WO2014175434A1

WO2014175434A1 - Environmental testing method and environmental testing device using blowing of artificial snow

Info

Publication number: WO2014175434A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/061724
Authority: WO
Inventors: 遠藤浩司; 関　光雄
Original assignee: 株式会社東洋製作所
Priority date: 2013-04-27
Filing date: 2014-04-25
Publication date: 2014-10-30
Also published as: CN105358922B; CN105358922A; CN105571231B; JPWO2014175434A1; JP5843247B2; CN105571231A

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an environmental testing method and an environmental testing device which use artificial snow and with which testing can be conducted appropriately using the required amount of artificial snow as required, without changing the quality of the ice. [Solution] A method for conducting environmental testing using the blowing of artificial snow, said method characterized by having a step wherein a given number of one or more reamer-type ice-making machines (22), which produce flake-like ice chips, are selected in accordance with the total amount of artificial snow required for use in an environmental test, and each of the selected ice-making machines is prepared so as to be capable of producing ice, before the environmental test, a step wherein ice is produced by the reamer-type ice-making machines that have been prepared, thereby adjusting the amount of ice produced, in accordance with a change in the required amount of artificial snow used in the environmental test, an ice-breaking step wherein the flake-like ice chips produced by the selected reamer-type ice-making machines (22) are broken to form ice particles, and a step wherein artificial snow in the form of the ice particles is used to generate blown snow, with the aforementioned step in which the ice-making machines are prepared so as to be capable of producing ice having a step wherein the reamer-type ice-making machines (22) produce a thin ice layer on a thin ice formation surface of the ice-making machines at the point in time when the environmental test begins, and the aforementioned ice-making step having a step wherein the flake-like ice chips are obtained by applying external force, by means of a reamer (108), to the layer of thin ice formed on the thin ice formation surface.

Description

Environmental test method and environmental test equipment using snowstorm by artificial snow

The present invention relates to an environmental test method and an environmental test apparatus using artificial snow, and more specifically, performs an appropriate test using a necessary amount of artificial snow when necessary without changing ice quality. The present invention relates to an environmental test method and an environmental test apparatus using artificial snow.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an environmental test room has been used for placing a complete model vehicle indoors, setting various natural environments and weather conditions, and collecting and analyzing loads on the vehicle as data.
As an example, we simulate snowstorms with artificial snow in an environmental test room, blow off the snowstorms toward the vehicle, and deal with problems such as problems caused by snow in the engine room and icing problems such as freezing of suspension parts. Things have been done.

For this reason, an environmental test room has a wind tunnel of a space enough for a vehicle to be arranged and blowing a snowstorm toward the vehicle, and a snowstorm generating device.
The snow blowing generator includes, for example, an ice making machine that produces ice pieces, an ice breaker that breaks the produced ice pieces into ice particles of a predetermined particle size, and artificial snow that is simulated by ice particles of a predetermined particle size that are crushed ice And a blowout nozzle that is installed at the tip of the pipe and blows out toward the front of the vehicle.
According to such an environmental test room, it is possible to perform an environmental test simulating natural environment and weather conditions by blowing a snowstorm toward a vehicle in a wind tunnel using a snowstorm generator.

However, the following technical problems are caused by how to prepare for a snowstorm.
First, prior to the environmental test, artificial snow, which is the source of the snowstorm, was previously prepared for the amount used in the environmental test. For example, if ice is stored as ice particles after crushed ice, The ice quality of the snow has changed, and appropriate tests cannot be performed, or the tests themselves cannot be performed in some cases.
More specifically, during storage, the ice particles adhere to each other by sintering, causing the ice particles to agglomerate, making it impossible to simulate an actual snowstorm and resulting in an appropriate test. It may become clogged and difficult to transport. This tendency is particularly noticeable when snowstorm is generated using artificial wet snow.
However, if you want to produce the required amount of artificial snow just before the test, you have to produce artificial snow in the environmental test room. Because it occupies, it is not possible to operate a general-purpose environmental test room efficiently.

Secondly, it is difficult to adjust in real time the required amount of artificial snow that will cause snowstorms during environmental tests.
In particular, ice particles blown out from the blowing nozzle are conveyed toward the vehicle by an air current. By changing the speed of the air current with respect to a stationary vehicle, snowstorm is blown out to the vehicle running at various speeds. The situation is simulated. In this case, changing the airflow speed will naturally change the snowstorm concentration, which is not an appropriate test.In order to keep the snowstorm concentration constant, the blowing amount of the snowstorm is adjusted in real time according to the airflow velocity fluctuation. Need to be changed to
Furthermore, when a snowstorm occurs when a vehicle in front passes over the snow on the road, the concentration distribution of the snowstorm in the height direction of the vehicle is higher as it is closer to the road. , It is necessary to change the concentration distribution of the snowstorm in the height direction of the vehicle, and it is necessary to finely adjust the amount of blowing snowstorm. In addition, the snow environment test is not limited to vehicles, but there are various types of houses such as stationary houses and utility poles. In such cases, the concentration distribution of snowstorms in nature is generally darker as it approaches the ground surface. Even in such a case, it is necessary to change the concentration distribution in the height direction of the snowstorm.

In this regard, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for spraying artificial snow on a ski slope. More specifically, the artificial snow is generated by scraping off the ice generated on the outer peripheral surface of the ice making drum, and the artificial snow is pumped by the compressed air through the conveying pipe and sprayed. However, since it is necessary to spray a large amount of artificial snow at a time, a large amount of ice is made and stored in advance, and artificial snow is not manufactured on the spot when necessary.
On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses an artificial snow making device, in which a hopper is provided below a thin ice piece discharge port of an ice making machine that manufactures flaky thin ice pieces, and the thin ice pieces are placed below the hopper. An ice crusher is installed to produce artificial snow by crushing or crushing, and below the ice crusher, there is an air conveyor that conveys the artificial snow from the ice crusher to the required location such as the slope, and a lot of artificial snow Is required, a plurality of ice making machines and hoppers corresponding to each ice making machine are provided, and thin ice pieces from each hopper are dropped onto a conveyor (for example, a screw conveyor), and collected in one ice breaker. The snow is dropped to form artificial snow, and the artificial snow from the feeder is transported to the slope by an air conveyor and is distributed as appropriate.
However, this artificial snow making device supplies artificial snow to ski slopes, etc., and produces the necessary amount of artificial snow when necessary without changing the ice quality, making it appropriate and efficient. It does not disclose an environmental test method and an environmental test apparatus using artificial snow that can be tested.

