CN113447233B - Adjustable heat source test equipment for building heat supply and accumulated snow coupling experiment - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备，属于建筑雪荷载领域。The invention relates to an adjustable heat source test equipment used for building heat supply and snow accumulation coupling experiments, belonging to the field of building snow loads.
背景技术Background technique
全球极端低温冰雪灾害频发，积雪导致建筑物、构筑物倒塌事故不断增加，建筑结构的抗雪形式十分严峻。以我国为例，据报道统计，2015年11月，我国中部地区普降大雪，多省发生雪致房屋倒塌事故，损坏房屋超千间；2018年1月，中部两场大雪也造成400余间房屋倒塌及1900余间受损。在日本、美国、加拿大及挪威等国，类似事故也时常发生。而在国内外自2008年起发生的近百起雪致工程灾害中，跨度较大的空间结构(网架网壳占25％，空间桁架占18％)、钢悬挑结构与轻钢结构等对雪荷载敏感的结构类型居多。大跨空间结构具有屋面结构轻，屋面面积大，雪荷载占总荷载比例大的特点，其设计往往由雪荷载控制，属于对雪荷载敏感的结构。另一方面，大跨空间结构多应用于体育场馆、机场航站楼和火车站站房等人员十分密集、影响十分重大的公共建筑，因此，大跨空间结构的雪致工程灾害后果往往十分严重，正确掌握其屋面雪荷载的设计方法意义尤为重大。Extreme low temperature ice and snow disasters occur frequently in the world, and snow accumulation causes building and structure collapse accidents to increase continuously, and the snow resistance form of building structures is very severe. Taking my country as an example, according to reports and statistics, in November 2015, heavy snow fell in the central part of my country, and snow-induced house collapse accidents occurred in many provinces, damaging more than 1,000 houses; in January 2018, two heavy snowfalls in the central Houses collapsed and more than 1,900 rooms were damaged. In countries such as Japan, the United States, Canada, and Norway, similar accidents often occur. In the nearly one hundred snow-induced engineering disasters at home and abroad since 2008, the space structures with large spans (25% of grid shells and 18% of space trusses), steel cantilever structures and light steel structures, etc. Most of the structure types are sensitive to snow loads. The long-span space structure has the characteristics of light roof structure, large roof area, and a large proportion of snow load to the total load. Its design is often controlled by snow load, and it is a structure sensitive to snow load. On the other hand, large-span spatial structures are mostly used in public buildings such as stadiums, airport terminals, and railway station buildings where people are densely populated and have significant impacts. Therefore, the consequences of snow-induced engineering disasters in large-span spatial structures are often very serious , it is of great significance to correctly grasp the design method of its roof snow load.
大量灾后调查结果表明：对屋面积雪的堆积机理与变化规律认识不清，特别是对风、雨、热等环境因素影响下屋面积雪的堆积-消融-结晶-堆积演变全过程机理的认识几乎为空白成为导致灾害的最根本原因。因此只有全面掌握了屋面积雪堆积的机理，才能对屋面雪荷载形成全面认识，并进行正确设计，从源头上保证结构的安全与可靠。目前雪荷载研究有三种方法，分别是现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟。现场实测由于受气候和测量条件的限制，工作进展缓慢，基础数据十分匮乏。数值模拟虽然耗资少，设计周期短，但是缺乏实测以及实验数据的支持，并且缺乏一个统一的标准。目前来讲，风洞试验是中外学者研究雪荷载的主要手段，但应用现存的风洞(传统风洞、法国JV气象风洞、日本新庄CES风洞以及哈工大风雪联合试验系统等)进行试验时，存在一些对屋面积雪机理模拟，尤其是对建筑室内供暖系统对屋面积雪影响的模拟不全面的问题。此类问题从根源上为大跨空间结构屋面雪荷载的研究造成影响，因此亟需开发一种可用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的新型试验设备，为其研究提供可靠的数据支持。A large number of post-disaster survey results show that the accumulation mechanism and change law of roof snow are not clear, especially the understanding of the whole process mechanism of roof snow accumulation-ablation-crystallization-accumulation evolution under the influence of wind, rain, heat and other environmental factors Almost blank has become the most fundamental cause of the disaster. Therefore, only by fully grasping the mechanism of snow accumulation on the roof can we form a comprehensive understanding of the snow load on the roof and carry out correct design to ensure the safety and reliability of the structure from the source. At present, there are three methods for snow load research, namely field measurement, wind tunnel test and numerical simulation. Due to the limitation of climate and measurement conditions, the field measurement progressed slowly and the basic data were very scarce. Although numerical simulation costs less and has a short design cycle, it lacks the support of actual measurement and experimental data, and lacks a unified standard. At present, the wind tunnel test is the main means for Chinese and foreign scholars to study snow load, but the existing wind tunnel (traditional wind tunnel, French JV meteorological wind tunnel, Shinzhuang CES wind tunnel in Japan, Harbin Institute of Technology wind and snow joint test system, etc.) However, there are some problems in the simulation of the mechanism of roof snow accumulation, especially the simulation of the influence of building indoor heating system on roof snow accumulation. Such problems have fundamentally affected the research on snow loads on roofs of long-span spatial structures. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of test equipment that can be used for coupled experiments of building heating and snow accumulation to provide reliable data support for its research.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备，以解决现有风洞对建筑室内供暖系统对屋面积雪影响的模拟不全面的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to propose an adjustable heat source test equipment for building heating and snow coupling experiments to solve the problem of incomplete simulation of the influence of building indoor heating systems on roof snow in existing wind tunnels.
