WO2014180449A1 - 一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法 - Google Patents

一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法 Download PDF

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WO2014180449A1
WO2014180449A1 PCT/CN2014/079998 CN2014079998W WO2014180449A1 WO 2014180449 A1 WO2014180449 A1 WO 2014180449A1 CN 2014079998 W CN2014079998 W CN 2014079998W WO 2014180449 A1 WO2014180449 A1 WO 2014180449A1
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user
interference
users
cell
group
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王朝炜
李楠
张万方
王程
张骁
王帅
黄琛
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/102,902 priority Critical patent/US10069545B2/en
Publication of WO2014180449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180449A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0047Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
    • H04L1/0048Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation in conjunction with detection of multiuser or interfering signals, e.g. iteration between CDMA or MIMO detector and FEC decoder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03343Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03891Spatial equalizers
    • H04L25/03898Spatial equalizers codebook-based design
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0073Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/50Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/541Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/30Resource management for broadcast services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radio frequency, and in particular to a precoding system and method based on interference alignment.
  • a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system refers to a number of cells (one base station in each cell (Base Station,
  • BS Backbone Network
  • UE User Equipment
  • both the BS and the UE can have multiple antennas, and the BS uses the same frequency resource to simultaneously serve multiple users.
  • multi-user MIM0 can effectively improve system capacity, and thus is considered as one of the key technologies for next-generation wireless communication, and is valued by standardization organizations such as 3GPP.
  • Interference alignment technology uses Degree of Free (DoF), which is used to evaluate system capacity, and the accuracy of the evaluation increases with increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SR).
  • DoF Degree of Free
  • SR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the emergence of interference alignment technology has opened up a new direction for interference suppression. It can be applied to systems with single antenna/multi-antenna configuration, without complicated structural design of the terminal and without using existing network architecture and protocol interfaces, by utilizing TDD system channels. Reciprocity, inter-cell interference suppression can be achieved without sharing data. Therefore, the interference alignment technology has received extensive attention from major academic and research institutions at home and abroad.
  • the basic idea of interference alignment is to design a precoding matrix on the transmitting end to limit the interference signal to a specific received signal subspace, and reserve another part of the interference free signal space for data transmission.
  • the basis for using the interference alignment technique is that the transmitter needs to obtain global channel state information.
  • the user can feed back the channel state information of the useful channel and the interference channel to the BS serving the user through the feedback link, and then share information through the X2 interface between the BSs to perform data transmission.
  • the interference alignment technology is used to design a suitable precoding matrix to eliminate interference.
  • Each user also needs to feed back the complete CSI to all BSs.
  • the CSI has no processing, and the required feedback link capacity load is large. Degree of influence on the system Spectral efficiency.
  • the interference alignment technique is applied to a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system, there are still many problems to be solved in the feedback process in which the BS obtains channel state information through feedback.
  • M the number of antennas at the transmitting end
  • W the number of antennas at the receiving end
  • the BS in the cell only serves the users in the cell (in this case, the cell number, the cell)
  • the internal BS number, the user number in the small area is z
  • Equation 1 shows that at the receiving end, the interference of all interferers is aligned in the same direction and eliminated, and the interference is aligned in the same direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of CSI global feedback of a single-user MIMO system.
  • each user broadcasts the complex coefficients in its own channel matrix H to all interferers without error.
  • each user needs to feed back W * M elements in its channel matrix to all ( -1) interferers, the magnitude of which is (f - l) * W * M, and the feedback information of the whole system is f * ( f - l) * W *M, and this feedback magnitude is calculated only when each transmitter only serves one receiver.
  • each BS can serve multiple users simultaneously. In this case, the magnitude of the feedback will be higher.
  • the available throughput gain is linear with the number of users, but the overhead caused by feedback and the number of users are squared (in a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system). It will be affected by the number of cells, the number of users, and the number of antennas at the transceiver end. It is a linear relationship. Therefore, from a global perspective, when the number of users is large, the system will bring back the overhead caused by the cost of complete CSI. Performance loss may even exceed the benefits that can be achieved with throughput improvements.
  • each user feeds back channel state information (CSI) without any processing to all BSs, and the feedback CSI will contain redundant information, which results in a large feedback overhead.
  • the information fed back by the user includes not only the CSI of the serving base station but also the CSI of the base station causing the interference thereto, the latter can be deduplicated by designing the precoding matrix.
  • the present invention intends to appropriately group users, establish an appropriate feedback mechanism, and reduce feedback overhead from the user's point of view, so that the interference alignment technology can be practically applied in a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system.
  • the present invention focuses on interference aligning techniques based on user packet feedback mechanisms in multi-cell, multi-user MIMO downlink transmission, wherein the determination of the user packet feedback mechanism depends on the user joint processing strategy. It is expected that the interference alignment technique can be used in a multi-user MIMO system to achieve optimal multiplexing gain while solving the feedback overhead and system resource utilization problems in the interference alignment technology. Based on the above problem analysis, the present invention intends to design a CSI feedback mechanism from the perspective of user joint processing. In the downlink transmission of multi-cell and multi-user MIMO systems, a partial interference alignment scheme based on user grouping is proposed. This solution solves the problem of system feedback overhead caused by the interference alignment technology applied to the downlink transmission of multi-cell and multi-user MIMO systems.
  • the present invention provides a precoding system and method based on interference alignment, which solves the problem of system feedback overhead caused by the interference alignment technology applied to downlink transmission of a multi-cell and multi-user MIMO system.
  • the technical solution is: a method for interference alignment, which is applied to a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system, including: a base station divides multiple users in a cell into a plurality of user groups, and notifies the user group information; When the neighboring cell interferes, users in the user group cooperate with each other to perform interference alignment.
  • the user in the user group cooperates to perform interference alignment, and specifically includes: users in the user group jointly design respective receiving processing matrix according to the interference alignment criterion, so that all users in the group align the interference from the same neighboring cell to In the same or the same interference subspace.
