WO2014191216A1 - Foret, procédé de fabrication d'un foret, procédé de réalisation d'un alésage traversant dans une pièce, et utilisation d'un foret - Google Patents

Foret, procédé de fabrication d'un foret, procédé de réalisation d'un alésage traversant dans une pièce, et utilisation d'un foret Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014191216A1
WO2014191216A1 PCT/EP2014/059959 EP2014059959W WO2014191216A1 WO 2014191216 A1 WO2014191216 A1 WO 2014191216A1 EP 2014059959 W EP2014059959 W EP 2014059959W WO 2014191216 A1 WO2014191216 A1 WO 2014191216A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill
section
outer diameter
cutting edge
main cutting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/059959
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Kress
Original Assignee
MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG filed Critical MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG
Priority to EP14724442.0A priority Critical patent/EP3003618A1/fr
Publication of WO2014191216A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014191216A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/009—Stepped drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
    • B23B47/34—Arrangements for removing chips out of the holes made; Chip- breaking arrangements attached to the tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/04—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/88—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/27—Composites
    • B23B2226/275—Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/60—Drills with pilots
    • B23B2251/603—Detachable pilots, e.g. in the form of a drill
    • B23B2251/606—Detachable pilots, e.g. in the form of a drill being a twist drill

Definitions

  • a drill a method of making a drill, a method of inserting a through hole in a workpiece, and using a drill
  • the invention relates to a drill for machining in particular light metals and composite materials according to the preamble of claim 1, a method of manufacturing a drill according to the preamble of claim 10, a method for introducing a through hole in a workpiece according to the preamble of claim 15 and a Use of a drill according to claim 20.
  • Drills of the type discussed here are known.
  • Such a drill has a central axis and an end face, wherein a first portion is provided, which - as seen along the central axis and from the front side - is arranged in front of a second portion.
  • the first section has a first main cutting edge and a first outer diameter.
  • the second section has a second main cutting edge and a second outer diameter.
  • the first outer diameter is smaller than the second outer diameter.
  • Such drills are typically known as step drills and are used in particular for introducing counterbores in workpieces, with the first section the actual bore - usually a blind hole - and with the second section a countersink, for example, a screw head, in the form of a diameter extension is created.
  • Such a drill is not used according to the prior art, to create through holes with constant diameter as viewed along the hole.
  • a first mechanism suggests that heat occurs in a shear zone of the machined material in front of a main cutting edge of the drill.
  • a second mechanism suggests that the drill is circumferentially surrounded by the machined material, where friction occurs and thus heat is generated. The machined material can expand and pinch the drill.
  • a third mechanism suggests that chips worn by major or minor cutting edges of the drill rub against walls of flutes of the drill bit and also on the bore inner wall, which in turn generates heat.
  • the heat produced can theoretically be divided into two categories: The primary heat generated in the shear zone in front of the main cutting edge of the drill is required for the machining process to facilitate the machining of the material.
  • the material is easier to divide by the main cutting edge when it is warm.
  • the secondary heat generated by friction on a periphery of the drill is undesirable.
  • a large part of the primary heat that is directly used during machining is stored in the removed chips so that they are hot. This increases the problem of secondary heat from the chips. It is therefore necessary to dissipate these as quickly and easily.
  • a coolant is typically used during drilling, typically either art conventional cooling lubrication or minimal lubrication.
  • the coolant should on the one hand cool the drill and the machined workpiece and on the other hand cause lubrication of the surfaces rubbing against each other in order to reduce the frictional heat.
  • the coolant flow should also positively influence chip removal by flushing out the chips through the coolant.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a drill, a method for producing a drill, a method for introducing a through hole, and a use of a drill, said disadvantages do not occur.
  • the object is achieved by providing a drill with the features of claim 1.
  • the drill is characterized in that the first outer diameter is at least 0.9 * x to at most 1, 1 * x, where for the variable x:
  • D 2 is the second outer diameter of the drill in the second section.
  • a drill is provided with a pilot tip having the first portion which guides the drill in the machined material.
  • the first outer diameter is measured, in particular, in the area of a first cutting corner of the first main cutting edge, ie corresponds to the outer diameter of a first flying circle which is described during the machining of a workpiece by the first cutting corner.
  • the second outer diameter is measured in particular in the region of a second cutting corner of the second main cutting edge, wherein it corresponds to the diameter of a second circle, which describes the second cutting corner in the machining of a workpiece.
  • the resulting bore diameter is preferably determined by the second outer diameter.
  • the second outer diameter preferably corresponds to a nominal diameter of the resulting bore.
  • the drill is geometrically specifically tuned to a drilling process in which its feed motion is superimposed by a vibration.
  • a vibration This is preferably a so-called MicroPeck process.
  • the feed movement of the Drill a vibration with low amplitude superimposed, so that the resulting feed is not constant.
  • the resulting chips in the area of the main cutting edge of the drill are so broken, or arise due to the periodic variation of the feed rate only short chips.
  • the oscillatory motion is imposed on the advancing movement with a phase shift relative to the rotation of the drill so that the main cutting edges of the drill are loaded asymmetrically. This tends to cause a tip of the drill to deflect.
  • it is important that the first outer diameter is suitably matched to the second outer diameter.
  • the chips will not be split evenly.
  • the first diameter is too large, there is an increased frictional heat in the area of the pilot tip, which leads to increased burr formation, rendering the drill useless.
  • the limits defined by equation (1) indicate a range in which the drill is particularly suitable for the MicroPeck process.
  • the secondary heat is controlled, because due to the vibrational motion relatively little secondary heat is produced, at the same time very small chips are formed, which have no large heat capacity, cause little friction and can be easily removed from the bore. In particular, the very small chips can not jam in the flutes o- rub hard on the walls.
