WO2014202048A1

WO2014202048A1 - Spacer element, shaped charge body, explosive charge and associated kit

Info

Publication number: WO2014202048A1
Application number: PCT/DE2014/100174
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sven-Christian Hesse; Detlef Lambertus; Roy Jones
Original assignee: Atlas Elektronik Gmbh
Priority date: 2013-06-18
Filing date: 2014-05-21
Publication date: 2014-12-24
Also published as: DE102013106335A1; EP3011257B1; EP3011257A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a hollow charge body comprising a receptacle for an expansion element (111), especially a metal insert, a cylinder (203) and a closure element (205), the cylinder and the closure element defining a chamber. Said chamber has an opening (257) so that any excess explosive present in the chamber is discharged when the cylinder and the closure element are adjusted relative to each other. The hollow charge body is configured in such a way that the chamber may produce at least two or more defined volume values.

Description

Spacer element, shaped charge body and explosive device

associated kit

The invention relates to a distance pass element, in particular distance pass ring, with a passage opening and a circumferential circulation passage surface

Hollow charge body with a receptacle for an expansion element, in particular a metal insert, a cylinder and a closure element, wherein the cylinder and closure element form a cavity and the cavity has an opening, so that in the cavity superfluous explosive exits in an adjustment of the cylinder and closure element, an explosive device, which has the shaped charge body and a kit.

[02] Hollow charges are used as cutting charges in material processing. With cutting charges can be defined by means of a directed detonation, for example, metal plates are severed. Also, for impressing one or more holes, a shaped charge can be used.

[03] In such material processing, it is imperative that the shaped charge / cutting charge is adapted exactly to the material to be processed. If this were not the case, for example, required tolerances for the hole size could not be met. Thus, for example, different shaped charges for certain hole dimensions are mass-produced. Also in the destruction of unexploded ordnance, such as sea mines, shaped charges are used. In this case, the mine is generally subjected to a sufficiently large hollow charge, so that an exploding of the dud is guaranteed.

[05] However, there are situations in which an exploding of the dud must be ruled out. Thus, a dud near a pipeline can not be exploded, as in these cases, the pipeline could be destroyed and this could lead to an environmental disaster or supply shortages. Thus, in addition to a hollow charge for the complete destruction of the dud, a variety of shaped charges with different penetration depths or hole diameters or opening characteristics must be maintained. For example, since it is sufficient in a mine species to destroy the electronics and / or over a period of several weeks to expose them to seawater.

[06] The object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[07] The object is achieved by a distance pass element, in particular distance pass ring, with a passage opening, a circumferential circulation fitting surface, with a frontal convex fitting surface with a Einpassradius R _E to a first focus and the Einfüfläche opposite foot-side concave pressure wave reflection surface with a reflection radius R _R. a second focus, wherein the first and second focus are formed on the foot side. [08] With the existing spacer element, it is possible to set a defined amount of explosive in a hollow charge in a chamber. The amount of explosive regularly has an influence on the penetration depth, so that adaptable to a shaped charge explosive device can be adapted to a variety of situations.

[09] In addition, the configuration of the radius R _{R of} the concave pressure wave reflection surface of the (pressure wave) - focus can be changed so that the

Opening characteristic defined, for example, the broken hole can change.

[10] Thus, a component can be provided by defined blowing characteristics are set in place, without the provision of multiple prepared different shaped charge explosive device is necessary.

[11] The following terminology is explained in advance and should apply to the entire text.

[12] The "spacer element" is in particular a ring-shaped element which can be introduced into a shaped charge explosive device so that after assembly the chamber filled with explosive is reduced by the volume of the spacer element, in particular the spacer element "snuggles" exactly into the chamber so that there are more side cavities

(Additional chambers) or too large joints and gaps are prevented. [13] In particular, a "passage opening" is provided, so that when a shaped charge explosive device is assembled, excessive explosive can pass out of the chamber through the passage opening and / or an ignition of the explosive is possible.

