WO2014173228A1

WO2014173228A1 - Adaptive measuring device and measuring method for water temperature of reservoir

Info

Publication number: WO2014173228A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/074962
Authority: WO
Inventors: 戴会超; 蒋定国; 刘伟; 别玉静
Original assignee: 中国长江三峡集团公司
Priority date: 2013-04-24
Filing date: 2014-04-09
Publication date: 2014-10-30
Also published as: CN103245433A; CN103245433B

Abstract

An adaptive measuring device for the water temperature of a reservoir, comprising: a probe (15), a fixed pulley (14), a lifting control device (12), a control system (1) and a data transmission line (13), wherein one end of the data transmission line (13), after twining the lifting control device (12), is connected to the control system (1), and the other end thereof is connected to the probe (15) through the fixed pulley (14) fixed above the reservoir. A microprocessor (2) in the control system (1) performs calculation according to input parameters, a selected measurement mode and data transferred back, and issues an instruction to make the lifting control device (12) act, thereby enabling the length of the data transmission line (13) entering the reservoir to change so as control the lifting of the probe (15) for measuring. Also provided is an adaptive measuring method for the water temperature of a reservoir. The provided adaptive measuring device and measuring method for the water temperature of a reservoir can realize efficient, rapid and accurate measurement of the water temperature of the reservoir, and capture the change of a thermocline well.

Description

Adaptive measuring device and measuring method for reservoir water temperature

The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering, and relates to an adaptive measuring device and a measuring method for a reservoir water temperature. Background technique

After the reservoir is completed, the water flow rate in the reservoir area will decrease, the water body replacement cycle will increase, and the heat transport process of the water body will change greatly, which will form its unique water temperature structure. For example, reservoir water temperature stratification may directly lead to water stratification and ecological stratification in the reservoir area, and water quality and ecological balance for farmland irrigation, industrial water supply, domestic water, downstream rivers, and water use in the reservoir area (culture, recreation). All aspects have important implications. Water temperature is an extremely important factor in the water environment, an important parameter affecting the water quality of the reservoir, and an important water quality parameter for evaluating the impact of the reservoir on the downstream water ecological environment. Therefore, the vertical distribution of the water temperature in the deep water reservoir and its impact on the downstream river ecosystem are highly affected. The attention of engineering developers and researchers.

On-site monitoring is undoubtedly the main means to understand the water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and has been widely used in the current investigation and research. Among them, the point thermometer has been widely used in the on-site monitoring of water temperature because of its convenient use and low cost. When the current method is used for measurement, it usually refers to the measurement standard of surface water quality, and the interval between the water surface and the underwater measurement point increases gradually, that is, the distance from the water surface to the underwater measurement point is changed from 2m to 20m. This method can better capture the change trend of surface water temperature in the surface layer because of many measurement points. However, because the thermocline or temperature change layer of the deep water reservoir is often below 20m under water or even deeper, this measurement method cannot capture well. The change in water temperature at a large water depth. However, the location of the thermocline or temperature-changing layer of the Shenshui Reservoir is the most concerned part of on-site monitoring. It is also the focus of the study on the vertical distribution of water temperature in the deep-water reservoir. Therefore, the equidistant spacing method is usually used to capture the water temperature in the deep water. Variety. However, due to the position of the thermocline or the temperature change layer, the encrypted measurement points are not necessarily in the region where the thermocline or the temperature change layer appears, so the waste of human and material resources is often caused. At the same time, the point thermometer can only be manually sampled and measured at each point, which is time consuming and laborious. Some research institutes use the Hydrolab DS5 multi-parameter water quality tester produced in the United States to measure the water temperature. However, this instrument must be placed in a fixed section for a long time, which may cause damage to the instrument. At the same time, the measurement range is limited and the cost is high. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a low cost. , saving both manpower and resources The water temperature measuring device and method for reducing the number of measuring points and better capturing the water temperature change trend of the deep water reservoir.

The information disclosed in the Background of the Invention is only intended to provide an understanding of the general background of the invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any form. Summary of the invention

The invention aims to solve the shortcomings of the prior art for measuring the vertical water temperature distribution of the deep water reservoir, and provides a measuring device and a measuring method which can reduce the number of measuring points and better capture the changing trend of the water temperature of the deep water reservoir.