  • the pilot tip has the further effect that the drill has a smaller transverse diameter compared to a constant diameter drill bit. has less cutting in the machined material, resulting in less frictional heat.
  • the reduction of the cross-cutting edge in the area of the first section has, in particular, the effect of reducing an axial force in the area of the drill bit tip. This in turn reduces the elastic deformation of the workpiece during drilling. After the drill with the pilot tip has drilled through the workpiece, this can spring back and is now processed by the second section under favorable cutting conditions.
  • the chip width is divided in the ratio of the first diameter to the second diameter.
  • the second outer diameter is relevant in terms of its ratio to the first outer diameter. If this is too small, then the machined material in the region of the second main cutting edge in the axial immersion too little resistance, so that it partially dodges radially inward and plastically deformed. As a result, the pilot tip, in particular so the first section, clamped, creating increased friction.
  • the drill proposed here is not designed as a stepped or countersunk drill, but rather for creating through holes in workpieces, in particular in light metals and composite materials, such as, for example, aluminum, titanium and composite materials. materials, in particular composite materials in conjunction with aluminum and / or titanium. Through holes are produced, which have a constant diameter along their extent.
  • the drill has a first portion and a second portion, wherein the diameter of the first portion and the second portion behave to each other in such a way that, in particular with regard to the emergence of secondary heat division of the machining of the machined workpiece is given, the first Section simultaneously guides the drill and stabilized in the bore.
  • the drill is particularly preferably designed for use in a MicroPeck method.
  • Chips and dust, especially of composite materials, can no longer be glued in the flutes of the drill - in particular in connection with the minimum quantity lubrication - by means of coolant / lubricant.
  • the process reliability increases, since dusts arising during drilling can be sucked dry.
  • limit values for a maximum workplace concentration in production can be maintained without costly measures.
  • the costs for the coolant / lubricant, in particular high costs for minimum quantity lubrication, are saved.
  • a processing machine intended for use with the drill is easy to qualify, in particular because no qualification of the minimum quantity of lubricant lubrication flows is no longer necessary.
  • the stated equation (1) is preferably valid for values of the second outer diameter of at least 5 mm to at most 25 mm. It shows that the first section or the first outer diameter for values of the second outer diameter smaller than 5 mm can hardly be produced in a meaningful way. If bores are to be produced which have a diameter which is greater than 25 mm, this is preferably no longer possible with the aid of the drill proposed here, but with several, sequentially used sequentially tools.
  • a drill which is characterized in that the first outer diameter is at least 0.95 * x to at most 1.05 * x.
  • the variable x is again defined by equation (1).
  • the first outer diameter is x.
  • equation (1) defines an ideal ratio of the first outer diameter to the second outer diameter for the aspects of secondary heat control and thus dry processing.
  • a drill which is characterized by having a point angle ⁇ , wherein a length of the first section measured in the direction of the central axis is at least 0.9 * y to at most 1, 1 * y.
  • the variable y is defined by the following equation:
  • Di is the first outer diameter and a is a parameter chosen to be 0.2 or 2 depending on a particular use for which the drill is intended.
  • the parameter a is set to 0.2 when the drill is used in a working environment, in particular a machine tool, which in itself has a sufficiently high rigidity and stability so that it does not require any additional compensation by the drill.
  • parameter a is set to 2 when used in an inherently unstable work environment, such as in an automated drill unit (ADC), for example. due to the insufficient rigidity and stability of the machine tool, it is necessary to provide additional stability in the drill itself.
  • ADC automated drill unit
  • the length of the first portion is preferably dependent on the first outer diameter on the one hand and the tip angle on the other.
  • the length of the first section is at least 0.95 * y to at most 1.05 * y. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the drill, the length is y.
  • a drill is also preferred, which is characterized in that it has a third section, which - viewed along the central axis and from the front side - is arranged in front of the first section.
  • the third section has a third main cutting edge and a third outer diameter.
  • a ratio of the third outer diameter to the second outer diameter is at least 30% to at most 55%.
  • the pilot tip is divided into a first pilot region, as viewed from the end face, which is formed by the third segment, and an adjoining, second pilot region, which is formed by the first segment.
  • the third section is preferably provided in a drill whose second outer diameter is at least 12 mm and at most 25 mm.
  • the characteristics of the drill, both with regard to the guidance in the workpiece and to the control tion of the secondary heat formation set particularly favorable if the drill in addition to the first section still has the third section as the foremost pilot area.
  • the resulting chips can be kept very small even with larger holes with a diameter of at least 12 and not more than 25 mm, resulting in the advantages already described.
  • the ratio of the third outer diameter to the second outer diameter is at least 35% to at most 49%.
  • An embodiment of the drill is also preferred in which the third outer diameter is at least 0.9 * z to at most 1, 1 * z, where the variable z is given by the following equation:
  • D 2 is the second outer diameter of the drill.
  • the choice of the third outer diameter according to equation (3) guarantees a particularly favorable design of the drill with regard to its guiding properties and the avoidance of excessive secondary heat generation.
  • An embodiment of the drill is preferred in which the third outer diameter is at least 0.95 * z to at most 1.05 * z. Particularly preferably, the third outer diameter z.
  • An embodiment of the drill is also preferred, which is characterized in that the first section directly adjoins the second section. In this case, therefore, the first section, that is to say the pilot tip or the second pilot zone, passes directly into the second section in the area of one step, so that the machined material adjacent to the first section is processed directly by the second section.
  • an embodiment is preferred, which is characterized in that between the first portion and the second portion, a fourth portion is arranged, which has a fourth outer diameter. This is at least 5 ⁇ to at most 30 ⁇ smaller than the second outer diameter. Preferably, the fourth outer diameter is at least 10 ⁇ to at most 15 ⁇ smaller than the second outer diameter. In this way, in the transition region between the third section and the fourth section, there is virtually a transition up to almost the maximum diameter of the drill, less the very small difference between the fourth outer diameter and the second outer diameter. In that regard, the advantages which have been described above in connection with the first section and the second section arise here.
