WO2014183564A1 - 一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统 - Google Patents

一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014183564A1
WO2014183564A1 PCT/CN2014/076635 CN2014076635W WO2014183564A1 WO 2014183564 A1 WO2014183564 A1 WO 2014183564A1 CN 2014076635 W CN2014076635 W CN 2014076635W WO 2014183564 A1 WO2014183564 A1 WO 2014183564A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seawater
energy
cold
water
electricity
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PCT/CN2014/076635
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王凯
杨科
赵敬恩
黄葆华
孙燕平
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North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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North China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2014183564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014183564A1/zh
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/22—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus producing heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/17—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/62—Application for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the comprehensive utilization field of renewable energy, and particularly relates to an independent system for comprehensively utilizing wind energy and seawater heat energy to realize multi-generation of cold, heat and water in the remote areas of islands and coastal areas. Background technique
  • wind energy resources are characterized by instability: wind speed changes frequently, energy supply is unstable, intermittent, and volatility.
  • wind power generation also has grid connection problems, which limits the development of wind power generation to some extent. Unstable wind energy combined with energy storage systems can make effective use of wind resources.
  • the desalination method is classified according to the separation process and can be divided into two types: thermal process and membrane process.
  • the thermal process uses heat to evaporate seawater and then obtain fresh water by condensation of water vapor.
  • the thermal process has multi-stage flash (MSF), Multi Effect Distillation (ME), vapor compression (VC), etc.;
  • the membrane process uses a separation membrane for water and salt. The choice of permeability, interception or removal of salt, to obtain fresh water.
  • the membrane process has reverse Osmosis (R0), and electrodialysis (Electro DialysisED).
  • the ground source heat pump uses the soil or water body temperature to be 12-22 ° C in winter, the temperature is higher than the ambient air temperature, the evaporation temperature of the heat pump cycle is increased, and the energy efficiency ratio is also improved; the soil or water body temperature is 18-32 ° C in summer, and the temperature is higher than the environment.
  • the air temperature is low, the condensing temperature of the refrigeration system is reduced, so that the cooling effect is better than that of the air-cooled and cooling towers.
  • the efficiency of the unit is greatly improved, and the operating cost of the heating and cooling air conditioner can be saved by 30-40%.
  • the electric energy of 1KW can be more than 4KW.
  • the present invention provides a cold and hot water multi-generation system that comprehensively utilizes wind energy and seawater heat energy, and the system is directly The use of abundant wind and seawater heat on islands and remote coastal areas to achieve the quadruple production of cold, heat, electricity and water.
  • self-satisfaction is fully realized.
  • the system does not need to burn fossil fuels and does not produce greenhouses. Polluted gases such as gases and sulfides.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is: a combined heat and cold water multi-generation system utilizing wind energy and seawater heat energy, including a wind turbine device, a compressed air energy storage device, a seawater desalination device and a ground source heat pump device
  • the compressed air energy storage device includes an isothermal compression compressor, a gas storage chamber, an expander and a generator connected in sequence, and an output shaft of the wind turbine device is connected to the isothermal compression compressor through a transmission device, and the generator can Power is supplied to the user, the desalination device, and the ground source heat pump device.
  • the invention adopts direct utilization of wind energy, and converts the mechanical energy obtained by the wind turbine device from the wind into air internal energy, and the energy conversion process is mechanical energy-internal energy, which is equivalent to electric drive compressed air storage based on wind power generation.
  • the energy conversion process is mechanical energy-internal energy, which is equivalent to electric drive compressed air storage based on wind power generation.
  • due to the elimination of power generation equipment it has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, simple structure, low investment and simple maintenance.
  • the whole system does not produce any substances that pollute the environment during the operation, and is a veritable environmental protection and energy saving system.
  • the invention adopts the coupling power supply between the storage battery and the compressed air energy storage power generation, and successfully solves the contradiction between the instability of the wind energy and the user power consumption.
  • the compressed air energy storage itself has a certain function of cutting peaks and flat valleys, and the battery is further coordinated with the compressed air energy storage power generation to further enhance the role of peak clipping and flat valley.
  • the invention combines a ground source heat pump with a desalination water intake device, fully utilizes seawater thermal energy resources, and at the same time simplifies the device and saves cost.
  • the invention truly realizes the cold, heat, electricity, water and multi-generation on the island. In the case of isolation from the land, the self-satisfaction is completely realized, and the system does not need to burn fossil fuel, does not generate greenhouse gases and vulcanize.