  • the user in the user group cooperates to perform interference alignment, which specifically includes: the user determines whether the interference from the same neighboring cell is strong interference, and if so, the users in the user group cooperate to perform interference. Align.
  • the base station considers one or more of the following factors when dividing a multi-user in a cell into a plurality of user groups: a geographical area where the user is located, resource scheduling, and resource allocation.
  • a precoding method based on interference alignment is applied to a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system, including: a base station divides multiple users in a cell into a plurality of user groups, and notifies the user group information; when the user group is affected by the neighboring cell When the interference occurs, the users in the user group collaborate to perform interference alignment; the user reports the useful channel information to the base station serving the same, and reports the interference spatial information to the base station of the neighboring cell of the interference; The useful channel information and interference space information are precoded for the user.
  • the user in the user group cooperates to perform interference alignment, and specifically includes: users in the user group jointly design respective receiving processing matrix according to the interference alignment criterion, so that all users in the group align the interference from the same neighboring cell to In the same or the same interference subspace.
  • the user in the user group cooperates to perform interference alignment, which specifically includes: the user determines whether the interference from the same neighboring cell is strong interference, and if so, the users in the user group cooperate to perform interference. Align.
  • the base station considers one or more of the following factors when dividing a multi-user in a cell into a plurality of user groups: a geographical area where the user is located, resource scheduling, and resource allocation.
  • the useful channel information reported by the user is obtained by performing the rank reduction processing on the channel information of the user.
  • a user equipment including: a negotiation module, configured to negotiate interworking information with other user equipments in the user group; and an interference alignment module configured to pass the negotiation module and the group when the user group is interfered by the neighboring cell Other users collaborate to interfere with alignment.
  • the user equipment further includes: an interference detection module, configured to notify the negotiation module and the interference alignment module to negotiate interference alignment with other users of the user group when the user is interfered by the neighboring cell.
  • the user in the user group cooperates to perform interference alignment, and specifically includes: users in the user group jointly design respective receiving processing matrix according to the interference alignment criterion, so that all users in the group align the interference from the same neighboring cell to the same or the same In the interference subspace.
  • a base station comprising: a user grouping module, configured to divide a plurality of users in a cell into a plurality of user groups, and notify the user group information; and the user feedback receiving module is configured to receive useful channel information fed back by the user in the user group. And the interference spatial information; the precoding module is configured to precode the user according to the useful channel information and the interference spatial information received by the user feedback receiving module.
  • a precoding system based on interference alignment includes a user equipment group and a base station, and the base station is configured to divide multiple users in the cell into a plurality of user groups, notify the user group information, and receive user feedback in the user group.
  • the user is pre-coded; the user equipment group includes a plurality of user equipments, and when the user group is interfered by the neighboring cell, the users in the user group cooperate to perform interference alignment, and the interference During the alignment process, the user groups do not cooperate, and the useful channel information is reported to the base station serving the same, and the base station that reports the interference spatial information to the neighboring cell of the interference.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) By designing the user's grouping, the user's respective receiving matrix is designed to achieve the effect of the interference in the transmission signal space of the BS.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of CSI global feedback in a single-user MIMO system (point-to-point MIMO).
  • FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of user grouping in each cell in a multi-cell, multi-user MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a partial interference alignment effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Method Embodiments In one embodiment of the present invention, a partial interference alignment scheme based on user joint processing is proposed.
  • each cell In order to overcome the problem of the large number of antennas for the base station and the user in the existing interference alignment scheme in the multi-cell and multi-user system scenario, as shown in FIG. 5, we first group the users of each cell.
  • users belonging to the same user group jointly design a receiving matrix, thereby reducing the redundancy of feedback CSI of each user and reducing the system feedback overhead requirement.
  • each user only needs to feed back the de-redundant processed CSI to the base station serving the user, and implements local feedback.
  • some users need to simultaneously feed back equivalent interference information, which is obtained by user joint processing, in consideration of the fact that each BS cannot design a precoding matrix according to the deduplicated channel information.
  • each user feeds back all the channel state information that has not been processed.
  • the user feeds back the processed useful channel state information and the equivalent interference information.
  • the interference directions of different user groups are different, for a certain cell, the interference direction of the user in the neighboring cell is aligned to several main interference directions, so We refer to the solution proposed by the present invention as a partial interference alignment scheme based on user joint processing.
  • the matrix dimension is MxA; f represents the linear transmission vector of s[M data symbol ⁇ ' and satisfies
  • t; l, the vector dimension is Mxl., the channel from the first base station to the user, the matrix dimension is NxM; ⁇ A Gaussian white noise vector with a mean of 0 and a variance of ⁇ 2 for the user.
  • DoF is one of the key metrics for measuring the performance of multi-antenna systems at high signal-to-noise ratio (S R), as defined by equation (5).
  • the interference alignment implementation scheme of the existing multi-user MIMO system such as the minimum interference leakage scheme and the maximum signal to interference and noise ratio scheme, preferentially design its transmission precoding matrix according to the unprocessed CSI. ⁇ , so that several interferences from neighboring cells are aligned in the same direction (or subspace) in each user's own received signal space, and then the receiving matrix R of each user is designed to eliminate the aligned interference. In these scenarios, the feedback overhead of CSI is high.
  • the partial interference alignment scheme based on user joint processing is as follows:
  • each user After each user obtains its own receiving processing matrix, it performs a reduced rank processing on the channel matrix H that it wants to feed back to the BS in its serving cell, and feeds back the processed channel matrix to its serving BS.
  • the criteria for the rank reduction of H are:
  • Each user group feeds back the interference subspace corresponding to a neighboring cell in step 2) to the BS of the corresponding neighboring cell in a certain manner. After the processing of steps 3) and 4), the system feedback overhead can be reduced.
  • the transmission precoding matrix is designed for the user in the cell with certain criteria, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating inter-user interference and inter-cell interference in the cell.