一种用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备，可调节热源试验设备包括伺服监测系统和主控系统，主控系统和伺服监测系统双向连接，其中，An adjustable heat source test equipment for building heating and snow coupling experiments, the adjustable heat source test equipment includes a servo monitoring system and a main control system, the main control system and the servo monitoring system are bidirectionally connected, wherein,
主控系统，用于实时接收伺服监测系统的温度监测数据，并对伺服监测系统下达加热指令；The main control system is used to receive the temperature monitoring data of the servo monitoring system in real time, and issue heating instructions to the servo monitoring system;
伺服监测系统，用于实时向主控系统发送温度监测数据，并接收主控系统的命令对模拟建筑进行加热。The servo monitoring system is used to send temperature monitoring data to the main control system in real time, and receive commands from the main control system to heat the simulated building.
进一步的，伺服监测系统包括转盘、温度传感器和加热器，转盘中部上下贯通，温度传感器和加热器均安装在转盘的中心处。Further, the servo monitoring system includes a turntable, a temperature sensor and a heater, the middle part of the turntable runs through up and down, and the temperature sensor and heater are installed at the center of the turntable.
进一步的，转盘包括上回转台面、下回转台面和回转支承，上回转台面和下回转台面通过螺钉分别固定连接于回转支承的上端和下端上，下回转台面设置有齿条。Further, the turntable includes an upper revolving table, a lower revolving table and a slewing support, the upper revolving table and the lower revolving table are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the revolving support by screws, and the lower revolving table is provided with a rack.
进一步的，转盘还包括驱动机构，驱动机构受主控系统控制，包括电机、大齿轮和小齿轮，电机的转子固定连接小齿轮，小齿轮与大齿轮啮合连接，大齿轮和下回转台面啮合连接。Further, the turntable also includes a driving mechanism, which is controlled by the main control system, including a motor, a large gear and a pinion, the rotor of the motor is fixedly connected to the pinion, the pinion is meshed with the large gear, and the large gear is meshed with the lower rotary table .
进一步的，上回转台面和下回转台面的直径均为1.5m。Further, the diameters of the upper revolving platform and the lower revolving platform are both 1.5m.
本发明的有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1、该试验设备充分考虑了由建筑采暖这一热源所导致融雪、再结晶过程。为大跨空间结构屋面积雪堆积-消融-结晶-堆积演变全过程模拟研究的问题提供重要了支持。1. The test equipment fully considers the process of snow melting and recrystallization caused by the heat source of building heating. It provides important support for the simulation research of the whole process of snow accumulation-ablation-crystallization-accumulation evolution on the roof of long-span spatial structures.
2、通过对试件加热装置以及转盘的调节，控制热源的强度大小，使得实验结果更加接近真实的融雪过程。2. Through the adjustment of the test piece heating device and the turntable, the intensity of the heat source is controlled, so that the experimental results are closer to the real snow melting process.
