three-dimensional stacked LSI in which a plurality of semiconductors are stacked may be used. Further, it may be realized by a plurality of LSIs.
  • Video set 1300 can be incorporated into various devices that process image data.
  • the video set 1300 can be incorporated in the television device 900 (FIG. 54), the mobile phone 920 (FIG. 55), the recording / reproducing device 940 (FIG. 56), the imaging device 960 (FIG. 57), or the like.
  • the apparatus can obtain the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the video set 1300 includes, for example, terminal devices such as the personal computer 1004, the AV device 1005, the tablet device 1006, and the mobile phone 1007 in the data transmission system 1000 in FIG. 58, the broadcasting station 1101 in the data transmission system 1100 in FIG. It can also be incorporated into the terminal device 1102, the imaging device 1201 in the imaging system 1200 of FIG. 60, the scalable encoded data storage device 1202, and the like.
  • terminal devices such as the personal computer 1004, the AV device 1005, the tablet device 1006, and the mobile phone 1007 in the data transmission system 1000 in FIG. 58, the broadcasting station 1101 in the data transmission system 1100 in FIG. It can also be incorporated into the terminal device 1102, the imaging device 1201 in the imaging system 1200 of FIG. 60, the scalable encoded data storage device 1202, and the like.
  • the apparatus can obtain the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the video processor 1332 can implement as a structure to which this technique is applied.
  • the video processor 1332 can be implemented as a video processor to which the present technology is applied.
  • the processor or the video module 1311 indicated by the dotted line 1341 can be implemented as a processor or a module to which the present technology is applied.
  • the video module 1311, the external memory 1312, the power management module 1313, and the front end module 1314 can be combined and implemented as a video unit 1361 to which the present technology is applied. In any case, the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 49 can be obtained.
  • any configuration including the video processor 1332 can be incorporated into various devices that process image data, as in the case of the video set 1300.
  • a video processor 1332 a processor indicated by a dotted line 1341, a video module 1311, or a video unit 1361, a television device 900 (FIG. 54), a mobile phone 920 (FIG. 55), a recording / playback device 940 (FIG. 56), Image pickup apparatus 960 (FIG. 57), terminal devices such as personal computer 1004, AV device 1005, tablet device 1006, and mobile phone 1007 in data transmission system 1000 in FIG. 58, broadcast station 1101 and terminal in data transmission system 1100 in FIG.
  • the apparatus 1102 can be incorporated into the apparatus 1102, the imaging apparatus 1201 in the imaging system 1200 of FIG. 60, the scalable encoded data storage apparatus 1202, and the like. Then, by incorporating any configuration to which the present technology is applied, the apparatus can obtain the same effects as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 49 as in the case of the video set 1300. .
  • this technique selects and uses an appropriate one of a plurality of pieces of encoded data having different resolutions prepared in advance for each segment, for example, an HTTP streaming content such as MPEG DASH to be described later
  • the present invention can also be applied to a reproduction system and a Wi-Fi standard wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 64 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the content reproduction system.
  • the content reproduction system includes content servers 1610 and 1611, a network 1612, and a content reproduction device 1620 (client device).
  • the content servers 1610 and 1611 and the content playback device 1620 are connected via a network 1612.
  • the network 1612 is a wired or wireless transmission path for information transmitted from a device connected to the network 1612.
  • the network 1612 may include a public line network such as the Internet, a telephone line network, a satellite communication network, various local area networks (LAN) including Ethernet (registered trademark), a wide area network (WAN), and the like.
  • the network 1612 may include a dedicated line network such as IP-VPN (Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network).
  • the content server 1610 encodes the content data, and generates and stores the encoded data and a data file including the meta information of the encoded data.
  • the encoded data corresponds to “mdat” and the meta information corresponds to “moov”.
  • the content data may be music data such as music, lectures and radio programs, video data such as movies, television programs, video programs, photographs, documents, pictures and charts, games and software, etc. .
  • the content server 1610 generates a plurality of data files at different bit rates for the same content.
  • the content server 1611 includes the URL information of the content server 1610 in the content playback device 1620, including information on parameters to be added to the URL by the content playback device 1620. Send.