[14] The "circumferential circulation mating surface" is in particular produced in such a way that it can be exactly fitted into a chamber of the shaped charge explosive device so that no additional cavities are created the distance (gap) between circulation pass and

Cylinder inner surface of the chamber limited to a few hundredths of a millimeter. The permissible distance value depends in particular on the viscosity of the explosive to be used.

[15] Similar to the "convex fitting surface", the explanations given for the circulating surface are the same as for the "convex fitting surface", where the chamber in the shaped charge explosive device has a concave one matching the "convex fitting surface"

Pressure wave reflection surface on. Furthermore, the convex mating surface forms a "fitting radius R _E. " Example values for this fitting radius R _E are values between 0.5 cm and 1.00 m, preferably values between 0.5 cm and 30 cm can be used Focus is arranged to the concave pressure wave reflection surface within the Hohladunsgs- explosive device. when this focus is directed to an inserted expander (liner).

The "concave pressure wave reflection surface" by the curvature of a shift

Pressure wave reflection surface of the shaped charge explosive device. The "concave pressure wave reflection surface" has the "reflection radius R _R " on. Due to the concave curvature, a pressure wave forming by explosion of the explosive can be concentrated in an associated focus. Example values for this reflection radius R _R are values between 0.3 cm and 1.00 m, wherein preferably values between 0.3 cm and 30 cm can be used. It is particularly advantageous if the focus is arranged to the concave pressure wave reflection surface within the Hohladunsgs- explosive device. It is particularly effective when this focus is directed to an inserted expansion element (liner).

[16] The "focus" is the location where the pressure wave is concentrated The center of the focus essentially coincides with the center of an imaginary sphere or an imaginary (sectional) circle, which coincides with its (partial) sphere or describes with its (partial) circular line pressure wave reflection surface and / or mating surface or their sections.

In one embodiment, the spacer element is made of an inert material, so that a generation of a spark is excluded. Thus, a safe storage and transporting a later hollow charge explosive can be ensured.

[19] "Inert material" is, in particular, a dimensionally stable plastic which is pourable, and in particular polyethylene (PE) or polyamide or the like, as well as mixtures thereof, can be used as the plastic.

In order to influence the blasting characteristic only via the parameter quantity of explosive, the first and the second focus can be located at the same position. In this case, for example, with a constant blasted hole size, the penetration depth can be varied defined.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the object is achieved by a shaped hollow body with a receptacle for an expansion element, in particular a metal insert, a cylinder and a closure element, wherein cylinder and closure element form a chamber and the chamber has an opening, so that in the Chamber located superfluous explosive at a mutually adjusting the cylinder and closure element exits, wherein the shaped charge body is configured such that at least two or more defined volume values can be formed through the chamber.

[22] Thus, a shaped charge body can be provided which is adjustable at a place of operation to the local conditions. A provision of different explosive charges is no longer necessary because a variety of blasting characteristics through the different adjustable volume values of the chamber can be realized.

[23] The following is explained:

[24] A "shaped charge body" is a body which is equipped with explosives and an expansion element and forms a hollow charge, also known as a shaped charge explosive, in which the shaped charge body has both the cavity for expanding the expansion element and a "chamber" which of the explosives is located. Cavity and chamber are separated from each other in particular by the expansion element.

[25] The "admission for an expansion element" serves for the defined fixation of an expansion element.

In particular, the fixation is done in one direction. In a simple implementation, this can be done by a circumferential projection within the shaped charge body.

[26] The "cylinder" and the "closure element" essentially form the body of the hollow charge body in the assembled state. The cavity and the expansion element can be arranged both in the cylinder and in the closure element. The chamber can each be arranged in the cylinder or in the closure element or can also be formed by the interaction of cylinder and closure element.

[27] The "chamber" is used to hold the explosive The chamber walls are in particular by the cylinder and / or formed the closure element. The one lateral boundary is made by the expansion element and the other boundary in particular by a concave pressure wave reflection surface, which in turn formed in particular by the cylinder and / or the closure element. Furthermore, in this case concave pressure wave reflection surface can be designed such that their focus is partially disposed in the expansion element.

