WO2014173043A1

WO2014173043A1 - Carbon crystal anti-icing method and wind driven generator anti-icing system employing same

Info

Publication number: WO2014173043A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/081515
Authority: WO
Inventors: 彭斌; 乔海祥; 汪奕; 徐新华; 杨琼
Original assignee: 湘电新能源有限公司
Priority date: 2013-04-26
Filing date: 2013-08-15
Publication date: 2014-10-30
Also published as: CA2910331A1; CN103291560A; RU2015149493A; CA2910331C; RU2627743C2

Abstract

A carbon crystal anti-icing method. The method comprises: printing nanosized conductive carbon crystal on a carrier, preparing a thin carbon crystal electric hot plate with two electrodes by means of curing and hot-pressing technologies, laying the carbon crystal electric hot plate on a surface layer or secondary surface layer of a blade to form a heating layer (5), dividing the heating layer (5) into a plurality of heating areas, performing temperature raising control in each heating area by using a heating controller by on-line temperature monitoring, and keeping a temperature of an outer surface of the anti-icing heating area higher than and approximate to 0 degree Celsius. The heating controller can control the heating areas to work simultaneously or alternately, to perform automatic ice prevention or ice melting. Further disclosed is a wind driven generator anti-icing system employing the method. A carbon crystal electric hot plate is used as an electric heating material of an anti-icing blade, so that a manufacturing technology of the anti-icing system is simple, anti-icing heating is uniform, and structure strength of the blade is also enhanced; in addition, an on-line temperature monitoring closed-loop control is performed, so that the anti-icing system is stable, safe, and energy-saving.

Description

Carbon crystal anti-icing method and wind generator anti-icing system using the same

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for preventing ice on the surface of an outdoor device, in particular to a method for electrically heating and preventing ice or melting ice by using a carbon crystal heating material for a wind power generator, and an ice protection system for a wind power generator using the same, belonging to wind power Power generation equipment technology field.

Background technique

In the winter of 2012, in China, some wind farms in the south were shut down for more than two months due to icing of wind turbine blades, causing serious power generation losses. In foreign countries, such as Russia, Sweden, Canada and other countries, some wind farms Fan blades are frozen and are shut down for up to 3 months each year. Some wind farm blades are too thick and icy, and wind turbine collapses; wind turbine blade icing is a worldwide problem that needs to be solved urgently, affecting existing wind turbines. The output has limited the development and utilization of some high-quality wind resources in the cold regions, and has become a technical bottleneck that hinders the development of the wind power industry.

Chinese invention patent application publication specification CN 102878036 A discloses a wind turbine rotor blade with an electric ice melting device, which is attached to the surface, the inner surface and the interlayer of the blade by an electric ice melting device. The material of the fan blade is generally a composite material with poor thermal conductivity, and the electric heating and melting The ice device is attached to the inner surface of the blade and the interlayer is prone to overheating of the blade. The heat conduction rate is slow, and a large temperature gradient is formed inside the blade, which shortens the service life of the blade. The ice melting device includes an insulation layer. The electric heating element and the insulating layer, the electric heating element comprises a zinc white copper low temperature soft wire or a nickel chromium alloy electric heating wire or a chrome aluminum alloy electric heating wire electric heating chip, the process is complicated when the electric heating wire is arranged, the heating wire is body heat, and the heat is concentrated. The core is easy to cause local overheating of the inside or the surface of the blade. The blade adopts direct heating and melting ice. There is no temperature online monitoring during the heating process. It belongs to the open loop control mode, and the blade has a hidden danger of local high temperature ignition. At the same time, the electric hot ice melting device described in the patent The thickness is 2-4 The arrangement process of mm attached to the blade is complicated. The insulating heat dissipation layer is PVC engineering plastic. The surface attached to the blade is prone to fall off. Attaching to the inner surface of the blade and the interlayer will reduce the structural force of the blade; the blade is in a general frozen environment. Under conditions, the power required to prevent ice or melt ice at rest is usually greater than 400. W/m2, and the maximum power set by the invention is only 400 W/m2. During the rotation of the blade, the blade melts with convective heat loss, and the tip convective heat loss is the largest, and the maximum energy can exceed 2000. W/m2, it can be seen that the patent is out of the actual situation, and it is difficult to achieve the effect of its online melting ice.