  • Each cell/middle BS designs a transmit precoding matrix for users in the cell according to the criterion of Equation 9, eliminates inter-user interference in the cell, and eliminates interference to users in neighboring cells.
  • the number of transmitting antennas gM at the BS, the number of receiving antennas at each user ⁇ , the number of users in each cell ⁇ , the number of cells, and the number of expected data streams of each user satisfy the relationship:
  • the relationship between the number M of transmitting antennas at the BS and the number of receiving antennas W at each user should also satisfy the relationship:
  • the number of receiving antennas at each user should satisfy (12) In equations (10), (11), and (12), the number of users in each user group, and ⁇ ' ⁇ .
  • the number of transmitting antennas at the BS is gM
  • the number of receiving antennas at each user is W (assuming the number of receiving antennas at each user is the same)
  • the number of users in each cell ⁇ (assuming the number of users in each cell is the same)
  • the number of cells and the number of expected data streams for each user satisfy the relationship: M>[K(Ll) + l]d s
  • the number of receiving antennas at each user and the number of transmitting antennas at the base station are the product of the number of cells and the number of users in each cell. Increase, when the number of cells is large or the number of users is relatively large, the number of antennas is large. In this way, the hardware implementation complexity is high both at the user and at the BS.
  • the formula (10) with the formula (13), it can be seen that in the solution proposed by the present invention, the number of transmitting antennas M at the BS and the number of receiving antennas W at the user are not related to the number of cells.
  • the present invention can effectively reduce the number of antennas at the receiving and transmitting ends, thereby reducing the implementation complexity of the BS and the user.
  • seven cells are used, and there are K users in each cell to illustrate; the number of antennas at the base station (BS) is M, the number of antennas at the user is W, and the number of expected data streams of each user is A, and The base station power is equally distributed in each cell.
  • the system model diagram is shown in Figure 2. 1.
  • the user grouping manner of step 1 in the partial interference alignment method is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the users in each cell are divided into 6 user groups according to their area.
  • step 2 the users in each user group jointly process and design their respective receiving matrices R.
  • the cell 1 we take the cell 1 as an example for description.
  • the implementation process of each user group in other cells is similar to the implementation process of each user group in the cell 1.
  • the users in each user group in the cell 1 cooperate with each other to design their respective receiving matrices R, and the users in different user groups do not cooperate.
  • step 3 and step 4 the user in cell 1 processes the channel matrix H between the BS and the BS in the serving cell according to the criterion (7), and feeds back the obtained ⁇ back to its serving BS.
  • the BS in the cell 1 obtains its interference subspace H for the corresponding user group in the adjacent six cells; the BS obtains each interference subspace.
  • FIG. 4 shows the process of user joint processing and partial interference alignment.
  • a cell in cell 1 among its neighboring 6 cells user group [2], [e, 3], [/, 4], [., 5], [6, 6], [ C
  • the strong interference of users in 7] is respectively aligned into 6 different subspaces by different user groups.