[28] "Adjustment" in particular takes place continuously, in its simplest form this can be done by screwing together cylinder and closure element.

[29] The "opening" allows communication from the interior of the chamber to the outside, and in particular two things can be realized: firstly, superfluous explosives can escape from the chamber to the outside, and secondly provide external access to the explosives in the chamber so that the explosive can be detonated.

In particular, plastic explosives such as C4 or PBX (polymer-bound explosives) are used as "explosives." C4 consists in particular of 91% hexogen, 5.3% bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), 2.1 % Polyisobutylene and 1.6% mineral oil Their plasticity allows these explosives to completely fill the chamber during adjustment so that pore formation or the formation of trapped air can be avoided.

[31] Since the depth of penetration has a functional relationship with the chamber volume filled with explosives, it is possible to use "defined volume values" the penetration depth can be set for different materials to be penetrated.

[32] In one embodiment, the shaped charge body has a distance adjusting element, which on one side delimits a displacement of cylinder and closure element, so that the chamber forms one of the defined volume values.

[33] Thus, a mechanically simple realization of the adjustable chamber volume can be provided.

For example, the cylinder may have a plurality of laterally offset threaded bores into which a screw can be introduced. Now cylinder and closure element are pushed together or twisted to each other limits the write further adjustment. If this screw is removed and moved back into another threaded hole, the result is a smaller chamber volume after complete displacement. Also, for example, clipable spacer rings can be placed on the cylinder from the outside, in which case the cylinder has staggered grooves for the spacer rings.

[35] In order to provide an alternative method for the defined adjustment of the chamber volume, the shaped charge body may have a previously described spacer element, wherein the spacer element is arranged in the chamber, so that the remaining space of the chamber forms one of the defined volume value. [36] In particular, the chamber volume can thus be adjusted while maintaining the focus since, for example, the spacer element has a correspondingly adapted pressure wave reflection surface.

[37] In a further embodiment, the shaped charge body has further previously mentioned spacer elements, so that the further remaining space of the chamber forms one of the further defined volume values.

[38] Thus, by a juxtaposition of spacer elements, the chamber volume can be adjusted defined.

[39] In order to reduce the component quantity, an expansion element can be arranged in the receptacle for an expansion element.

[40] The expansion element in question is also called a liner. The resulting in an explosion pressure and heat wave can plastically deform the liner, so that in particular a directional pressure and / or heat wave arises.

[41] Such liners are used in particular in

Deep-drawing process produced and have a low material thickness.

[42] In a further embodiment, the expansion element has the shape of a disk, a hemisphere, a cone or a truncated cone or mixed forms thereof. [43] These shapes can change the blast characteristic in a controlled way. This results in a sharp cone with a conical tip in the focus of the (reflected) pressure wave and a small, nearly round hole. If a disk is used on the center of which the focus is directed, this leads in particular to fringed and / or torn holes. Such holes are useful, for example, in marine mines, since after blasting the sea mine remains untouched for a few months and penetrates over the frayed hole seawater into the mine, so that rotting or corrosion of the ignition electronics.

To provide a further degree of design for the explosive effect, the

Metal expansion element, in particular copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, uranium, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, niobium or alloys thereof. Depending on the selection, the penetration depth and / or the hole characteristic can be influenced.

[45] In another embodiment, the shaped charge body has a concave pressure wave reflection surface, the focus of which lies within the chamber or the cavity.

[46] Thus, the hole characteristic can in turn be influenced by the defined shifting of the focus.

[47] In order to ensure safety during transport or storage, the hollow charge body can be made of an inert material, so that the occurrence of a spark is excluded. [48] At this point, reference is made to the comments on the inert material above, which apply analogously here.

[49] Furthermore, the object can be achieved by an explosive device with a previously described

Hollow charge body, wherein the chamber is completely filled with an explosive and in the opening an ignition element is arranged.