According to an aspect of the invention, an adaptive measuring device for a water temperature of a reservoir is provided, the device comprising a probe, a fixed pulley, a lifting control device, a control system and a data transmission line, wherein the probe is provided with a water level gauge and a measuring device for measuring the water level a point thermometer for water temperature; the fixed pulley is fixed above the reservoir, the probe is placed into the reservoir via the fixed pulley; the lifting control device operates according to the received command; the control system sends an instruction to the The lifting control device is configured to operate, the control system includes a microprocessor, and a timer, a display screen, a parameter input module, an information input module, an information output module, and an information storage module connected to the microprocessor, wherein The display screen is used to prompt a parameter to be input, input parameters through the parameter input module and select a measurement mode, and the input data is stored in the information storage module, and the timer is used to perform time interval measurement on the probe. Timing, the command issued by the microprocessor passes the The output module is transmitted to the lifting device, and the measured data enters the control system through the information input module; the data transmission line is connected to the control system after being wound around the lifting control device at one end, and the other end is connected via the a fixed pulley connected to the probe, the data transmission line controlling the position and depth of the probe by using the position of the fixed pulley and the length of the data transmission line entering the reservoir, and the data transmission line transmits the measured data Returning to the control system, wherein the microprocessor of the control system performs calculation according to the input parameter, the selected measurement mode, and the transmitted data, and issues an instruction to cause the lifting control device to generate an action The length of the reservoir passing through the data transmission line of the fixed pulley on the lifting control device changes to control the rise and fall of the probe for measurement. Optionally, the number of the probes is one or more, and the number of the fixed pulleys, the lifting control device, and the data transmission line are equal to the number of the probes, and are used together, wherein each of the data is used. One end of the transmission line is connected to the control system after being wound around the corresponding lifting control device, and the other end is connected to the corresponding probe via the corresponding fixed pulley.

According to an aspect of the invention, an adaptive measurement method for a reservoir water temperature is provided, comprising the following steps:

1) according to the prompt of the display screen, inputting the measurement required parameters through the parameter input module, including: the number of the probes n, the measurement accuracy of the point thermometer as the measuring instrument a, the initial measurement interval LS, and the setting a predetermined temperature gradient control value G, a maximum value k of a ratio of an absolute value of a difference between the set measurement point temperature gradient and an adjacent point temperature gradient to a temperature gradient of the measurement point, and a total water depth HZ, the microprocessor Determining a corresponding control interval L=a/0.05=20a according to the input measurement accuracy a, and selecting a measurement mode by the parameter input module;

2) issuing, by the control system, an instruction to cause the lifting control device to generate an action, and inserting the probe into the reservoir via the fixed transmission pulley fixed above the reservoir through the data transmission line, the microprocessor according to The data transmitted from the data transmission line determines whether the water depth H of the insertion point is less than 10 m. When the water depth H is not less than 10 m, the control system controls the probe to start from a depth of 10 m, and controls the probe to hang along the reservoir. Measure a point to the interval nxLS until the bottom of the library;

3) the microprocessor determines, according to the measured data transmitted back, whether the spacing between two adjacent measurement points is less than 2 times the control spacing L;

4) If the distance between adjacent two measuring points is not less than 2 times the control spacing L, the microprocessor sorts the water level of the measured points, and uses the post-insertion method to calculate the temperature gradient of each measuring point to determine the temperature of the measuring point. Whether the gradient is greater than G;

5) If the temperature gradient of the measurement point is greater than G, the microprocessor calculates a ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point to the temperature gradient of the measurement point, and determines whether the ratio is Greater than k;

6) if the ratio is greater than k, the control system sends an instruction to the lifting control device to operate, and the probe controls the probe to supplement the measured water temperature at the midpoint of the point and the adjacent point through the data transmission line; 7) Repeat steps 3) to 6) until the microprocessor determines that the water temperature of all measurement points satisfies the absolute value of the temperature gradient not greater than the set value G, or the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point The ratio of the absolute value of the difference to the temperature gradient of the measuring point is not greater than the set value k, or the distance between the measuring points is not more than 2 times the control spacing L;

8) The microprocessor arranges the water temperatures of all the measuring points according to the water depth, and performs spline interpolation to obtain the vertical distribution of the water temperature of the reservoir.

Optionally, when the measurement is started in step 3), the timer is started, the water temperature and the water depth are measured by the point thermometer and the water level gauge being separated by 10s, and the measured data is transmitted to the micro The processor, the microprocessor determines according to the data, and stores the last measurement result when the water temperature measured by three consecutive measurements differs by less than 10%.

Optionally, in step 3), when the microprocessor determines that the distance between the measurement points is not more than 2 times the control interval L, or in step 4), it is determined that the water temperature of the measurement point satisfies the absolute temperature gradient. If the value is not greater than G, or in step 5), it is judged that the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point and the temperature gradient of the measurement point is not greater than k, Step 8).

According to an aspect of the invention, when the number n of the probes input is greater than 1, in the step 2) the control system sends an instruction to the lifting control device associated with the probe, via the matching The pulley places the probe into the reservoir, the vertical spacing of two adjacent probes is LS and is not coincident in the vertical direction, and the microprocessor calculates N=int((HZ-10)/LS a value of +l, if N/n is an integer, the control system controls each of the probe intervals nxLS to measure the water temperature until the bottom of the library; if N/n is not an integer, calculate m=mod(N/n) The value of the last set of measurements, only need to lower the m+1 below the probe, where m measures the temperature of the LS integer multiple of the water depth, one measures the bottom temperature.