  • the original 6K interference directions are aligned into 6 interference subspaces ( Each interference subspace corresponds to a user group in a neighboring cell that is strongly interfered by the cell 1.
  • the T["] is orthogonal to the space formed by the interference information ⁇ and the valid IUI channel, so that the BS in the cell 1 can cancel the other users in the cell when transmitting information to the user when sending information to the user/1.
  • the interference caused by the interference can also eliminate the strong interference to the users in the neighboring cells.
  • the BS in the other cell designs the transmit precoding matrix for each user in the cell, the same principle is followed as the BS in the cell 1.
  • the feedback overhead of the present invention From the perspective, the existing interference alignment schemes in multi-cell and multi-user MIMO systems are analyzed. A partial interference alignment strategy based on user joint processing is proposed. The strategy considers reducing feedback overhead and reducing the number of receiving and transmitting antennas.
  • the precoding system includes: a base station, configured to divide multiple users in the cell into a plurality of user groups, and notify User grouping information, and receiving useful channel information and interference space information of the user feedback in the user group, precoding the user; the user equipment group, including several user equipments, is set to be when the user group is interfered by the neighboring cell, the user The users in the group collaborate to perform interference alignment.
  • the coding system and method have the following beneficial effects: Designing the user's respective receiving matrix to achieve the effect of aligning the interference in the transmitted signal space of the BS; reducing the feedback amount of each user by designing the reduced rank deduplication processing and the feedback mechanism for the complete CSI at each user, thereby The feedback overhead of the system is reduced; the channel information and the interference information obtained by the BS are used to design a transmit precoding matrix for the service user, so as to eliminate the strong interference to users in other cells and the interference between users in the cell; During processing, the interference of a cell to users in other cells is aligned to multiple subspaces and the cells in each cell only eliminate strong interference to users in other cells, reduce the number of transmit antennas at the BS, and the number of receive antennas at the user. Therefore, the hardware complexity of the BS and the user can be reduced.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种干扰对齐的方法,应用于多小区、多用户MIMO系统中,包括:基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组,并通知所述用户分组信息;当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时,用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐。本发明还提供了一种基于干扰对齐的预编码方法和系统。本发明通过用户的分组联合处理,设计用户各自的接收矩阵,使干扰达到在BS的发射信号空间中对齐的效果。

Description

一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法 技术领域 本发明涉及射频领域, 具体地, 涉及一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法。 背景技术 多小区、多用户 MIMO系统指由若干个小区(每个小区内有一个基站(Base Station,
BS)) 和若干个用户 (User Equipment, UE) 组成的系统。 在此系统中 BS和 UE都可 具有多根天线, BS使用相同的频率资源同时服务多个用户。 与单用户 MIM0系统相 比,多用户 MIM0可有效提升系统容量,因而被认为是下一代无线通信关键技术之一, 受到标准化组织, 如 3GPP等的重视。 然而在多小区、 多用户 MIM0系统下行传输中, 当某个 BS (发射端) 向其所在 小区内的用户 (接收端)发送信息时, 由于系统的频率复用因子为 1, 该 BS会对其他 小区中的用户造成干扰, 此干扰为小区间干扰(inter-cell interference, ICI); 同时由于 BS使用相同的频率资源同时服务多个用户,小区内的多个用户间还会存在共信道干扰 (inter-user interference, IUI)。 小区间干扰和小区内用户间干扰的同时存在, 导致系 统性能受到干扰的严重限制, 因此, 有效的干扰抑制技术, 是各研究机构一直努力的 目标。 干扰对齐技术是近年兴起的一种极具潜力的新型干扰抑制方式, 该技术可大幅 提升系统容量。 干扰对齐技术使用自由度 (Degree of freedom, DoF, 又称复用增益) 来评估系统容量, 且评估的准确度随信噪比 (S R) 的增加而提高。 