  • the transition from the fourth section to the second section is designed as a finishing stage, or as a so-called micro-friction stage or micro-reamer stage, wherein in this area either by means of a geometrically determined cutting edge due to the extremely small diameter enlargement or by means of a geometrically indefinite cutting edge Machining of the workpiece is carried out, which corresponds in both cases, a machining with a geometrically indeterminate blade or a Reibbearbeitung.
  • MicroReamer stage is also known from German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 201 1016 960 A1, to which reference is made in this regard.
  • the second main cutting edge is the relevant cutting edge for the MicroReamer stage. It is therefore preferably designed either as a geometrically determined cutting edge or as a geometrically indefinite cutting edge. In the latter case, it is possible that the diameter enlargement results from a coating, preferably a diamond coating, provided in the second portion, while missing in the fourth portion, or applied in the second portion with greater layer thickness as in the fourth section.
  • the coating is preferably coarse-grained, at least in the second section.
  • the second main cutting edge is preferably designed as a geometrically determined cutting edge, if the fourth section and consequently the micro-reamer step or friction step are not provided. If, however, the fourth section is provided, it is possible that the second Main cutting is designed as a geometrically determined cutting edge, but it is also an embodiment preferred in which it is designed as a geometrically indefinite cutting edge.
  • the fourth section with the finishing or micro-reamer stage is provided. This rubs the bore, in particular in the area of the fiber-reinforced layer, to the diameter that the bore has in the region of the metal layer. In this case, the rubbing of the fiber-reinforced plastic layer is almost cold, while usually when rubbing metal heat must be generated in the shear zone in front of the cutting edge.
  • the fourth section may therefore only have a fourth outer diameter, which is very small in comparison to the second outer diameter, wherein the fourth outer diameter is preferably at most 30 ⁇ , particularly preferably at most 15 ⁇ smaller than the second outer diameter.
  • the second section substantially processes the fiber reinforced material which springs back into the interior of the bore and rubs it to the final dimension of the bore.
  • the first outer diameter, the second outer diameter, the third outer diameter and / or the fourth outer diameter are / are constant in the sections assigned to them-seen along the central axis.
  • at least one section at least one recess is provided, in the region of which a circumferential surface of the drill, viewed in the radial direction, springs back in order to reduce friction with the bore wall.
  • the drill preferably does not have a conical geometry in the various areas.
  • An embodiment of the drill is preferred, which is characterized in that the peripheral surface has two guide chamfers and a cutting chamfer.
  • the three bevels are provided in the region of the pilot tip, ie in the first section and / or in the third section.
  • all sections of the drill including the second section and preferably also the fourth section, have three chamfers, of which two chamfers are designed as guide chamfers and a chamfer as a chamfer or as a free cutting.
  • An embodiment of the drill in which the peripheral surface has two guide chamfers and a cutting chamfer or free cutting edge, is particularly suitable for machining titanium.
  • the cutting bevel reduces the frictional heat in the area of the peripheral surface.
  • the overall result is thus as follows: If the drill has only the first and the second section, the first section is arranged in the region of the front side, while the second section is - seen from the front side - connects to the first section.
  • the drill also has the third section, this is provided in the area of the end face, with the third section being adjoined by the first section and, in turn, by the second section.
  • the drill has the fourth section
  • either the first section is provided on the front side, as seen from the front side along the central axis, with the fourth section and then the second section following this, or it is
  • the third section is provided on the front side, with the first section, in turn connected to the fourth section, and finally to the second section.
  • the observer's gaze always goes from the end face against the feed direction of the drill in the direction of the central axis.
  • the peripheral surface has four guide chamfers.
  • none of the guide chamfers is preferably designed as a chamfer or a free-cutting edge.
  • at least one of the four politicianssfasen is designed as a chamfer or free cutting.
  • An embodiment of the drill in which the peripheral surface has four guide chamfers is particularly suitable for machining aluminum.
  • the four guide chamfers are preferably provided in the frontal section, that is to say either in the first section or in the third section.
  • the four guide bevels are provided both on the third and on the first section.
  • the guide bevels are provided in all sections of the drill, particularly preferably in the third section, the first section, the fourth section and the second section.
  • An embodiment of the drill is also preferred, which is characterized in that the circumferential surface has an additional groove between a first and a second guide bevel.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred in an embodiment in which the peripheral surface has four guide chamfers.
  • the drill comprises two main cutting edges in the region of each section, wherein - seen in the circumferential direction - a first main cutting edge in the sections, which have four guide bevels, two guide bevels, wherein - again seen in the circumferential direction - a second main cutting edge the two substancessfasen that lag the first main cutting, lags. This second main cutting edge in turn hurries two surroundingssfasen after.
  • the main cutting edges are each assigned flutes for the removal of the chips produced in the region of the main cutting edges.
  • an additional groove is arranged which prevents heat development by possibly clamped chip residues between the guide chamfers , Rather, such chip residues are picked up and removed by the at least one additional groove. Accordingly, the friction in the region of the peripheral surface is reduced in comparison to a drill without additional grooves between two guide bevels, because in such a drill the chip residues between the peripheral surface and the bore wall are clamped in the region between the guide bevels, where they increased friction and thus generate heat. In the embodiment preferred here, however, the chip residues are taken up in the at least one additional groove and removed, so that a reduced heat generation is given.
  • An embodiment of the drill is also preferred, which is characterized in that the second section of the drill has an abrasion-resistant outer surface.
  • the first section, the third section and / or the fourth section may have / have an abrasion-resistant outer surface.
