WO2014197968A1 - Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014197968A1 WO2014197968A1 PCT/CA2014/000486 CA2014000486W WO2014197968A1 WO 2014197968 A1 WO2014197968 A1 WO 2014197968A1 CA 2014000486 W CA2014000486 W CA 2014000486W WO 2014197968 A1 WO2014197968 A1 WO 2014197968A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- shaft
- liquid
- liquid separator
- comer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012872 hydroxylapatite chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F3/00—Cooling or drying of air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
- E21F1/085—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators using compressed gas injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
- F25B9/065—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders using pressurised gas jets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/608—Sulfates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/24—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by centrifugal force
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to hydraulic gas compressors.
- the invention relates to uses and systems incorporating the same.
- HAC Hydraulic Air Compressor
- an hydraulic gas compressor for cooling an underground mine.
- the compressed gas produced by the hydraulic gas compressor being mixed with the airstream of an gas intake ventilation shaft of an underground mine to lower the temperature of the airstream.
- a method for cooling an underground mine involves supplying compressed gas from an hydraulic gas compressor to an gas intake airstream of a ventilation shaft of an underground mine to lower the temperature of the airstream.
- a system for cooling an underground mine includes: a ventilation shaft for delivering an airstream to an underground mine; and a hydraulic gas compressor for supplying compressed gas to the ventilation airstream.
- a ventilation shaft for delivering an airstream to an underground mine
- a hydraulic gas compressor for supplying compressed gas to the ventilation airstream.
- expanding the compressed gas and mixing it with the airstream decreases the overall temperature of the airstream.
- the hydraulic gas compressor comprises a down-comer shaft, a gas-liquid separator in communication with an outlet of the down-comer shaft and an inlet of an outlet shaft that transports compressed gas to the air intake ventilation shaft.
- the compressed gas is transported through a network of conduit prior to entering the air intake ventilation shaft.
- the compressed gas enters the air intake ventilation shaft through a nozzle.
- the nozzle resembles a venturi jet pump.
- the diameter of the air intake ventilation shaft is reduced in a collar section with a gradual angling of the air intake ventilation shaft walls towards the collar section and a more gradual angling of the walls away from the collar section at the point where the compressed air is introduced into the airstream of the ventilation shaft.
- the system includes: an hydraulic gas compressor; a gas inlet for injecting gas or atmospheric air into water prior to or once the water enters the down- comer shaft; a first gas-liquid separator at the outlet of the down-comer shaft for exhausting a first compressed gas into an gas intake ventilation shaft of a mine; a riser shaft for transporting water from the first gas-liquid separator to a second gas-liquid separator. The formerly dissolved gases are exhausted at the second gas-liquid separator into the gas intake ventilation shaft of the mine.
- the first gas-liquid separator is a high pressure separator and/or the second gas-liquid separator is a low pressure separator.
- the first and second gas- liquid separator being centrifugal separators or separation galleries.
- the centrifugal separator is a cyclone, hydrocyclone, cyclonic chamber or funnel.
- the diameter of the air intake ventilation shaft is reduced in a collar section with a gradual angling of the air intake ventilation shaft walls towards the collar section and a more gradual angling of the walls away from the collar section at the point where the compressed air is introduced into the airstream of the ventilation shaft.
- the system further comprises a conduit from the second gas-liquid separator for recirculating the liquid to the down-comer shaft.
- a pump is positioned in series with the conduit for recirculating the liquid to the down-comer shaft.
- a cooling heat exchanger is placed in series with the conduit.
- a co-solute is added to the liquid in the down-comer shaft.
- the co-solute being, for example, a salt, such as sodium sulphate.
- At least portions of the system are provided as insulated conduit.
- the system further comprises: a second hydraulic gas compressor; a second air inlet connected to the second gas-liquid separator for introducing gas into liquid prior to or once the liquid enters a second down-comer shaft; a third gas-liquid separator at the outlet of the second down-comer shaft for exhausting a second compressed gas into an air intake ventilation shaft or drift of a mine; a second riser shaft for transporting liquid from the third gas-liquid separator to a fourth gas-liquid separator, wherein oxygen is exhausted at the fourth gas-liquid separator into the air intake ventilation shaft of the mine.
- a method for separating chemical compounds from a gaseous mixture such as an exhaust combustion gas from a plant.