On the other hand, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for performing an environmental test on a snow load on a scale model house using powder simulating snow. More specifically, the natural state is obtained by blowing powder simulating snow in the wind tunnel and placing it on the air flow in the wind tunnel from pipes that are spaced apart from each other in the height direction and have different blowing opening areas. It reproduces snowfall and snowstorms close to, and has achieved a snowstorm concentration distribution through structural (opening area) ingenuity. However, in this technology, if natural snow or artificial snow is used, the size of the snowstorm particles must be made very fine due to the scale factor. Therefore, the simulation itself using natural snow or artificial snow is not possible. Even if it is difficult or possible, the adhesion of snowstorm particles becomes noticeable in the pipe, and the pipe is easily blocked, making it difficult to continue the environmental test.

In this regard, the conventionally known reamer type ice making machine includes a substantially cylindrical ice making cylinder having an inner peripheral surface as an ice making surface, and a sprinkler for supplying water forming ice toward the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder, A storage unit disposed below the ice making cylinder for receiving and storing water that has flown without freezing in the ice making cylinder, and a reamer that breaks ice while moving along the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder. A flake-shaped piece of ice is obtained by forming a cylindrical thin ice layer with a thickness of several millimeters on the ice making surface and breaking the thin ice layer formed on the ice making surface by applying an external force due to the revolution of the reamer. In particular, there is a subject matter by adjusting the evaporation temperature of the cooling medium and / or the water temperature and / or the rotation speed of the reamer.

In other words, there is a limit to the amount of ice that can be produced in advance with one reamer-type ice maker, and when using a large amount of artificial snow in an environmental test, a plurality of reamer-type ice maker is naturally necessary. If the manufactured thin ice layer is broken with a reamer and stored in the ice making chamber as ice pieces, it is less likely to cause ice quality changes compared to storing ice as crushed ice particles. The pieces adhere to each other, and before the start of the environmental test, a complicated work of separating the pieces of ice so that the ice can be crushed becomes necessary.
JP-A-11-183002 JP 2003-65644 A JP 2001-83038 A

In view of the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to produce artificial snow of the required amount when necessary without changing the ice quality, and to conduct an appropriate and efficient test. An environmental test method and an environmental test apparatus are provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the environmental test method of the present invention comprises:
In the method of conducting environmental tests using snowstorms with artificial snow,
In each of the selected ice machines, select an arbitrary number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces according to the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests. Ready for ice making by the start of
Adjusting the amount of ice making according to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing by making ice with the prepared reamer type ice maker,
Crushing the flaky ice pieces made by the selected reamer type ice machine into ice particles,
Generating a snowstorm using ice-shaped artificial snow, and
In the reamer type ice maker, the preparation stage to the ice making possible state has a stage of producing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the ice making machine at the time of starting the environmental test,
The ice making step includes a step of obtaining flake-shaped ice pieces by applying an external force to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice forming surface by a reamer.

In order to achieve the above object, the environmental test method of the present invention comprises:
In the method of conducting environmental tests using snowstorms with artificial snow,
Select an arbitrary number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces according to the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests, and start environmental tests on each selected ice machine. By the stage of being ready for ice making,
By making ice with the prepared reamer type ice maker, roughly adjusting the ice making amount according to the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing,
Depending on the difference between the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted amount of ice making in response to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests, the evaporating temperature of the cooling medium and / or Finely adjusting the amount of ice making by adjusting the water temperature and / or reamer rotation speed;
Crushing the flaky ice pieces made by the selected reamer type ice machine into ice particles,
Generating a snowstorm using ice-shaped artificial snow, and
In the plurality of reamer type ice machines, the preparation step to the ice-making ready state has a step of producing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the ice making machine when starting an environmental test,
The ice making step includes a step of obtaining flake-shaped ice pieces by applying an external force to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice forming surface by a reamer.

According to the environmental test method having the above configuration, a plurality of reamer type ice making machines are prepared, and a plurality of flake-shaped ice pieces are manufactured according to the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test immediately before the environmental test. Arbitrary number of ice makers are selected, and the selected reamer type ice maker is prepared for ice making by preparing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the ice maker at the start of the environmental test. In the environmental test, ice making is performed by applying external force to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice forming surface by the prepared reamer type ice maker to obtain flaky ice pieces. In the selected reamer type ice maker, depending on the difference between the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted amount of ice making, in response to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests Medium steam Fine-tune the ice making volume by adjusting the temperature and / or water temperature and / or the reamer rotation speed, and then the flaky ice pieces made by the selected reamer type ice maker are crushed into ice particles, Since snow blizzard is generated using ice-shaped artificial snow, for example, it is not necessary to crush ice pieces made with an ice maker and create and store them in the form of ice particles. On the other hand, by adjusting the ice making amount in real time using the necessary amount of artificial snow through rough adjustment and fine adjustment of the ice making amount by the reamer type ice making machine, Appropriate tests using snowstorms can be performed.
Here, “snow” has a broad meaning that includes both snowflakes in which snowflakes overlap like natural snow and snow particles like artificial snow made of ice particles. "Has a broad meaning which means not only a snowstorm state due to snowfall but also a situation in which such snowflakes or snow particles move due to wind or passing of a car.