  • a contaminated gas such as a nitride.
  • the invention has a wide application range with the wind turbine device, and can be combined with the wind farm or the independent construction; the single-unit wind turbine design or the multi-machine combination design; applicable to the island with rich wind resources And other coastal areas.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the principle of a combined heat and cold water multi-generation system utilizing wind energy and seawater heat energy according to the present invention.
  • a cogeneration system for comprehensively utilizing wind energy and seawater heat energy comprising a wind turbine device 1, a compressed air energy storage device, a seawater desalination device and a ground source heat pump device 9, wherein the compressed air energy storage device comprises a sequential connection An isothermal compression compressor, a gas storage chamber 5, an expander 6 and a generator 7, the output shaft of the wind turbine device 1 being connected to the isothermal compression compressor via a transmission 2, the generator 7 being capable of The desalination device and the ground source heat pump device 9 are powered, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 1 there are three kinds of arrows with arrows between the devices, and the dotted lines with arrows indicate the transmission of air, such as the connection between the gas storage chamber 5 and the expander 6 by a broken line, indicating that the gas storage chamber 5 is directed into the expander 6.
  • the solid line with arrows indicates the transmission of seawater or fresh water, such as the solid line between the pretreatment device 11 and the cold side outlet 42 of the heat exchanger 4, indicating that the seawater heated by the heat exchanger 4 enters the pretreatment device. 11.
  • seawater intake pipelines 15 can also represent pipelines containing seawater or fresh water, such as seawater intake pipelines 15; dotted lines with arrows indicate the transmission of electricity, such as the connection between generator 7 and high-pressure pump 12 by dotted lines, indicating the generator 7 supplies power to the high pressure pump 12.
  • An output shaft of the wind turbine device 1 is connected to the isothermal compression compressor via a transmission 2, the isothermal compression compressor comprising a compressor 3 and a heat exchanger 4, the output shaft of the wind turbine device 1 being passed through the transmission 2
  • the compressor 3 is connected, the wind turbine device 1 is capable of powering the compressor 3, and the compressor 3 is capable of compressing the air to a certain pressure and sending it to the gas storage chamber 5 for storage, at which time the mechanical energy of the wind is converted into the internal energy of the air.
  • the high-pressure air will be sent into the expander 6 for expansion work, and the expander 6 will work to drive the generator 7 to generate electricity, at which time the internal energy of the air will be converted into electric energy, and power generation
  • the electricity emitted by the machine 7 can be used by the user, the seawater desalination device and the ground source heat pump device 9.
  • the mechanical energy obtained by the wind turbine device from the wind is converted into air by the compressor, and then converted into electric energy by the generator, and the energy conversion process is mechanical energy-internal energy-electric energy.
  • the use of compressed air energy storage itself has a certain role of peak clipping and flat valley, so that the internal energy of compressed air can be smoothly replaced with electric energy for use.
  • the generator 7 is also connected to the battery 8.
  • the battery 8 can further cooperate with the compressed air energy storage to compensate for the defects in the case of insufficient power generation and excessive power generation, and further enhance the role of peak clipping. Therefore, the system has the characteristics of simple structure, low investment and simple maintenance. The whole system does not produce any substances that pollute the environment during the operation, and is a veritable environmental protection and energy-saving system.
  • the isothermal compression compressor comprises a compressor 3 and a heat exchanger 4, the compressor 3 and the heat exchanger 4 are coupled, and the output shaft of the wind turbine device 1 is connected to the compressor 3 via a transmission 2, the heat exchanger 4
  • the cold side inlet 41 is in communication with a seawater intake pipe 15 for conveying seawater, the hot side of the heat exchanger 4 and the gas storage chamber 5
  • the heat exchanger 4 inputs high pressure air into the gas storage chamber 5.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is coupled to the compressor 3, and heats the seawater in the seawater intake pipe 15 by the heat generated during the compression of the air by the approximate isothermal compression compressor, so that the compression stroke of the compressor 3 can be approximated to
  • the isothermal compression process reduces the power consumption of the compressor 3.
  • the seawater in the heated seawater intake pipe 15 can also be used for other purposes, such as seawater desalination, to improve energy utilization.
  • the generator 7 is also connected to a battery 8, which is capable of supplying power to the user, the desalination device and the ground source heat pump device 9.