Chinese utility model patent 201220245659.X discloses an automatic anti-icing and deicing device for a fan blade, which adopts a coating method on a surface of a blade to coat a conductive coating or a conductive film, and is exposed to heat during the use process, and the local contact is poorly fired. At the same time, the patent describes the measurement of the surface temperature of a certain position of the leeward surface and the windward surface of the blade by using the infrared temperature measuring component. It does not represent the temperature of the entire blade, and the infrared temperature measuring component is easily damaged in the external freezing environment and the measurement error. Large, and the device control system is complex, low reliability, and it is difficult to achieve its anti-icing purpose.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for on-line heating and anti-icing of a blade of a wind power generator by using a carbon crystal electrothermal material with uniform surface temperature rise and low energy consumption, and a simple structure and stable performance by using the method. A reliable, economical and energy-saving wind turbine anti-ice system.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a carbon crystal anti-icing method, comprising the steps of: setting different power carbon crystal electric heating plates on the surface of the blade according to the change of the linear velocity of the fan blade at different radial positions during operation; Or subsurface layer, forming a heating layer, dividing the heating layer at different positions on the blade into at least one heating zone, and the carbon crystal electric heating plate of each heating zone adopts parallel or series or serial combination wiring mode and corresponding power output of the heating controller The end connection is provided with a temperature sensor on the surface of the carbon crystal electric heating plate and the heating area, and the carbon crystal electric heating plate, the temperature sensor and other constituent layers are cast into a whole in the blade mold by a resin vacuum infusion process, and the temperature sensor of each heating zone is used. Connected to the signal input end of the corresponding area of the heating controller, the measuring instrument for detecting the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the environment is connected with the signal collecting input end of the heating controller, and the heating controller is based on the ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed signal and heating. The temperature of the zone controls the operation of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in each heating zone Maintaining the heated anti-icing region is greater than the outer surface temperature close to 0 degrees Celsius and 0 degrees Celsius.

A wind turbine anti-icing system using carbon crystal anti-icing, comprising an anti-icing blade and an anti-icing control system, the anti-icing control system comprising a power source, a hub slip ring, a heating controller, and the anti-icing blade comprises an outer Mongolian The inner surface of the inner skin is a cavity, the inner body of the inner skin is provided with a web bonded to the inner skin, and the outer layer of the inner skin is a core material. The outer layer of the core material is an outer skin, The utility model is characterized in that: the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the outer skin is provided with a carbon crystal electric heating plate to form a heating layer, and the heating layer at different positions on the blade is divided into at least one heating region, and the power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in the heating region is according to the radius The maximum power required for positional anti-icing is set. The carbon crystal electric heating plates of each heating zone are connected in parallel or in series or in series and in combination with the power output end of the heating controller corresponding to the area, on the surface of the carbon crystal electric heating plate. The surface of the heating zone and the surface of the non-heating zone are provided with temperature sensors, and the temperature sensor of each heating zone is connected with the signal input end of the heating controller corresponding to the zone, and the sensor and the heating controller for detecting the ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed are provided. The signal acquisition end is connected, and the heating controller comprehensively analyzes the ambient temperature, the humidity, the wind speed, and the signal of the temperature sensor of each heating zone, thereby controlling the operation of the carbon crystal electric heating plate of each heating zone, and maintaining the outer surface temperature of the blade to be greater than 0 degrees Celsius. And close to 0 degrees Celsius for automatic anti-icing or melting ice.

In the above-mentioned wind power generator anti-icing system, the power setting of the carbon crystal electric heating plate is set according to the heating power of the fan blade to maintain the blade surface temperature greater than 0 degrees Celsius at the rated rotational speed under the most severe freezing conditions in winter. The power of the crystal hot plate is 400 W/m2 ~ 4000 W / m2 range.

In the wind turbine anti-icing system described above, all or part of the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the outer skin of the blade is a carbon crystal electric heating plate to form a heating layer.

In the above-mentioned wind power generator anti-icing system, the carbon crystal electric heating plate is provided with a hole or a groove, the diameter of the hole is 1 to 10 mm, or the width of the groove is 1 to 10 Mm.

In the above-described wind power generator anti-icing system, the carbon crystal electric heating plate comprises a carrier and a carbon crystal adhered to the carrier, and the carrier is made of a material of the same system as the outer skin material of the blade.