The required amount of artificial snow varies linearly with time, and the ice making capacities of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines are preferably the same.
Alternatively, the required amount of artificial snow may change non-linearly over time, and different ice making capacities may be included in each of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines.
The required amount of artificial snow may change nonlinearly with time, and the ice making capacities of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines may be the same, and the capacities may be determined according to the nonlinear changes.
Furthermore, the generation stage of the snowstorm may include a stage of simulating a snowstorm state on the traveling vehicle by blowing off the snowstorm toward the stationary vehicle together with an airflow at a predetermined speed from behind.
Furthermore, it is possible to blow snowstorm from the blowing nozzle installed in front of the vehicle toward the vehicle, to provide a plurality of blowing nozzles at predetermined intervals in the vehicle height direction, and to provide a plurality of blowing snow supply systems. .
In addition, the plurality of reamer type ice making machines may be shared between the plurality of snowstorm supply systems during the environmental test.

Further, in the ice breaking step, it is preferable that ice pieces are crushed into ice grains by passing flake-shaped ice pieces between a pair of ice breaking drums.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the required amount of artificial snow is changed during the environmental test, and the rough adjustment and / or the fine adjustment of the ice making amount is performed accordingly.
In addition, the step of sending the ice produced by the coarse adjustment step and the fine adjustment step of the ice making amount to a specimen for an environmental test,
After the ice breaking step, the ice-shaped artificial snow is moistened by melting in a hot atmosphere while pumping the ice particles;
There may be a step of diffusing in the width direction and / or height direction of the specimen by deflecting the flow of the snowstorm while putting wet snow on the airflow from the back toward the specimen.

Further, the method may further include a step of distributing ice granular snow in the width direction and / or the height direction of the specimen for the environmental test after the ice breaking step and before the wet snow step.
Furthermore, it is preferable to adjust the moisture content of the ice particles by adjusting the temperature in the hot atmosphere.
In addition, the ice breaking speed of the flaky ice pieces may be adjusted according to the ice making speed by the selected reamer type ice making machine, and the air flow speed toward the specimen may be adjusted.
Furthermore, in each of the distributed wet snow, the desired concentration distribution of the snowstorm in the width direction and / or height direction of the specimen can be achieved by adjusting the amount of snowstorm directed to the specimen per unit time. Good.

In order to achieve the above object, an environmental test apparatus according to the present invention includes:
A vehicle is arranged, and has a wind tunnel having a sufficient space to blow a snowstorm toward the vehicle, and a snowstorm generating device;
Each of the snow blowing generators includes a plurality of reamer-type ice makers that produce flaky ice pieces, an ice breaker that breaks the produced flaky ice pieces into ice particles of a predetermined particle size,
A pipe that conveys artificial snow simulated by ice particles of a predetermined particle size that has been crushed into a wind tunnel, a blowing nozzle that is installed at the end of the pipe and blows out toward the front of the vehicle,
Depending on the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing, select any number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces, and respond to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing By making ice with the selected reamer type ice making machine, the ice making amount is roughly adjusted, and the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted ice making amount are compared with the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing. The selected reamer type ice making machine has a control device that finely adjusts the ice making amount by adjusting the evaporation temperature and / or water temperature and / or reamer rotation speed of the cooling medium according to the difference between .

Further, the control device preferably has a table of the required number of ice makers for the total required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test and a change table of the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test.

Embodiments of an environmental test method and an environmental test apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
First, the snow environment test system will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the snow environment test system 10 uses artificial snow composed of ice particles and simulates a snowstorm by placing the artificial snow on an airflow from behind. Thus, it is configured to spray toward the vehicle V, which is a test specimen, and for that purpose, it has a snowstorm supply system 12 and an airflow supply system 14.
In particular, when continuously blowing toward the vehicle V using the required amount of snowstorm with a predetermined snow quality, where the particle size and moisture content of ice particles are the main influencing factors, the entire height of the vehicle V In order to achieve a desired snowstorm concentration distribution in the height direction of the vehicle V in some cases, a group of ice particles used as artificial snow is manufactured immediately before the test under a predetermined temperature and humidity control. And prompt supply is required.

More specifically, the snow environment test system 10 includes a wind tunnel 16 in which the vehicle V to be tested is disposed, a low temperature chamber 18 disposed above the wind tunnel 16, and an ice making chamber disposed above the low temperature chamber 18. 20, an ice making machine 22 is arranged in the ice making chamber 20, and an ice temperature stabilizing conveyor 24, an ice breaker 26, a blower 28, a cooler 30, and artificial snow distribution are arranged in the low temperature chamber 18. A device 34 is disposed, and a wet snow device 32, an artificial snow blowing nozzle 36, and a snow collecting device 38 are disposed in the wind tunnel 16. In general, ice pieces made in the ice making chamber 20 are cooled at low temperature. Artificial snow is manufactured by crushed ice in the chamber 18 and pulverizing into ice, and the artificial snow is pumped toward the wind tunnel 16 to distribute wet artificial snow into the low temperature air current in the wind tunnel 16. It is configured to be put on snowstorm and sprayed toward vehicle V To have.

The wind tunnel 16 is an open type circulation type, a measurement chamber 300 in which a vehicle to be measured is installed (open type), and first to fourth

bent cylinders

302, 304, 306, 308 (bent portions). Are formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. The air flow generated by the blower 25 passes through the second diffusion cylinder 310, the third bending cylinder 306, the fourth bending cylinder 308, the rectifying cylinder 312 (see FIG. 2), and the contracted flow cylinder 314 (see FIG. 2), and the measurement chamber 300. The air flows into the measurement chamber 300 from the blowout port 316 (see FIG. 2), and flows through the first bending cylinder 302 and the second bending cylinder 304 in this order.
The airflow blown by the blower 25 is measured by once reducing the wind speed (dynamic pressure) of the entire airflow and increasing the pressure (static pressure) in the intermediate body portion, and then passing through the contracted flow drum 314. Therefore, an air flow having a necessary and sufficient air volume (wind speed) can be blown out from the blow-out port 316 to the measurement chamber 300.