According to an aspect of the invention, when the number n of the probes input is greater than 1, during the measurement of step 6), the microprocessor calculates according to the position of each of the probes transmitted back, and selects a distance. The probe closest to the measurement point moves to the point to be measured for measurement, and if two probes are at the same distance from the point to be measured, the probe that selects a smaller water point moves to the point to be measured. After measurement, and after the measured water temperature is obtained, the water temperature is stored in accordance with the probe order.

According to an aspect of the invention, the measurement mode comprises equal spacing measurement, spacing Incremental measurement and adaptive measurement.

According to one aspect of the invention, measurements are made using conventional equidistance methods for points having a water depth of less than 10 m.

Optionally, the control pitch determined in step 1) according to the measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer is L=a/0.05=20a.

Optionally, the measurement points are screened according to the standard of the presence of the thermocline in the ocean deep water to avoid omission.

The adaptive measuring device for the reservoir water temperature proposed by the invention can effectively and quickly and accurately measure the water temperature of the reservoir of any section by using the control system to the probe and the device matched thereto, and can realize automatic measurement without manual operation after the setting is completed. , saving manpower and material resources. And the measuring device can simultaneously measure with multiple probes and their associated devices, saving time. At the same time, the measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, low cost and suitable promotion. And by comparing with the conventional measurement method, the adaptive measurement method of the reservoir water temperature proposed by the present invention is obviously superior to the conventional measurement method in the change and capture of the thermocline, and the number of measurement points is also less than the conventional measurement method. DRAWINGS

Other features and advantages of the device of the present invention will become apparent or more particularly apparent from the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the relationship between water temperature and depth when the water temperature is greater than 4 °C.

Figure 2 shows the relationship between water temperature and depth as the water temperature is less than 4 °C.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an adaptive measuring device for reservoir water temperature with a probe according to the present invention.

Figure 4 shows the actual water temperature distribution of a typical large reservoir.

Figure 5 is a flow chart of an adaptive measurement method for reservoir water temperature with a probe in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the measurement process of the measurement method in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of a water temperature distribution obtained by a measuring method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and an actual water temperature distribution.

8 is a measurement method and a pitch increment method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a flow chart of an adaptive measurement method for reservoir water temperature with multiple probes in accordance with the present invention.

Description of the reference signs:

1 control system

2 microprocessor

3 information input module

4 information output module

5 information storage module

6 timer

7 display

8 parameter input module

9 power and signal transmission line interface

10 function indicators

11 lifting control unit base

12 lifting control device

13 data transmission line

14 fixed pulley

15 probe

16 point thermometer

17 water level gauge.

It should be understood that the appended drawings are not a The specific design features of the invention disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, positions and shapes, will be determined in part by the particular application and application.

In the figures, the reference numerals refer to the same or equivalent parts of the invention. detailed description

Numerous specific details are set forth in the description below in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, the art A person skilled in the art can make a similar promotion without departing from the spirit of the invention, and thus the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

A large number of on-site monitoring data show that in the deep water reservoir, the water temperature distribution of the reservoir with thermocline is more complicated, and the typical water temperature distribution is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 shows the relationship between water temperature and depth when the water temperature is greater than 4 °C. Figure 2 shows the relationship between water temperature and depth when the water temperature is less than 4 °C.

According to the on-site monitoring data of the water temperature of several reservoirs such as Nuozhadu, Xin'anjiang and Ertan, the water bodies with water depths below 10 to 15 mm are usually mixed evenly, the water temperature is not much different, only the temperature is greatly affected, and the water temperature is unstable. The surface water body is prone to large temperature gradients, but has no effect on the water temperature structure of the reservoir. When the thermocline appears in the reservoir, the thickness of the thermocline is about 20m, and the rate of change of water temperature in the vertical direction can reach above 0.4 °C/m. (In marine science, the existence of the thermocline in the deep water of the ocean is defined as Vertical temperature gradient is greater than

0.05 ° C / m), indicating that the water temperature changes greatly at the thermocline.

According to an aspect of the invention, an adaptive measuring device for reservoir water temperature is proposed, and Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an adaptive measuring device for a reservoir water temperature with a probe according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the measuring device comprises a probe 15, a fixed pulley 14, a lifting control device 12, a data transmission line 13, and a control system 1, wherein one end of the data transmission line 13 is wound around the lifting control device 12 and connected to the control system 1, and One end is connected to the probe 15 via a fixed pulley 14 fixed above the reservoir.

The probe 15 is equipped with a point thermometer 16 and a water level gauge 17, which measures the water level at the measuring point and the water temperature.

