WO2014209859A1 - Surveillance de contrainte de conducteur de puits - Google Patents

Surveillance de contrainte de conducteur de puits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014209859A1
WO2014209859A1 PCT/US2014/043615 US2014043615W WO2014209859A1 WO 2014209859 A1 WO2014209859 A1 WO 2014209859A1 US 2014043615 W US2014043615 W US 2014043615W WO 2014209859 A1 WO2014209859 A1 WO 2014209859A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
cables
measurement cable
cable
optical fiber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/043615
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014209859A9 (fr
Inventor
Anthony A. RUFFA
Original Assignee
Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/270,516 external-priority patent/US9347842B2/en
Application filed by Naval Undersea Warfare Center filed Critical Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Publication of WO2014209859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014209859A1/fr
Publication of WO2014209859A9 publication Critical patent/WO2014209859A9/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to measuring strain and bending stresses in a well conductor, and more particularly to a plurality of Bragg gratings written onto an optical fiber that is integrated into an armored cable wrapped around the well conductor.
  • the well conductor is a primary structural member for a well. As such, it is necessary to accurately understand the loadings that the well conductor is subjected to. Deformation of the conductor can result in significant misalignment of the well axis and production from the well can be lost.
  • the system should also be sufficiently rugged so as to withstand the anticipated loadings. In a :he system should have sufficient capacity to provide measurement data from the full length of the well conductor.
  • a well conductor strain monitoring system includes a plurality of fiber optic Bragg grating sensors capable of measuring strain.
  • the Bragg gratings are written onto a single optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber is integrated into a steel or synthetic cable that is wrapped around the well conductor.
  • the cable consists of steel strands wound around a core containing the optical fiber to form an armored cable to protect the optical fiber.
  • the armored cable is further integrated into a larger steel or synthetic strength cable to sustain the anticipated loads on the conductor. For example, a 3/8" steel cable can withstand working tensions in the thousands of pounds, and is sufficiently ruggedized to protect the fiber from damage.
  • the strength cable is then wrapped around the conductor under tension and anchored at both ends. The cable is wound at a prescribed angle so as to have
  • the cable clamp fixtures are oriented at a low helical angle.
  • the cable clamps can be either welded directly to the conductor, or secured to a worm gear clamp having a galvanized or stainless steel band with slots, similar to a common hose clamp. Once tensioned, the cable remains stationary against the conductor and holds a p Strain gages are spaced along the optical fiber, such that the strain gages are
  • a conductor strain monitoring system includes an optical fiber.
  • a plurality of evenly spaced Bragg 85 grating sensors can be formed on the fiber.
  • a plurality of cables can be wound about the optical fiber to form a
  • the measurement cable is helically wound and tensioned about the conductor at a helical angle.
  • the spacing of the 90 Bragg gratings and the helical angle are configured such that the measurement cable is held in position relative to the conductor and the Bragg grating sensors are spaced radially 90 degrees apart about the conductor.
  • the cables include armoring cables wound about the cables
  • a first clamp secures a first end of the measurement cable to the conductor and a second clamp secures the opposite end of the measurement cable to the conductor.
  • At least one of the clamps is disposed on the well
  • One or both of the clamps can include a captive screw and a band having threads thereon.
  • the measurement cable is fixed to the band.
  • the screw engages the threads such that rotation of the screw moves the band and the
  • the armoring cables are fabricated from either steel or Kevlar.
  • the strength cables may be fabricated from either steel or Kevlar.
  • at least one of10 the clamps can be configured as a hose clamp.
  • a conductor strain monitoring system includes an optical fiber having a plurality of Bragg grating sensors formed thereon.
  • the grating sensors are spaced evenly along a length of the optical fiber.
  • a plurality of armoring15 cables can be wound about the optical fiber.
  • a water block material encases the armoring cables and a plurality of strength cables can be woun " " he armoring cables. The optical fiber, the armoring cables, the water block and the strength cables form a measurement cable.
  • measurement cable is helically wound and tensioned about the conductor at a angle such that the measurement cable is held in position relative to the conductor and the grating sensors are spaced radially 90 degrees apart about the conductor.
  • the system includes a first clamp securing a first end of the measurement cable to the conductor and a second clamp securing a distal end to the conductor. At least one of the first or second clamps is disposed on the conductor at the aforesaid helical angle. One or both of the clamps include a captive screw and a band having threads thereon.