As a result, as will be described later, the ice particles that are conveyed by air through the ice making process, the ice breaking process, the separation process, and the wet snow process are blown into the measurement chamber 300 by riding on the airflow from the back toward the vehicle. By adjusting the wind speed of the airflow with the blower 25, the traveling vehicle can be simulated while being a stationary vehicle.
Further, in the case of the circulating wind tunnel 16 for a snowstorm test, a snow repair device 38 is separately provided downstream of the vehicle V in order to separate and collect the snow after the test. In order to separate snow by the inertia effect, an area where the airflow is not rectified is provided downstream of the vehicle V.

The snow blowing supply system 12 is provided in three systems. In each system, a snow supply pipe 40 that connects the ice breaker 26 and the blowing nozzle 36 and an air duct 44 that connects the suction port 42 in the wind tunnel 16 and the ice breaker 26 are provided. In the snow supply pipe 40, an artificial snow distribution device 34 and a wet snow device 32 are connected in this order between the ice breaker 26 and the blowing nozzle 36, while the air duct 44 has an inside of the wind tunnel 16. A blower 28 and a cooler 30 are connected between the suction port 42 and the ice breaker 26.
The artificial snow distribution device 34 is installed on the upstream side of the wet snow device 32. If the artificial snow distribution device 34 is installed on the downstream side, the wet snow is sent to the distribution device 34, and the inside of the distribution device 34 This is to prevent clogging due to adhesion.

In each system, the reamer-type ice maker 22 is a so-called reamer-type reamer-type ice maker 22 that produces flaky ice pieces. Depending on the total amount of artificial snow used in the snow environment test, the flaky ice pieces The ice making quantity is selected by selecting an arbitrary number from among the plurality of reamer ice making machines 22 that manufacture the ice, and making ice with the selected reamer ice making machine 22 in accordance with a change in the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test. In each of the selected reamer type ice making machines 22 according to the difference between the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted ice making amount with respect to the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test, A control device (not shown) for finely adjusting the ice making amount by adjusting the evaporation temperature and / or the water temperature and / or the reamer rotation speed is provided. The control device preferably has, as a database, for example, a table of the required number of ice makers for the total required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test and a change table of the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test.
In the reamer-type ice making machine 22, as in the past, if ice is made in advance before the test and ice is crushed into ice particles and stored, the ice quality changes over time, and an accurate test is performed. However, even if the reamer type ice making machine 22 makes the flaky ice pieces with the reamer, the flaky ice pieces stick to each other. Since it is cumbersome to separate the attached ice pieces, preparation for ice making is completed at the time of the test, and it is necessary to have a function that can make ice quickly and continuously during the test. .

Therefore, when cooling the circulating water, which is the material of ice, with a refrigerant, tap water is usually used. By circulating the circulating water at the start of the test, for example, tap water at about 15 ° C. The water is stabilized to 0 ° C to several ° C, and the ice is continuously made while adjusting the peeling cycle according to the reamer rotation speed. ing.
The temperature of water, which is an ice material, can be adjusted by a conventionally known method.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the reamer type ice making machine 22 is a conventionally known type, but a substantially cylindrical ice making cylinder 102 having an inner peripheral surface as an ice making surface, Water is sprinkled and supplied toward the peripheral surface, and the water sprinkling part 104 for forming ice and the ice making cylinder 102 are arranged below the ice making cylinder 102 to receive and store the water flowing down without freezing. A storage unit 106 and a reamer 108 that breaks ice while moving along the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder 102 are provided.

The ice making cylinder 102 is a double-structured substantially cylindrical body having an inner wall excellent in heat transfer and an outer wall that is insulative with respect to the outside, and a refrigerant channel 110 for ice making is built in between the inner wall and the outer wall. The inner peripheral surface of the inner wall that is cooled by the action of the refrigerant is the ice making surface. In the ice making cylinder 102, water sprayed on the cooled inner peripheral surface adheres and freezes, so that, for example, thin ice having a thickness of about 2 mm can be generated.

The refrigerant introduced into the refrigerant flow path 110 of the ice making cylinder 102 is a known medium used in a general refrigeration cycle, and detailed description thereof is omitted. It should be noted that the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant can be adjusted by a conventionally known method such as an evaporation pressure adjusting valve (not shown).

The reamer 108 is formed by integrally attaching a plurality of ice-breaking blades 112 whose blade tips are arranged in a spiral manner around a substantially cylindrical rotating shaft extending in the vertical direction, and supporting a reamer that protrudes from the central shaft 111. It is supported rotatably on the part. The minimum distance between the blade 112 of the reamer 108 and the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder 102 can be set to about 0.4 to 0.5 mm, which is smaller than the ice thickness, for example. As described above, the reamer 108 revolves around the center line of the ice making cylinder 102 and rotates around the central axis 111 while peeling off the thin ice layer formed on the ice making surface. Note that the rotation speed of the reamer 108 by revolving around the revolving shaft 115 by the motor 103 constitutes a flake-like ice piece peeling cycle by the reamer, and this rotation speed can be adjusted by a conventionally known method. .

The blade shape of each blade 112 of the reamer 108 is a simple straight blade shape along a spiral curve, and the contact distance between the blade 112 and ice is adjusted by changing the number of blades 112 in the reamer 108. The size of ice can be changed from granular to massive.

Regarding the ice making operation of the reamer type ice making machine 22, even in a situation where ice is not required in advance, the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder 102 is sufficiently cooled to the extent that water is frozen by supplying the coolant to the coolant channel 110. At the same time, by sprinkling and supplying water to the ice making surface by the water sprinkling unit 104, a cylindrical thin ice layer is formed on the ice making surface. More specifically, preparation for ice making is completed at the time of performing the test, and it is possible to make ice quickly and continuously during the test. When ice is required, the movable part is rotated and water is introduced from the outside into the upper watering part 104. The water flows down along the inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder 102 through each hole of the sprinkler 104. Most of the water in contact with the cooled inner peripheral surface of the ice making cylinder 102 is frozen and becomes attached to the inner peripheral surface as ice. On the other hand, the remaining water that has not been frozen flows down, reaches the lower end of the ice making cylinder 102, and reaches the storage unit 106. The water temporarily stored in the storage unit 106 is returned to the watering unit 104 via a pump, piping, or the like.