  • the excess power generated by the generator 7 is stored by the battery 8, and the battery 8 can be used for the household 16 to use electricity.
  • the battery 8 can supplement the power supply to the seawater desalination device, and can also supply the ground source heat pump.
  • the device 9 is powered.
  • the seawater desalination apparatus includes a pretreatment device 11, a high pressure pump 12, a security filter 13 and a reverse osmosis device 14, which are connected in series, the pretreatment device 11 is in communication with the cold side outlet 42 of the heat exchanger 4, the generator 7 and the battery 8 Both can supply power to the high pressure pump 12 in the desalination unit.
  • the heat generated in the compressed air of the compressor 3 can be used to heat the seawater in the seawater pipeline 15, which is advantageous for the efficient implementation of the desalination process.
  • the ground source heat pump device 9 comprises an outdoor ground heat exchange unit, a ground source heat pump unit and an indoor heating and cooling air conditioner which are sequentially connected, wherein the outdoor ground energy heat exchange unit is coupled with the seawater water intake pipe 15, and the outdoor ground heat exchange unit and the seawater are
  • the heat exchange, generator 7 and battery 8 are each capable of supplying power to the compressor in the ground source heat pump unit.
  • the outdoor ground heat exchange unit is disposed on the ground, and the sea water is first taken through the outdoor heat exchange system for heat exchange to achieve the ground source heat pump effect; or the outdoor ground heat exchange unit is disposed on the sea bottom, and the outdoor ground can be exchanged
  • the thermal system is combined with the seawater intake pipe to the seabed, and the indoor heating and air conditioning end system can meet the needs of a variety of users for 16 pairs of cooling capacity and heat. For example, indoor heating and cooling, food, clothing and other storage drying.
  • the seawater water intake pipe 15 communicates with the seawater water intake device 10, as shown in Fig. 1, that is, the seawater after heat exchange by the outdoor heat exchange unit enters the cold side inlet 41 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the wind turbine device 1 is a horizontal axis wind turbine, or the wind turbine device 1 is a vertical axis wind turbine.
