WO2014183473A1 - 一种喷射器 - Google Patents

一种喷射器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014183473A1
WO2014183473A1 PCT/CN2014/000493 CN2014000493W WO2014183473A1 WO 2014183473 A1 WO2014183473 A1 WO 2014183473A1 CN 2014000493 W CN2014000493 W CN 2014000493W WO 2014183473 A1 WO2014183473 A1 WO 2014183473A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
annular cavity
injector
working fluid
ejector
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祝银海
姜培学
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injector, belonging to the technical field of energy and power. Background technique
  • Ejectors are widely used in refrigeration, fuel cells, chemical and aerospace applications due to their simple structure, low cost, easy operation and easy maintenance.
  • the ejector is also referred to as a jet vacuum pump, a jet vacuum ejector, a jet pump, a water ejector, a vacuum ejector, etc. depending on its use.
  • injectors often play a key role in the system. Increasing the performance of the injectors can increase the overall system efficiency associated with the industrial sector.
  • the ejector coefficient ⁇ is generally used as an index for evaluating the performance of the injector, which is defined as:
  • injection pressure temperature
  • ejector pressure temperature
  • back pressure of the injector are often associated with the overall operating state of the system, and there is less room for optimization. Therefore, optimization of the injector structure is the primary way to improve injector performance. Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides an injector comprising a nozzle, a mixing section and a diffusing section;
  • the nozzle includes a front portion of the nozzle, a throat of the nozzle, and a rear portion of the nozzle;
  • a ring cavity is disposed on a wall surface of the nozzle, a fluid inlet end of the ring cavity is in communication with the front portion of the nozzle, and a plurality of through holes are disposed on an end surface between the ring cavity and the front portion of the nozzle; A fluid outlet end of the annulus is in communication with the nozzle throat or the nozzle rear.
  • the plurality of through holes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end face to allow the working fluid to uniformly enter the ring cavity.
  • the fluid outlet end of the annular chamber is between the nozzle rear portion or the nozzle throat
  • An annular wall is formed which can distort the working fluid entering the mixing section directly through the throat of the nozzle, increasing its flow loss and thereby reducing the flow rate.
  • the end surface of the annular wall has a tip shape to enhance the degree of disturbance to the working fluid.
  • the present invention also provides an injector of another structure comprising a nozzle, a mixing section and a diffusing section; the nozzle comprising a nozzle front portion and a nozzle throat;
  • a ring cavity is disposed on a wall surface of the nozzle, a fluid inlet end of the ring cavity is in communication with the front portion of the nozzle, and a plurality of through holes are disposed on an end surface between the ring cavity and the front portion of the nozzle; A fluid outlet end of the annular chamber is in communication with the nozzle throat.
  • the plurality of through holes are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end face to allow the working fluid to uniformly enter the ring cavity.
  • annular wall is formed between the fluid outlet end of the annular chamber and the rear portion of the nozzle, and the annular wall can directly enter the working fluid of the mixing section through the nozzle throat. Disturbance is generated to increase the flow loss, which in turn reduces the flow.
  • the end surface of the annular wall has a tip shape to enhance the degree of disturbance to the working fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an injector provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the C-C of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of another injector provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another injector provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a test result of an injection test using the injector of the present invention and an existing injector
  • Figure 7 (a) shows the relationship between the mass flow rate of the injector working fluid and the working fluid pressure of the injector;
  • Figure 7 (b) shows the relationship between the mass flow rate of the injector ejecting fluid and the working fluid pressure of the injector.
  • Figure 7 (c) shows the relationship between the ejector coefficient and the ejector working fluid pressure;
  • the markings are as follows: 1 nozzle, 2 mixing section, 3 diffuser section, 4 nozzle front, 5 nozzle throat, 6 nozzle rear, 7 ring cavity, 8 annular wall, 9 through hole. detailed description
  • the injector provided by the present invention comprises a nozzle 1, a mixing section 2 and a diffusing section 3; wherein the nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle front portion 4, a nozzle throat portion 5 and a nozzle rear portion 6; 4, on the wall of the nozzle 1
  • An annular chamber 7 is disposed, the fluid inlet end of the annular chamber 7 is in communication with the nozzle front portion 4, and the end surface between the annular chamber 7 and the nozzle front portion 4 is provided with four through holes 9, and the 4
  • the through holes 9 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end face, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the working fluid enters the annular cavity 7 through the through holes 9.
  • the fluid outlet end of the annular chamber 7 communicates with the nozzle throat 5, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, from which the portion of the working fluid exits and merges with another portion of the working fluid and then into the mixing section.