As described above, in the reamer type ice making machine 22 according to the present embodiment, the ice making cylinder 102 that is cooled and receives the supply of water to generate ice on the inner peripheral surface moves in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface. The reamer 108 is disposed, and the reamer 108 is used to break the ice on the inner peripheral surface and peel off from the inner peripheral surface. Is possible.

Next, the ice temperature stabilization conveyor 24 forcibly ventilates the flake ice pieces conveyed on the conveyor to increase the amount of heat exchange between the flake ice pieces and the air, thereby increasing the flake ice. The temperature of the piece is kept close to the ambient air temperature of the forced draft.

The ice breaker 26 mainly comprises a rotary feeder (not shown) arranged at the upper part and a pair of ice breaking drums (not shown) arranged at the lower part, and is supplied by the ice temperature stabilizing conveyor 24. The ice pieces are quantified by a rotary feeder and supplied to a pair of ice breaking drums, and the ice pieces are crushed by a pair of ice breaking drums and supplied to the snow supply pipe 40 as ice particles having a predetermined particle diameter.

The artificial snow distribution device 34 is used to distribute the artificial snow conveyed by the snow supply pipe 40 to a plurality of branch pipes (not shown). More specifically, the blowing nozzle 36 at the same level is used for the vehicle. The snow supply pipes 40 in each system are branched into a plurality of branch pipes in the width direction of the vehicle V so that a plurality of the snow supply pipes 40 are provided in the width direction of the vehicle V, and the wet snow device 32 is provided for each branch pipe. A blowing nozzle 36 is provided at the tip of the nozzle.

The artificial snow distribution device 34 includes a rotating body (not shown) in which an upstream end face and a downstream end face are respectively arranged in parallel with a downstream end face of the snow supply pipe 40 and an upstream end face of each of the plurality of branch pipes; A rotation drive unit (not shown) that rotates the rotating body at a predetermined rotation speed about its axial direction, and the rotating body has a pressure feed passage (not shown) penetrating the rotating body in the axial direction inside thereof. ), And the pressure-feed passage is disposed on the upstream end face in a non-contact manner in close proximity to an outflow opening (not shown) provided on the downstream end face of the snow supply pipe 40 (not shown). And a discharge port (not shown) arranged in a non-contact manner in close proximity to an inflow opening (not shown) provided on the upstream end surface of each of the plurality of branch pipes. Equipped with a plurality of branch pipes on the passage trajectory of the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body Inlet openings respectively are provided so as to be located.

The wet snow device 32 has a hot air supply pipe (not shown) communicating with the snow supply pipe 40, and the hot air supply pipe has a predetermined length in the extending direction of the snow supply pipe 40 at the downstream end thereof. A hot air inflow portion (not shown) that forms an annular space that covers the entire outer peripheral surface of the snow supply pipe 40, and the hot air inflow opening (not shown) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the snow supply pipe 40 that is covered by the annular space. )) Are uniformly provided, whereby an aging space (heat exchange aging region) is formed in the snow supply pipe 40 on the downstream side of the portion where the hot air inflow portion of the snow supply pipe 40 is attached. It is designed to be wet and snowy.

Regarding the airflow supply system 14, the wind tunnel 16 is formed in a part of the circulation space, and is configured to blow snowstorm over the vehicle height of the vehicle V in one direction from the front to the rear of the vehicle V. Specifically, an air flow having a predetermined wind speed is generated in one direction from the front to the rear of the vehicle V by the blower 25 installed in the circulation space, and the air flow passes through the vehicle V to a predetermined temperature by the cooler 30. It is cooled and returned to the blower 25 to generate airflow again and repeat this.

With regard to the blowing device, the three blowing nozzles 36 for blowing snow 36 are arranged at a predetermined distance in front of the vehicle V at a predetermined distance in the height direction over the vehicle height of the vehicle V. The concentration of the snowstorm to be supplied can be adjusted for each blowing nozzle 36. A snow collecting device 38 is arranged at a predetermined distance behind the vehicle V, and the snowstorm that has passed through the snow collecting device 38 is blower arranged in the low temperature chamber 18 through the suction port 42 in the wind tunnel 16. 28, cooled by the cooler 30, returned to the ice breaker 26, iced by the reamer type ice making machine 22, supplied to the ice breaker 26 by the ice temperature stabilizing conveyor 24, mixed with the ice particles to be crushed, and again It is used for blowing snow from the blowing nozzle 36 through the snow supply pipe 40. The blowout nozzle 36 is arranged along the direction of airflow, and the blowout port 102 is installed in the zone of the airflow blown from the blower 25.
In this regard, the blowing snow is caused when the snow blown from each blowing nozzle 36 by the air blown by the blower 28 is blown toward the vehicle V on the air flow blown from the blower 25. As long as snow clogging in the tube 40 does not occur, the speed is preferably as low as possible, and the speed of snow blowing is preferably simulated by the airflow blown from the blower 25.
More specifically, when the blizzard is diffused by the diffusion plate 74 (described later) and blown toward the vehicle V, if the pumping speed of the pumped air is high, the speed of the blizzard increases only in the blizzard of the blowing nozzle 36 portion. In addition, while deviating from the natural snowstorm, it is possible to change the speed of the entire diffused snowstorm uniformly by changing the speed of the airflow blown from the blower 25. When simulating the above, it is advantageous to vary the speed of the airflow blown from the blower 25.