  • this matter will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 65 is an explanatory diagram showing a data flow in the content reproduction system of FIG.
  • the content server 1610 encodes the same content data at different bit rates, and generates, for example, a 2 Mbps file A, a 1.5 Mbps file B, and a 1 Mbps file C as shown in FIG. In comparison, file A has a high bit rate, file B has a standard bit rate, and file C has a low bit rate.
  • the encoded data of each file is divided into a plurality of segments.
  • the encoded data of file A is divided into segments “A1”, “A2”, “A3”,... “An”
  • the encoded data of file B is “B1”, “B2”, “B3”,... “Bn” is segmented
  • the encoded data of file C is segmented as “C1”, “C2”, “C3”,. .
  • Each segment consists of one or more video encoded data and audio encoded data that can be reproduced independently, starting with an MP4 sync sample (for example, IDR-picture for AVC / H.264 video encoding). It may be constituted by. For example, when video data of 30 frames per second is encoded by a GOP (Group of Picture) having a fixed length of 15 frames, each segment is 2 seconds worth of video and audio encoded data corresponding to 4 GOPs. Alternatively, it may be video and audio encoded data for 10 seconds corresponding to 20 GOP.
  • an MP4 sync sample for example, IDR-picture for AVC / H.264 video encoding.
  • GOP Group of Picture
  • each segment is 2 seconds worth of video and audio encoded data corresponding to 4 GOPs.
  • it may be video and audio encoded data for 10 seconds corresponding to 20 GOP.
  • the playback range (the range of time position from the beginning of the content) by the segments with the same arrangement order in each file is the same.
  • the playback ranges of the segment “A2”, the segment “B2”, and the segment “C2” are the same and each segment is encoded data for 2 seconds
  • the segment “A2”, the segment “B2”, and The playback range of the segment “C2” is 2 to 4 seconds for the content.
  • the content server 1610 When the content server 1610 generates the file A to the file C composed of such a plurality of segments, the content server 1610 stores the file A to the file C. Then, as shown in FIG. 65, the content server 1610 sequentially transmits segments constituting different files to the content playback device 1620, and the content playback device 1620 performs streaming playback of the received segments.
  • the content server 1610 transmits a playlist file (MPD: MediaMPPresentation Description) including the bit rate information and access information of each encoded data to the content playback device 1620, and the content playback device 1620. Selects one of a plurality of bit rates based on the MPD, and requests the content server 1610 to transmit a segment corresponding to the selected bit rate.
  • MPD MediaMPPresentation Description
  • FIG. 66 is an explanatory diagram showing a specific example of MPD.
  • MPD includes access information regarding a plurality of encoded data having different bit rates (BANDWIDTH).
  • BANDWIDTH bit rates
  • the MPD shown in FIG. 66 indicates that each encoded data of 256 Kbps, 1.024 Mbps, 1.384 Mbps, 1.536 Mbps, and 2.048 Mbps exists, and includes access information regarding each encoded data.
  • the content playback device 1620 can dynamically change the bit rate of encoded data to be streamed based on the MPD.
  • the content playback device 1620 is not limited to such an example.
  • the content playback device 1620 is an information processing device such as a PC (Personal Computer), a home video processing device (DVD recorder, VCR, etc.), a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a home game device, or a home appliance. Also good.
  • the content playback device 1620 may be an information processing device such as a mobile phone, a PHS (Personal Handyphone System), a portable music playback device, a portable video processing device, or a portable game device.
  • FIG. 67 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the content server 1610.
  • the content server 1610 includes a file generation unit 1631, a storage unit 1632, and a communication unit 1633.
  • the file generation unit 1631 includes an encoder 1641 that encodes content data, and generates a plurality of encoded data having the same content and different bit rates, and the MPD described above. For example, when the file generation unit 1631 generates encoded data of 256 Kbps, 1.024 Mbps, 1.384 Mbps, 1.536 Mbps, and 2.048 Mbps, the MPD as illustrated in FIG. 66 is generated.