The fixed pulley 14 is fixed above the reservoir, and the probe 15 is placed in the reservoir via the fixed pulley 14. The elevation control device 12 operates in accordance with an instruction received from the control system 1, and controls the rise and fall of the probe 15 by changing the length of the data transmission line 13 wound thereon and passing through the fixed pulley 14.

The control system 1 includes a microprocessor 2, and a timer 6 connected to the microprocessor 2, a display screen 7, a parameter input module 8, an information input module 3, an information output module 4, and an information storage module 5, wherein the measurement starts Previously, the display 7 prompts the parameters to be input, inputs the parameters required for the measurement through the parameter input module 8 and selects the measurement mode, the input data is stored in the information storage module 5; at the beginning of the measurement, the timer 6 measures the measurement Time The interval is timed, the command issued by the microprocessor 2 is transmitted to the elevation control device 12 through the information output module 4, and the measured data enters the control system 1 through the information input module 3.

The data transmission line 13 controls the position and depth of the probe 15 by the position of the fixed pulley 14 fixed above the reservoir and its length into the reservoir, and transmits the measured data back to the control system 1.

The microprocessor 2 performs calculations based on the input parameters, the selected measurement mode, and the transmitted data, and issues an instruction to cause the elevation control device 12 to act, controlling the length of the reservoir by controlling the data transmission line 13 wound thereon and passing the fixed pulley 14. To control the depth of the probe 15 for measurement.

The number of the probe 15, the elevation control device 12, and the data transmission line 13 may be one or more, and their number is equal and used together, wherein each data transmission line 13 is connected to the control system 1 after being wound around the corresponding lifting control device 12. The other end is connected to the corresponding probe 15 via a corresponding fixed pulley 14.

According to an aspect of the invention, an adaptive measurement method for a reservoir water temperature is proposed, which is suitable for measuring the water temperature at a water surface of 10 m, and includes the following steps:

1) According to the prompt of the display screen 7, input the measurement required parameters through the parameter input module 8, including: the number of probes n, the measurement accuracy of the point thermometer 16 a, the initial measurement pitch LS (integer value between 10m and 20m) ), the set temperature gradient control value G, the set maximum value of the difference between the absolute value of the difference between the measured point temperature gradient and the adjacent point temperature gradient and the temperature gradient of the measuring point, and the total water depth HZ, and The measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer 16 of the measuring instrument determines a corresponding control interval L, and the measurement mode is selected by the parameter input module 8;

2) The control system 1 issues an instruction to cause the lifting control device 12 to act, and the probe 15 is placed in the reservoir via the data transmission line 13 via a fixed pulley 14 fixed above the reservoir, and the microprocessor 2 transmits the relevant information transmitted via the data transmission line 13. The water depth data determines whether the water depth H at the point of insertion is less than 10 m. When the water depth H is not less than 10 m, the timer 6 is started from the depth of 10 m, the water temperature and water depth are measured every 10 s by the point thermometer 16 and the water level gauge 17, and the measured data is transmitted to the micro through the data transmission line 13. The processor 2, the microprocessor 2 determines according to the measurement data, when the water temperature obtained by three consecutive measurements differs by less than 10%, stores the last measurement result and issues a finger to the elevation control module 12 Let the corresponding probe 15 control the measurement of the next point H+nxLS until the bottom of the library;

3) The microprocessor 2 determines, according to the measured data transmitted back, whether the distance between two adjacent measurement points is less than 2 times the control interval L;

4) If the distance between two adjacent measurement points is not less than 2 times the control interval L, the microprocessor 2 sorts the water level of the measured points, calculates the temperature gradient of each measurement point, and determines whether the temperature gradient of the measurement point is greater than G;

5) If the temperature gradient of the measuring point is greater than the set value G, calculate the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measuring point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point to the temperature gradient of the measuring point, and determine whether the ratio is greater than k ;

6) If the ratio is greater than k, the control system 1 sends an instruction to the lifting control device 12 to operate, and the probe 15 is controlled via the data transmission line 13 to supplement the measured water temperature at the midpoint of the point and the adjacent point;

7) Repeat step 3) to step 6) until microprocessor 2 determines that the water temperature of all measurement points meets the absolute value of the temperature gradient is not greater than the set value G, or the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point The ratio of the absolute value of the difference to the temperature gradient of the measuring point is not greater than the set value k, or the distance between the measuring points is not more than 2 times the control spacing L;

8) Arrange the water temperature of all measuring points according to the water depth, and interpolate the spline to get the water temperature distribution of the reservoir.

Preferably, when the measurement is started in step 3), the timer 6 is started, the water temperature and the water depth are measured by the dot thermometer 16 and the water level gauge 17 at intervals of 10 s, and the measured data is transmitted to the microprocessor 2, and the micro processing is performed. The device 2 judges based on the data, and stores the last measurement result when the water temperature measured three consecutive times differs by less than 10%.