- the method involves the steps of: injecting the gaseous mixture into a down-comer shaft of a hydraulic gas compressor to generate a two-phase mixture of gas and liquid; removing one species within the gaseous phase mixture of the two-phase mixture before the outlet of the down-comer shaft by dissolving it in the liquid; separating the gaseous phase from the liquid phase at the bottom of the downcomer shaft; isothermally depressurizing the separated liquid portion of the two-phase mixture to recover previously dissolved gaseous species thereform; and either exhausting the previously dissolved species or collecting them for economic purpose.
- a system for separating chemical compounds from a gaseous mixture such as an exhaust combustion gas.
- the system includes: a hydraulic gas compressor comprising a down-comer shaft, a gas-liquid separator in communication with an outlet of the down-comer shaft and an inlet of an outlet shaft; a connection to bring the gaseous mixture to the hydraulic gas compressor; a primary compressed gas outlet connected to the gas-liquid separator to deliver high pressure, separated, compressed gas; and a secondary outlet positioned near or in conjunction with the outlet of the outlet shaft for exhausting or collecting isothermally decompressed gas from the mixture of liquid and formerly dissolved gas.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for cooling a building.
- the method involving supplying compressor gas from a closed-loop hydraulic gas compressor to the atmospheric air of a building; and depressurizing the compressed gas allowing it to expand and cool the atmospheric air.
- a receiver vessel is positioned in series with the compressed gas outlet.
- a co-solute is added to the liquid in the down-comer shaft.
- the co-solute being, for example, a salt, such as sodium sulphate.
- At least portions of the system are provided as insulated conduit.
- the separated compressed gas comprises nitrogen gas.
- the previously dissolved chemical compounds comprise carbon dioxide.
- a domestic gas conditioner system having: a gas-liquid separator for positioning in a borehole; a down-comer shaft connected to an inlet port on the gas- liquid separator; a delivery pipe connected to the gas-liquid separator for transporting compressed gas from the gas-liquid separator; a return pipe for returning liquid to the down- comer shaft; and an gas intake for introducing gas into liquid prior to or near when the liquid enters the down-comer shaft.
- a vapour compression refrigerator having: a gas-liquid separator; a down-comer shaft connected to an inlet port on the gas-liquid separator; a delivery pipe connected to the gas-liquid separator for transporting compressed gas from the gas-liquid separator to a condensing heat exchanger, an expansion device and an evaporating heat exchanger; a return pipe for returning liquid to the down-comer shaft; and an gas intake for introducing gas from the evaporating heat exchanger into liquid prior to or near when the liquid enters the down-comer shaft.
- the gas is a refrigerant, such as R22 or Rl 34a.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic gas compressor
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic gas compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic gas compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic gas compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGs. 5a-f are schematic diagrams of hydraulic gas compressors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGs. 6a-c are schematic diagrams of hydraulic gas compressors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of minimum work vapour compression refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an HGC 1 includes a down- comer shaft 2, having a water inlet 3 and a water outlet 4.
- the water inlet 3 being in fluid communication with a natural or man-made source of moving water, such as a river or the like.
- a gas intake 5 introduces, by means of varying mechanisms, air or gas into the stream of water flowing down the down-comer shaft 2.
- the down-comer shaft 2 terminates in a chamber 6 buried below the surface of the earth.
- the length of the riser shaft 8 can vary depending on the amount of gas compression desired. The deeper into the earth that the chamber 6 is positioned, thus extending the length of the riser shaft 2, the greater the compression of the gas. Depths of 100m or more produce sufficient compression to allow for the compressed gas to be used in industrial applications.
- the chamber 6 houses a combination of compressed gas and liquid, mostly in the form of water.
- the compressed gas can be exhausted through a compressed gas outlet 7, which is interconnected with a network that is capable of transporting the compressed gas to one or more endpoints, which will be discussed in further detail below.
- An riser shaft 8 having an inlet 9 connected to the chamber 6 and an outlet 10 in fluid communication with a surface body of water, transports the water from the chamber 6 to the surface water body.
- This surface water body can be directly or indirectly connected to the same source of water that feeds the down-comer shaft 2 or can be a separate watercourse altogether.
- the outlet shaft 8 may be directly or indirectly connected to a pump at the surface water body and returned to the primary water source that feeds the down-comer shaft 2. If the outlet shaft 8 is directly connected to the pump, then a cooling heat exchanger may be added in series with the conduit to transfer any heat accumulated in the water.
- hydraulic gas compressors described herein are not just used to compress air and that other gases can be compressed by such hydraulic gas compressors.