As shown in FIG. 1, a diffusion plate 74 is provided in front of each blowing nozzle 36, and the snowstorm blown out from the blowing nozzle 36 on the low temperature airflow from the blower toward the vehicle V is shown in FIG. 3. In this way, it hits the diffusion plate 74 and diffuses outward in all directions, and the three blowing snow blowout nozzles 36 cooperate with each other, so that the snowstorm occurs in the front part of the vehicle V over the height direction of the vehicle V. To be distributed.
In this respect, since the wind tunnel 16 is not a so-called aerodynamic wind tunnel 16 but a simple wind tunnel 16, the distance between the blowing nozzle 36 and the front portion of the vehicle V is about 1 to 3 meters. The snowstorm blown out from the blowout nozzle 36 over a short distance is diffused over the entire height at the front portion of the vehicle V.
A plurality of air outlets 102 are provided at intervals in the height direction so as to cover the entire height of the vehicle V, and the amount of snow blown out from each air outlet 102 can be adjusted independently of each other. According to the height of the vehicle V, the concentration distribution of the snowstorm can be adjusted.

A facing surface 104 is provided on the side of the diffusing plate 74 facing the blowing port 102, and the facing surface 104 is disposed outside the blowing port 102 and at a predetermined position in the forward direction of the airflow. The snowstorm that blows out from the mouth 102 and travels along the airflow traveling direction along the airflow is deflected against the facing surface 104 and diffuses outward in the four directions of the facing surface 104.
The snowstorm is blown out toward a stationary vehicle disposed in the wind tunnel, and is used to perform an environmental test on the stationary vehicle. A distance D between the outlet 102 and the vehicle V is 1 to 3 meters, When the snowstorm reaches the vehicle V, the airflow velocity from the rear of the air outlet 102 and the distance D between the air outlet 102 and the airflow velocity from the rear of the air outlet 102 is adjusted so that the spatial concentration distribution of the snowstorm becomes substantially uniform. The size is determined.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 3, three blowing nozzles 30 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the height direction. For example, in each of the distributed wet snows, the blowing snow toward the specimen per unit time is arranged. By adjusting the amount, the lower nozzle is set so that the concentration of the blowing snow blown out becomes higher, so that if a snowstorm occurs when the vehicle in front passes over the snow on the road Since the concentration distribution of snowstorm in the height direction of the vehicle is higher as it is closer to the road, it is common to simulate this situation, or the concentration distribution of snowstorm in nature is deeper as it is closer to the ground surface Therefore, this situation can be simulated.

The operation of the snow environment test system having the above configuration, including the snow environment test method, will be described below.
The snow environment test method is to distribute the snow blowing supply system in each system while making the flake-shaped ice pieces by the reamer type ice making machine 22, the ice breaking stage to the ice grains by the ice breaker, and feeding the crushed ice grains by pressure. A distribution step of distributing by the device, a moistening step of moistening each of the distributed ice particles by the wet snow device, a step of blowing out the wetted snow particles from the blowing nozzle 36, and a snow blowing by the diffusion plate 74 On the other hand, the airflow supply system includes a step of supplying airflow by a blower to blow snowstorm blown from the blowout nozzles 36 of each system onto the airflow from the back toward the vehicle.

In this case, first of all, the test schedule in the snow environment test system, especially the schedule of ice making required, the concentration distribution of snowstorm in the height direction, and the snow quality of artificial snow (including ice particle size and moisture content) Accordingly, in the reamer type ice making machine 22, the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant, the water temperature, and the rotation speed of the reamer 108 are set (this point will be described in detail below), and in the ice breaker, between the pair of ice breaking drums. In the wet snow device, the hot air temperature, humidity and flow rate are set according to the pressure air flow temperature and flow rate, and in the distribution device, the rotational speed of the rotating body is set. In the diffusion plate 74, the interval from the blowing nozzle 36 is adjusted.

In particular, regarding the ice making stage of the flaky ice pieces by the reamer type ice making machine 22, as shown in FIG. 4, the minimum amount and the maximum amount of ice making amount are clarified according to the number of operating reamer type ice making machines 22, A variable range of the ice making amount according to the number is grasped in advance. On the other hand, it is assumed that an ice making schedule is determined in advance in the snow environment test, and the required ice making amount increases as shown in FIG.
That is, at the beginning of the test (Phase A), it is sufficient to produce two reamer-type ice machines 22, and as the test progresses, two reamer-type ice machines 22 (Phase B) and four reamer-type ice machines 22 are used. Suppose that 5 minutes (Phase C), and finally 5 reamer ice makers 22 (Phase D) are required.

Based on the variable range of the ice making amount according to the number of operating units, considering the ice making schedule, 5 out of 22 reamer type ice making machines possessed by each system are selected in advance. As shown in the figure, at the start of the test, a refrigerant is circulated so that ice can be made by peeling with the reamer 108, and the temperature of the water to be frozen is set to a desired temperature, and then a cylindrical thin ice layer is formed. .
In this case, for example, when hard ice is required according to the ice quality required according to the test conditions, ice may be made by lowering the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant accordingly.

First, in Phase A, at the start of the test, in each system, two reamer-type ice makers 22 produce flaky ice pieces from the ice layer at the reamer 108's reamer rotation speed. In this case, since the required amount is smaller than the maximum ice making amount of the two reamer type ice making machines 22, for example, in one reamer type ice making machine 22, the reamer rotation speed constituting the peeling cycle in the reamer 108 is maximized, In addition to making the maximum amount of ice, the other reamer-type ice maker 22 reduces the number of ice reamers by reducing the reamer rotation speed of the reamer 108, thereby reducing the number of reamer-type ice maker 22 operating units. Along with the control, fine control based on the ice making parameters of the reamer type ice making machine 22 makes it possible to immediately make the ice making amount necessary for the test on the spot when necessary. The flaked ice pieces that have been made into ice are crushed into ice particles by the ice crusher 26, and the ice particles are pumped by an air current through the snow supply pipe 40 and distributed to the plurality of branch pipes 58 by the distribution device 34. Each of the pipes 58 is wetted by the wet snow device 32, and blown out from the blowing nozzle 36 provided at the tip of each branch pipe 58 on the low-temperature airflow behind the blowing nozzle 36, and the blowing snow is diffused by the diffusion plate 74. It is sprayed toward the vehicle and used for various environmental tests. In addition, when controlling the amount of ice making, create a table of the required number of ice makers for the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing and a change table of the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing, for example as a database, Control may be performed.