  • the storage unit 1632 stores a plurality of encoded data and MPD having different bit rates generated by the file generation unit 1631.
  • the storage unit 1632 may be a storage medium such as a nonvolatile memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and an MO (Magneto-Optical) disk.
  • Non-volatile memory includes, for example, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only ⁇ Memory) and EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM).
  • Examples of the magnetic disk include a hard disk and a disk type magnetic disk.
  • Examples of the optical disc include CD (Compact Disc), DVD-R (Digital Versatile Disc Recordable), and BD (Blu-Ray Disc (registered trademark)).
  • the communication unit 1633 is an interface with the content reproduction device 1620 and communicates with the content reproduction device 1620 via the network 1612. More specifically, the communication unit 1633 has a function as an HTTP server that communicates with the content reproduction device 1620 according to HTTP. For example, the communication unit 1633 transmits the MPD to the content reproduction device 1620, extracts encoded data requested from the content reproduction device 1620 based on the MPD according to HTTP from the storage unit 1632, and transmits the encoded data to the content reproduction device 1620 as an HTTP response. Transmit encoded data.
  • FIG. 68 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the content reproduction apparatus 1620.
  • the content playback device 1620 includes a communication unit 1651, a storage unit 1652, a playback unit 1653, a selection unit 1654, and a current location acquisition unit 1656.
  • the communication unit 1651 is an interface with the content server 1610, requests data from the content server 1610, and acquires data from the content server 1610. More specifically, the communication unit 1651 has a function as an HTTP client that communicates with the content reproduction device 1620 according to HTTP. For example, the communication unit 1651 can selectively acquire an MPD or encoded data segment from the content server 1610 by using HTTP Range.
  • the storage unit 1652 stores various information related to content reproduction. For example, the segments acquired from the content server 1610 by the communication unit 1651 are sequentially buffered. The segments of the encoded data buffered in the storage unit 1652 are sequentially supplied to the reproduction unit 1653 by FIFO (First In First Out).
  • FIFO First In First Out
  • the storage unit 1652 adds a parameter to the URL by the communication unit 1651 based on an instruction to add a parameter to the URL of the content described in the MPD requested from the content server 1611 described later, and accesses the URL.
  • the definition to do is memorized.
  • the playback unit 1653 sequentially plays back the segments supplied from the storage unit 1652. Specifically, the playback unit 1653 performs segment decoding, DA conversion, rendering, and the like.
  • the selection unit 1654 sequentially selects, in the same content, which segment of the encoded data to acquire corresponding to which bit rate included in the MPD. For example, when the selection unit 1654 sequentially selects the segments “A1”, “B2”, and “A3” according to the bandwidth of the network 1612, the communication unit 1651 causes the segment “A1” from the content server 1610 as illustrated in FIG. ”,“ B2 ”, and“ A3 ”are acquired sequentially.
  • the current location acquisition unit 1656 acquires the current position of the content playback device 1620, and may be configured with a module that acquires the current location, such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver.
  • the current location acquisition unit 1656 may acquire the current position of the content reproduction device 1620 using a wireless network.
  • FIG. 69 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of the content server 1611. As illustrated in FIG. 69, the content server 1611 includes a storage unit 1671 and a communication unit 1672.
  • the storage unit 1671 stores the MPD URL information.
  • the MPD URL information is transmitted from the content server 1611 to the content reproduction device 1620 in response to a request from the content reproduction device 1620 that requests content reproduction.
  • the storage unit 1671 stores definition information when the content playback device 1620 adds a parameter to the URL described in the MPD.
  • the communication unit 1672 is an interface with the content reproduction device 1620 and communicates with the content reproduction device 1620 via the network 1612. That is, the communication unit 1672 receives an MPD URL information request from the content reproduction device 1620 that requests content reproduction, and transmits the MPD URL information to the content reproduction device 1620.
  • the MPD URL transmitted from the communication unit 1672 includes information for adding a parameter by the content reproduction device 1620.
  • the parameters added to the MPD URL by the content playback device 1620 can be variously set by definition information shared by the content server 1611 and the content playback device 1620. For example, information such as the current position of the content playback device 1620, the user ID of the user who uses the content playback device 1620, the memory size of the content playback device 1620, the storage capacity of the content playback device 1620, and the like. Can be added to the MPD URL.