- air and “gas” are used interchangeably herein to describe the same element.
- methane natural gas
- the gas could be in the form of refrigerants, such as, but not limited to, R22 or R134a.
- refrigerants such as, but not limited to, R22 or R134a.
- the use of water could be replaced by another liquid, particularly when the liquid is returned to the intake of the down-comer shaft by means of a pump.
- alternative liquids could be selected based on the differential pressure solubility in the selected liquid of the gaseous species in the gaseous mixture to be separated. Water may be the most frequently selected solvent due to its availability and low cost relative to other solvents, however, both "water” and “liquid” are used interchangeably herein to describe the same element.
- the compressed gas exhausted by the HGC 1 could be used to reduce the temperature of air flowing to a mine (FIG. 4).
- the compressed gas outlet directly or indirectly, depending on whether the compressed gas is delivered to the mine through a network, terminates at a mine ventilation shaft or drift 30, or is temporarily stored in a receiver, mixes with the airstream traveling down the ventilation shaft or drift 30 to the mine 31.
- compressed gas introduced into the ventilation air from the HGC 1 can pass through a nozzle to a mine airway shaped similarly to 135 in Figure 4, such that this embodiment could act as an integrated mine air cooler and mine air booster fan.
- the concept of the HGC is provided as a closed loop
- the down-comer shaft 102 is not in fluid communication with a natural water body. Instead, water is recycled and propelled into the down-comer shaft 102 by a pump 1 10.
- a pump 1 10 Prior to or at the same time as the water enters the down-comer shaft 102, ambient air is injected into the stream of water by gas inlet 112.
- the conduit carrying the water can be narrowed and the walls of the conduit properly angled to the narrowed portion to produce an arrangement similar to a venturi injector. At the narrow portion of the venturi injector, ambient air is drawn into the system through the gas inlet 112.
- the mixture of gas and water travels down the down-comer shaft to a gas-liquid separator system, or cyclone 122. Similar to the gaseous mixture separation system described above, as the air/water mixture travels down the down-comer shaft 102, 0 2 in the air will be dissolved in the water and the N 2 will be compressed and released in the form of gas at the compressed gas outlet 123 attached to the gas-liquid separator system 122.
- the N 2 gas exhausted from the high pressure gas-liquid separator system 122 can be transferred to air intake ventilation shaft of the mine.
- a receiver vessel 60 may be placed in series with the compressed gas outlet 123 in order to store the compressed gas produced at the gas-liquid separator system 122.
- Regulators and/or valves 61 can be placed along the length of the compressed gas outlet 123 to control flow rate into the receiver vessel 60 and/or air intake ventilation shaft of the mine.
- the air intake ventilation shaft 30 may be configured to resemble a venturi jet pump 135 prior to the atmospheric air from the surface being drawn into the mine workings 31. In this case, the gas compressed outlet 123 terminates at or near the entrance of the venturi jet pump 135 allowing for the atmospheric air to be enriched with compressed N 2 .
- the air intake ventilation shaft or drift 30 is configured to resemble a venturi jet pump 135, the diameter of the air intake ventilation shaft 30 is reduced in a collar section 90, with a gradual angling of the air intake ventilation shaft walls towards the collar section 90 and a more gradual angling of the walls away from the collar section 90.
- This arrangement allows for cooler air, having a consistency similar to atmospheric air, to be drawn into the mine workings 31 and up the upcast exhaust shaft 158 by main mine fan 170.
- Water exiting the high pressure gas-liquid separator system 122 has 0 2, and to a much lesser extent N 2 , dissolved therein. As this water travels up a riser shaft 140, at least a portion of the 0 2 and N 2 dissolved in the water is isothermally depressurized, so that when the gas and water mixture is delivered to a second low-pressure gas-liquid separator 150, the 0 2 and N 2 are exhausted through an exhaust port 151, which can, in certain applications, terminate at a position along the air intake ventilation shaft 30.
- the second or low pressure gas-liquid separator 150 can be designed similar to the high pressure gas-liquid separator 122 or can have a different structure depending upon the installation and application.
- the second gas-liquid separator will also be able to separate gas from liquid using forced centrifugal separation. Since the gas traveling through exhaust port 151, contains mostly 0 2 and to a much lesser degree N 2 , this gas can be added to the atmospheric air being drawn into air intake ventilation shaft 30 to enrich the 0 2 concentration thereof. This allows for the air eventually reaching the mine workings 31 to have a consistency, in terms of the percentages of 0 2 and N 2 contained therein, that is more similar to atmospheric air.