  • the abrasion-resistant outer surface advantageously increases the service life of the drill, reduces its wear and, in particular, also results in the machining of fiber-reinforced plastics. A particularly good cutting or - in the field of fine processing or micro-reamer stage - friction effect.
  • the outer surface is abrasion resistant in that it is coated with diamond.
  • a Diamantbe- layering has the advantage that prevents built-up edge formation and thus the service life of the drill is increased.
  • the different interfacial energies between aluminum and diamond prevent adhesion of the machined material, effectively avoiding built-up edge forming.
  • the fine-machining or micro-reamer or friction stage, or the fourth section is particularly preferably provided in the case of a drill which is provided for the production of accurate, dimensionally accurate holes which are nevertheless to be produced in one work process.
  • a drill is particularly suitable for the so-called one-shot technology, are made in the highly accurate, dimensionally accurate holes using a single tool in a single operation.
  • the drill is particularly suitable for the application of this technology to material combinations of fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, with light metals, in particular with aluminum or titanium.
  • a drill which is characterized in that it has helical flutes.
  • a spiral angle is preferably greater than 30 °. This is possible because a coolant is dispensed with.
  • An embodiment of the drill is also preferred in which the drill has at least one internal channel. However, this is not provided for the passage of coolant and / or lubricant, but merely to blow air in the region of the front side of the drill to support the chip removal - preferably by compressed air or compressed air.
  • the drill proposed here is preferably used exclusively for pure dry machining without the use of a coolant and / or lubricant, with at most air being conducted through an internal channel to assist chip evacuation. If the drill has such an internal channel, it is possible that the helix angle is less than 30 °. In this case, such a, smaller rake angle has a favorable effect on the chip transport.
  • the first, the third and the fourth main cutting edge are preferably designed as geometrically determined cutting edges, independently of the actually provided sections of the drill.
  • the second main cutting edge is preferably designed as a geometrically determined cutting edge, if the fourth section is not provided. If the fourth section is provided, it is possible that the second main cutting edge is preferably designed as a geometrically determined cutting edge.
  • the second main cutting edge is designed as a geometrically indefinite cutting edge.
  • a drill is produced according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • the drill has a central axis and an end face, wherein on the drill a first portion - seen along the central axis and from the front side - in front of a second portion is formed.
  • the viewing direction of the observer goes here from the front side starting - along the central axis - against the feed direction of the drill during drilling.
  • the fact that the first section is arranged in front of the second section therefore means that during the boring of a workpiece, the first section before the second section dips into the material of the workpiece.
  • a first preferably geometrically determined main cutting edge is formed.
  • a second, preferably geometrically determined or geometrically indefinite, main cutting edge is formed.
  • the method is characterized in that a first outer diameter is formed on the first portion and that a second outer diameter is formed on the second portion, wherein the first outer diameter is selected to be at least 0.9 * x to at most 1, 1 * is x, where the variable x is determined by the above-Toggle given equation (1).
  • the drill is formed in the process with a first outer diameter and a second outer diameter, which behave according to equation (1) to each other, is the drill particularly suitable for dry machining of workpieces, in particular of light metals and composite materials.
  • a method is also preferred, which is characterized in that the first outer diameter is selected to be at least 0.95 * x to at most 1.05 * x. Particularly preferably, the first outer diameter is x.
  • the variable x is again determined by equation (1).
  • a method is also preferred, which is characterized in that a tip angle ⁇ is provided on the drill.
  • a length of the first section measured in the direction of the central axis is selected to be at least 0.9 * y to at most 1. 1 * y.
  • the variable y is determined by equation (2) given above, wherein the parameter a is again selected to be 0.2 or 2, depending on a intended use or use of the drill to be produced, as has already been mentioned was explained with the drill.
  • the length of the first section is chosen to be at least 0.95 * y to at most 1.05 * y.
  • the length of the first section is chosen to be y.
  • a method is also preferred, which is characterized in that a third section is formed on the drill, which is arranged in front of the first section along the central axis and viewed from the front side.
  • the viewing direction of the trachters is the same as explained in connection with the first and second sections.
  • the formation of the third section before the first section therefore means that during the machining of a workpiece, the third section first comes into contact with the material of the workpiece, while thereafter the first section enters the workpiece, after which again the second section comes in contact with the workpiece.
  • a third preferably geometrically determined main cutting edge and a third outer diameter are formed. In this case, a ratio of the third outer diameter to the second outer diameter is selected so that the ratio is at least 30% to at most 55%.
  • the ratio is at least 35% to at most 49%.
  • the third outer diameter is selected to be at least 0.9 * z to at most 1, 1 * z, the variable z being determined by equation (3) given above.
  • the third parties te outer diameter is chosen so that it is at least 0.95 * z to a maximum of 1, 05 * z.
  • the third outer diameter is chosen so that it is z.
  • the third section is preferably provided on the drill when the second outer diameter is at least 12 mm and at most 25 mm. In this case, the second outer diameter is preferably greater than 12 mm.
  • the third section is used in a drill of this size, as possible, the resulting chips during drilling To keep small, with a division of the cutting work on only two areas would not ensure a sufficiently small chip formation.
  • the cutting of the material in the area of the corresponding hole is divided into three areas, so that sufficiently small chips are formed to limit the generation of secondary heat such that a pure dry machining waiving Any coolant and / or lubricant can be done.
  • the descriptions of the drill on the one hand and the method of manufacturing the drill on the other hand are to be understood as complementary to each other.
  • method steps which have been explained explicitly or implicitly in connection with the drill, preferably individually or in combination with one another also include steps of a preferred embodiment of the production method.
  • features of the drill are preferably generated in the context of the manufacturing process, which were explained explicitly or implicitly in connection with the drill. In this respect, reference is made to the description of the drill.
  • features of the drill that have been explained explicitly or implicitly in the context of the method, preferably individually or in combination with each other are also features of an embodiment of the drill.