Next, in Phase B, it is necessary to operate two reamer-type ice makers 22, but compared to Phase A, the amount of reduction from the maximum ice-making quantity of the two reamer-type ice makers 22 increases. Therefore, in the other reamer type ice making machine 22, the amount of ice making is adjusted by further reducing the reamer rotation speed of the reamer 108.

Next, in Phase C, it is necessary to operate four of the reamer type ice making machines 22, but the three reamer type ice making machines 22 are fully operated to produce the maximum amount of ice, and another one In the reamer type ice making machine 22, the amount of ice making is adjusted by reducing the reamer rotation speed of the reamer 108.

Lastly, in Phase D, it is necessary to operate five reamer-type ice makers 22, but four reamer-type ice makers 22 are fully operated to produce the maximum amount of ice and another one. In the reamer type ice making machine 22, the amount of ice making is adjusted by reducing the reamer rotation speed of the reamer 108.
In this case, in each system, flaky ice pieces made from a plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 are mixed and used for an environmental test. In a test where ice quality is important, the ice quality should be as low as possible. It is preferable that the ice making conditions, the water temperature, the refrigerant evaporation temperature, or the reamer rotation speed of the reamer 108 are the same in each reamer type ice making machine 22 so as to be similar.

As described above, when the variation of the ice making amount required in the snow environment test is determined in advance, it is necessary to set the plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 in the ice making preparation state before starting the test accordingly. Then, by using the coarse control based on the number of the reamer type ice making machines 22 and the fine control based on the adjustment of the ice making parameters, for example, the ice quality is denatured due to ice storage in the ice particle state after the ice breaking. On the other hand, it is possible to manufacture a necessary amount of ice making on the spot in real time in a timely manner without making too much ice. Therefore, it contributes to the snow environment test which can acquire highly reliable test data.
In addition, if the required amount of ice making is determined in advance, the required ice making amount may fluctuate in the field depending on the progress of the test. Even in such a case, such rough control is performed. And fine control can be used flexibly.

According to the environmental test method having the above configuration, a plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 are prepared, and a plurality of flaky ice pieces are manufactured immediately before the environmental test according to the required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test. Ice making is possible by selecting an arbitrary number from the ice making machines and producing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the reamer ice making machine 22 at the start of the environmental test in the selected reamer type ice making machine 22. A mode in which flake-shaped ice pieces are obtained by applying an external force by the reamer 108 to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice formation surface by the prepared reamer-type ice making machine 22 during the environmental test. The ice making amount was roughly adjusted by making ice, and the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests was selected according to the difference between the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted ice making amount. Lee In the ice making machine 22, flakes made by the selected reamer ice making machine 22 after finely adjusting the ice making amount by adjusting the evaporation temperature of the cooling medium and / or the water temperature and / or the rotation speed of the reamer 108. Ice pieces are crushed into ice grains, and snowstorms are generated using ice-shaped artificial snow. For example, ice pieces made with an ice machine need to be crushed and stored in the form of ice grains. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the ice quality transformation caused by it, while using the necessary amount of artificial snow when necessary through coarse adjustment and fine adjustment of the ice making amount by the reamer type ice making machine 22. In addition, by adjusting the amount of ice making in real time, it is possible to perform an appropriate test using snowstorm by artificial snow.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but various modifications or changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the present embodiment, the case where the test object is a vehicle and the traveling vehicle is simulated by a stationary vehicle has been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the quality of the artificial snow to be used is important. As long as the amount is large, it is also effective for a test that simulates a snowstorm using a fixed object such as a house or a utility pole as a test object.
In the present embodiment, three blowing nozzles are provided at a predetermined interval in the height direction of the vehicle, and a plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 are prepared for each system. The reamer type ice maker 22 may be shared by three systems, or depending on the test conditions, one blow nozzle is provided in the height direction of the test object, and a plurality of reamer type ice machines 22 are dedicated to this one system. You may install in.
Further, in the present embodiment, three blowing nozzles are provided at a predetermined interval in the height direction of the vehicle, and a plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 are prepared for each system, and the concentration of snow blowing blown from the blowing nozzles However, the present invention is not limited to this, but when changing the concentration of blowing snow in the height direction, three or more blowing nozzles are spaced at predetermined intervals in the height direction. By providing the above-described nozzles that blow out snow, it is possible to select a large number of nozzles, for example, at a height that requires a high concentration, and to select a small number of nozzles at a height that requires a low concentration.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, it has been described that in each system, rough adjustment and fine adjustment of the ice making amount by a plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 are performed in a similar manner, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and in each system, The rough adjustment and fine adjustment of the ice making amount by the plurality of reamer type ice making machines 22 may be performed independently of each other.

1 is a schematic overall view of an environmental test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view showing an internal structure of an ice making machine in an environmental test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the environmental test system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, it is a principle figure which shows the condition of the snowstorm produced in a wind tunnel. It is a graph which shows the rough adjustment of the ice making amount of artificial snow in the environmental test system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the fine adjustment of the ice making amount of artificial snow in the environmental test system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows adjustment of the ice making amount by each ice making machine of FIG.