- the gaseous mixture passing through gas intake 5 comes from an exhaust outlet 20 from a plant 21 (FIG. 2).
- the plant 21 will be a fossil fuel powered plant, so the combustion gases will predominantly comprise C0 2 , water vapour, and N 2 , with much smaller concentrations of undesirable species such as NO x , S0 2 , and possibly unburnt hydrocarbons or 0 2 , if the plant operated with significant excess air.
- the combustion gas comprises only C0 2 , H 2 0 and N 2.
- Henry's Law (see for example, the useful compilation of Henry's Law constants in Sander, 1999, http://www.henrys-law.org or Battino et al, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 13(2):563- 600, 1984, both of which are incorporated herein by reference) governing the pressure solubility of gases can be described: where ?, is the partial pressure of the gas species in the gas phase, K t is Henry's constant for species / and x, is the maximum mol fraction (concentration) of the species in the solvent (water), known as the solubility.
- a gas-liquid separation system 22 provided at the outlet 4 of the down-comer shaft 2 at the depth (pressure) at which the C0 2 becomes completely dissolved will cause the C0 2 to be separated from the input gas stream as it will leave by being dissolved in the water passing through the gas-liquid separation system 22.
- the gas-liquid separation system 22 can be, but is not limited to, a forced centrifugal separator, such as a cyclone, hydrocyclone, cyclonic chamber or funnel as shown in Figure 2 or a separation gallery 6 as shown in Figure 1.
- a forced centrifugal separator the water and gas mixture that enters the separator is forced against the interior of the separator in a manner that generates a swirling or cyclonic movement of the mixture.
- a receiver vessel 60 may be positioned in series along the compressed gas outlet 23 or the distribution network attached thereto.
- the flow will be two phase and so the gas stream can be separated from the water with another gas-liquid separation system 25 having a secondary gas outlet 26 (as shown in Figure 2).
- the second gas-liquid separation system 25 can be of similar configuration to the first gas-liquid separator 22, or can have a different configuration. In this case, the gaseous phase of the gas and water mixture will be under less pressure than when the mixture passed through the first gas-liquid separator.
- Gas dissolved in the water that is separated at depth provides a mechanism for compressed gas to escape the receiver plenum.
- the leakage has a direct bearing on the mechanical efficiency of the installation for air compression.
- one means to mitigate the portion of the loss of efficiency that arises due to gas solubility is to consider the use of a co-solute.
- gas solubility reduces as the dissolved salt concentration increases.
- sodium sulphate could be added to the circulating water of an open or closed loop HAC.
- a second means to mitigate efficiency loss due to solubility is to operate these systems at higher temperature than previously considered for run-of- river systems.
- water circulating in insulated pipe work will gradually rise in temperature as a result of the heat transferred to it during the compression of the gas.
- the flow exiting the first HAC can be passed to a second, similar HAC system.
- This arrangement will be particularly advantageous when the purity of the C0 2 stream is low.
- the solubility of gases in water depends on the gas species partial pressure
- the second HAC system less of the N 2 will dissolve as the pressure increases, than dissolved in the first HAC system at the same pressure.
- the high pressure gas-liquid separator 22 at depth less N 2 will be carried, dissolved, in the liquid phase.
- the purity of the C0 2 will be higher.
- 0 2 When additional gas species are considered in the system, such as 0 2 , which may be present due to the combustion process taking place in excess air, whether or not these species predominantly arrive at the high pressure overflow 23 or the low pressure overflow 25 depends on their relative pressure solubility; 0 2 has Henry's constant value of 77.94 MPa/(mol/dm 3 ), about half that of N 2 , meaning that it is about twice as soluble in water as N 2 . The bulk of the 0 2 will be carried up the riser 8 dissolved in the water, but undissolved 0 2 will arrive at the overflow of the high pressure cyclone 22, reducing the purity of the predominantly N 2 stream.
- HGC high pressure separation cyclone 22
- the elevation of the high pressure separation cyclone 22 is located at a depth where the oxygen can be taken to have dissolved completely.
- the overflow of this cyclone will produce a high purity stream of compressed nitrogen gas.
- Regulators, valves, switches and the like can be positioned at various spots along the HGC and related systems to control flow of water, air and/or gases. These regulators, valves and switches can be controlled by a microprocessor and related circuitry.