Preferably, in step 3), when the microprocessor 2 determines that the distance between the measurement points is not more than 2 times the control interval L, or in step 4), it is determined that the water temperature of the measurement point satisfies the absolute value of the temperature gradient. When it is greater than G, or in step 5), it is judged that the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point to the temperature gradient of the measurement point is not more than k, step 8) is directly performed.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the number of the probes 15 may be one or more, and is equal to the number of the elevation control device 12 and the data transmission line 13, and is used in combination, wherein each of the data transmission lines 13 is wound around the corresponding lifting control device 12 It is connected to the control system 1 and the other end is connected to the corresponding probe 15 via a corresponding fixed pulley 14. When the number n of the input probes 15 is greater than 1, in the step 2), the control system 1 sends an instruction to the respective lifting and lowering control devices 12 associated with the respective probes 15, via the fixed pulleys 14 fixed at different positions. The probe 15 is placed in the reservoir, and the vertical spacing of the two adjacent probes 15 is LS and is not coincident in the vertical direction, so that the measurement of the vertical water temperature facet of any section of the reservoir can be achieved.

In step 2), the microprocessor 2 calculates the value of N=int((HZ-10)/LS)+l. If N/n is an integer, the respective probes 15 are controlled to drop nxLS each time to measure the water temperature at each point. Up to the bottom of the library, the lowest probe 15 measures the bottom temperature; if N/n is not an integer, the value of m=mod(N/n) is calculated. When measuring the last group, only the lower m+1 is required. The probes 15 are lowered, of which m measures the temperature at the LS integer multiple of the water depth, and one measures the bottom temperature.

During the measurement process of step 6), the microprocessor 2 in the control system 1 performs calculation according to the position of each probe 15 that is transmitted back, and selects the probe 15 closest to the point to be measured to move to the point to be measured for measurement; When there are two probes 15 at the same distance from the point to be measured, the probe 15 that selects the smaller water point is moved to the point to be measured for measurement.

In the measurement process of step 4), after the measured water temperature is supplemented by the probe 15 closest to the point to be measured, the water temperature is stored in accordance with the order of the probe 15.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the selected measurement modes include iso-distance measurement, pitch-increasing measurement, and adaptive measurement.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a point having a water depth of less than 10 m is measured by a conventional measuring method such as an equal spacing method and a pitch increasing method.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), according to the measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer 16, the measured control interval is determined to be L=a/0.05=20a, and the minimum spacing of the measurement points should be greater than 2 times. When the distance between the measuring points is less than 2 times the control spacing L, the calculated value of the temperature gradient is limited by the measurement accuracy, which will have a great influence on the water temperature distribution measurement.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor 2 uses the post-interpolation method to calculate the temperature gradient of each measurement point in step 4); referring to the standard of the existence of the thermocline in the deep ocean water body, in order to avoid omission, the present embodiment judges The temperature gradient G of the measuring point was 0.05 ° C / m.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step 5), the maximum value of the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the measurement point temperature gradient and the adjacent point temperature gradient and the temperature gradient of the measurement point is set. k is 15%.

The specific implementation manner of the vertical water temperature measurement of a typical large-scale reservoir will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 4 shows the vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir measured by the equidistant method with a spacing of lm. It can be seen from the figure that there is a significant thermocline in the water temperature distribution measured by this method.

At step S400, the measurement is started. In step S401, the required parameters are input via the parameter input module 8 according to the prompt of the display screen 7, including: the number n of the probes 15 is 1, the measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer 16 is 0.1 °C, and the initial measurement interval LS The maximum value k of 15m, the temperature gradient control value G is 0.05 ° C / m, the absolute value of the difference between the temperature difference between the measurement point temperature and the adjacent point temperature gradient and the temperature gradient of the measurement point is 15%, and the total water depth HZ At 80 m, the microprocessor 2 determines the measured control interval L = a / 0.05 = 20 = 2 m according to the measurement accuracy a, and selects the measurement mode by the parameter input module 8 in accordance with the prompt of the display screen 7.

At step S402, the control system 1 issues an instruction to cause the elevation control device 12 to operate, and the probe 15 is placed in the reservoir via the data transmission line 13 via the fixed pulley 14, and then the water depth H of the insertion point judged by the microprocessor 2 is executed. Whether it is less than 10 m step S403. For each point where the water depth is above 10 m, in step S406, the control system 1 controls the probe 15 to start measuring from a depth of 10 m, and controls the probe 15 to measure along the vertical direction of the reservoir with a measurement interval of 15 m, wherein the water temperature at the bottom of the reservoir must be measured. The measurement results in the points 1 to 6 in the measurement process diagram of the measurement method according to the present invention as in Fig. 6. In step S407, data is stored.