  • measurement cable is fixed to the band.
  • the screw engages the threads such that rotation of the screw moves the band and the measurement cable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis the measurement cable.
  • FIG . 1 is a partial isometric view of a well conductor strain measurement system
  • FIG . 2 is a cross-sectional view of an armored and strengthened optical fiber for use in the system of FIG . 1 ; and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic isometric view of a clamp for use in the system of FIG. 1.
  • the strain measurement system 10 includes a measurement cable 12 helically wound on the prior art well conductor 5.
  • the measurement cable 12 is wrapped around the conductor 5 in tension and is secured to the conductor by clamps 14 at respective ends 12a and 12b of the measurement cable.
  • the clamps 14 can be affixed to the conductor 5, such as by welding.
  • the number of turns of the measurement cable 12 around the conductor 5 is determined by a helical angle a at which the clamps 14 are fixed to the conductor.
  • the measurement cable 12 will remain stationary against the conductor 5.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a cross-sectional view of the measurement cable 12 taken at line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • An optical fiber 16 forms the core of the measurement cable 12.
  • Bragg gratings 18 (one of which is shown schematically in FIG. 2) are written onto the fiber 16.
  • the gratings 18 are spaced evenly along a length of the fiber 16. Spacing of the Bragg gratings 18 along the fiber 16 is based on a helical angle a (FIG. 1) , such that the Bragg gratings align along the length of the conductor 5 (as indicated by location marks ⁇ in FIG. 1) .
  • the Bragg gratings 18 are spaced so as to align radially 90 degrees apart on opposite sides of the conductor 5.
  • a is the radius of the right circular cylinder
  • ⁇ measures angular extent alo— " ⁇ ⁇ J rcular extent of the cylinder
  • 2 b is the increase in height due to one full
  • the helical angle a is
  • Water blocking material 22 covers the armoring cables 20 and the fiber 16.
  • a plurality of strength cables 24 are wound around the blocking material 22 to provide the strength required to withstand anticipated loadings. Two layers of the
  • ⁇ 05 strength cables 24 are shown for illustration and not for
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a schematic isometric view of a configuration for clamps 14. It will be understood that the clamps 14 at the ends 12a and 12b may each
  • !IO have different configurations depending on the method used for winding the measurement cable 12 onto the conductor 5.
  • the configuration of the clamp 14 in FIG. 3 is in the manner of well-known hose clamps.
  • a base 32 of the clamp 14 is fixed to the conductor 5
  • a band 34 is positioned on the base 32 so as to be movable over the base in the directions shown by double arrow A.
  • a gear housing 36 is positioned over the band 34 and is affixed to the base 32.
  • a screw 38 (shown in phantom in FIG. 3) is rotatably fixed within the housing 36
  • the measurement cable 12 is fixed at an end 34b of the band 34, such that movement in the
  • the measurement cable 12 can be tensioned about the conductor 5, or loosened for removal from the conductor.
  • the composite cable 12 is then wrapped around the well
  • the cable 12 is wound at a prescribed angle (a) so as to have multiple wraps around the conductor 5. Once tensioned, the composite measurement cable 12 remains
  • the Bragg grating strain gages 18 are spaced along the optical
  • the cables will be wrapped around the conductor in a helical pattern.
  • the actual bending strain will thus depend
  • the strain gages 18 on opposite sides of the conductor 5 move as the conductor bends; thereby, providing a measure of the bending, once the outputs of opposite strain gages are subtracted in the manner known in the art.
  • the strain gages 18 on opposite sides of the conductor 5 move as the conductor bends; thereby, providing a measure of the bending, once the outputs of opposite strain gages are subtracted in the manner known in the art.
  • ⁇ 65 18 located at opposite sides of the conductor 5 and spaced 90 degrees apart support the estimation of bending in any direction.
  • the conductor 5 can be other than a well conductor.
  • the system 10 is compatible
  • the armoring cables 20 and the strength cables 24 may be fabricated from various materials adequate to protect the fiber 16 and provide strength
  • Materials can include, but are not necessarily limited to, steel and Kevlar. Additionally, the armoring cables 20 and the strength cables 24 may each be of different materials, again depending on the known forces and
  • the clamps 14 can each be configured separately.
  • the measurement cable 12 can be anchored by the clamp 14 (as illustrated in FIG. 3) at the first end 12a.
  • the 505 length of the measurement cable 12 can then be wound onto the conductor 5 under moderate tension, and the end 12b can be securely anchored to the conductor by means of a simple u- shaped clamp welded directly to the conductor.
  • the screw 38 of the clamp 14 at the end 12a can then be rotated to tighten