[50] This explosive device can be assembled on site according to the desired specifications and used directly. An order of a special explosive device or a corresponding provision of explosive devices can be omitted.

[51] In addition, a catalog can be used to specify a configuration for specific mines or applications to be cleared so that on-site customization is done correctly. Material-dependent blasting characteristics can also be provided in a catalog.

[52] In a further aspect of the invention, the object can be achieved by a kit for producing a hollow charge body described above, wherein the kit has the cylinder and the closure element, so that when a combination of cylinder and closure element of the shaped charge body can be produced.

[53] Thus, the components necessary for blasting can be provided.

In a related embodiment, the kit has a previously described spacer element and / or the distance adjustment on. Thus, an adaptable blasting system can be provided.

In order to provide a complete explosive device, the kit may include the expansion element and / or an ignition element and / or an explosive.

[56] In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a

Spacer ring and a liner,

Figure 2 is a highly schematic

Exploded view of a cut explosive and

Figure 3 is a highly schematic representation of a

Kit in a top view.

[57] A spacer ring 101 is made of plastic. The spacer ring 101 has an opening 103, which of a pressure wave reflecting surface 107 with

Reflection radius R _R leads to a fitting face 105 with Einpassradius R _E. The spacer ring 101 has a cylindrical shape with a circulation fitting surface 109.

[58] The radii R _R and R _E have the common focus 121. The focus 121 is directed to the tip of a conical liner 111, also called a metal insert. The liner has been made by deep drawing and hollow inside. By means of the illustrated spacer ring 101, the chamber of a shaped charge 201 is defined defined. The hollow charge 201 is configured rotationally symmetrical about a center line 202. The shaped charge comprises the cylinder 203 and the closure 205.

[60] The cylinder 203 has an external thread 239 which is arranged on the cylinder outer casing 231. The cylinder 203 is hollow inside and has a cylinder inner casing 233. In addition, the

Cylindrical inner shell 233 stepped designed so that a Lineraufnähme 235 is formed. When introduced liner 111, the cavity 241 forms. In addition, the cylinder 203 has a bottom opening 237.

[61] The closure 205 has an internal thread, which extends to the stop 251. In addition, the closure 205 has a closure inner jacket 253 and the reflection surface 255 with radius R _E. In addition, a closure opening 257 is arranged in the closure 205.

[62] The internal thread of the closure 205 and the external thread 239 of the cylinder 203 are arranged to each other such that by a mutual screwing of cylinder 203 and closure 205, a shaped charge body is formed. By stopper 251 is given a closed chamber shaped body between a liner 111, cylinder 203 and closure 205 forming chamber with a fixed volume.

[63] An explosive device can be manufactured as follows (see Figure 2 and Merging directions 211). In the Cylinder 203 is inserted from above the liner 211. In addition, in the shutter 205 is also inserted from above the spacer ring 101 such that the engagement surface 105 coincides with Einpassradius R _E with the reflection surface 255 of radius R _E. The C4 plastic explosive 207 is hand formed into an elongate body and placed between the liner 111 and the spacer ring 101. Subsequently, the cylinder 103 is screwed with liner 111 introduced with the closure 205 with the introduced spacer ring and located in the chamber C4-Kunststoffsprengsoff.

Due to its plasticity, the plastic explosive fills the entire space between liner 111 and spacer ring 101 and excess C4 plastic explosive is conveyed through the opening 103 and closure opening 257 to the outside.

[65] After the shutter 205 has been rotated on the cylinder 203 so long that the stopper 251 contacts the cylinder 203, the excess outward C4 plastic explosive is removed and an igniter 209 is inserted into the shutter opening 257.

[66] The resulting hollow charge 201 is now operational. At the location of the insert, the hollow charge 201 is attached with its bottom opening 237 where the blasting result is to take place. After ignition, a directional pressure wave emerges which emerges from the bottom opening 237. The associated depth of penetration is less than that which would arise if one Assembling the hollow charge 201 of the spacer ring 101 would not be used.