In the wind turbine anti-icing system described above, the carbon crystal electric heating plate has a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

In the wind turbine anti-icing system described above, the surface of the blade is coated with a coating.

The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) In the present invention, the carbon crystal electric heating plate comprises a carrier and a carbon crystal adhered to the carrier, and the carrier is made of a material of the same system as the outer skin material of the blade, which is convenient for The blade is fused into a whole body. The carbon crystal is an electrothermal material with pure resistance characteristics. It is also convenient for printing carbon crystal electric heating plates of different power. The carbon crystal electric heating plate is surface heating, the temperature rise is rapid and uniform, the thermal anti-aging ability is strong, and the conductor is overcome. The heat source is concentrated, the heating is uneven, and the surface temperature rise is complicated to control. 2) According to the invention, the carbon crystal electric heating plate with different powers is arranged on the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the blade according to the change of the linear velocity at different radial position of the fan blade during operation, forming a heating layer, and dividing the heating layer into at least one heating region respectively The control ensures that the heat provided by the heating layer of the anti-icing blade can satisfy the surface heat loss under various freezing weather conditions, and the surface temperature of the anti-icing blade can be maintained above 0 degrees Celsius.

In summary, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, good anti-icing effect and low energy consumption, and realizes that the wind power generator automatically prevents ice or melt ice during the rotation process.

DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the principle of the anti-icing system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an anti-icing blade of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the layered structure at A in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view showing the arrangement of a heating layer in the subsurface layer of the anti-icing blade of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view showing that the anti-icing blade of the present invention adopts a full-area heating layer and is divided into seven heating regions.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a carbon crystal electric heating plate in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a carbon crystal electric heating plate of the present invention.

1-7: 1 - outer skin, 2 - core material, 3 - inner skin, 4 - paint, 5 - heating layer, 6 - leaf tip, 7 - leaf root, 8 - trailing edge, 9 - front Edge, 10-electrode, 11-groove, 12-carrier, 13-carbon crystal, 14-web, 15-cavity, 16-temperature sensor.

detailed description

The invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7, a carbon crystal anti-icing method of the present invention comprises the steps of: printing a nano-scale conductive carbon crystal 13 on a carrier 12, and forming a thinner two by a curing and hot pressing process. a copper strip or a carbon crystal electric heating plate having a silver electrode 10 and a carbon crystal electric heating plate as a layer of the blade layer, as the heating layer 5, in the fan blade manufacturing process, according to the different radius of the fan blade during operation The change of the linear velocity of the position is set by the carbon crystal electric heating plate of different power, and is disposed on the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the blade, for example, according to the direction from the blade root 7 to the tip 6 increasing the heat loss of the convection with increasing linear velocity, The power per unit area required for anti-icing increases, and the convective heat loss in the direction from the trailing edge 8 to the leading edge 9 of the blade is also different. Considering the difference in convective heat loss between the two aspects, a carbon crystal electric heating plate with appropriate power is appropriately arranged to form The heating layer 5 of the anti-icing blade, the heating layer 5 is divided into at least one heating zone, and FIG. 5 is an embodiment in which the heating zone is divided into seven heating zones, and the carbon crystal electric heating plates of each heating zone are connected in parallel or in series or in series. The combined wiring mode is connected with the power output end of the corresponding heating controller, and the temperature sensor 16 is disposed on the outer surface of the carbon crystal electric heating plate and the heating area, and the carbon crystal electric heating plate, the temperature sensor and other components are formed by the resin vacuum infusion process. The layer is cast into a whole in the blade mold, and the temperature sensor of each heating zone is connected with the signal input end of the corresponding area of the heating controller, and is used for detecting the temperature, humidity, wind speed of the environment and the signal acquisition input of the heating controller. Connected to the end, the heating controller comprehensively analyzes the ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed signals according to the preset model to judge and control the start and stop of the anti-icing system. The anti-icing system starts, and the electric energy is sent to the heating controller through the hub slip ring, and the heating control is performed. According to the temperature signal of each heating zone collected, the heating controller controls the heating power of the corresponding carbon crystal electric heating plate, and the heating controller can control each heating zone to operate simultaneously or alternately to perform automatic anti-icing or melting. ice.