V Vehicle 10 Snow environment test system 12 Snow blowing supply system 14 Air flow supply system 16 Wind tunnel 18 Low greenhouse 20 Ice making room 22 Ice making machine 24 Ice temperature stabilization conveyor 26 Ice breaker 28 Blower 30 Cooler 32 Wet snow device 34 Distributing device 36 Outlet nozzle 38 Snow Blow Collection Device 40 Snow Supply Pipe 42 Suction Port 44 Air Duct 46 Rotary Feeder 48 Ice Breaker Drum 50 Hot Air Supply Pipe 52 Annular Space 54 Hot Air Inflow Port 56 Inlet Opening 58 Branch Pipe 60 Rotating Body 62 Rotation Drive Unit 64 Pressure Feeding Channel 66 Outlet opening 68 Inlet 70 Outlet 72 Inlet opening 102 Ice making cylinder 104 Sprinkling part 106 Reserving part 108 Reamer 112 Blade 110 Refrigerant flow path 111 Center axis 300 Measurement chamber 302 First bending cylinder 304 Second bending cylinder 306 Third bending cylinder 308 Fourth bending cylinder 310 Second diffusion cylinder 3 12 Rectification drum 314 Reduced flow drum 316 Outlet

Claims

In the method of conducting environmental tests using snowstorms with artificial snow,
In each of the selected ice machines, select an arbitrary number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces according to the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests. Ready for ice making by the start of
Adjusting the amount of ice making according to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing by making ice with the prepared reamer type ice maker,
Crushing the flaky ice pieces made by the selected reamer type ice machine into ice particles,
Generating a snowstorm using ice-shaped artificial snow, and
In the reamer type ice maker, the preparation stage to the ice making possible state has a stage of producing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the ice making machine at the time of starting the environmental test,
The ice making step has a step of obtaining flake-like ice pieces by applying an external force to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice forming surface by a reamer.
In the method of conducting environmental tests using snowstorms with artificial snow,
Select an arbitrary number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces according to the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests, and start environmental tests on each selected ice machine. By the stage of being ready for ice making,
By making ice with the prepared reamer type ice maker, roughly adjusting the ice making amount according to the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing,
Depending on the difference between the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted amount of ice making in response to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental tests, the evaporating temperature of the cooling medium and / or Finely adjusting the amount of ice making by adjusting the water temperature and / or reamer rotation speed;
Crushing the flaky ice pieces made by the selected reamer type ice machine into ice particles,
Generating a snowstorm using ice-shaped artificial snow, and
In the plurality of reamer type ice machines, the preparation step to the ice-making ready state has a step of producing a thin ice layer on the thin ice forming surface of the ice making machine when starting an environmental test,
The ice making step has a step of obtaining flake-like ice pieces by applying an external force to the thin ice layer formed on the thin ice forming surface by a reamer.
The environmental test method according to claim 2, wherein the necessary amount of artificial snow changes linearly with time, and the ice making capacities of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines are the same.
The environmental test method according to claim 2, wherein a necessary amount of artificial snow changes nonlinearly with time, and different ice making capacities of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines are included.
5. The snowstorm generation stage includes a stage of simulating a snowstorm state on a traveling vehicle by blowing the snowstorm toward a stationary vehicle together with an airflow of a predetermined speed from behind. Environmental test method described in 1.
The blowing snow is blown out toward the vehicle from a blowing nozzle installed in front of the vehicle, a plurality of blowing nozzles are provided at predetermined intervals in the height direction of the vehicle, and a plurality of blowing snow supply systems are provided. Environmental testing methods.
The environmental test method according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of reamer-type ice makers are used in common during an environmental test between a plurality of blowing snow supply systems.
The environmental test method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the ice breaking step, flaky ice pieces are passed between a pair of ice breaking drums to break the ice into ice particles.
The environment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the required amount of artificial snow is changed during an environmental test, and the rough adjustment and / or the fine adjustment of the ice making amount is performed accordingly. Test method.
Sending the ice produced by the coarse adjustment step and the fine adjustment step of the ice making amount to a specimen for an environmental test;
After the ice breaking step, the ice-shaped artificial snow is moistened by melting in a hot atmosphere while pumping the ice particles;
The step of diffusing in the width direction and / or the height direction of the specimen by deflecting the flow of the snowstorm while putting wet snow on the airflow from behind toward the specimen is provided. 2. The environmental test method according to 2.
The environmental test method according to claim 10, further comprising a step of distributing ice granular snow in a width direction and / or a height direction of a specimen for an environmental test after the ice breaking stage and before the wet snow stage.
The environmental test method according to claim 10, wherein the moisture content of the ice particles is adjusted by adjusting the temperature in the hot atmosphere.
The environmental test method according to claim 10, wherein the ice breaking speed of the flaky ice pieces is adjusted according to the ice making speed by the selected reamer type ice making machine, and the air flow speed toward the specimen is adjusted.
12. In each of the distributed wet snows, a desired concentration distribution of the snowstorm is achieved in the width direction and / or height direction of the specimen by adjusting the amount of snowstorm directed to the specimen per unit time. Environmental test method described in 1.
A vehicle is arranged, and has a wind tunnel having a sufficient space to blow a snowstorm toward the vehicle, and a snowstorm generating device;
Each of the snow blowing generators includes a plurality of reamer-type ice makers that produce flaky ice pieces, an ice breaker that breaks the produced flaky ice pieces into ice particles of a predetermined particle size,
A pipe that conveys artificial snow simulated by ice particles of a predetermined particle size that has been crushed into a wind tunnel, a blowing nozzle that is installed at the end of the pipe and blows out toward the front of the vehicle,
Depending on the total required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing, select any number of reamer-type ice machines that produce flake-shaped ice pieces, and respond to changes in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing By making ice with the selected reamer type ice making machine, the ice making amount is roughly adjusted, and the required amount of artificial snow and the roughly adjusted ice making amount are compared with the change in the required amount of artificial snow used for environmental testing. And a control device that finely adjusts the amount of ice making by adjusting the evaporation temperature and / or water temperature and / or the reamer rotation speed of the cooling medium in the selected reamer type ice making machine according to the difference of Environmental testing equipment.
The environmental test apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the control device includes a table of a necessary number of ice makers for a total required amount of artificial snow used for an environmental test and a change table of a required amount of artificial snow used for the environmental test.
The required amount of artificial snow changes nonlinearly with time, and the ice making capacity of each of the plurality of reamer type ice making machines is the same, and the capacity is determined according to the nonlinear change. 2. The environmental test method according to 2.