干扰对齐技术的 出现为干扰抑制开辟了新方向, 可应用于配置单天线 /多天线的系统中, 无需终端复杂 的结构设计并且对无需改动现有的网络构架和协议接口,通过利用 TDD系统信道互易 性, 可以在不共享数据的情况下实现小区间干扰抑制。 因此干扰对齐技术受到国内外 各大学术、 研究机构的广泛关注。 干扰对齐的基本思想是在发射端设计预编码矩阵, 将干扰信号限制在特定的接收 信号子空间内, 预留出另一部分无干扰的信号空间用于数据的传输。 然而利用干扰对 齐技术的基础是发射端需要获得全局信道状态信息。在多用户 MIM0系统下行传输中, 用户可通过反馈链路把有用信道以及干扰信道的信道状态信息反馈给服务该用户的 BS, 然后在 BS间通过 X2接口共享信息, 进行数据传输。 在多用户 MIM0系统中使 用干扰对齐技术设计合适的预编码矩阵消除干扰, 也需要各用户向所有 BS 反馈完整 的 CSI, 该 CSI未经任何处理, 所需反馈链路容量载荷较大, 在一定程度上影响系统 的频谱效率。 因此, 若将干扰对齐技术应用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统, 在 BS通 过反馈获得信道状态信息的反馈过程中, 还有很多问题需要解决。 在发射端天线数目为 M、 接收端天线数目为 W的单用户 MIMO系统中, 即对应 每个小区中只有一个用户, 且小区 中的 BS 只为小区 中用户服务 (此时, 小区编 号、 小区内 BS编号, 小区内用户编号都为 z )要通过干扰对齐技术消除干扰并传输有 用信号, 必须满足以下两个准则
(Rj)Hnj i = o i≠j (1) rank({^] f i]]T] ) = d] (2) 其中, 表示从发射端 ^到接收端 的 wxM维信道矩阵(即信道状态信息), dj 为用户 可获得的自由度且 <™«WM), R,表示接收端 的接收消除干扰矩阵, 1;表 示发射端 对应于其服务接收端的发射预编码矩阵。 式 1表示在接收端 处看来, 所有 干扰源的干扰被对齐到同一方向并且被消除, 而干扰被对齐到同一方向需要各发射端 联合设计发射预编码矩阵, 且在设计发射预编码矩阵时应该满足条件:
Figure imgf000004_0001
... = span(njkTk) = ... = span(HjKTK )(j≠ k), span(A)表示由矩阵 A扩展成的空间; 式 2表示需要有足够的维度来传输有用信号获得用户 j期望的自由度。 根据以上分析 得知, 干扰对齐技术中最重要的就是, 发射端需要知道各接收端估计到的信道状态信 息, 也就是信道矩阵 H。 在单用户 MIMO系统的干扰对齐研究中,通过 CSI全局反馈的方式使发射端获得 信道状态信息 (CSIT), 图 1为单用户 MIMO系统的 CSI全局反馈示意图。 反馈过程中假设每个用户在无差错的情况下将自己的信道矩阵 H中的复系数广播 给所有干扰源。 则每个用户需要反馈其信道矩阵中 W *M个元素给所有 ( -1)个干扰 源, 其量级为 (f - l) * W *M, 整个系统的反馈信息量级为 f * (f - l) * W *M, 而且此反馈 数量级仅是在每个发射端只服务一个接收端的情况下计算的,在多小区、多用户 MIMO 系统中, 每个 BS可同时服务多个用户, 那么这种情况下, 反馈数量级会更高。 由此 可以看出, 虽然系统应用干扰对齐技术后, 其可获得的吞吐量增益与用户数目成线性 关系, 但反馈所带来的开销与用户数目的平方 (在多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中, 会 同时受到小区数目、 用户数目以及收发端天线数目的影响) 成线性关系, 因此从全局 的角度上看, 在用户数目很大时, 整个系统为了反馈完整 CSI花费的开销所带来的系 统性能损失甚至有可能超过在吞吐量提升上能够得到的好处。 在多用户 MIMO系统下行传输中, 各用户仅向所有 BS反馈未经过任何处理的信 道状态信息 (CSI), 而且反馈的 CSI中会包含冗余信息, 这导致反馈开销较大。 考虑 到用户反馈的信息不仅包含其服务基站的 CSI, 还包括对其造成干扰的基站的 CSI, 而后者可以通过设计预编码矩阵的方式对其去冗。 本发明拟从用户角度出发, 适当的 对用户进行分组, 建立合适的反馈机制, 降低反馈开销, 从而将干扰对齐技术实际应 用与多小区、多用户 MIMO系统中。综上所述,本发明重点研究多小区、多用户 MIMO 下行传输中基于用户分组反馈机制的干扰对齐技术研究, 其中, 用户分组反馈机制的 确定依赖于用户联合处理策略。期望在多用户 MIMO系统中使用干扰对齐技术使系统 获得最优复用增益的同时, 解决干扰对齐技术中存在的反馈开销、 系统资源利用率问 题。 基于以上问题分析, 本发明拟从用户联合处理的角度出发设计一种 CSI的反馈机 制, 在多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统下行传输中, 提出一种基于用户分组的部分干扰对 齐方案。 利用此方案, 解决干扰对齐技术应用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统下行传输 中时带来的系统反馈开销问题。 发明内容 为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供了一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法, 解决干扰对齐技术应用于多小区、多用户 MIMO系统下行传输中时带来的系统反馈开 销问题。 该技术方案为: 一种干扰对齐的方法, 应用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中, 包括: 基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组信息; 当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐。 较佳地, 所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括: 用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组内所有 用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 较佳地, 所述当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体 包括: 用户判断来自相同邻小区的干扰是否为强干扰, 若是, 则用户组内的用户相互协 作进行干扰对齐。 较佳地, 所述用户组内的用户联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵时, 遵循以下干扰对齐准则: span{(H^a ])H R[1'w]} = ... = span{(H^a ])H R[ ']} = - = span {(Hl^a ])H RlK a ]}
其中, Η 表示来自小区 ^«的对小区 /中用户组 G中用户 的干扰信道, f表示各用 户组中用户数目, H^J^'表示来自小区 的对用户组 中所有用户的被对齐后的等 效干扰信道。 较佳地, 所述基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组时考虑以下因素的一种或多种: 用户所在地理区域、 资源调度、 资源分配。 一种基于干扰对齐的预编码方法, 应用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中, 包括: 基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组信息; 当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐; 所述用户将有用信道信息上报给为其服务的基站, 以及将干扰空间信息上报给所 述干扰的邻小区的基站; 基站根据用户上报的所述有用信道信息和干扰空间信息为用户进行预编码。 较佳地, 所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括: 用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组内所有 用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 较佳地, 所述当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体 包括: 用户判断来自相同邻小区的干扰是否为强干扰, 若是, 则用户组内的用户相互协 作进行干扰对齐。 较佳地, 所述每组内的用户联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵时, 遵循以下干扰对齐准则: " ]f R[w]} =… = " {(tf„ ']f R[ ']} =…