The wind crystal anti-icing system of the carbon crystal anti-icing method comprises an anti-icing blade and an anti-icing control system, the anti-icing control system comprises a power source, a hub slip ring, a heating controller, and the anti-icing blade comprises an outer skin 1 , the core material 2, the inner skin 3, the inner surface of the inner skin 3 is a cavity 15, the cavity is provided with a web 14 bonded to the inner skin, and the inner skin of the inner skin is a core material 2, The outer layer of the core material 2 is an outer skin 1, and the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the outer skin 1 is provided with a carbon crystal electric heating plate. As shown in FIG. 3, a carbon crystal electric heating plate is arranged on the subsurface layer of the outer skin 1 to constitute heating. Layer 5, As shown in FIG. 4, the heating layer 5 is divided into seven heating regions, and the power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in the heating region is set according to the maximum power required for anti-icing at the radial position, and the carbon crystal electric heating plate of each heating region is adopted. The parallel wiring mode is connected to the power output end of the heating controller corresponding to the area, and the surface of the carbon crystal layer 13, the surface of the heating area and the surface of the non-heating area are provided with a plurality of temperature sensors 16, and the temperature sensors of each heating area correspond to each other. The signal input end of the heating controller of the area is connected. In order to improve the accuracy of the temperature sensor measurement, the average value measured by multiple temperature sensors in the same area is used to detect the signal of the ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed sensor and the heating controller. The input terminal is connected, and the heating controller comprehensively analyzes the ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed signals according to the preset model to judge and control the start and stop of the anti-icing system, the anti-icing system starts, and the heating controller analyzes the temperature signals collected in each heating area. The heating controller adjusts the heating power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in time to maintain the appearance of the heating area The temperature is greater than 0 degrees Celsius and close to 0 degrees Celsius. The heating controller can control each heating zone to operate in simultaneous or alternating mode for automatic anti-icing or ice melting. The heating controller transmits the current working status information to the host communication, and then communicates with the host. Transfer to host monitoring, so that the operating personnel can monitor the running status of the system in a centralized manner, and the operating personnel can set or operate the anti-icing system through host monitoring.

In the present invention, the power setting of the carbon crystal electric heating plate of the heating layer is set according to the heating power of the fan blade to maintain the blade surface temperature greater than 0 degrees Celsius at the rated rotational speed under the most severe freezing conditions in winter, according to the blade anti-icing simulation calculation. And experimental test analysis, the power of carbon crystal electric heating plate is 400 W/m2 ~ 4000 W / m2 range.

In the present invention, as shown in Fig. 5, the outer skin layers of the outer skin of the blade are all carbon crystal electric heating plates, which constitute the heating layer 5. At the same time, according to the specific climatic conditions of the wind field, all the surface layers are selected as carbon crystal electric heating plates or surface layers. Part of the carbon crystal electric heating plate or the sub-surface layer is a carbon crystal electric heating plate, which constitutes the heating layer 5. In the wind field where the freezing is not serious, the partial or sub-surface layer of the outer skin of the anti-icing blade is carbon. The crystal electric heating plate constitutes a heating layer, which reduces the production cost of the product and can also achieve the ideal anti-icing effect.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the carbon crystal electric heating plate is further provided with a groove 11 having a width ranging from 1 to 10 Mm, the power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate is adjusted by the change of the width and the spacing of the groove, and the groove on the carbon crystal electric heating plate is favorable for the uniformity of the resin flow in the resin vacuum infusion process during the blade production, and the structural strength of the blade is improved.

In the present invention, the carbon crystal electric heating plate comprises a carrier 12 and a carbon crystal 13 adhered to the carrier, and the carrier is made of a material of the same system as the outer skin material of the blade, so as to be integrated with the blade as a whole, the carbon crystal It is an electrothermal material with pure resistance characteristics, and it is also convenient to print carbon crystal electric heating plates with different powers. The carbon crystal electric heating plate is surface heating, the temperature rise is rapid and uniform, and the heat aging resistance is strong, which overcomes the heat concentration of the conductor heat source and uneven heating. Surface temperature rise controls complex problems.

In the present invention, the thickness of the carbon crystal electric heating plate ranges from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, which facilitates the arrangement of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in the blade production process.

In the present invention, the surface layer of the blade is coated with the coating 4, and the coating has anti-corrosion, anti-wear and anti-ultraviolet effects.