  • An annular wall 8 is formed between the fluid outlet end of the annular chamber 7 and the nozzle rear portion 6. As shown in Fig. 1, the end surface of the annular wall 8 has a tip end shape which is disposed directly through the nozzle throat 5. The working fluid of the mixing section 2 is disturbed, causing an increase in flow loss, which in turn causes a decrease in flow rate.
  • the present invention also provides an injector of another configuration, as shown in Fig. 5, having substantially the same structure as the injector described above, except that: wherein the nozzle 1 includes a nozzle front portion 4 and a nozzle throat portion 5, at the nozzle The fluid outlet end of the annular chamber 7 provided on the wall of 1 is in communication with the nozzle throat 5.
  • the present invention further provides an injector of another configuration, as shown in Fig. 6, which has substantially the same structure as the above-described injector, except that: the fluid outlet end of the annular chamber 7 provided on the wall surface of the nozzle 1 is The nozzle rear portion 6 is in communication.
  • the ejector provided by the present invention works as follows: the working fluid medium first flows into the nozzle 1 of the ejector, and is divided into two paths at the front end 4 of the nozzle, and a working fluid passes through the nozzle throat 5 and The nozzle rear portion 6 enters the mixing section 2 of the injector; the other working fluid first enters the annular chamber 7, then flows into the nozzle throat 6, and merges with the first working fluid to enter the mixing section 2.
  • the working fluid medium and the ejector fluid medium merge at the mixing section 2 of the ejector and then exit the ejector through the diffuser section 3.
  • the comparative test is carried out by using the injector shown in Fig. 1 provided by the present invention and the existing injector.
  • the main structural parameters of the two injectors are: nozzle throat diameter 3.6 mm, nozzle annular wall throat diameter 3.4 mm
  • the injector mixing section has a diameter of 8 mm.
  • test conditions are: working medium is nitrogen; working fluid pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.55 MPa; ejector fluid pressure is 0.06-0.09 MPa; injector outlet pressure is 0.1 MPa.
  • the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and the structure, connection manner, and the like of the components may be varied. Any equivalent transformation and improvement based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded. Outside the scope of protection of the invention.