  • the object is also achieved by providing a method for introducing a through-hole into a workpiece having the features of claim 15.
  • the method is characterized in that during a machining of a workpiece, an advancing movement of the drill is superimposed with a vibration.
  • a through hole or opening is introduced into a workpiece.
  • a workpiece is preferably processed, which comprises a light metal or a light metal alloy, wherein it preferably consists of a light metal or a light metal alloy, or which comprises a composite material, wherein it preferably consists of a composite material.
  • a workpiece which comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy, titanium or a titanium alloy, or a composite material based on aluminum or an aluminum alloy, titanium or a titanium alloy, and a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, wherein it is preferred a workpiece is used which consists of one of said materials.
  • a workpiece is machined, which is designed as a composite workpiece and at least one layer of metal, in particular a light metal such as aluminum or titanium, or an aluminum alloy or a titanium alloy, and at least one layer of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic having.
  • the method is just suitable for processing such workpieces in a special way.
  • the method is preferably designed as a so-called MicroPeck method.
  • the feed movement of the drill is superimposed on a vibratory movement in the feed direction, which in comparison with a longitudinal extent of the through-feed.
  • Gangsbohrung has small amplitude.
  • the drill is repeatedly pulled out of the hole several times in particular during the drilling, an amplitude for the superimposed oscillatory motion is selected in the MicroPeck method, in which the drill only undergoes a local modulation of the feed movement, wherein at most at the beginning of the drilling process still extends completely out of the hole.
  • the MicroPeck method corresponds to a vibratory drilling in which the drill performs a small oscillatory motion around the location of a current drilling operation in comparison to a feed distance per unit of time.
  • a percussion drilling method in contrast to a percussion drilling method, however, in the MicroPeck method, as well as in vibration drilling active forward and backward movement of the drill in the context of superimposed vibration, while the drill is propelled percussion drilling only periodically, the retraction movement at most passively enforced by the axial drilling forces becomes.
  • the resulting advance of the drill is not constant. As a result, chips that form in the region of the main cutting edges of the drill are broken, or that only very short chips are formed by the variation of the feed rate.
  • the above-described embodiments of the drill are particularly suitable for use in a method of the type discussed here.
  • the division of the cutting power to at least two areas leads, in addition to the reduced chip formation due to the superimposed vibrational movement to the fact that particularly small chips arise that easily the bore can be removed and in particular not jam or rub hard on walls of flutes of the drill.
  • the division of the machining work or the geometry of the different outer diameters according to equations (1) and / or (3) has proven particularly useful.
  • the design of the length of the first section according to equation (2) has proven particularly useful in this context.
  • the first section and / or the third section also take over a guide of the drill in the hole, which is important in the drilling process in the process described here for the production of a dimensionally accurate bore with good surface quality and also for the prevention of the generation of secondary heat ,
  • a method is also preferred, which is characterized in that a frequency is selected for the vibration, which is greater than the number of revolutions per second of the drill. Starting from a predetermined angular frequency or rotational speed of the drill, therefore, a frequency which is greater than the corresponding angular frequency divided by the factor 2 ⁇ or the number of revolutions per second is selected for the superimposed oscillation in the direction of the advancing movement.
  • the vibration frequency ensures that particularly small chips are generated, which is particularly advantageous in view of the secondary heat generation as well as the chip removal.
  • a method is also preferred which is characterized in that the frequency of the oscillation is selected to be greater by a factor of 1.5 than the number of revolutions per second, and consequently the rotational speed or angular frequency divided by a factor 2TT of the drill.
  • This choice of oscillation frequency has proved to be particularly suitable in the context of the method described here, in particular with regard to the prevention of secondary heat and chip removal.
  • the stroke of the vibrations is selected to at least 0.05 mm to at most 0.2 mm.
  • the stroke of the vibrations is selected to be 0.1 mm.
  • the term "stroke" refers to the amplitude of the oscillations in the direction of the central axis of the drill, which are superimposed on the advancing movement A corresponding choice of the oscillation amplitude ensures the formation of particularly small chips, whereby little secondary heat is generated and an easy and low-friction removal the chips is guaranteed.
  • a method is also preferred, which is characterized in that a predetermined phase shift relative to the rotation of the drill is selected for the oscillation superimposed on the advancing movement.
  • the phase shift results in an asymmetric loading of the main cutting edges of the drill, in particular in the region of the second section. It's coming to an asymmetrical distribution of forces in the area of the main cutting edges, whereby the drill tip tends to be deflected, which can lead to increased friction in the region of the drill tip, in particular on guide chamfers of the drill, and to excessive radial vibrations.
  • the method uses a drill having a pilot tip with the first portion and / or the third portion which guides the drill, the drill is stabilized and the asymmetrical forces are supported.
  • the drill described here is particularly suitable for the method mentioned here. It is essential that the first outer diameter and the second outer diameter, and / or the third outer diameter and the second outer diameter, preferably the third outer diameter, the first outer diameter and the second outer diameter are suitably matched to one another. If, for example, the pilot tip has too large a diameter, an increased friction arises here, in particular at its guide chamfers, which results in increased burr formation. However, if the diameter of the pilot tip is too small, the resulting chips are not divided evenly. In particular, the equations (1) and (3) ensure a suitable design of the various diameters of the drill in the context of the method, especially taking into account the phase shift, so that it is stabilized, whereby asymmetrical forces are supported.
  • phase shift leads to the above-mentioned features or process steps addition to a particularly fine chip formation, resulting in very small chips that can be easily removed from the bore and Do not jam in the hole or rub against walls of flutes or the bore wall.
  • a method is preferred which is characterized in that it is carried out without the use of cooling and / or lubricants.
  • a dry machining of a workpiece is thus preferably carried out.