- FIG. 5a The concept of the closed-loop HGC system described above can be used for a domestic air conditioning system, as shown in FIG. 5a.
- a borehole 200 is provided as the riser shaft.
- a gas-liquid separator 201 similar to the ones described above, is housed in the borehole 200, which is fed by a down-comer shaft 202.
- Compressed gas that is separated from the water in the gas-liquid separator 201 is exhausted from the gas-liquid separator 201 by compressed gas delivery pipe 203.
- Compressed gas from the delivery pipe 203 is fed to the domestic structure and depressurized causing expansion and cooling of the air.
- a second gas-liquid separator 208 exhausted by outlet 209 is provided at the top of the riser shaft 200 where the water exits the shaft 200.
- the exhaust outlet 207 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 208.
- FIGs. 5c and 5d Systems incorporating open-loop systems are shown in FIGs. 5c and 5d. In these cases, water is pumped from pump 204 through return 210 to the source of water 21 1 that feeds the down-comer shaft 202. Gas is injected into this system by gas inlet 206 that is positioned in the down-comer shaft 202.
- FIGs. 5e and 5f Systems where the water exiting the riser shaft 200 is not returned to the down-comer shaft 202 are shown in FIGs. 5e and 5f. In these arrangements, the water can be delivered to another watercourse or used for some other purpose.
- the system can include a separation gallery or chamber
- the down-comer shaft 302 empties into a separation gallery or chamber 320, where compressed gas is removed via delivery pipe 303.
- the water in the chamber is allowed to rise in riser shaft 300, where low-pressure gas is exhausted at exhaust outlet 307 (FIGs. 6a and 6b).
- the water is allowed to rise up the riser shaft and is introduced to a gas-liquid separator 308 which is connected to exhaust outlet 307 (FIG. 6c).
- the various reference numerals shown in FIG. 6 correspond to equivalent elements in FIG. 5.
- the HGC described above is modified to act as a minimum work vapour compression refrigerator 400 (FIG. 7).
- the HGC loop shown in FIG. 7, is essentially the same loop as shown for deep mine cooling applications (see FIG. 4).
- the compressed gas that leaves the gas-liquid separator 422 is passed through what would be otherwise known as a conventional mechanical vapour compression refrigeration circuit, including condenser 453, evaporator 454 and expansion valve 455.
- the gas used in this system is typically a refrigerant, such as R22 or R134a.
- the various reference numerals shown in FIG. 7 correspond to equivalent elements in FIG. 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2914433A CA2914433A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof |
AU2014280794A AU2014280794B2 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof |
EP14810133.0A EP3008400A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof |
CN201480042523.0A CN105408701B (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic pressure gas compressor and application thereof |
US14/896,920 US20160115790A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic Gas Compressors and Applications Thereof |
EA201592258A EA030079B1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic gas compressor and applications thereof |
ZA2015/09136A ZA201509136B (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2015-12-15 | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2818357A CA2818357A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2013-06-10 | Hydraulic air compressor applications |
CA2,818,357 | 2013-06-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014197968A1 true WO2014197968A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
Family
ID=52016954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2014/000486 WO2014197968A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160115790A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3008400A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105408701B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014280794B2 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2818357A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA030079B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014197968A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201509136B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017127716A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-23 | Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg | ISOTHERME COMPRESSION FOR A COOLING CIRCUIT |
WO2021046525A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Kenneth Hanson | Linear gas compressor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB522849A (en) * | 1938-08-23 | 1940-06-28 | University Patents Inc | Improvements in processes for reducing the temperatures in mines and devices for accomplishing the same |
JP2002031430A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Okinawa Kaihatsuchiyou Okinawa Sogo Jimukiyokuchiyou | Low-temperature antifreeze manufacturing apparatus, ice-making and heat storage apparatus, and air- conditioning facility utilizing water power |
US6638024B1 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2003-10-28 | Bruce Jay Hancock | Hydraulic air compressor system—employing a body of fluid to provide compression |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US543410A (en) * | 1895-07-23 | taylor | ||
US3538340A (en) * | 1968-03-20 | 1970-11-03 | William J Lang | Method and apparatus for generating power |
US3772202A (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1973-11-13 | Irving Trust Co | Moist road salt composition and process for making the same |
US5620947A (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1997-04-15 | Exxon Production Research Company | Water-based high temperature well servicing composition and method of using same |
WO2007112482A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Shairzal Safety Engineering Pty Ltd | Passive apparatus and method for filtering noxious gases |