  • Industrial application 1 The annular cavity provided in the present invention is equivalent to a bypass, so that most of the working fluid flows directly into the mixing section of the injector through the throat of the nozzle; another part of the working fluid flows along the front of the nozzle, after passing through the annular cavity, or from the throat of the nozzle or The rear of the nozzle flows out and merges with the former part of the working fluid before flowing into the injector mixing section.

Landscapes

  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种喷射器，该喷射器包括喷嘴（1）、混合段（2）和扩压段（3）；喷嘴（1）包括喷嘴前部（4）、喷嘴喉部（5）和喷嘴后部（6）；喷嘴（1）的壁面上设有一环腔（7），环腔（7）的流体入口端与所述喷嘴前部（4）相连通，环腔（7）与所述喷嘴前部（4）之间的端面上设有若干个通孔（9）；环腔（9）的流体出口端与喷嘴喉部（5）或喷嘴后部（6）相连通。环腔（9）相当于一个旁路，因此工作流体大部分直接经喷嘴喉部（5）流入喷射器的混合段（2）；另一部分工作流体沿喷嘴前部（4），经过环腔（9）后从喷嘴喉部（5）或喷嘴后部（6）流出，与前一部分工作流体相汇合后再流入喷射器混合段（2）。由于环腔（9）的设置没有改变工作流体进入喷嘴的压力，由喷嘴的工作原理可知，工作流体在经过喷嘴所能达到的马赫数不变，因此抽吸的引射流体的流量也会基本不变，所以喷射器的性能得到了提升。

Description

一种喷射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷射器， 属于能源与动力技术领域。 背景技术
喷射器由于结构简单、 造价低廉、 操作容易和维修方便， 被广泛用于制冷、 燃 料电池、 化工和航空航天等多个领域。 喷射器依据其用途又称为射流真空泵、 射流 真空喷射器、 喷射泵、 水喷射器、 真空喷射器等。 作为一种增压、 真空、 混合装置， 喷射器往往在系统中扮演关键部件的角色。 提高喷射器的性能， 可以提升与之相关 工业领域的整体系统效率。
喷射器的结构尺寸、 喷射压力 （温度）、 引射压力 （温度）和背压都会影响喷射 器的性能。 一般采用引射系数 ω作为评价喷射器性能的指标， 其定义为：
其中 s为引射流的质量流量， kg/s; P为工作流的质量流量， kg/s。
喷射器的喷射压力 （温度）、 引射压力 （温度）和背压往往与系统整体工作状态 相关联， 可优化的余地较小。 因此， 喷射器结构的优化是提高喷射器性能的主要途 径。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种喷射器， 所述喷射器利用一个含有环腔的喷嘴， 相比 于普通喷射器， 所述喷射器抽吸相等的引射流体， 只需用较少的工作流体， 以此来 提高喷射器的性能。
本发明所提供的一种喷射器， 它包括喷嘴、 混合段和扩压段；
所述喷嘴包括喷嘴前部、 喷嘴喉部和喷嘴后部；
所述喷嘴的壁面上设有一环腔，所述环腔的流体入口端与所述喷嘴前部相连通， 所述环腔与所述喷嘴前部之间的端面上设有若干个通孔； 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴喉部或所述喷嘴后部相连通。
上述的喷射器中， 所述若干个通孔沿所述端面的周向均匀布置， 以使工作流体 均匀地进入所述环腔中。
上述的喷射器中， 所述环腔的流体出口端与所述喷嘴后部或所述喷嘴喉部之间 形成一环状壁， 所述环状壁可以对直接通过所述喷嘴喉部进入所述混合段的工作流 体产生扰动， 使其流动损失增大， 进而使得流量减少。
上述的喷射器中， 所述环状壁的端面呈尖端状， 以增强对工作流体扰动的程度。 本发明还提供了另一种结构的喷射器， 它包括喷嘴、 混合段和扩压段； 所述喷嘴包括喷嘴前部和喷嘴喉部；
所述喷嘴的壁面上设有一环腔，所述环腔的流体入口端与所述喷嘴前部相连通， 所述环腔与所述喷嘴前部之间的端面上设有若干个通孔； 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴喉部相连通。
上述的喷射器中， 所述若干个通孔沿所述端面的周向均匀布置， 以使工作流体 均匀地进入所述环腔中。
上述的喷射器中， 所述环腔的流体出口端与所述喷嘴后部之间形成一环状壁， 所述环状壁可以对直接通过所述喷嘴喉部进入所述混合段的工作流体产生扰动， 使 其流动损失增大， 进而使得流量减少。
上述的喷射器中， 所述环状壁的端面呈尖端状， 以增强对工作流体扰动的程度。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的一种喷射器的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1中 A-A截面示意图。
图 3为图 1 中 B-B截面示意图。
图 4为图 1 中 C-C截面示意图。
图 5为本发明提供的另一种喷射器的结构示意图。
图 6为本发明提供的另一种喷射器的结构示意图。
图 7为利用本发明的喷射器和现有喷射器进行喷射试验的测试结果；
其中， 图 7 ( a) 为喷射器工作流体质量流量与喷射器工作流体压力之间的变化关系； 图 7 (b ) 为喷射器引射流体质量流量与喷射器工作流体压力之间的变化关系； 图 7 (c) 为引射系数与喷射器工作流体压力之间的变化关系；