In the next step S408, the microprocessor 2 determines, according to the measurement data, whether the distance between two adjacent points is less than 2 times the control interval (2L). If the distance between two adjacent points is less than 2L, step S413 is performed. The measurement points are arranged in order of water depth, and then in step S414, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and the measurement ends at step S415.

If the distance between two adjacent points is not less than 2L, step S409 is performed. In step S409, the microprocessor 2 sorts the water levels of the measured points, calculates the temperature gradient of each point by post-interpolation, and determines whether the temperature gradient of the measuring points is greater than 0.05 ° C / m. If the temperature gradient of the measurement point is not more than 0.05 ° C / m, then step S413 is performed, and the measurement points are arranged in order of water depth, and then in step S414, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir. The measurement ends at step S415. If the temperature gradient between the measurement points is greater than 0.05 ° C / m, then step S410 is performed to calculate the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradients of the adjacent measurement points to the temperature gradient of the measurement point, and determine the ratio fiber; whether it is greater than 15 %, if it is greater than 15%, execute step S411, and the control system 1 sends

:二 _

Send the command to the liter-down control device 12 to operate it, and control the probe via the data transmission line 13 2 -,

A point is added in the middle of the adjacent two points, and the data is stored in step S412. If it is not more than 15%, step S413 is performed, and the measurement points are arranged in order of water depth, and then in step S414, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and the measurement ends at step S415.

For example, in this embodiment, it is found that the 1-point and 2-point temperature gradients in FIG. 6 are greater than 0.05 ° C / m, and the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradients of adjacent points and the absolute value of the temperature gradient of the point is greater than 15 %, so between 7 o'clock and 2 o'clock, and between 2 o'clock and 3 o'clock, 7 points and 8 points are added respectively.

According to the supplemental measurement point data, repeat the steps of steps S409, S410, S411, and S412 to recalculate the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of each point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point to the absolute value of the temperature gradient of the point, and Measure the point spacing. In the present embodiment, it is found that the temperature gradients of 1, 7, 2, and 8 are all greater than 0.05 ° C / m, and the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradients of the adjacent points and their own temperature gradients is greater than 15%. Therefore, oo supplements the temperatures of points 9, 10, 11, and 12 in the middle of 1 and 7, 7 and 2, 2 and 8, and 8 and 3, respectively. It is judged that the distance between each point of 1, 9, 7, 10, 2, 11, 8, 12, 3 is 3.75m, and the control interval is less than 2 times, 4m, and the water temperature measurement values of each point are counted according to the water depth order. :

Table 1 Statistical Table of Measurement Results of the Invention

0 1 7 1 0 : 1 1

Water depth 0 10 13.75 17.5 21.25 25 28.75 Water temperature 19.41 19.30 19.01 17.30 14.72

Test S 1 2 3 4 5

Water depth 32.5 36.25 40 55 70 80

Water temperature 10.76 10.45 10.26 9.91 9.77 9.80 For the case where the water depth is below 10 m, the spot measurement is performed according to the conventional measurement method in step S404, and sorted by the water depth, and the data is stored in step S405. Then, in step S414, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and the measurement ends at step S415. Since the surface water temperature distribution is known to be relatively uniform, a conventional measurement method is used at a point below 10 m in water depth, and only the surface water temperature is measured as a representative value of a point below 10 m. As shown by the mark 0 in Fig. 6, the surface temperature represented by it is 19.4 °C.

In step S414, spline interpolation is performed on the measurement results of all the measurement points, and the vertical water temperature distribution of the measured reservoir is obtained.

Tables 2 and 3 are the measurement results obtained by the interval increasing method and the equal spacing method, respectively.

Table 2 Statistical results of measurement results of increasing spacing

Water depth 1 5 7 20 Water temperature 19.41 19.41 19.39 19.38 15.51 Water depth 25 M ) 40 0 70 80 Water temperature 12.85 11.19 9.86 9.77 9.80

Equal spacing method measurement results: 诵::::::statistics

Water depth () 35 40 water temperature 19.41 : clock:: oo :::::

Water depth 45 f, U f) 7U 7 ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙ

ρ

Water temperature 10.08 9.98 9.91 9.86 9.83 9.77 9.83 9.80 ο Figure 8 is a comparison of the water temperature measured by the measuring method and the pitch increasing method and the equal spacing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. By comparison, the measurement method proposed by the present invention is obviously superior to the conventional measurement method in the change and capture of the thermocline, and the number of measurement points is also less than the conventional measurement method.

In one aspect of the invention, an adaptive measurement method for reservoir water temperature having a plurality of probes is provided, and Fig. 9 is a flow chart of an adaptive measurement method for reservoir water temperature with a plurality of probes in accordance with the present invention.