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中, Η 表示来自小区 ^«的对小区 /中用户组 G中用户 的干扰信道, f表示各用 户组中用户数目, H^J^'表示来自小区 的对用户组 中所有用户的被对齐后的等 效干扰信道。 较佳地, 所述基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组时考虑以下因素的一种或多种: 用户所在地理区域、 资源调度、 资源分配。 较佳地, 所述用户上报的有用信道信息为将用户的信道信息进行降秩处理后获得。 一种用户设备, 包括: 协商模块, 设置为与用户组内的其他用户设备协商互通信息; 干扰对齐模块, 设置为在当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 通过所述协商模块与组 内的其他用户相互协作进行干扰对齐。 较佳地, 所述用户设备还包括: 干扰检测模块, 设置为当用户受到邻小区的干扰时, 通知协商模块和干扰对齐模 块与用户组的其他用户协商进行干扰对齐。 较佳地, 所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括: 用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组内所有 用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 一种基站, 包括: 用户分组模块, 设置为将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分 组信息; 用户反馈接收模块, 设置为接收用户组内的用户反馈的有用信道信息以及干扰空 间信息; 预编码模块, 设置为根据所述用户反馈接收模块接收的所述有用信道信息以及干 扰空间信息为用户进行预编码。 一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统, 包括用户设备组和基站, 基站, 设置为将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组信息, 以及接收用户组内的用户反馈的有用信道信息以及干扰空间信息后, 为用户进行预编 码; 用户设备组, 包括若干用户设备, 设置为当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组 内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐, 所述干扰对齐过程中, 用户组之间不协作, 以及将 有用信道信息上报给为其服务的基站, 以及将干扰空间信息上报给所述干扰的邻小区 的基站。 本发明的有益效果为: 1 )通过用户的分组联合处理, 设计用户各自的接收矩阵, 使干扰达到在 BS的发 射信号空间中对齐的效果。
2)通过在各用户处对完全 CSI进行降秩去冗余处理及反馈机制的设计, 降低各用 户的反馈量, 从而降低系统的反馈开销。
3 ) BS处根据反馈得到的信道信息及干扰信息为服务用户设计发射预编码矩阵, 达到消除对其他小区中用户的强干扰和本小区中用户间干扰的目的。 4)通过用户分组联合处理过程中,将某个小区对其他小区中用户的干扰对齐到多 个子空间及各小区中 BS只消除对其他小区中用户的强干扰,降低 BS处发射天线数目 需求和用户处接收天线数目需求, 从而可以降低 BS、 用户的硬件实现复杂度。 附图说明 图 1为单用户 MIMO系统中 (点对点 MIMO) CSI全局反馈示例图。 图 2为本发明实施例的多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统模拟图。 图 3为本发明实施例的多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中各小区中用户分组示例图。 图 4为本发明实施例的部分干扰对齐效果示例图。 图 5为本发明实施例的实施流程示意图。 具体实施方式 方法实施例 本发明的一个实施例中, 提出了基于用户联合处理的部分干扰对齐方案。 为了克 服多小区、 多用户系统场景下现有干扰对齐方案中对基站、 用户处天线数目需求大的 问题, 如图 5所示, 我们首先对各小区用户进行分组。 在本发明中属于同一用户组的 用户联合设计接收矩阵,从而减少各用户反馈 CSI的冗余量, 降低系统反馈开销需求。 同时, 各用户只需向服务该用户的基站反馈经过去冗余处理后的 CSI, 实现了局部反 馈。 考虑到各 BS仅根据去冗后的信道信息无法设计预编码矩阵以达到干扰消除的目 的, 在本实施例中, 部分用户需同时反馈等效干扰信息, 该等效干扰信息通过用户联 合处理得到并可在基站间通过 X2接口共享。 这样, 不同于多小区、 多用户系统现有 干扰对齐方案中, 各用户反馈未经处理的全部信道状态信息, 在本方案中, 用户反馈 经过处理后的有用信道状态信息及等效干扰信息。 由于在本方案的用户联合处理过程 中, 不同用户组对齐的干扰方向不同, 对于某个小区来说, 它对其相邻小区中用户的 若干干扰方向被对齐到几个主要干扰方向上, 因此我们称本发明提出的方案为基于用 户联合处理的部分干扰对齐方案。 在我们考虑的多小区、 多用户 MIMO网络结构下, 假设基站天线数为 M, 用户天 线数为 W,每个用户期望的数据流个数为 A,小区 /中用户 (下文中表示为用户 接收的信号为: ''] =(R["]广 d l I: +n[ ''])
(3)
其中, χ[Μ = 是传输给用户 的信号且满足 Ε
Figure imgf000010_0001
( Plk ]为分配 给用户 的传输功率, 我们假设用户间平均分配功率); = [Sl["].d.... ]T表示小 区 /中 BS传给用户 的数据矢量 (即用户 的传输数据矢量) 且满足功率限制 (即 每个数据流的传输功率相等),其维数为 Axl T[ =[dt .....t^]表示数据矢量 ^]的 线性传输预编码矩阵, 矩阵维数为 MxA; f表示 s[M中数据符号^ '的线性传输矢量 且满足 |t; = l, 矢量维数为 Mxl。, 为第 个基站到用户 的信道, 矩阵维数 为 NxM ; ^ 为用户 处均值为 0, 方差为 σ2 的高斯白噪声矢量。
R ,iT,...,r^]表示用户 的接收解预编码矩阵,维数为 = R
NxA; g[*,']
η[*
为等效噪声, 服从复高斯分布 cw(o,i)。 若要利用干扰对齐技术消除多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中的 IUI与 ICI, 则收、 发端预编码矩阵设计应该满足式 (4):
(Rlk]f H[ '']T[ ""] =0 m≠ l,j e {\,2,...,K}
(R["]) H[ '']T"''] (4)
Figure imgf000010_0002
DoF是衡量高信噪比 (S R) 下衡量多天线系统性能的关键指标之一, 其定义如 式 (5) 所示
CT (SNR) κ
□ lim ^—— =∑∑dll! ]
log(SNR) i=i k=i 其中, C OW^为在给定 SNR下系统的和容量, 且 ow = Hc[w] c[w]为用 k=\ 在干扰对齐的设计准则 (4) 中, 现有多用户 MIMO系统的干扰对齐实现方案, 如最小干扰泄露方案和最大信干噪比方案等, 优先根据未经处理的 CSI设计其发射预 编码矩阵 τ, 以使来自相邻小区的若干干扰在各用户自身的接收信号空间中被对齐到 同一个方向(或子空间), 然后设计各用户的接收矩阵 R消除对齐后的干扰。在这些方 案中, CSI的反馈开销很高。 因此本发明中, 为了降低收 /发端天线数目的需求, 我们 对用户进行分组并进行部分干扰对齐, 然后通过用户联合处理的方式, 优先设计用户 的接收矩阵 R以降低反馈量, 称此方法为基于用户联合处理的部分干扰对齐方案, 具 体如下:
1 )按照一定准则对每个小区中的用户进行分组,用户分组的准则可以根据用户所 在地理区域或结合资源调度、 资源分配等方式对用户进行划分。 用户分组方式及结果 由用户所在小区中的基站告知用户。
2)每个用户组中的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 同一个 用户组中的用户将来自相同邻小区的强干扰对齐到同一干扰子空间中。 用户之间联合 设计它们各自的接收处理矩阵遵循准则为式 (6): R[1'&']} = - .. =