  • the transmission device 2 is a gearbox.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统，包括风力机装置（1）、压缩空气储能装置、海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置（9），所述压缩空气储能装置包括依次连接的等温压缩式压缩机、储气室（5）、膨胀机（6）和发电机（7），风力机装置（1）的输出轴通过传动装置（2）与所述等温压缩式压缩机连接，发电机（7）能够向用户、所述海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置（9）供电。该系统直接利用岛屿上及偏远沿海地区丰富风能和海水热能实现冷、热、电、水的四联产，在于陆地隔离的情况下，完全实现了自满足，同时该系统不需要燃烧化石燃料，不产生温室气体及硫化物氮化物等污染气体。

Description

一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统
技术领域
本发明涉及于可再生能源的综合利用领域，具体是涉及一种针对岛屿及沿海偏远地 区综合利用风能和海水热能实现冷热电水多联产的独立系统。 背景技术
随着人类以及社会的发展， 人类脚步已经踏遍地球上每一个角落， 进入 21 世 纪以来， 经济持续的发展和生活水平不断的提高， 人类对水， 电， 冷， 热的需求量 越来越大， 尤其对于一些偏远地区以及岛屿， 无法在本地区获取资源， 又由于与大 陆的距离， 很难依靠大陆得到生活中所需的水， 电， 热， 冷等生活不可缺少的资源。 同时， 岛屿的供能问题也一直影响着国防边疆岛屿上驻守的战士们的生活质量。 因 此， 只有利用各地区的新能源才能从根本上解决以上问题， 而对于岛屿来说， 一般 拥有丰富的风能资源和海水热能资源。
受全球能源危机和环境恶化的影响， 以风能为代表的新能源开发利用受到大多 数国家的重视， 并纷纷制订了相关的激励政策和措施。 受此影响， 全球风能开发利 用得到迅猛发展。 目前， 全球的风力发电增长速度惊人， 据 BTM统计数据显示 2010 年全球风电累计装机容量达到 199. 5GW。 我国继续保持风电设备生产和风电场开发 快速发展的强劲势头。据中国可再生能源学会风能专业委员会（CWEA)的统计， 2010 年我国除台湾省外其他地区共新增风电装机 12904台，装机容量达 18. 93GW, 自 2009 年后继续保持全球新增装机容量第一的排名。
然而风能资源存在不稳定性的特点： 风速时常变化， 能量供应不稳定， 具有间 歇性， 波动性， 同时风能发电也存在并网问题， 在一定程度上限制了风力发电的发 展， 因此， 需要将不稳定的风能与储能系统联合起来才能有效的利用风资源。
从长远角度来看， 发展海水淡化， 不论从经济上， 还是从环境上都更加可行。 海水淡化水源稳定、 清洁， 产水成本逐渐降低， 已经受到越来越多国家， 尤其是干 旱缺水国家的重视。 事实上， 世界范围的普遍缺水已经使海水淡化技术从中东的沙 漠地区扩展到全球的主要沿海城市， 并形成了海水淡化水的生产销售和海水淡化设 备制造两大产业。 因此， 海水淡化作为开发新水源的一种技术已经确定无疑地成了 全世界的必然趋势。 然而， 海水淡化耗能多， 大力发展便宜的可再生能源并用于海 水淡化将是解决海水淡化高成本的重要途径。
海水淡化方法按照分离过程分类， 可分为热过程和膜过程两类。 热过程是利用 热能使海水蒸发， 再通过水蒸汽的冷凝得到淡水。 热过程有多级闪蒸（(Multi stage Flash, MSF)、 多效蒸熘（（Multi Effect Distillation, ME)、 蒸汽压缩（vapor Compression, VC)等； 膜过程则是利用分离膜对水和盐的选择透过性， 将盐分截留 或移走， 得到淡水的方法。 膜过程有反渗透法（（Reverse Osmosis, R0)、 和电渗析 ((Electro DialysisED)等。 目前比较常用的海水淡化方法主要有多级闪蒸 (Multi-Stage Flash, MSF) 、 低温多效蒸熘 (Multiple Effect Distillation, MED) 和反渗透法 （Reverse Osmosis, R0) 等 3种， 其中反渗透法海水淡化技术因 其能耗低、 系统安装维护相对简单等优点， 以及反渗透膜元件在材料、 结构等方面 不断取得突破， 反渗透海水淡化技术近几十年来取得了飞跃发展， 使得反渗透技术 己经成为海水淡化、 苦咸水淡化、 纯水和超纯水制备最经济的手段， 目前已得到了 广泛的应用。
地源热泵利用土壤或水体温度冬季为 12-22°C， 温度比环境空气温度高， 热泵循环 的蒸发温度提高， 能效比也提高； 土壤或水体温度夏季为 18-32°C， 温度比环境空气温 度低， 制冷系统冷凝温度降低， 使得冷却效果好于风冷式和冷却塔式， 机组效率大大提 高， 可以节约 30-40%的供热制冷空调的运行费用， 1KW的电能可以得到 4KW以上的热 量或 5KW以上冷量。 因此将地源热泵用于岛屿具有很好的发展前景。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中偏远地区以及岛屿上缺少水、电、热、冷等生活资源的问题， 本发明提供了一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统，该系统直接利用岛 屿上及偏远沿海地区丰富风能和海水热能实现冷、 热、 电、 水的四联产， 在于陆地隔离 的情况下， 完全实现了自满足， 同时该系统不需要燃烧化石燃料， 不产生温室气体及硫 化物氮化物等污染气体。