  • the encoder 1641 of the content server 1610 has the function of the image encoding device (for example, the image encoding device 100 or the image encoding device 300) according to the above-described embodiment.
  • the playback unit 1653 of the content playback device 1620 has the function of the image decoding device (for example, the image decoding device 200 or the image decoding device 400) according to the above-described embodiment.
  • transmission / reception of data encoded by the present technology can suppress a reduction in image quality due to encoding / decoding.
  • wireless packet transmission / reception is performed until a specific application is operated after a P2P (Peer to Peer) connection is established.
  • P2P Peer to Peer
  • wireless packet transmission / reception is performed from the time when the specific application to be used is specified until the P2P connection is established and the specific application is operated. Thereafter, after connection in the second layer, radio packet transmission / reception is performed when a specific application is started.
  • 70 and 71 are examples of wireless packet transmission / reception from the establishment of the above-described P2P (Peer to Peer) connection until a specific application is operated, and shows an example of communication processing by each device serving as the basis of wireless communication. It is a sequence chart. Specifically, an example of a procedure for establishing a direct connection leading to a connection based on the Wi-Fi Direct (Direct) standard (sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi P2P) standardized by the Wi-Fi Alliance is shown.
  • Direct Wi-Fi Direct
  • Wi-Fi Direct multiple wireless communication devices detect each other's presence (Device Discovery, Service Discovery).
  • WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup
  • Wi-Fi Direct a communication group is formed by determining whether a plurality of wireless communication devices play a role as a parent device (Group Owner) or a child device (Client).
  • some packet transmission / reception is omitted.
  • packet exchange for using WPS is necessary, and packet exchange is also necessary for exchange of Authentication Request / Response.
  • FIG. 70 and FIG. 71 illustration of these packet exchanges is omitted, and only the second and subsequent connections are shown.
  • 70 and 71 show examples of communication processing between the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702, but the same applies to communication processing between other wireless communication devices.
  • Device Discovery is performed between the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702 (1711).
  • the first wireless communication device 1701 transmits a Probe request (response request signal) and receives a Probe response (response signal) for the Probe request from the second wireless communication device 1702.
  • the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702 can discover each other's presence.
  • Device Discovery can acquire the device name and type (TV, PC, smartphone, etc.) of the other party.
  • Service Discovery is performed between the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702 (1712).
  • the first wireless communication device 1701 transmits a Service Discovery Query that inquires about the service supported by the second wireless communication device 1702 discovered by Device Discovery.
  • the first wireless communication device 1701 receives a Service Discovery Response from the second wireless communication device 1702, thereby acquiring a service supported by the second wireless communication device 1702.
  • a service or the like that can be executed by the other party can be acquired by Service Discovery.
  • Services that can be executed by the other party are, for example, service and protocol (DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) DMR (Digital Media Renderer), etc.).
  • DLNA Digital Living Network Alliance
  • DMR Digital Media Renderer
  • connection partner selection operation (connection partner selection operation) is performed by the user (1713).
  • This connection partner selection operation may occur only in one of the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702.
  • a connection partner selection screen is displayed on the display unit of the first wireless communication device 1701, and the second wireless communication device 1702 is selected as a connection partner on the connection partner selection screen by a user operation.
  • Group Owner Negotiation is performed between the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702 (1714).
  • 70 and 71 show an example in which the first wireless communication device 1701 becomes the group owner (Group Owner) 1715 and the second wireless communication device 1702 becomes the client (Client) 1716 based on the result of Group Owner Negotiation.
  • L2 (second layer) link establishment
  • Secure link establishment (1718)
  • L4 setup (1720) on L3 by IP ⁇ Address Assignment (1719), SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) or the like is sequentially performed.
  • L2 (layer2) means the second layer (data link layer)
  • L3 (layer3) means the third layer (network layer)
  • L4 (layer4) means the fourth layer (transport layer) ).
  • the user designates or activates a specific application (application designation / activation operation) (1721).