CN100580225C (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2010-01-13 | 南京大学 | Temperature lowering device for deep mine |
CA2599471A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-02-28 | Alexandre Cervinka | Underground communication network system for personal tracking and hvac control |
US8894755B2 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2014-11-25 | Statoil Petroleum As | Gas-liquid separator |
JP5437968B2 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2014-03-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Water electrolysis system |
-
2013
- 2013-06-10 CA CA2818357A patent/CA2818357A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-06-10 AU AU2014280794A patent/AU2014280794B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-10 EA EA201592258A patent/EA030079B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-06-10 US US14/896,920 patent/US20160115790A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-10 CA CA2914433A patent/CA2914433A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-10 CN CN201480042523.0A patent/CN105408701B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-06-10 WO PCT/CA2014/000486 patent/WO2014197968A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-10 EP EP14810133.0A patent/EP3008400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-12-15 ZA ZA2015/09136A patent/ZA201509136B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB522849A (en) * | 1938-08-23 | 1940-06-28 | University Patents Inc | Improvements in processes for reducing the temperatures in mines and devices for accomplishing the same |
JP2002031430A (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Okinawa Kaihatsuchiyou Okinawa Sogo Jimukiyokuchiyou | Low-temperature antifreeze manufacturing apparatus, ice-making and heat storage apparatus, and air- conditioning facility utilizing water power |
US6638024B1 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2003-10-28 | Bruce Jay Hancock | Hydraulic air compressor system—employing a body of fluid to provide compression |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KHURMI, R. S. ET AL.: "Textbook of Refrigeration and Airconditioning.", 2006, NEW DELHI, ISBN: 81-219-2781-1, article CHAPTER 4, XP008184060 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2818357A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
US20160115790A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
CN105408701A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
AU2014280794B2 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
EA030079B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 |
ZA201509136B (en) | 2017-03-29 |
EP3008400A1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
AU2014280794A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
CA2914433A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
EA201592258A1 (en) | 2016-04-29 |
CN105408701B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103582792B (en) | Method for natural gas liquefaction | |
US10968725B2 (en) | Method of extracting coal bed methane using carbon dioxide | |
EP3438049B1 (en) | Method of production of low pressure liquid carbon dioxide from a power production system | |
TW201247998A (en) | Systems and methods for controlling stoichiometric combustion in low emission turbine systems | |
WO2007147216A1 (en) | Power generation | |
CN105041395B (en) | A kind of natural gas pipe network pressure energy reclaims utilization system | |
US9702237B2 (en) | Hybrid steam generation with carbon dioxide recycle | |
AU2014280794B2 (en) | Hydraulic gas compressors and applications thereof | |
US20220282833A1 (en) | Large scale cost effective direct steam generator system, method, and apparatus | |
CN104117266B (en) | A kind of multistage non-equilibrium absorption process is separated NH 3and CO 2the device of mist and separating technology thereof | |
Ahn et al. | Process simulation of aqueous MEA plants for post-combustion capture from coal-fired power plants | |
CN104481472B (en) | A kind of CO2 drive output qi leel from re-injection integral method | |
Khalili et al. | Energy and exergy analysis of a novel ejector powered CO2 liquefaction system (EPLS) and comparative evaluation with four other systems | |
EP3102797B1 (en) | Apparatus and method of energy recovery for use in a power generating system | |
US11624299B2 (en) | Large scale cost effective direct steam generator system, method, and apparatus | |
RU2490440C1 (en) | Oil production method | |
EP2096257A1 (en) | Method for increasing the oil recovery of a productive formation | |
CN103791509A (en) | An oxy-fuel boiler system and its operation | |
CN103983084A (en) | Natural gas pressure energy comprehensive utilization complete equipment | |
CN113758040B (en) | Supersonic cyclone two-phase expansion CO 2 Trapping, utilizing and sealing system | |
RU2551704C2 (en) | Method of field processing of hydrocarbon gas for transportation | |
CLUFF | The impact of cryogenics on deep mines | |
UA16122U (en) | Method for utilization of mine methane-air mix | |
Лиинтин et al. | MODERNIZATION OF NATURAL GAS TREATMENT | |
CA2920561C (en) | Steam generation with carbon dioxide recycle |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201480042523.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14810133 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2914433 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14896920 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: IDP00201508617 Country of ref document: ID |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014280794 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20140610 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201592258 Country of ref document: EA |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014810133 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014810133 Country of ref document: EP |