  • the method is particularly suitable, in particular by using the drill as well as by the superimposed oscillation movement and preferably the further method steps, because in particular by the combination of the various features of the drill and the method steps, the generation of secondary heat is reduced, so there is no active cooling by a Coolant and / or lubricant as well as no lubrication of mutually rubbing surfaces more needed.
  • the drill has long service lives, particularly in the context of the process, and is only subject to slight wear.
  • a drill according to one of the previously described embodiments or a drill, produced by a method according to one of the embodiments described above, is used for producing a bore in a workpiece.
  • the drill is in this case in the context of a method for producing a through hole according to one of the above-described NEN embodiments used.
  • a bore is introduced into a composite workpiece which has at least one layer of metal and at least one layer of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the drill is particularly suitable for such use.
  • a use of the drill is also preferred, which is characterized in that a bore is made in a workpiece having at least one layer of aluminum or titanium.
  • the drill is preferably tuned for use in connection with aluminum or titanium. This applies above all to the number of guide bevels provided on the drill and the formation of a free cutting edge on a guide bevel.
  • a drill is used, which has four guide bevels, with an additional benefit between each two guide chamfers is provided.
  • a drill is preferably used, which has two guide chamfers and a chamfer, wherein the chamfer is preferably designed as a free cutting edge.
  • a through hole or an opening in the machined workpiece is preferably made.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a drill
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a drill
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a drill 1.
  • the drill 1 also has a first section 5 and a second section 7, wherein the first section - seen along the central axis M and seen from the end face 3 - is arranged in front of the second section 7.
  • the first section 5 penetrates before the second section 7 in the material of the workpiece.
  • the first section 5 has a first, geometrically determined main cutting edge 9, wherein preferably two geometrically determined, first main cutting edges 9, 9 'are provided.
  • an embodiment is possible which has more than two first main cutting edges, in particular three first main cutting edges or four first main cutting edges.
  • the drill 1 has a first outer diameter Di, which is defined by a circle of cutting edges of the drill 1 in the region of the first main cutting edges 9, 9 '.
  • a second main cutting edge 1 1 is provided in the second section 7.
  • the drill also preferably has more than one second main cutting edge, in particular two second main cutting edges, three second main cutting edges or four second main cutting edges, of which, however, only one second main cutting edge 1 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the drill has a second outer diameter D 2 , which is defined by a circle of cutting edges of the second main cutting edges 1 1.
  • the second outer diameter D 2 corresponds to a nominal diameter of a bore to be produced with the aid of the drill 1.
  • the second outer diameter D 2 defines the diameter of the bore created with the drill 1.
  • the first outer diameter Di is smaller than the second outer diameter D 2 , wherein the first outer diameter Di at least 0.9 * x to at most 1, 1 * x, preferably at least 0.95 * x to at most 1, 05 * x, preferably x, is, where the variable x is determined by equation (1).
  • a pilot tip 12 is formed on the drill 1, which here encompasses the first section 5, and the drill 1 is divided into at least two machining areas, namely the first section 5 and the second section 7.
  • the pilot tip 12 shortens a transverse cutting edge 13, which connects the main cutting edges 9, 9 'in the area of the end face 3, so that it presses less into the material, resulting in less frictional heat.
  • the pilot tip 12 also splits the entire span width, resulting in smaller chips.
  • the pilot tip 12 guides the drill 1 in the machined material.
  • the remainder of the resulting hole is machined, in particular in connection with a MicroPeck method very small chips are formed, which can be easily removed from the bore. These do not jam and do not rub strongly on walls of chip chambers or flutes of the drill. 1
  • the main cutting edges 9, 9 'of the drill 1 extend in the region of the end face 3 at an angle to one another, which is not explicitly shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of better clarity. This angle is referred to as the tip angle ⁇ .
  • a length of the first section 5 measured in the direction of the center axis M is at least 0.9 * y to at most 1. 1 * y, preferably at least 0.95 * y to at most 1.05 * y, preferably y.
  • the variable y is determined by the equation (2), wherein for the parameter a depending on a predetermined use of the drill 1 - as already explained - a value of 0.2 or a value of 2 is selected.
  • a fourth portion 15 is disposed between the first portion 5 and the second portion 7, which has a fourth outer diameter D, wherein the fourth outer diameter D 4 at least 5 ⁇ to at most 30 ⁇ , preferably at least 10 ⁇ to at most 15 ⁇ is smaller than the second outer diameter D 2 .
  • the drill preferably has at least a fourth main cutting edge 17, preferably two fourth main cutting edges 17, 17 ', which are designed as geometrically determined cutting edges, with the aid of the fourth main cutting edges 17, 17' the machined bore already almost to the Nominal diameter is drilled. It is possible that more than two fourth main cutting edges 17, 17 'are provided, preferably three fourth main cutting edges or four fourth main cutting edges.
  • the number of second main cutting edges 1 1 preferably also corresponds to the number of the fourth main cutting edges 17, 17 'and / or the first main cutting edges 9, 9'.
  • the second main cutting edge 1 1 is correspondingly very small or quasi formed as a kind of friction stage 19.
  • the second main cutting edge 1 1 is formed as a geometrically determined cutting edge.
  • the second main cutting edge 1 1 is designed as a geometrically indefinite cutting edge. Due to the very small diameter jump in the region of the second main cutting edge 1 1, even when it is formed as a geometrically determined cutting edge, essentially a machining of the bore results, that of a machining with a geometrically indefinite cutting edge, for example a grinding or honing machining, or a machining with very small chip formation, in particular a friction machining corresponds.
  • the friction stage 19 formed in this way is particularly suitable for machining composite workpieces which have layers of metal and layers of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the bore is machined essentially in the region of the layer of fiber-reinforced plastic, which is in this case wiped to the nominal diameter.
  • the bore 19 can be used to create a bore along the bore by a single drilling operation and a single tool, namely the drill bit 1, in all layers within close tolerances Has substantially the same diameter.