  • This application designation / activation operation may occur only in one of the first wireless communication device 1701 and the second wireless communication device 1702.
  • an application designation / startup operation screen is displayed on the display unit of the first wireless communication apparatus 1701, and a specific application is selected by a user operation on the application designation / startup operation screen.
  • connection between AP (Access Point) and STA (Station) is performed within the scope of the specifications before Wi-Fi Direct (standardized by IEEE802.11).
  • Wi-Fi Direct standardized by IEEE802.11.
  • connection partner when searching for a connection candidate partner in Device Discovery or Service Discovery (option), information on the connection partner can be acquired.
  • the information of the connection partner is, for example, a basic device type, a corresponding specific application, or the like. And based on the acquired information of a connection other party, a user can be made to select a connection other party.
  • This mechanism can be expanded to realize a wireless communication system in which a specific application is specified before connection at the second layer, a connection partner is selected, and the specific application is automatically started after this selection. Is possible.
  • An example of the sequence leading to the connection in such a case is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 72 shows a configuration example of a frame format (frame format) transmitted and received in this communication process.
  • FIG. 72 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of a frame format transmitted and received in communication processing by each device that is the basis of the present technology. That is, FIG. 72 shows a configuration example of a MAC frame for establishing a connection in the second layer. Specifically, it is an example of a frame format of Association Request / Response (1787) for realizing the sequence shown in FIG.
  • the MAC frame shown in FIG. 72 is basically the Association Request / Response frame format described in sections 7.2.3.4 and 7.2.3.5 of the IEEE802.11-2007 specification. However, the difference is that it includes not only Information (Element (hereinafter abbreviated as IE) defined in the IEEE802.11 specification but also its own extended IE.
  • IE Information
  • IE Type Information Element ID (1761)
  • Length field (1762) and the OUI field (1763) follow, followed by vendor specific content (1764).
  • Vendor specific content a field indicating the type of vendor specific IE (IE type (1765)) is first provided. Then, it is conceivable that a plurality of subelements (1766) can be stored thereafter.
  • the contents of the subelement (1766) include the name (1767) of a specific application to be used and the role of the device (1768) when the specific application is operating.
  • information such as a port number used for the control of a specific application (information for L4 setup) (1769) and information about Capability (Capability information) in the specific application may be included.
  • the Capability information is information for specifying, for example, that audio transmission / reproduction is supported, video transmission / reproduction, and the like when the specific application to be specified is DLNA.
  • the method for transmitting such information is not limited to such an example.
  • these pieces of information may be transmitted or recorded as separate data associated with the encoded bitstream without being multiplexed into the encoded bitstream.
  • the term “associate” means that an image (which may be a part of an image such as a slice or a block) included in the bitstream and information corresponding to the image can be linked at the time of decoding. Means. That is, information may be transmitted on a transmission path different from that of the image (or bit stream).
  • Information may be recorded on a recording medium (or another recording area of the same recording medium) different from the image (or bit stream). Furthermore, the information and the image (or bit stream) may be associated with each other in an arbitrary unit such as a plurality of frames, one frame, or a part of the frame.
  • this technique can also take the following structures.
  • a generation unit that generates a plurality of pieces of color difference phase information related to the phase of the color difference signal of the image data including a plurality of layers;
  • An encoding unit for encoding each layer of the image data;
  • An image encoding apparatus comprising: a transmission unit configured to transmit a plurality of pieces of color difference phase information generated by the generation unit and encoded data of the image data generated by the encoding unit.
  • the generation unit further generates, in each picture, index information indicating which of the plurality of color difference phase information is to be applied, The image encoding device according to (1), wherein the transmission unit further transmits the index information.
  • the image encoding apparatus transmits a plurality of the color difference phase information and the index information in a sequence parameter set (SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)).
  • the transmission unit transmits a plurality of the color difference phase information in a sequence parameter set (SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)) and transmits the index information in a picture parameter set (PPS (Picture Parameter Set)).
  • the image encoding device according to any one of (3) to (3).