3、利用高精度多任务监测与控制系统实时测量建筑内部及表面的温度，实现对系统的远程控制及参数监视功能，避免意外情况发生，及时排除故障。3. Use the high-precision multi-task monitoring and control system to measure the temperature inside and on the surface of the building in real time, realize the remote control and parameter monitoring functions of the system, avoid accidents, and troubleshoot in time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为带有本发明的用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备的风洞整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wind tunnel with the adjustable heat source test equipment for building heating and snow coupling experiments of the present invention;
图2为本发明的一种建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备的系统示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of an adjustable heat source test device for a building heating and snow coupling experiment;
图3为转盘的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the turntable.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
参照图2所示，本发明提出了一种用于建筑供热与积雪耦合实验的可调节热源试验设备，可调节热源试验设备包括伺服监测系统和主控系统，主控系统和伺服监测系统双向连接，其中，Referring to Fig. 2, the present invention proposes an adjustable heat source test equipment for building heating and snow coupling experiments, the adjustable heat source test equipment includes a servo monitoring system and a main control system, the main control system and a servo monitoring system Bi-directional connection, where,
主控系统，用于实时接收伺服监测系统的温度监测数据，并对伺服监测系统下达加热指令；The main control system is used to receive the temperature monitoring data of the servo monitoring system in real time, and issue heating instructions to the servo monitoring system;
伺服监测系统，用于实时向主控系统发送温度监测数据，并接收主控系统的命令对模拟建筑进行加热。The servo monitoring system is used to send temperature monitoring data to the main control system in real time, and receive commands from the main control system to heat the simulated building.
进一步的，参照图1、图3所示，伺服监测系统包括转盘、温度传感器和加热器，转盘中部上下贯通，温度传感器和加热器均安装在转盘的中心处。Further, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the servo monitoring system includes a turntable, a temperature sensor and a heater.
具体的，加热器的热功率：500～1200W/m2，均匀且连续可调；转盘直径1.5m。Specifically, the heating power of the heater: 500-1200W/m 2 , uniform and continuously adjustable; the diameter of the turntable is 1.5m.
进一步的，参照图1、图3所示，转盘包括上回转台面、下回转台面和回转支承，上回转台面和下回转台面通过螺钉分别固定连接于回转支承的上端和下端上，下回转台面设置有齿条。Further, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the turntable includes an upper revolving table, a lower revolving table and a slewing support, and the upper revolving table and the lower revolving table are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the slewing support respectively by screws, and the lower revolving table is set There are racks.
进一步的，参照图1、图3所示，转盘还包括驱动机构，驱动机构受主控系统控制，包括电机、大齿轮和小齿轮，电机的转子固定连接小齿轮，小齿轮与大齿轮啮合连接，大齿轮和下回转台面啮合连接。Further, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the turntable also includes a driving mechanism, which is controlled by the main control system and includes a motor, a large gear and a pinion, the rotor of the motor is fixedly connected to the pinion, and the pinion is meshed with the large gear , the meshing connection between the large gear and the lower rotary table.
进一步的，上回转台面和下回转台面的直径均为1.5m。Further, the diameters of the upper revolving platform and the lower revolving platform are both 1.5m.
具体的，建筑物供热模拟系统中，在模型转盘下部，设置供热装置，为模型内部进行加热处理，模拟实际建筑供暖装置。试验段主要为转盘装置构成，由直径1.5m转盘、上下回转台面、回转支承、转盘驱动装置组成。1.5m直径的圆盘采用扇形拼接结构形式，通过连接螺钉固定于上回转台面上；上回转台面采用钢板焊接而成，与回转支承之间通过直口进行定位，并用螺钉与回转支承的外环进行连接，由电机驱动装置驱动小齿轮转动，在通过小齿轮与大齿轮的啮合带动壁面转盘转动。转盘中间预留空间，放置电加热装置，对试验件进行加热。Specifically, in the building heating simulation system, a heating device is installed at the lower part of the model turntable to heat the inside of the model to simulate the actual building heating device. The test section is mainly composed of a turntable device, which is composed of a 1.5m diameter turntable, an upper and lower rotary table, a slewing support, and a turntable drive device. The disc with a diameter of 1.5m adopts a fan-shaped splicing structure and is fixed on the upper slewing table by connecting screws; the upper slewing table is welded by steel plates, and is positioned with the slewing support through a straight hole, and the outer ring of the slewing support is connected with the screw. Connected, the motor drive device drives the pinion to rotate, and the wall turntable is driven to rotate through the meshing of the pinion and the large gear. A space is reserved in the middle of the turntable, and an electric heating device is placed to heat the test piece.
以上实施示例只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above implementation examples are only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made in the specific implementation and application range. These improvements And retouching should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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