图中各标记如下： 1 喷嘴、 2 混合段、 3 扩压段、 4 喷嘴前部、 5 喷嘴喉部、 6 喷嘴后部、 7 环腔、 8 环状壁、 9 通孔。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明， 但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
如图 1所示， 本发明提供的喷射器包括喷嘴 1、 混合段 2和扩压段 3 ; 其中， 喷 嘴 1包括喷嘴前部 4、 喷嘴喉部 5和喷嘴后部 6; 如图 2-图 4所示， 在喷嘴 1的壁面 上设有一个环腔 7， 该环腔 7的流体入口端与喷嘴前部 4相连通， 且该环腔 7与喷嘴 前部 4之间的端面上设有 4个通孔 9， 且该 4个通孔 9沿该端面的周向均匀布置， 如 图 2所示， 以使工作流体通过通孔 9进入至环腔 7中。 该环腔 7的流体出口端与喷 嘴喉部 5相连通， 如图 3和图 4所示， 这部分工作流体从此处流出后与另一部分工 作流体进行汇合， 然后进入至混合段中。 在环腔 7的流体出口端与喷嘴后部 6之间 形成了一个环状壁 8， 如图 1所示， 该环状壁 8的端面呈尖端状， 其设置可以直接通 过喷嘴喉部 5进入混合段 2的工作流体产生扰动， 使其流动损失增大， 进而使得流 量减少。
本发明还提供了另一种结构的喷射器， 如图 5所示， 其结构基本与上述喷射器 相同， 不同之处在于： 其中喷嘴 1包括喷嘴前部 4和喷嘴喉部 5， 在该喷嘴 1的壁面 上设置的环腔 7的流体出口端与喷嘴喉部 5相连通。
本发明进一步了提供了另一种结构的喷射器， 如图 6所示， 其结构基本与上述 喷射器相同， 不同之处在于： 在喷嘴 1 的壁面上设置的环腔 7的流体出口端与喷嘴 后部 6相连通。
以图 1 所示喷射器为例， 本发明提供的喷射器的工作过程为： 工作流体介质先 流入喷射器的喷嘴 1，在喷嘴前端 4分为两路， 一路工作流体通过喷嘴喉部 5和喷嘴 后部 6进入喷射器的混合段 2; 另一路工作流体先进入环腔 7，然后流入喷嘴喉部 6， 与第一路工作流体相汇合后进入混合段 2。
工作流体介质和引射流体介质在喷射器的混合段 2处相汇合， 再通过扩压段 3 后流出喷射器。
用本发明提供的图 1 所示的喷射器和现有的喷射器进行对比试验， 其中， 两种 喷射器的主要结构参数为： 喷嘴喉部直径 3.6mm， 喷嘴环状壁喉部直径 3.4mm， 喷 射器混合段直径 8mm。
试验条件为： 工作介质为氮气； 工作流体压力 0.3~0.55 MPa; 引射流体压力 0.06-0.09 MPa; 喷射器出口压力 0.1MPa。
测试结果如图 7 ( a)、 7 (b) 和 7 (c) 所示， 由该图可得知， 使用本发明提供 的喷射器时， 由于工作流体的质量流量（ P)减小， 而抽吸的引射流体的流量（ s) 会基本不变， 因此喷射器的性能 （ s/ P， 即引射系数） 得到了提升。
上述各实施例仅用于说明本发明， 其中各部件的结构、 连接方式等都是可以有所 变化的， 凡是在本发明技术方案的基础上进行的等同变换和改进， 均不应排除在本发 明的保护范围之外。 工业应用 1、本发明中设置的环腔相当于一个旁路， 因此工作流体大部分直接经喷嘴喉部 流入喷射器的混合段； 另一部分工作流体沿喷嘴前部， 经过环腔后从喷嘴喉部或喷 嘴后部流出， 与前一部分工作流体相汇合后再流入喷射器混合段。 由于从环腔中流 出的工作流体的速度方向与第一部分工作流体的速度方向接近垂直， 所以在汇合的 过程中， 会产生较大的摩擦阻力， 并且会使得第一部分的工作流体在喷嘴喉部的有 效流通面积减少， 从而使得通过喷嘴的工作流体的流量 （ P) 减少。 同时， 环腔流 体出口段设置的尖锐的环状壁可对工作流体产生扰动， 使其流动损失增大， 进而使 得流量减少。
2、由于环腔的设置没有改变工作流体进入喷嘴的压力，由喷嘴的工作原理可知， 工作流体在经过喷嘴所能达到的马赫数不变， 因此抽吸的引射流体的流量 （ s) 也 会基本不变， 所以喷射器的性能 （ s/ P) 得到了提升。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述喷射器包括喷嘴、 混合段和扩压段； 所述喷嘴包括喷嘴前部、 喷嘴喉部和喷嘴后部；
所述喷嘴的壁面上设有一环腔，所述环腔的流体入口端与所述喷嘴前部相连通， 所述环腔与所述喷嘴前部之间的端面上设有若干个通孔； 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴喉部或所述喷嘴后部相连通。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述若干个通孔沿所述端面的 周向均匀布置。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴喉部或所述喷嘴后部之间形成一环状壁。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述环状壁的端面呈尖端状。
5、 一种喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述喷射器包括喷嘴、 混合段和扩压段； 所述喷嘴包括喷嘴前部和喷嘴喉部；
所述喷嘴的壁面上设有一环腔，所述环腔的流体入口端与所述喷嘴前部相连通， 所述环腔与所述喷嘴前部之间的端面上设有若干个通孔； 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴喉部相连通。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述若干个通孔沿所述端面的 周向均匀布置。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述环腔的流体出口端与 所述喷嘴后部之间形成一环状壁。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的喷射器， 其特征在于： 所述环状壁的端面呈尖端状。
PCT/CN2014/000493 2013-05-15 2014-05-13 一种喷射器 Ceased WO2014183473A1 (zh)

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