  • the generation unit further generates information indicating the number of the color difference phase information,
  • the image transmission device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the transmission unit further transmits information indicating the number of the color difference phase information generated by the generation unit.
  • the generation unit generates the color difference phase information for each picture, The image encoding device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the transmission unit transmits the color difference phase information in a picture parameter set (PPS (Picture Parameter Set)).
  • PPS Picture Parameter Set
  • the generation unit generates the color difference phase information for each of a top field and a bottom field, The image transmission apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the transmission unit transmits the color difference phase information of both fields generated by the generation unit.
  • the generation unit further generates control information for controlling the upsampling of the image data to be performed on a field basis,
  • the image transmission device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the transmission unit further transmits the control information generated by the generation unit.
  • a color difference phase setting unit that sets the phase of the color difference signal of the image data;
  • the image encoding device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the generation unit generates color difference phase information indicating a phase of the color difference signal set by the color difference phase setting unit.
  • an upsampling control unit that controls upsampling of the image data so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal set by the color difference phase setting unit;
  • the image coding device according to any one of (1) to (9), further comprising: an upsampling unit that upsamples a base layer of the image data according to control of the upsampling control unit.
  • a downsampling control unit that controls downsampling of the image data so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal set by the color difference phase setting unit;
  • the image coding apparatus according to any one of (1) to (10), further comprising: a downsampling unit that downsamples an enhancement layer of the image data according to control of the downsampling control unit.
  • An acquisition unit that acquires encoded data of image data including a plurality of layers and a plurality of color difference phase information related to the phase of the color difference signal of the image data;
  • An upsampling control unit for controlling upsampling of decoded image data of the encoded data so as to apply the phase of the color difference signal indicated by any of the plurality of color difference phase information acquired by the acquisition unit;
  • An upsampling unit that upsamples a base layer of the decoded image data according to the control of the upsampling control unit;
  • a decoding unit that decodes the enhancement layer of the encoded data acquired by the acquisition unit using the upsampled image data obtained by upsampling the base layer of the decoded image data by the upsampling unit.
  • the acquisition unit further acquires, in each picture, index information indicating which of the plurality of color difference phase information is to be applied,
  • the upsampling control unit specifies the color difference phase information to be applied using the index information.
  • the image decoding device according to any one of (15) to (19).
  • the acquisition unit acquires a plurality of the color difference phase information and the index information transmitted in a sequence parameter set (SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)). (13), (14), (16) to (19 The image decoding device according to any one of the above.
  • SPS Sequence Parameter Set
  • the acquisition unit includes a plurality of the color difference phase information transmitted in a sequence parameter set (SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)), and the index information transmitted in a picture parameter set (PPS (Picture Parameter Set)).
  • SPS Sequence Parameter Set
  • PPS Picture Parameter Set
  • the image decoding device according to any one of (13) to (15) and (17) to (19).
  • the acquisition unit acquires the chrominance phase information for each picture transmitted in a picture parameter set (PPS (Picture Parameter Set)).
  • PPS Picture Parameter Set
  • the acquisition unit further acquires information indicating the number of the color difference phase information, A color difference phase information number determination unit that determines the number of color difference phase information acquired by the acquisition unit based on information indicating the number of color difference phase information acquired by the acquisition unit. 17) The image decoding device according to any one of (19). (19) The acquisition unit further acquires control information for controlling the upsampling of the image data to be performed on a field basis, The image decoding device according to any one of (13) to (18), wherein the upsampling control unit controls upsampling of the decoded image data in accordance with the control information acquired by the acquisition unit.
  • a base layer encoding unit that encodes a base layer of image data and generates encoded data
  • An upsample of each frame of the decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data obtained in the encoding of the image data by the base layer encoding unit is subjected to a scanning scheme frame rate conversion process performed on the image data.
  • An upsampling unit for generating an upsampled image of the decoded image data;
  • An image encoding apparatus comprising: an enhancement layer encoding unit that encodes an enhancement layer of the image data using the upsampled image generated by the upsampling unit and generates encoded data.
  • the image encoding device (21), wherein the upsampling unit performs the upsampling on a field basis or a frame basis.