Figure imgf000011_0001
(6) 其中 表示来自小区《的对小区 /中用户组 G (以用户组 [GJ]表示)中用户 的 干扰信道; ^表示各用户组中用户数目; H ;^ 表示来自小区 w的对用户组 中 所有用户的被对齐后的等效干扰信道。 该步骤中, 每个小区中的所有用户无需将来自邻小区的所有干扰对齐到同一干扰 子空间中 (完全对齐),而是每个用户组中的用户通过联合处理, 将来自某个小区的强 干扰对齐到同一个干扰子空间 (部分干扰对齐), 从而可以降低收 /发端天线数目的需 求。
3 )各用户获得自己的接收处理矩阵后, 对自己要反馈给其服务小区中 BS的信道 矩阵 H进行降秩处理, 并将经处理后的信道矩阵反馈给其服务 BS。 对 H的降秩处理准则为:
H = RffH (7) 同时, 我们定义干扰信息 ( interference information ) 为 Y (g)
interference 其中, H为 WxM维的信道矩阵, R为 NxA维的用户接收矩阵, 表示对矩阵 A 进行复共轭转置操作。经过式(7)的处理后, ή为 4χΜ维的矩阵。 由于 <^·«(ΛζΜ), 相比于未经任何处理的信道状态信息 Η, ή的维度降低, 从而可以降低每个用户的反 馈量, 消除用户的反馈量级 d-l)*W*M中 W的影响。 同时每个用户仅向其服务 BS反 馈经去冗余后的 0, 且只需部分用户反馈干扰信息, 这样可以降低系统反馈量级中用 户数目的影响。
4)各用户组通过一定方式将步骤 2) 中对齐后的对应于某个相邻小区的干扰子空 间反馈给相应相邻小区的 BS。 经过步骤 3) 与步骤 4) 的处理, 可以降低系统反馈开 销。
5)每个小区中的 BS根据反馈得到的信道矩阵与等效干扰子空间, 以一定准则为 本小区中用户设计发射预编码矩阵, 从而达到消除小区内用户间干扰和小区间干扰的 目的。 各小区 /中 BS以式 9为准则为本小区内用户设计发射预编码矩阵, 消除本小区内 的用户间干扰, 消除对相邻小区中用户的干扰。
Figure imgf000012_0001
在本发明方法中, BS 处发射天线数 gM、 各用户处接收天线数目^、 各小区中 用户数目 ^、 小区数目£、 各用户期望数据流个数 之间满足关系:
Figure imgf000012_0002
在本方案中, BS 处发射天线数目 M与各用户处接收天线数目 W之间还应该满足 关系为:
W≥「[W- l)*M + ]/ ] (11) 结合式 (10) 与式 (11), 在本方案中, 各用户处接收天线数目应该满足
Figure imgf000012_0003
(12) 式 (10)、 (11)、 (12) 中, 为各用户组中用户数目, 且 Κ'<Κ。 而现有一些干 扰对齐方案中, BS 处发射天线数 gM、 各用户处接收天线数目 W (假设各用户处接 收天线数目相同)、 各小区中用户数目 ^ (假设各小区中用户数目相同)、 小区数目 、 各用户期望数据流个数 之间满足关系: M>[K(L-l) + l]ds
N>[(K-l)(L-l) + l]ds 从式 (13) 中, 可以看出, 各用户处接收天线数目和基站处发射端天线数目随着 小区数目和各小区中用户数目的乘积增加, 当小区数目很多或用户数目比较多时, 天 线数目需求大。 这样, 无论是用户处还是 BS处的硬件实现复杂度都比较高。 通过式 (10) 与式 (13) 的对比, 可以看出本发明提出的方案中, 对 BS处发射 天线数 M、 用户处接收天线数目 W的需求, 和小区数目没有关系。 因而本发明可以 有效降低收、 发端天线数目需求, 从而降低 BS、 用户处的实现复杂度。 本实施例采用 7个小区, 每个小区中有 K个用户来举例说明; 基站 (BS) 处天线 数为 M, 用户处天线数为 W, 每个用户的期望数据流个数为 A, 且每个小区中基站功 率平均分配。 系统模型图为图 2所示。 1. 在本实施例中, 部分干扰对齐方法中步骤 1的用户分组方式如图 3所示。 每个 小区中的用户根据其所在区域被分成 6个用户组, 我们用 表示小区 中的用户组 G, 其中 Ge{fl ,c, e,/}, m e {1,2,3"..,7}。这样对于用户组 [α,Ι]、 [b,l] [c,l]、 [d,l] [e,l] 和 中的用户来说, 对他们造成强干扰的相邻小区分别是小区 2、 小区 3 、 小区 4、 小区 5、 小区 6和小区 7, 其它几个小区中各用户组中用户受到强干扰的分析与小区 1 的分析类似。 每个用户组中的用户联合设计接收矩阵, 对齐他们来自相同相邻小区的 强干扰, 例如用户组 中的所有用户联合设计它们各自的接收矩阵, 以对齐来自小 区 2的干扰, 对于小区 1中所有用户 (六个用户组中用户数目之和) 来说, 只有部分 用户 (用户组 中用户) 将小区 2的干扰对齐, 即本发明中所说的部分干扰对齐。 在本方案中, 我们假设每个用户组中的用户数目相同且都等于 C 这样, 各小区中总 用户数目为 f = 6 '。
2. 按照步骤 2, 各用户组中的用户联合处理, 设计他们各自的接收矩阵 R。 为了 详细说明用户联合处理过程, 我们以小区 1为例进行说明, 其他小区中各用户组的实 施过程与小区 1中各用户组的实施过程类似。 小区 1中各用户组中的用户相互协作联合设计它们各自的接收矩阵 R, 且不同用 户组中的用户间不协作。 我们以 R[ 1]表示用户组 [G,l]中用户 的接收矩阵, R[ "的 设计满足准则: span {(Η^·°·1] fR™\ =f ( 14) 其中(G, )e{(«,2),( 3),(C,4),W,5),(e,6),(/,7)} ; W„ ]表示来自小区《的对用户组 [G,l]中用户 的干扰信道; H J^ 表示来自小区的对用户组 ^ 中所有用户的被 对齐后的有效 ICI信道(等效干扰信息), 其大小为 Mx 。 通过对式 (6) 中包含的矩 阵方程求解, 可以获得用户组 [G,l]中用户 的接收矩阵 R[^], 同时获得!^
3. 在步骤 3与步骤 4中, 小区 1中用户以式(7)为准则对其与服务小区中 BS之 间的信道矩阵 H进行处理, 并将处理后得到的 ή反馈回其服务 BS。 同时小区 1中 BS 获得其对相邻六个小区中相应用户组的干扰子空间 H; BS 获得各干扰子空间
H: [(¾/»),!] 后, 原来在小区 1中 BS处看来对用户组 中 K个用户的 K个方向 (子空 间) 上的干扰, 现在被对齐到一个子空间中。 而其对与其相邻的六个小区中所有用户 的干扰被对齐到 6个主要的方向上。 图 4表示用户联合处理和部分干扰对齐的过程。 图 4中, 小区 1中 BS对其相邻 6个小区中用户(用户组 [ 2]、 [e,3]、 [/,4]、 [。,5]、 [6,6]、 [C,7]中用户) 的强干扰被不同用户组分别对齐到 6个不同的子空间中, 在小区 1中的 BS处看来, 原来的 6K个干扰方向被对齐到 6个干扰子空间中 (每个干扰子空 间对应一个相邻小区中受小区 1强干扰的用户组)。
4. 利用上述步骤获得的干扰信息 Η ^'Α和各用户接收解预编码矩阵 R[M, 在此 步骤中,我们在各小区的 BS处为其服务用户设计发射预编码矩阵 τ。且与现有的消除 全部 ICI的方案不同, 本方案中, 每个小区只消除对其他小区中用户的强干扰, 而其 余相对较弱的干扰不做处理。 还是以小区 1为例进行说明。 小区 1的 BS在为其用户设计发射预编码矩阵 T["]时, 遵循的准则为:
Figure imgf000014_0001