  • the second section 7 extends from the friction step 19 into the region of a drill shaft 21, which is provided for clamping the drill 1 in a suitable machining tool.
  • the drill 1 with the drill shank 21 is preferably clamped in a spindle of a tool, and a relative rotation is effected between the drill 1 and the workpiece in order to produce a bore. It is possible that the drill 1 is rotated about its central axis M. Alternatively, it is also possible that the drill 1 is fixedly clamped, wherein the workpiece is rotated. In principle, it is also possible to rotate both the drill 1 and the workpiece, so that the overall result is a relative rotation between the workpiece and the drill 1. At the same time a relative displacement between the drill 1 and the workpiece in the direction of the central axis M is effected.
  • the pilot tip 12 is divided into two pilot areas, wherein the drill 1 before the first section 5 still has a third section with a third outer diameter, wherein a ratio of the third outer diameter to the second outer diameter at least 30% to at most 55%, preferably at least 35% to at most 49%.
  • the third outer diameter is at least 0.9 * z to at most 1, 1 * z, preferably at least 0.95 * z to at most 1, 05 * z, preferably z.
  • the variable z is determined by the equation (3).
  • the third section is arranged in front of the first section 5, viewed along the central axis M and viewed from the front side 3.
  • the drill - seen in the feed direction - first dips with the third section in a workpiece to be machined. This is followed by the first section 5, which has the larger, first outer diameter Di. At these closes - contrary to the feed direction - either the second section 7 or the fourth section 15, if this is provided. If this is the case, the fourth section 15 is followed by the second section 7.
  • the division of the pilot tip 12 into two pilot areas, namely the third section and the first section 5, is particularly preferred for drills 1 with a larger diameter or for producing bores with a larger diameter, namely in particular for drills whose second outer diameter D 2 greater than 12 mm.
  • the division of the drill 1 in only two machining areas, specifically the first section 5 and - depending on the configuration - the fourth section 15 or the second section 7, would lead to the chips, despite the Division of the cutting work relatively large.
  • the subdivision of the pilot tip 12 into the third section and the first section 5 ensures a suitable division of the cutting work, even with larger diameter holes, or drills 1 with a larger second outer diameter D 2 , resulting in very small chips, so that set the described advantages.
  • the main cutting work takes place in the region of the first portion 5 and the second portion 7 or, if the third portion is provided, in the area of the third portion of the first portion 5 and the second section 7 instead.
  • the main cutting work takes place in the area of the first portion 5 and the fourth portion 15, or in the area of the third portion, the first portion 5 and the fourth portion 15.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a drill 1. Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description. Clearly visible here are the two first main cutting edges 9, 9 ', which are interconnected by the transverse cutting edge 13 in the region of the front side 3. are bound. In this case, the transverse cutting edge 13 is much shorter than would be formed in a drill 1, which would already have its nominal diameter directly in the region of the end face 3.
  • the first main cutting edges 9, 9 ' are each assigned secondary cutting edges arranged on a circumferential surface 25 of the drill 1, of which only a first secondary cutting edge 27', which is assigned to the first main cutting edge 9 ', is shown here.
  • the fourth main cutting edges 17, 17 'in the region of the fourth section 15 are assigned secondary cutting edges 29, 29'.
  • the first main cutting edges 9, 9 'and the fourth main cutting edges 17, 17' are here each associated with common flutes 31, 31 ', in which the chips removed by the main cutting edges 9, 9', 17, 17 'are removed.
  • the flutes 31, 31 ' are spiral-shaped here, in particular preferably with a helix angle which is at least 30 °, wherein it is preferably greater than 30 °.
  • the drill 1 has in the illustrated embodiment on the peripheral surface 25 on four guide chamfers, here a first Whysfase 33 - seen in the circumferential direction - to the minor cutting edge 29, which is associated with the fourth main cutting edge 17, connects.
  • a second guide bevel 35 is here arranged on a web 37, which in the illustrated embodiment also has the second main cutting edge 1 1 or the friction step 19. This is associated with a secondary cutting edge 39, to which - seen in the circumferential direction - the second Actuallysfase 35 connects.
  • a third Critsfase is hidden in Figure 2. It adjoins the secondary cutting edge 29 ', which is the fourth main cutting edge 29'. de 17 'is assigned. Also at least partially concealed in Figure 2, another web 41, to which a further secondary cutting edge 39 ', which is associated with a second main cutting edge, not shown, a fourth effetsfase 41 - seen in the circumferential direction - lags.
  • an additional groove 45 is provided in the peripheral surface 25 between the first guide bevel 33 and the second guide bevel 35 - seen in the circumferential direction -.
  • a corresponding additional groove 47 is preferably also arranged between the third guide chamfer (not illustrated) and the fourth guide chamfer 43, as seen in the circumferential direction. It is thus ensured along the entire peripheral surface 25, an efficient and effective removal of chips, wherein the occurring during processing with the drill 1 secondary heat is significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a drill 1.
  • the same and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third exemplary embodiment of the drill 1.
  • the same and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description.
  • FIG. 3 shows the tip angle ⁇ which the first main cutting edges 9, 9 ' include each other.
  • the fourth main cutting edges only the fourth main cutting edge 17 facing the observer is shown here, the fourth main cutting edge 17 'facing away from the observer facing away from it being covered by the drill 1.
  • the webs 37, 41 are clearly visible, as well as the additional grooves 45, 47.
  • the second main cutting edge 1 1 or the friction step 19 is here arranged on a web 48, on which also the fourth main cutting edge 17 is arranged. It can be seen in particular that here the first main cutting edge 9, the fourth main cutting edge 17 and the second main cutting edge 1 1 are arranged continuously one behind the other on the same web 48, as viewed counter to the feed direction. Accordingly, these main cutting edges 9, 17, 1 1 and the same chip flute 31 assigned. It can be clearly seen that the main cutting work is done on the first main cutting edges 9, 9 'and on the fourth main cutting edges 17, 17'.