The invention has the advantages that the anti-icing system has a simple structure, the control system adopts a temperature online monitoring closed-loop control mode, and the operation is stable and safe. The carbon crystal electrothermal material is used to set the heating layer on the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the blade, and the blade production process is simple and also improved. The structural strength of the blade, uniform heating against ice, rapid temperature rise, and low energy consumption enable automatic wind-proof or ice-melting of the wind turbine during the rotation process.

Claims

A carbon crystal anti-icing method comprises the steps of: setting a carbon crystal electric heating plate of different power according to a change of a linear velocity at a different radial position of a fan blade during operation, laying a surface layer or a subsurface layer of the blade to form a heating layer, and forming the heating layer The heating layer at different positions is divided into at least one heating region, and the carbon crystal electric heating plates of each heating region are connected to the power output end of the corresponding heating controller in parallel or in series or in series and in combination, in close proximity to the carbon crystal electric heating plate and heating. A temperature sensor is arranged on the surface of the area, and the carbon crystal electric heating plate, the temperature sensor and other constituent layers are cast into a whole in the blade mold by a resin vacuum infusion process, and the temperature sensor of each heating zone is connected with the signal input end of the corresponding area of the heating controller. The measuring instrument for detecting the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the environment is connected with the signal collecting input end of the heating controller, and the heating controller controls the carbon crystal electric heating plate of each heating zone according to the ambient temperature, the humidity, the wind speed signal and the temperature of the heating zone. Work to maintain the outer surface temperature of the anti-ice heating zone is greater than 0 It is close to 0 degrees Celsius.
A wind power generator anti-icing system using the carbon crystal anti-icing method according to claim 1, comprising an anti-icing blade and an anti-icing control system, the anti-icing control system comprising a power source, a hub slip ring, a heating controller, The anti-icing blade comprises an outer skin, a core material and an inner skin, wherein the inner surface of the inner skin is a cavity, the inner body of the inner skin is provided with a web bonded to the inner skin, and the outer layer of the inner skin is a core material. The outer layer of the core material is an outer skin, The utility model is characterized in that: the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the outer skin is provided with a carbon crystal electric heating plate to form a heating layer, and the heating layer at different positions on the blade is divided into at least one heating region, and the power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate in the heating region is according to the radius The maximum power required for positional anti-icing is set. The carbon crystal electric heating plates of each heating zone are connected in parallel or in series or in series and in combination with the power output end of the heating controller corresponding to the area, on the surface of the carbon crystal electric heating plate. The surface of the heating zone and the surface of the non-heating zone are provided with temperature sensors, and the temperature sensor of each heating zone is connected with the signal input end of the heating controller corresponding to the zone, and the sensor and the heating controller for detecting the ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed are provided. The signal acquisition end is connected, and the heating controller comprehensively analyzes the ambient temperature, the humidity, the wind speed, and the signal of the temperature sensor of each heating zone, thereby controlling the operation of the carbon crystal electric heating plate of each heating zone, and maintaining the outer surface temperature of the blade to be greater than 0 degrees Celsius. And close to 0 degrees Celsius for automatic anti-icing or melting ice.
The wind power generator anti-icing system according to claim 2, wherein the power setting of the carbon crystal electric heating plate is such that the blade surface temperature is greater than 0 according to the rated speed of the fan blade under the most severe freezing conditions in winter. The heating power of Celsius is set, and the power of the carbon crystal electric heating plate is 400. W/m2 ~ 4000 W / m2 range.
The wind power generator anti-icing system according to claim 3, wherein all or part of the surface layer or the sub-surface layer of the outer skin of the blade is a carbon crystal electric heating plate to form a heating layer.
The anti-icing system for a wind power generator according to claim 4, wherein the carbon crystal electric heating plate is provided with a hole or a groove, and the diameter of the hole is 1 to 10 Mm, or the width of the groove is 1 to 10 mm.
The wind power generator anti-icing system according to claim 5, wherein the carbon crystal electric heating plate comprises a carrier and a carbon crystal adhered to the carrier, and the carrier is interfused with the same system as the outer skin material of the blade. Made of materials.
The wind power generator anti-icing system according to claim 6, wherein the carbon crystal electric heating plate has a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 1 Mm.
The wind power generator ice protection system according to claim 2, wherein the surface of the blade is coated with a paint.