(15) 既 T["]与由干扰信息 Η^^ ^和有效 IUI信道构成的空间正交,这样小区 1内 BS 在给其用户/ 1发送信息时,可以消除给用户 发送信息时对本小区中其他用户造成的干 扰, 也可以消除对其相邻小区中用户的强干扰。 其它小区中 BS 为本小区中各用户设 计发射预编码矩阵时, 与小区 1中 BS遵循相同的原则。 本发明从反馈开销角度出发, 分析了多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中现有干扰对齐 方案存在的问题。 提出一种基于用户联合处理的部分干扰对齐策略。 策略中综合考虑 降低反馈开销与降低对收、 发端天线数目需求两个因素, 使干扰对齐技术能够实际应 用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中, 提升系统性能。 本发明的另一个实施例中, 提供了一种与上述方法实施例相对应的基于干扰对齐 的预编码系统, 包括: 基站, 设置为将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知用户分组信息, 以及 接收用户组内的用户反馈的有用信道信息以及干扰空间信息后, 为用户进行预编码; 用户设备组, 包括若干用户设备, 设置为当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组 内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐, 干扰对齐过程中, 用户组之间不协作, 以及将有用 信道信息上报给为其服务的基站, 以及将干扰空间信息上报给干扰的邻小区的基站。 以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明。所应理解的是, 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已, 并不用于限定本发明的保护范围, 凡在本 发明的精神和原则之内, 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。 工业实用性 如上所述, 本发明实施例提供的一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统和方法具有以下 有益效果: 通过用户的分组联合处理, 设计用户各自的接收矩阵, 使干扰达到在 BS 的发射信号空间中对齐的效果; 通过在各用户处对完全 CSI进行降秩去冗余处理及反 馈机制的设计, 降低各用户的反馈量, 从而降低系统的反馈开销; BS处根据反馈得到 的信道信息及干扰信息为服务用户设计发射预编码矩阵, 达到消除对其他小区中用户 的强干扰和本小区中用户间干扰的目的; 通过用户分组联合处理过程中, 将某个小区 对其他小区中用户的干扰对齐到多个子空间及各小区中 BS只消除对其他小区中用户 的强干扰, 降低 BS处发射天线数目需求和用户处接收天线数目需求, 从而可以降低 BS、 用户的硬件实现复杂度。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种干扰对齐的方法, 应用于多小区、 多用户 MIMO系统中, 包括:
基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组信息; 当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐。 、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中:
所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括:
用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组 内所有用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中:
所述当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对 齐具体包括:
用户判断来自相同邻小区的干扰是否为强干扰, 若是, 则用户组内的用户 相互协作进行干扰对齐。 、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中:
所述用户组内的用户联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵时, 遵循以下干扰对齐 准则:
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中, Η 表示来自小区的对小区 /中用户组 G中用户 A的干扰信道, J 表 示各用户组中用户数目, H 表示来自小区 w的对用户组 中所有用户的 被对齐后的等效干扰信道。 、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中:
所述基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组时考虑以下因素的一种或多 种: 用户所在地理区域、 资源调度、 资源分配。 、 一种基于干扰对齐的预编码方法,应用于多小区、多用户 MIMO系统中,包括: 基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组信息; 当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐; 所述用户将有用信道信息上报给为其服务的基站, 以及将干扰空间信息上 报给所述干扰的邻小区的基站;
基站根据用户上报的所述有用信道信息和干扰空间信息为用户进行预编 码。 、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中: 所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括:
用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组 内所有用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中: 所述当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对 齐具体包括:
用户判断来自相同邻小区的干扰是否为强干扰, 若是, 则用户组内的用户 相互协作进行干扰对齐。 、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中: 所述每组内的用户联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵时, 遵循以下干扰对齐准 则:
Figure imgf000017_0001
=… = span{(^G ])HRiK'GJ]} 其中, Η 表示来自小区 ^«的对小区 /中用户组 G中用户 A的干扰信道, J 表 示各用户组中用户数目, H 表示来自小区 w的对用户组 中所有用户的 被对齐后的等效干扰信道。 0、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中: 所述基站将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组时考虑以下因素的一种或多 种: 用户所在地理区域、 资源调度、 资源分配。 1、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中: 所述用户上报的有用信道信息为将用户的信道信息进行降秩处理后获得。 、 一种用户设备, 包括:
协商模块, 设置为与用户组内的其他用户设备协商互通信息;
干扰对齐模块, 设置为在当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 通过所述协商模 块与组内的其他用户相互协作进行干扰对齐, 所述干扰对齐过程中, 用户组之 间不协作。 、 如权利要求 12所述的用户设备, 其中: 所述用户设备还包括:
干扰检测模块, 设置为当用户受到邻小区的干扰时, 通知协商模块和干扰 对齐模块与用户组的其他用户协商进行干扰对齐。 、 如权利要求 12或 13所述的用户设备, 其中: 所述用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐具体包括:
用户组内的用户依据干扰对齐准则联合设计各自的接收处理矩阵, 使得组 内所有用户将来自相同邻小区的干扰对齐到同一或同几个干扰子空间中。 、 一种基站, 包括:
用户分组模块, 设置为将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述 用户分组信息;
用户反馈接收模块, 设置为接收用户组内的用户反馈的有用信道信息以及 干扰空间信息;
预编码模块, 设置为根据所述用户反馈接收模块接收的所述有用信道信息 以及干扰空间信息为用户进行预编码。 、 一种基于干扰对齐的预编码系统, 包括用户设备组和基站:
基站, 设置为将小区中的多用户划分为若干用户组, 并通知所述用户分组 信息, 以及接收用户组内的用户反馈的有用信道信息以及干扰空间信息后, 为 用户进行预编码;
用户设备组, 包括若干用户设备, 设置为当用户组受到邻小区的干扰时, 用户组内的用户相互协作进行干扰对齐, 所述干扰对齐过程中, 用户组之间不 协作, 以及将有用信道信息上报给为其服务的基站, 以及将干扰空间信息上报 给所述干扰的邻小区的基站。
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