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de surveillance de contrainte de conducteur de puits qui comprend une pluralité de capteurs de réseau de Bragg à fibres optiques imprimés sur une seule fibre optique. Des torons de câble sont enroulés autour de la fibre optique pour former un câble armé protégeant la fibre. Le câble armé est en outre intégré à un câble de portage pour apporter de la robustesse. Ce câble de portage est ensuite enroulé autour du conducteur tendu et ancré au niveau des deux extrémités. Le câble est enroulé selon un angle prescrit de façon à présenter plusieurs enroulements autour du conducteur. Une fois tendu, le câble reste immobile contre le conducteur et reste en position. Les jauges extensométriques sont espacées le long de la fibre optique, de sorte qu'elles soient espacées de 90° les unes des autres lorsque le câble est enveloppé autour du conducteur. Cette orientation supporte l'estimation de courbure quelle que soit la direction.
PCT/US2014/043615 2013-06-26 2014-06-23 Surveillance de contrainte de conducteur de puits WO2014209859A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361839429P 2013-06-26 2013-06-26
US61/839,429 2013-06-26
US14/270,516 US9347842B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2014-05-06 Well conductor strain monitoring
US14/270,516 2014-05-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014209859A1 true WO2014209859A1 (fr) 2014-12-31
WO2014209859A9 WO2014209859A9 (fr) 2015-02-26

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2014/043615 WO2014209859A1 (fr) 2013-06-26 2014-06-23 Surveillance de contrainte de conducteur de puits

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014209859A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107059619A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-08-18 浙锚科技股份有限公司 一种平行钢丝桥梁智能斜拉索
CN113482686A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-10-08 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 一种应力监测系统、巷道及其施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5212755A (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Armored fiber optic cables
US6659640B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2003-12-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fiber optic temperature measurement system and method
US7245791B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2007-07-17 Shell Oil Company Compaction monitoring system
US7461561B2 (en) * 2002-08-26 2008-12-09 Shell Oil Company Apparatuses and methods for monitoring stress in steel catenary risers
US7496246B1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2009-02-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ruggedized fiber optic sound velocity profiler

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5212755A (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Armored fiber optic cables
US6659640B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2003-12-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fiber optic temperature measurement system and method
US7461561B2 (en) * 2002-08-26 2008-12-09 Shell Oil Company Apparatuses and methods for monitoring stress in steel catenary risers
US7496246B1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2009-02-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ruggedized fiber optic sound velocity profiler
US7245791B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2007-07-17 Shell Oil Company Compaction monitoring system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107059619A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-08-18 浙锚科技股份有限公司 一种平行钢丝桥梁智能斜拉索
CN113482686A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-10-08 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 一种应力监测系统、巷道及其施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014209859A9 (fr) 2015-02-26

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