[67] A kit 301 suitable for variable use is shown in FIG. The kit is arranged in a case which has a foam in its interior, are provided in the receptacles for the individual components.

The kit 301 comprises a cylinder 203, a closure 205, C4 plastic explosive 207, a spacer ring 101 and a further spacer ring, which is designed as a spacer ring 311.

[69] In addition, different liners made of different materials are provided. A tapered liner 321 made of copper, a hemispherical liner 323 made of copper, a disk 325 made of copper and a conical liner 331 made of aluminum, a hemispherical liner 333 made of aluminum and a disk 335 made of aluminum. In addition, kit 301 includes two detonators 209.

Reference sign list

101 spacer ring

103 opening

105 fitting surface with fitting radius R _E

107 Pressure wave reflection surface with reflection radius R _E

109 circulation pass

111 metal insert (liner)

121 focus

201 hollow charge

202 center line

203 cylinders

205 closure

207 plastic explosive

209 detonators

211 arrows

231 Cylinder outer jacket

233 cylinder inner jacket

235 liner pickup

237 floor opening

239 external thread

241 cavity

251 stop

253 closure inner jacket

255 reflection surface with radius R _E

257 shutter opening

301 Bausat z

311 spacer ring

321 Liner in conical shape made of copper

323 Liner with hemispherical shape made of copper

325 lens-shaped liners made of copper 331 Liner in conical shape made of aluminum

333 aluminum hemispherical liner

335 aluminum washer

Claims

Claims:

1. distance pass element (101), in particular distance pass ring, with a passage opening (103), a circumferential circulation mating surface (109), with an end convex Einpassfläche (105) with a Einpassradius R _E to a first focus (121) and one of the Einfüllfläche opposite foot side Concave pressure wave reflection surface (107) having a reflection radius R _R to a second focus (121), wherein the first and second focus are formed on the foot side.

2. Distance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer element is made of an inert material, so that a generation of a spark is excluded.

3. Distance element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second focus are located at the same position.

4. shaped hollow body with a receptacle for an expansion element (111), in particular a metal insert, a cylinder (203) and a closure element (205), wherein the cylinder and closure element form a chamber and the chamber has an opening, so located in the chamber superfluous explosive (207) exits at a mutually adjusting the cylinder and closure element, characterized in that the shaped charge body is designed such that at least two or more defined volume values can be formed through the chamber.

5. Hollow charge body according to claim 4, characterized by a distance adjusting element, which limits on one side displacement of the cylinder and closure element, so that the chamber forms one of the defined volume value.

6. Hollow charge body according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized by a spacer element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spacer element is arranged in the chamber, so that the remaining space of the chamber forms one of the defined volume value.

7. shaped hollow body according to claim 6, characterized by further spacer elements according to one of claims 1 to 3, so that the further remaining space of the chamber forms one of the further defined volume values.

8. shaped charge body according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that in the receptacle for an expansion element, an expansion element is arranged.

9. shaped charge body according to claim 8, characterized in that the expansion element has the shape of a disc (325, 335), a hemisphere (323, 333), a cone (321, 331) or a truncated cone or mixed forms thereof.

10. Hollow-charge body according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the expansion element made of metal, in particular copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, uranium, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, niobium or alloys thereof.

11, shaped charge body according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the shaped charge body has a concave pressure wave reflection surface (255), the focus lies within the chamber or the cavity.

12. Hollow charge body according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the shaped charge body made of an inert material, so that a generation of a spark is excluded.

13. explosive device (201) with a shaped charge body according to one of claims 4 to 12, wherein the chamber is completely filled with an explosive and in the opening an ignition element (209) is arranged.

14 kit (301) for producing a shaped charge body according to one of claims 4 to 12, wherein the kit comprises the cylinder and the closure element, so that in an assembly of cylinder and closure element of the shaped charge body can be produced.

15. Kit according to claim 14, characterized by the spacer element according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or the Abstandsverstellelement.

16. Kit according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized by the expansion element and / or an ignition element and / or an explosive.