本发明为解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热 电水多联产系统， 包括风力机装置、 压缩空气储能装置、 海水淡化装置和地源热泵 装置， 所述压缩空气储能装置包括依次连接的等温压缩式压缩机、 储气室、 膨胀机 和发电机， 风力机装置的输出轴通过传动装置与所述等温压缩式压缩机连接， 发电 机能够向用户、 所述海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置供电。 本发明的有益效果是-
1、 本发明采用直接利用风能， 将风力机装置从风中获得的机械能通过压缩机转换 为空气内能， 能量转换过程为机械能-内能， 相当于以风力发电为基础的电力驱动压缩 空气储能， 同时由于省去发电部分设备， 具有能量转换效率高、 结构简单、 投资省、 维 护简单等特点。 整个系统在运转工程中不产生任何污染环境的物质， 是名副其实的环 保、 节能系统。
2、 本发明采用蓄电池与压缩空气储能发电耦合供电， 成功解决了风能的不稳定与 用户用电的矛盾。 压缩空气储能本身具有一定的削峰平谷的作用， 蓄电池进一步与压缩 空气储能发电配合， 进一步加强削峰平谷的作用。
3、 本发明采用地源热泵与海水淡化取水装置相结合， 充分利用海水热能资源， 同 时简化了装置， 节约造价。
4、 本发明真正实现了孤岛上的冷、 热、 电、 水、 多联产， 在与陆地隔离的情况下， 完全实现了自满足， 同时系统不需要燃烧化石燃料， 不产生温室气体及硫化物氮化物等 污染气体。
5、 本发明与风力机装置结合适用范围广， 既可与风电场相结合， 也可独立建设生 产； 既可以单机组风力机设计， 也可以多机组合设计； 适用于风力资源较为丰富的海岛 和其他沿海地区。 附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统作 进一步详细的描述。
图 1是本发明所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统的原理示意 图。
其中 1. 风力机装置， 2. 传动装置， 3. 压缩机， 4. 热交换器， 41. 冷侧入口， 42. 冷侧出口， 5. 储气室， 6. 膨胀机， 7. 发电机， 8. 蓄电池， 9. 地源热泵装置， 10. 海水取水装置， 11. 前处理装置， 12. 高压泵， 13. 保安过滤器， 14. 反渗透装 置， 15. 海水取水管道， 16. 用户。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统进 行详细说明。一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统，包括风力机装置 1、 压缩空气储能装置、 海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置 9， 所述压缩空气储能装置包括 依次连接的等温压缩式压缩机、 储气室 5、 膨胀机 6和发电机 7， 风力机装置 1的 输出轴通过传动装置 2与所述等温压缩式压缩机连接， 发电机 7能够向用户、 所述 海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置 9供电， 如图 1所示。
在图 1中， 装置之间有三种带箭头的连线， 带箭头的虚线表示空气的传输， 如 储气室 5和膨胀机 6之间用虚线连接， 表示储气室 5向膨胀机 6内输送空气； 带箭头的 实线表示海水或淡水的传输，如前处理装置 11与热交换器 4的冷侧出口 42之间用实 线连接， 表示被热交换器 4加热的海水进入前处理装置 11， 同时， 也可以表示含有 海水或淡水的管线， 如海水取水管道 15; 带箭头的点划线表示电的传输， 如发电机 7 和高压泵 12之间用点划线连接， 表示发电机 7向高压泵 12供电。
风力机装置 1的输出轴通过传动装置 2与所述等温压缩式压缩机连接， 该近似 等温压缩式压缩机包括压缩机 3和热交换器 4， 风力机装置 1的输出轴通过传动装 置 2与压缩机 3连接， 风力机装置 1能够为压缩机 3提供动力， 压缩机 3能够将空气 压缩到一定的压强并送至储气室 5进行储存， 此时风的机械能将转换为空气的内能， 当 储气室 5内空气满足膨胀机 6要求时， 高压空气将被送入膨胀机 6内膨胀做功， 膨胀机 6做功带动发电机 7发电， 此时空气的内能将转换为电能， 发电机 7发出的电能够供用 户、 所述海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置 9使用。
由于风能具有一定的波动性和不稳定性，一方面风能的波动性使得风力机装置 1在 直接连接发电机的可实现性难度增加， 另一方面风能的不稳定性与用户的用电需求构成 了一定的矛盾。所以本发明中将风力机装置从风中获得的机械能通过压缩机转换为空气 内能再通过发电机转换为电能， 能量转换过程为机械能-内能-电能。 利用压缩空气储能 本身具有一定的削峰平谷的作用， 使压缩空气的内能可以平稳的换成电能以便于使用。 另外， 发电机 7还连接有蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8可以进一步与压缩空气储能发电配合， 弥补发电量不足时和发电量过剩时的缺陷， 进一步加强削峰平谷的作用。 所以该系统结 构简单、投资省、维护简单等特点。整个系统在运转工程中不产生任何污染环境的物质， 是名副其实的环保、 节能系统。
所述等温压缩式压缩机包括压缩机 3和热交换器 4， 压缩机 3和热交换器 4耦 合设置， 风力机装置 1的输出轴通过传动装置 2与压缩机 3连接， 热交换器 4的冷 侧入口 41与用于输送海水的海水取水管道 15联通， 热交换器 4的热侧与储气室 5 连通， 热交换器 4向储气室 5内输入高压空气。 热交换器 4与压缩机 3耦合设置， 利 用所述近似等温压缩式压缩机压缩空气过程中产生的热量来加热海水取水管路 15 中的海水， 这样既可以使得压缩机 3 的压缩行程近似为等温压缩过程， 降低压缩机 3 的耗功， 被加热的海水取水管路 15中的海水还可以做其他之用， 如海水淡化， 以提 高能源的利用率。