At step S500, measurement is started. In step S501, according to the prompt of the display screen 7, the required parameters are input through the parameter input module 8, including: the number of probes η (greater than 1), the measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer 16 is 0.1 °C, the initial measurement The interval LS is 15 m, the temperature gradient control value G is 0.05 ° C / m, the maximum value k of the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the measurement point temperature gradient and the adjacent point temperature gradient to the temperature gradient of the measurement point is 15%, and the total The water depth HZ is 80 m, and the measured control interval L=a/0.05=20=2 m is determined according to the measurement accuracy a. At step S502, the plurality of probes 15 are placed in the reservoir by the fixed pulleys 14, and the vertical spacing between the respective probes 15 is LS and does not coincide. Then, a step S503 of judging whether the water depth of the measurement point is less than 10 m is performed. For each point where the water depth is 10 m or more, first step S506, calculate a value of N=int((HZ-10)/LS)+l, and determine whether N/n is an integer. If it is an integer, step S508 is performed. Each probe 15 is lowered by nxLS each time to measure the water temperature at each point until the bottom of the library, and the lowermost probe 15 measures the bottom temperature, and then step S509 is performed to store the data. If N/n is not an integer, step S507 is performed to calculate the value of m=mod(N/n). When measuring the last group, only the lower m+1 probes 15 need to be lowered, wherein m measurement LS An integer multiple of the water depth, one measures the bottom temperature, and then performs the same step S509 to store the data.

In the next step S510, it is determined whether the spacing between adjacent two points is less than 2 times the control spacing (2L). If the spacing between adjacent two points is less than 2L, step S515 is performed, and the measuring points are arranged in order of water depth. Then, in step S516, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and the measurement ends at step S517.

If the distance between two adjacent points is not less than 2L, step S511 is performed. In step S511, the microprocessor 2 sorts the water levels of the measured points, calculates the temperature gradient of each point by post-interpolation, and determines whether the temperature gradient of the measuring points is greater than 0.05 ° C / m. If the temperature gradient between the measurement points is not more than 0.05 ° C / m, then step S515 is performed, and the measurement points are arranged in order of water depth, and then in step S516, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir. The measurement ends at step S517.

If the temperature gradient between the measurement points is greater than 0.05 ° C / m, then step S512 is performed to determine whether the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradients of the adjacent measurement points and the temperature gradient of the measurement point is greater than 15%, and if greater than 15%, Executing step S513, the control system 1 controls the probe 15 to perform a test point in the middle of two adjacent points, and the method is implemented as follows: The control system 1 issues an instruction to the lifting control device 12 according to the position of each probe 15 transmitted back, and selects The probe 15 closest to the point to be measured is moved to the point to be measured for measurement; if two probes 15 are at the same distance from the point to be measured, the probe 15 that selects the smaller point of the water level is moved to the point to be measured for measurement. The data is then stored in step S514. If it is not more than 15%, step S515 is performed, and the measurement points are arranged in order of water depth. Then, in step S516, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and the measurement ends at step S517.

For the case where the water depth is less than 10 m, step S504 is performed, using a conventional measurement method. The measurement is performed, and the measurement points are sorted according to the water depth. After the data storage step of S505 is performed, step S516 is performed, spline interpolation is performed on all the measurement points to obtain a vertical water temperature distribution of the reservoir, and then the measurement ends at step S517.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Various changes.

Claims

claims

1. An adaptive measurement device for reservoir water temperature, characterized in that the device includes: a probe configured with a water level meter for measuring water level and a point thermometer for measuring water temperature;

Fixed pulley, the fixed pulley is fixed above the reservoir, and the probe is placed into the reservoir through the fixed pulley;

Lifting control device, the lifting control device operates according to the received instructions; control system, the control system sends instructions to the lifting control device to cause it to operate, the control system includes a microprocessor, and the microprocessor timer, display screen, parameter input module, information input module, information output module and information storage module connected to the device, wherein the display screen is used to prompt the parameters to be input, and the parameters are input through the parameter input module and the measurement is selected. mode, the input data is stored in the information storage module, the timer is used to time the time interval for measurement by the probe, and the instructions issued by the microprocessor are transmitted to the lifting device through the information output module , and the measured data enters the control system through the information input module;

Data transmission line. One end of the data transmission line is wound around the lifting control device and connected to the control system. The other end is connected to the probe via the fixed pulley. The data transmission line utilizes the position of the fixed pulley and the data. The length of the transmission line entering the reservoir controls the location and depth of the probe, and the data transmission line transmits the measured data back to the control system;

Wherein, the microprocessor of the control system performs calculations based on the input parameters, the selected measurement mode and the data transmitted back, and issues instructions to cause the lifting control device to take action, by winding the lifting control device , and the length of the data transmission line passing through the fixed pulley and entering the reservoir changes to control the rise and fall of the probe for measurement.

2. The adaptive measurement device for reservoir water temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the probes is one or more, and the number of the fixed pulleys, the lifting control device and the data transmission lines The number of probes is equal to that of the probes and used in conjunction with each other. One end of each data transmission line is wound around the corresponding lifting control device and then connected to the control system, and the other end is connected to the corresponding fixed pulley through the corresponding fixed pulley. Probe.