  • the drill 1 - opposite to the feed direction - subsequent to the guide land 49, 51 each have a recess 53, 55, where the material of the drill 1 - seen in the radial direction - springs back and thus not in Contact with the bore wall is. This reduces the friction of the drill 1 on the bore wall and thus reduces the secondary heat generation.
  • the first main cutting edge 9 - and preferably also not shown in FIG. 3, the further first main cutting edge 9 '- is assigned an open surface 59, into which a bore 61 opens.
  • This is part of an internal channel, which is provided in the drill 1 and passes through it in the direction of the central axis M, wherein it preferably extends in the web 48 and spiraled with this.
  • the internal channel, which opens into the bore 61, is not intended to supply a coolant and / or lubricant to the end face 3, but merely to pass air, in particular compressed air, which exits at the end face 3 in the region of the free surface 59 and the chip removal supported port.
  • oil-free air in particular compressed air is used, because it has been shown that even with the addition of minimal amounts of oil fine dust that occurs during the processing of a fiber-reinforced plastic, with the oil sticking to a kind of paste, whereby the chip removal is hindered , Therefore, in connection with the drill 1 preferably only dry, oil-free air, in particular compressed air is used.
  • the drill 1 preferably has two internal channels, wherein a first channel opens into the bore 61 shown here, and wherein a second channel opens into one of the further first main cutting edge 9 'associated, second bore.
  • the spiraling angle of the flutes 31 and also of the additional grooves 45, 47 is preferably at most 30 °, preferably less than 30 °.
  • the peripheral surface 25 preferably has an abrasion-resistant coating.
  • the peripheral surface 25 itself is made of an abrasion-resistant material or that the drill 1 in the region of the peripheral surface 25 comprises an abrasion-resistant material or consists of this.
  • the peripheral surface is abrasion resistant in that it is coated with diamond.
  • a diamond coating has the advantage that prevents built-up edge and thus increases the service life of the drill.
  • the different interfacial energies between aluminum on the one hand and diamond on the other hand prevent adhesion of the machined material, so that a slicing is effectively avoided.
  • the drill 1 may have an abrasion-resistant outer surface, preferably an abrasion-resistant coating, particularly preferably a diamond coating, in the region of the first portion, the third portion and / or the fourth portion.
  • an abrasion-resistant outer surface preferably an abrasion-resistant coating, particularly preferably a diamond coating
  • the entire drill 1 has an abrasion-resistant outer surface, preferably an abrasion-resistant coating, particularly preferably a diamond coating, at least in the area of its peripheral surface 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un foret (1) servant en particulier à l'usinage de métaux légers et de matériaux composites, et comprenant un axe médian (M) et une face frontale (3), le foret (1) comportant une première section (5) agencée avant une deuxième section (7) vu le long de l'axe médian (M) et à partir de la face frontale (3). La première section (5) comporte une première arête de coupe principale (9, 9') et un premier diamètre extérieur (D1), la deuxième section (7) comporte une deuxième arête de coupe principale (11) et un deuxième diamètre extérieur (D2), le premier diamètre extérieur (D1) étant plus petit que le deuxième diamètre extérieur (D3). Selon l'invention, le premier diamètre extérieur (D1) est compris entre au moins 0,9*x et au plus 1,1*x (x = D2 - exp(D2/15) - 0,5).
PCT/EP2014/059959 2013-05-29 2014-05-15 Foret, procédé de fabrication d'un foret, procédé de réalisation d'un alésage traversant dans une pièce, et utilisation d'un foret WO2014191216A1 (fr)

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EP14724442.0A EP3003618A1 (fr) 2013-05-29 2014-05-15 Foret, procédé de fabrication d'un foret, procédé de réalisation d'un alésage traversant dans une pièce, et utilisation d'un foret

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DE102013210112.0 2013-05-29
DE201310210112 DE102013210112A1 (de) 2013-05-29 2013-05-29 Bohrer, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bohrers, Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Durchgangsbohrung in ein Werkstück, und Verwendung eines Bohrers

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WO2018011314A1 (fr) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Foret étagé

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GB201600383D0 (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-02-24 Rogers Karl And Blanks Andrew J Securing device
CH715609B1 (de) * 2018-12-03 2022-03-31 Mueller Christoph Schraubstollen für Kunststoffbeschläge oder Kunststoffhufschuhe.
US11260459B2 (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-03-01 The Boeing Company Tools and methods for forming aligned holes from near full-sized holes
EP4427871A1 (fr) * 2023-03-09 2024-09-11 Gühring KG Outil de perçage pour l'usinage de matériaux composites

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EP1512476A2 (fr) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-09 BLACK & DECKER INC. Foret à auto-centrage avec pointe pilote
US20110066277A1 (en) * 2009-09-05 2011-03-17 Mann James B Control systems and methods for machining operations
EP2535129A1 (fr) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-19 Makotoloy Co., Ltd. Trépan

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WO2018011314A1 (fr) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Foret étagé
CN109562463A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2019-04-02 克莱斯博士玛帕精密仪器工厂两合公司 阶梯钻
JP2019520228A (ja) * 2016-07-14 2019-07-18 マパル ファブリック フュール プラツィジョンズベルクゼウグ ドクトル．クレス カーゲー 段付きドリル
US11077504B2 (en) 2016-07-14 2021-08-03 Mapal Fabrik Fur Prazisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress Kg Step drill
JP7141385B2 (ja) 2016-07-14 2022-09-22 マパル ファブリック フュール プラツィジョンズベルクゼウグ ドクトル．クレス カーゲー 段付きドリル

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