  • the upsampling unit includes: A frame having no time difference between the first field and the second field of the decoded image data is subjected to the upsampling on a frame basis, The image coding apparatus according to (21) or (22), wherein the frame having a time difference between the first field and the second field performs the upsampling on a field basis.
  • the image encoding device according to any one of (21) to (23), wherein the scanning method frame rate conversion processing is a 2: 3 pull-up.
  • the upsampling unit performs the upsampling on a field basis or a frame basis based on information indicating whether the 2: 3 pull-up of the encoded data of the base layer has been performed.
  • the information on the upsample includes the phase information on the upsample when the upsample is performed on a frame basis.
  • the information on the upsample is stored in a slice header of each slice of the current picture of the encoded data when the current picture includes a plurality of slices.
  • (21) to (31) The image encoding device described.
  • the upsampling unit includes: When the base layer encoding unit and the enhancement layer encoding unit perform frame encoding, the up-sampling is performed on a field basis or a frame basis, The image encoding device according to any one of (21) to (32), wherein when the base layer encoding unit and the enhancement layer encoding unit perform field encoding, the upsampling is performed on a field basis.
  • the image encoding device according to any one of (21) to (33), wherein the base layer encoding unit and the enhancement layer encoding unit encode the image data using different encoding methods.
  • (35) Encode the base layer of image data to generate encoded data;
  • the up-sampling of each frame of the decoded image data obtained by decoding the encoded data obtained in the encoding of the image data is performed by a method according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data.
  • a base layer decoding unit that decodes encoded data obtained by encoding a base layer of image data; The upsampling of each frame of the decoded image data of the base layer obtained by decoding the decoded data by the base layer decoding unit according to the scanning method frame rate conversion processing method performed on the image data
  • An image decoding apparatus comprising: an enhancement layer decoding unit that decodes encoded data obtained by encoding an enhancement layer of the image data using the upsampled image generated by the upsampling unit.
  • the image decoding device according to (36), wherein the upsampling unit performs the upsampling on a field basis or a frame basis.
  • the upsampling part A frame having no time difference between the first field and the second field of the decoded image data is subjected to the upsampling on a frame basis,
  • An acquisition unit that acquires information about the upsample is further provided, The upsampling unit selects whether to perform the upsampling on a field basis or a frame basis on the basis of information on the upsampling acquired by the acquisition unit.
  • An image decoding apparatus according to claim 1.
  • the image decoding device according to any one of (36) to (40), wherein the information related to the upsample includes information indicating whether the upsample is performed on a field basis or a frame basis.
  • the image decoding device according to any one of (36) to (41), wherein the information about the upsample includes one phase information about the upsample when the upsample is performed on a frame basis.
  • the image decoding device according to any one of (36) to (42), wherein the information about the upsample includes two pieces of phase information about the upsample when the upsample is performed on a field basis.
  • the upsampling part When the base layer decoding unit and the enhancement layer decoding unit perform frame decoding, the up-sampling is performed on a field basis or a frame basis, The image decoding device according to any one of (36) to (46), wherein when the base layer decoding unit and the enhancement layer decoding unit perform field decoding, the up-sampling is performed on a field basis. (48) The image decoding device according to any one of (36) to (47), wherein the base layer decoding unit and the enhancement layer decoding unit decode the encoded data using different decoding methods.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de codage d'image et un dispositif et un procédé de décodage d'image avec lesquels on peut supprimer une réduction de la qualité d'image due à un codage ou un décodage. Le dispositif de codage d'image est équipé des éléments suivants : une unité de génération qui génère de multiples instances d'informations de phase de différence de couleur relatives à la phase d'un signal de différence de couleur de données d'images comprenant de multiples couches ; une unité de codage qui code chaque couche des données d'images ; et une unité de transmission qui transmet les multiples instances des informations de phase de différence de couleur générées par l'unité de génération et les données codées générées pour les données d'images par l'unité de codage. La présente invention peut par exemple être appliquée à un dispositif de traitement d'image tel qu'un dispositif de codage d'image qui code de manière évolutive des données d'images, ou à un dispositif de décodage d'image qui décode des données codées, les données d'images ayant été codées de manière évolutive.