3. An adaptive measurement method for reservoir water temperature, characterized by including the following steps: 1) According to the prompts on the display screen, input the measurement requirements through the parameter input module Parameters include: the number of probes n, the measurement accuracy a of the point thermometer as the measuring instrument, the starting measurement spacing LS, the set temperature gradient control value G, the set temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature of the adjacent point The maximum value k of the ratio of the absolute value of the gradient difference to the temperature gradient of the measurement point, and the total water depth HZ, the microprocessor determines the corresponding control interval L=a/0.05=20a based on the input measurement accuracy a, And select the measurement mode through the parameter input module;

2) The control system issues an instruction to cause the lifting control device to act. The probe is placed into the reservoir via the fixed pulley fixed above the reservoir through the data transmission line. The microprocessor passes the The data transmitted back by the data transmission line determines whether the water depth H at the insertion point is less than 10m. When the water depth H is not less than 10m, the control system controls the probe to start measuring from a water depth of 10m, and controls the probe to vertically move along the reservoir. Measure a point toward the interval nxLS until the bottom of the library;

3) The microprocessor determines whether the distance between two adjacent measurement points is less than 2 times the control distance L based on the transmitted measurement data;

4) If the distance between two adjacent measurement points is not less than 2 times the control distance L, the microprocessor will sort the water levels of the measured points, use the post-interpolation method to calculate the temperature gradient of each measurement point, and determine the temperature of the measurement point Whether the gradient is greater than G;

5) If the temperature gradient of the measurement point is greater than G, the microprocessor calculates the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measurement point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point and the temperature gradient of the measurement point, and determines the Whether the ratio is greater than k;

6) If the ratio is greater than k, the control system sends an instruction to the lifting control device to cause it to operate, and controls the probe to supplementally measure the water temperature at the midpoint between the measurement point and the adjacent point through the data transmission line. ;

7) Repeat steps 3) to 6) until the microprocessor determines that the water temperatures at all measurement points satisfy that the absolute value of the temperature gradient is not greater than the set value G, or the temperature gradient between the measurement point and the temperature gradient at adjacent points is The ratio of the absolute value of the difference to the temperature gradient of the measurement point is not greater than the set value k, or the spacing between the measurement points is not greater than 2 times the control spacing L;

8) The microprocessor arranges the water temperatures at all measurement points according to water depth, and performs spline interpolation to obtain the vertical distribution of water temperature in the reservoir.

4. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that when starting the measurement in step 3), the timer is started, and the point thermometer and the water level meter are measured at intervals of 10 seconds. The water temperature and water depth are measured once, and the measured data is transmitted to the microprocessor. The microprocessor makes a judgment based on the data. When the water temperature measured three consecutive times differs by less than 10%, the last measurement result is stored.

5. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that when in step 3), when the microprocessor determines that the distance between measurement points is not greater than 2 times the control distance L, Or in step 4), it is judged that the water temperature of the measuring point satisfies the temperature gradient not greater than G, or in step 5) it is judged that the absolute value of the difference between the temperature gradient of the measuring point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point is equal to the difference between the temperature gradient of the measuring point and the temperature gradient of the adjacent point. When the ratio of the temperature gradient is not greater than k, proceed to step 8) directly.

6. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 5, characterized in that when the input number n of the probes is greater than 1, in step 2) the control system sends an instruction to the sensor matched with the probes. The lifting control device puts the probe into the reservoir via the matching fixed pulley. The vertical spacing between two adjacent probes is LS and does not overlap in the vertical direction, and the microprocessor The controller calculates the value of N=int((HZ-10)/LS)+l. If N/n is an integer, the control system controls each of the probes to measure the water temperature once every nxLS until the bottom of the reservoir; if N/n is not is an integer, then calculate the value of m=mod(N/n). When measuring the last group, only m+1 of the probes below need to be lowered, of which m measures the temperature of the water depth that is an integer multiple of LS, and one measures Bottom temperature of the library.

7. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 5, characterized in that when the input number n of the probes is greater than 1, during the measurement process of step 6), the microprocessor transmits back Calculate the location of each probe, select the probe closest to the point to be measured and move to the point to be measured for measurement. If there are two probes at the same distance from the point to be measured, select the water level. The smaller probe moves to the point to be measured for measurement, and after the measured water temperature is obtained, the water temperature is stored according to the order of the probes.

8. The adaptive measurement device for reservoir water temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement mode includes equal-spaced measurement, incremental-spaced measurement and adaptive measurement.

9. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that points with a water depth less than 10m are measured using the conventional equal-spaced method.

10. The adaptive measurement method of reservoir water temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that the measurement points are screened according to the standard of thermocline existence in deep ocean water to avoid omissions.