发电机 7还连接有蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8能够向用户、 所述海水淡化装置和地源 热泵装置 9供电。 发电机 7发出的多余发电量由蓄电池 8储存， 蓄电池 8可以供用户 16的生活用电，同时当发电机 7发电量不足时，蓄电池 8可以补充向海水淡化装置供电， 也可以向地源热泵装置 9供电。
所述海水淡化装置包括依次连接的前处理装置 11、 高压泵 12、 保安过滤器 13 和反渗透装置 14， 前处理装置 11与热交换器 4的冷侧出口 42连通， 发电机 7和蓄 电池 8均能够向海水淡化装置中的高压泵 12供电。这样可以利用压缩机 3压缩空气过 程中产生的热量来加热海水管路 15中的海水， 有利于海水淡化工程的高效进行。
地源热泵装置 9包括依次连接的室外地能换热机组、 地源热泵机组和室内冷暖 空调， 所述室外地能换热机组与海水取水管道 15 耦合设置， 室外地能换热机组与 海水进行换热， 发电机 7和蓄电池 8均能够向所述地源热泵机组中的压缩机供电。 所述室外地能换热机组设置在地面， 将海水取水首先经过室外地能换热系统进行换热 达到地源热泵效果； 或所述室外地能换热机组设置在海底， 将室外地能换热系统与海 水取水管道结合布置到海底， 室内采暖空调末端系可以满足多种用户 16对冷量和热量 的需求。 比如室内供暖供冷， 食物， 衣物等储物的烘干。 为了提高海水的利用率， 海 水取水管道 15与海水取水装置 10连通， 如图 1所示， 即室外地能换热机组换热后 的海水进入热交换器 4的冷侧入口 41。
另外， 风力机装置 1为水平轴风力机、 或风力机装置 1为垂直轴风力机。 传动装 置 2为变速箱。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施例， 不能以其限定发明实施的范围， 所以其等同 组件的置换， 或依本发明专利保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰， 都应仍属于本专利涵盖 的范畴。 另外， 本发明中的技术特征与技术特征之间、 技术特征与技术方案之间、 技术 方案与技术方案之间均可以自由组合使用。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特征在于： 所述综合 利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统包括风力机装置 （1) 、 压缩空气储能装 置、 海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置 （9) ， 所述压缩空气储能装置包括依次连接的 等温压缩式压缩机、 储气室 （5) 、 膨胀机 （6) 和发电机 （7) ， 风力机装置 （1) 的输出轴通过传动装置 （2) 与所述等温压缩式压缩机连接， 发电机 （7) 能够向用 户、 所述海水淡化装置和地源热泵装置 （9) 供电。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 所述等温压缩式压缩机包括压缩机 （3) 和热交换器 （4) ， 压缩机 （3) 和 热交换器 （4) 耦合设置， 风力机装置 （1) 的输出轴通过传动装置 （2) 与压缩机 (3)连接， 热交换器（4) 的冷侧入口 （41)与用于输送海水的海水取水管道（15) 联通， 热交换器 （4) 的热侧与储气室 （5) 连通。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 发电机（7)还连接有蓄电池（8) ， 蓄电池（8) 能够向用户、 所述海水淡 化装置和地源热泵装置 （9) 供电。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 所述海水淡化装置包括依次连接的前处理装置 （11) 、 高压泵 （12) 、 保 安过滤器 （13) 和反渗透装置 （14) ， 前处理装置 （11) 与热交换器 （4) 的冷侧 出口 （42) 连通， 发电机 （7) 和蓄电池 （8) 均能够向高压泵 （12) 供电。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 地源热泵装置（9)包括依次连接的室外地能换热机组、 地源热泵机组和室 内冷暖空调， 所述室外地能换热机组与海水取水管道 （15) 耦合设置， 发电机 （7) 和蓄电池 （8) 均能够向所述地源热泵机组供电。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 所述室外地能换热机组设置在地面， 或所述室外地能换热机组设置在海底。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 海水取水管道 （15) 与海水取水装置 （10) 连通。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 风力机装置 （1) 为水平轴风力机、 或风力机装置 （1) 为垂直轴风力机。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的综合利用风能和海水热能的冷热电水多联产系统， 其特 征在于： 传动装置 （2 ) 为变速箱。
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