PCT/JP2014/067120 2013-07-12 2014-06-27 Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image WO2015005136A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013-146739 2013-07-12
JP2013146739 2013-07-12
JP2014-064890 2014-03-26
JP2014064890 2014-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015005136A1 true WO2015005136A1 (fr) 2015-01-15

Family

ID=52279822

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2014/067120 WO2015005136A1 (fr) 2013-07-12 2014-06-27 Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015005136A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11288661B2 (en) * 2011-02-16 2022-03-29 Visa International Service Association Snap mobile payment apparatuses, methods and systems
US11354723B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2022-06-07 Visa International Service Association Smart shopping cart with E-wallet store injection search
US11397931B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2022-07-26 Visa International Service Association Multi-directional wallet connector apparatuses, methods and systems
US11763294B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2023-09-19 Visa International Service Association Remote decoupled application persistent state apparatuses, methods and systems
US11900359B2 (en) 2011-07-05 2024-02-13 Visa International Service Association Electronic wallet checkout platform apparatuses, methods and systems

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06205397A (ja) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-22 Toshiba Corp 動画像符号化装置
JPH1118092A (ja) * 1997-06-27 1999-01-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 画像符号化方法および画像復号化方法
JP2008005183A (ja) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 映画素材に適した映像符号化方法および符号化装置
JP2009538085A (ja) * 2006-11-17 2009-10-29 エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド ビデオ信号のデコーディング／エンコーディング方法及び装置
JP2013034159A (ja) * 2011-06-30 2013-02-14 Panasonic Corp 動画像復号化装置および動画像復号化方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06205397A (ja) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-22 Toshiba Corp 動画像符号化装置
JPH1118092A (ja) * 1997-06-27 1999-01-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 画像符号化方法および画像復号化方法
JP2008005183A (ja) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 映画素材に適した映像符号化方法および符号化装置
JP2009538085A (ja) * 2006-11-17 2009-10-29 エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド ビデオ信号のデコーディング／エンコーディング方法及び装置
JP2013034159A (ja) * 2011-06-30 2013-02-14 Panasonic Corp 動画像復号化装置および動画像復号化方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BENJAMIN BROSS ET AL.: "High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) text specification draft 10 (for FDIS & Last Call", JOINT COLLABORATIVE TEAM ON VIDEO CODING (JCT-VC) OF ITU-T SG 16 WP3 AND ISO /IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 JCTVC-L1003_V34, ITU-T, 19 March 2013 (2013-03-19), pages 278 - 297 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11288661B2 (en) * 2011-02-16 2022-03-29 Visa International Service Association Snap mobile payment apparatuses, methods and systems
US11900359B2 (en) 2011-07-05 2024-02-13 Visa International Service Association Electronic wallet checkout platform apparatuses, methods and systems
US11397931B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2022-07-26 Visa International Service Association Multi-directional wallet connector apparatuses, methods and systems
US11763294B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2023-09-19 Visa International Service Association Remote decoupled application persistent state apparatuses, methods and systems
US11803825B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2023-10-31 Visa International Service Association Multi-directional wallet connector apparatuses, methods and systems
US11354723B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2022-06-07 Visa International Service Association Smart shopping cart with E-wallet store injection search

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6525073B2 (ja) 画像処理装置および方法
US20230276072A1 (en) Image processing apparatus and image processing method
JP6741126B2 (ja) 画像復号装置および方法
JP6607414B2 (ja) 画像符号化装置および方法
WO2015005137A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image
JP2018121336A (ja) 画像処理装置および方法
WO2014050695A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de traitement d'image
WO2014203763A1 (fr) Dispositif de décodage, procédé de décodage, dispositif de codage et procédé de codage
WO2015005136A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image
WO2015064402A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de traitement d'image
WO2015005132A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de codage d'image, et dispositif et procédé de décodage d'image
AU2016213857B2 (en) Image Processing Device
WO2015064401A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de traitement d'images
JP2015005893A (ja) 画像処理装置および方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14823405

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 14823405

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP