WO2014171434A1 - アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療剤およびアルツハイマー病治療薬、ならびにこれらに関連する治療方法および病態解析方法 - Google Patents
アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療剤およびアルツハイマー病治療薬、ならびにこれらに関連する治療方法および病態解析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4711—Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid plaque core protein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a peptide having a therapeutic effect on cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein, which is a symptom of Alzheimer's disease, and a use thereof.
- Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disease whose main symptom is cognitive decline (such as memory impairment). Although it is particularly common among elderly people, there is no effective therapeutic drug, which is a big problem in developed countries that are facing an aging society. Senile plaques are observed in the postmortem brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, which are known to be aggregates of “amyloid ⁇ protein”. And it is widely accepted by many studies that this amyloid ⁇ protein is the main cause of Alzheimer's disease.
- Amyloid ⁇ protein is produced from its precursor “amyloid precursor protein”.
- An amyloid precursor protein is a membrane protein present on the nerve cell membrane.
- the extracellular domain is cleaved with ⁇ -secretase and then the intracellular membrane domain is cleaved with ⁇ -secretase, so that a peptide called p3 is produced and released outside the cell. This is known as a “non-amyloid production pathway”, and amyloid ⁇ protein is not produced (Non-patent Document 1).
- the extracellular domain is only a few percent, it is cleaved by ⁇ -secretase, and amyloid ⁇ protein is secreted extracellularly.
- amyloid ⁇ protein increases or amyloid ⁇ protein molecular species with higher aggregation properties are generated.
- This aggregation property of the amyloid ⁇ protein finally forms senile plaques (amyloid aggregates) of Alzheimer's disease patients and is observed as deposition in the brain.
- Non-patent Documents 2 and 3 The cut out amyloid ⁇ protein gradually aggregates, and finally senile plaques (amyloid aggregates) are formed, but the “oligomer (aggregates of several amyloid ⁇ proteins)” in the aggregation process, It is known to have strong neurotoxicity. It has been reported in both in vitro and in vivo that this amyloid ⁇ protein oligomeric body inhibits synaptic plasticity, which is a neurological phenomenon essential for memory and learning (Non-patent Documents 2 and 3). It has also been reported that memory / learning ability is lost when this oligomer is administered into the mouse brain (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5). Recent studies have reported that neuronal cell death and the like occur when exposed to this oligomer for a long period of time (Non-Patent Document 6), and have attracted attention as a causative substance of the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
- Alzheimer's disease therapeutic agents currently used clinically are not designed to act on this amyloid ⁇ protein. More specifically, donepezil (Patent Document 1) and memantine (Patent Document 2) used as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor inhibitors, respectively, and interact with amyloid ⁇ protein. is not. Since it is a so-called coping therapy, there is currently no dramatic improvement for Alzheimer's disease.
- Non-patent Document 1 Non-patent Document 1
- Semagacestat Patent Document 3
- Begacestat Patent Document 4
- Another therapeutic method that is attracting attention is antibody therapy in which the antibody recognizes and removes amyloid ⁇ protein in the brain.
- Bapineuzumab Patent Document 5
- solanezumab that have been clinically developed so far.
- Non-patent Document 7 the substrate of ⁇ -secretase is not only amyloid precursor protein but nearly 100.
- Non-patent Document 8 Notch receptor important for cell differentiation is also included (Non-patent Document 8), and there are concerns about side effects.
- Semagacestat a potential candidate for a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor, was discontinued in a phase III clinical trial in 2010.
- antibody therapy with anti-amyloid ⁇ antibody vasculitis and vascular cerebral edema may occur.
- Bapineuzumab which was promising as an antibody therapeutic, was discontinued in 2012.
- Non-patent Documents 9 and 10 Some of the ⁇ -secretase substrates are known to release the excised extracellular domain like an amyloid peptide. Since these peptides serve as indicators of ⁇ -secretase activity, there are several inventions that attempt to use the cut fragments as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (Patent Documents 6 and 7). It is also known that a peptide consisting of 37 amino acids (VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT) is produced when a membrane protein in vivo called Alcadein- ⁇ is cleaved by ⁇ -secretase and further cleaved by ⁇ -secretase ( Non-patent document 11).
- amyloid ⁇ protein is the mechanism of action, but an anti-Alzheimer agent different from the conventional mechanism of action is eagerly desired, and the present invention provides such an anti-Alzheimer agent. Let it be an issue.
- ⁇ -secretase is known to cleave membrane proteins other than amyloid precursor protein.
- the present inventors have made a bold hypothesis that peptide fragments other than “amyloid ⁇ protein” other than “amyloid ⁇ protein cleaved by ⁇ -secretase may exhibit an Alzheimer's disease improving action.
- a peptide (p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide) consisting of 37 amino acids (VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT) generated by cleaving the aforementioned Alcadein- ⁇ also by ⁇ -secretase and ⁇ -secretase is recognized by the amyloid ⁇ protein.
- the present invention provides a therapeutic agent for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein and a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
- the present invention provides a method for treating cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein and a method for treating Alzheimer's disease.
- the present invention provides a pathological analysis method for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein and a pathological analysis method for Alzheimer's disease.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a therapeutic agent for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein comprising as an active ingredient a peptide corresponding to any of the following (I) to (VI):
- a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASHRNSMIPS AAT SEQ ID NO: 1
- a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 3 amino acids are altered by any one or more of deletion, addition, substitution and side chain modification to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- HRGHQPPPEMA SEQ ID NO: 2
- One to two amino acids are deleted, added, substituted or modified in the side chain with respect to the partial sequence of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 including the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- (VI) 1 to 2 amino acids of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 are deleted, added (excluding addition to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal), substitution, or side chain modification.
- a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence modified by any one or more and having an amino acid sequence added with a total of 1 to 50 amino acids at the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the modified amino acid sequence.
- An amyloid ⁇ protein comprising the step of administering the therapeutic agent according to [1] to a mammal (excluding humans) that has developed cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein or a model animal thereof. For treating cognitive impairment induced by aging.
- a method for treating Alzheimer's disease comprising the step of administering the therapeutic agent according to [2] to a mammal (excluding human) suffering from Alzheimer's disease or a model animal thereof.
- a step of administering a peptide corresponding to any one of (I) to (VI) above to a mammal (excluding humans) or a model animal thereof that has developed cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein, or a model thereof A method for analyzing a pathological condition of cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein, comprising a step of adding to cultured neurons as cells or biomolecules expressed in neurons.
- the invention as described above is expressed as the use of the specific peptide (in the production of these drugs) as an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein or a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that it is possible to convert to the present invention.
- Alzheimer's disease is a situation where there is no effective therapeutic agent at present and a new therapeutic agent is awaited.
- new therapeutic agents based on amyloid ⁇ protein have been clinically developed, but have not yet been put on the market due to side effects.
- the anti-Alzheimer agent provided by the present invention has a new mechanism of action different from that of the existing anti-Alzheimer agent, and is a peptide actually present in vivo (p3-Alc ⁇ 37) produced by cleaving with ⁇ -secretase or Since the partial peptide (p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19]) or a peptide having an amino acid sequence similar to them is used, it becomes an anti-Alzheimer agent that is expected to be highly safe with no side effects.
- the graph represents the search time of a new object (Novel object) and a known object (Familiar object) measured in the example.
- A (ACSF): artificial cerebrospinal fluid only (control).
- B (A ⁇ oligomer): Artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer was dissolved.
- C (A ⁇ oligomer + p3-Alc ⁇ 37): An artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 ⁇ M p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide are dissolved. **: P ⁇ 0.01.
- the graph represents the search time of a new object (Novel object) and a known object (Familiar object) measured in the example.
- B (MK-801 + p3-Alc ⁇ 37): An artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 10 ⁇ M p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide was dissolved was administered into the ventricles, and MK-801 was administered intraperitoneally. Effect of partial peptide of p3-Alc ⁇ 37 on memory impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer.
- A Comparison of amino acid sequences of partial peptides p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19], p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37], p3-Alc ⁇ [1-11] and p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19] used in the experiment.
- B (A ⁇ oligomer + p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19]): an artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 ⁇ M3-p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19] peptide are dissolved. **: P ⁇ 0.01.
- C (A ⁇ oligomer + p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37]): artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37] peptide are dissolved.
- D (A ⁇ oligomer + p3-Alc ⁇ [1-11]): Artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 ⁇ M p3-Alc ⁇ [1-11] peptide are dissolved.
- E (A ⁇ oligomer + p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19]): Artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 M p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19] peptide are dissolved. **: P ⁇ 0.01.
- the therapeutic agent for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein includes the following first to sixth embodiments.
- amyloid ⁇ protein is a polypeptide generally known to accumulate in the brain with the progress of Alzheimer's disease, and is a monomer type consisting of a single polypeptide chain. Even an oligomer type composed of a plurality of (usually 2 to 6) polypeptide chains or an aggregate formed by aggregating a plurality of such oligomers may be used.
- “Cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein” includes memory impairment, disorientation, learning impairment, attention impairment, spatial cognitive function and problem solving ability, which are generally known as symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Obstacles are included.
- a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASHRNSMIPS AAT (SEQ ID NO: 1)
- 1 to 3 amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 are deleted, added, substituted, or modified in the side chain (corresponding to unnatural amino acid, post-translationally modified amino acid, etc.)
- a peptide having an amino acid sequence modified by any one or more of the above is used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- the deletion includes not only a deletion at the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but also a deletion within the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the addition includes not only addition to the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but also addition to the inside of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, ie, insertion.
- the number of amino acids to be modified is usually 1 to 3, but preferably 1 or 2, more preferably 1. When the amino acid sequence is altered by a combination of two or more of deletion, addition, substitution or side chain modification, the number represents the total number of them.
- Such a deletion, addition (insertion), substitution, or side chain modification in the second embodiment is performed in SEQ ID NO: 2 included in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 unless the effect of the present invention is inhibited. It may be made in a portion of the amino acid sequence represented (HRGHQPPPEMA) or may be made in a portion other than the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- a peptide comprising a partial sequence of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, particularly a peptide comprising a partial sequence comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- HRGHQPPPEMA SEQ ID NO: 2
- the partial sequence is a partial amino acid sequence that is continuous among the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (that is, the entire amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is defined as “partial sequence”).
- Partial sequence can be prepared by excising at least one amino acid from the N-terminal and / or C-terminal side of the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the peptide consisting of such a partial sequence may be a peptide consisting only of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the peptide which consists of an amino acid sequence to which the same amino acid sequence as No. 1 was added may be sufficient.
- the peptide used in the third embodiment may overlap (synonymous with) the peptide used in the second embodiment.
- an amino acid sequence (length 34) in which a total of 1 to 3 amino acids at the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (length: 37 amino acids) used in the second embodiment are deleted.
- To 36 amino acids is an amino acid sequence (34 to 36 amino acids long) in which a total of 23 to 25 amino acids are added to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (11 amino acids long) And may overlap.
- the peptide used in the third embodiment can be defined as excluding the peptide used in the second embodiment. The same applies to the peptides used in the subsequent fourth embodiment.
- a partial sequence of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, particularly a partial sequence including the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (that is, a partial sequence defined in the third embodiment)
- a peptide having an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 2 amino acids are altered by any one or more of deletion, addition, substitution and side chain modification is used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- the deletion includes not only a deletion at the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of a partial sequence of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but also a deletion within the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the addition includes not only addition to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the partial sequence of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but also addition to the inside of the partial sequence, that is, insertion.
- the number of amino acids to be modified is usually 1 to 2, but preferably 1.
- the amino acid sequence is altered by a combination of two or more of deletion, addition, substitution or side chain modification, the number represents the total number of them.
- Such deletion, addition (insertion), substitution, or side chain modification in the fourth embodiment is performed in a portion of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (HRGHQPPPEMA) as long as the effect of the present invention is not inhibited. It may be made in a part other than the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and having a total of 1 to 50 amino acids added to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the amino acid sequence is Used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the invention.
- the number of amino acids to be added is usually 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 26 (the maximum total peptide length after addition is about 37 as with p3-Alc ⁇ 37), more The number is preferably 1 to 8 (the total length of the peptide after addition is the maximum, about 19 as with p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19]).
- the peptide used in the fifth embodiment may overlap (synonymous with) the peptide used in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (length 37 amino acids) used in the first embodiment is the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (length 11 amino acids: 9th to 19th positions of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Amino acid sequence in which 9 amino acids (the 1st to 8th amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1) and 18 amino acids (the 20th to 37th amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 1) are added to the C terminus I can say that.
- the peptide used in the fifth embodiment can be defined as excluding the peptide used in the first to fourth embodiments. The same applies to the peptides used in the subsequent sixth embodiment.
- a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence containing a total of 1 to 50 amino acids added to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the modified amino acid sequence is used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- the deletion includes not only a deletion at the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, but also a deletion within the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the addition is to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (in this case, the addition of “1 to 2” amino acids described in the first half of the definition of the sixth embodiment)
- the addition of “1 to 50 amino acids” described later in this specification may be further made.
- addition to the inside of the partial sequence that is, insertion is also included.
- the number of amino acids further added to the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the modified amino acid sequence is usually 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 26 (the total length of the peptide after the addition is The maximum number is 37, which is the same as p3-Alc ⁇ 37.
- a person skilled in the art will select a peptide having the effect of treating cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein from among the peptides consisting of the amino acid sequences defined in the second to sixth embodiments and use it in the present invention. This can be done without undue trial and error.
- the peptides used in the first to sixth embodiments can be produced by a known method, and the production method is not particularly limited.
- a peptide having a desired amino acid sequence can be prepared by sequentially binding amino acids using the Fmoc-peptide solid phase synthesis method commonly used as a peptide synthesis method.
- the therapeutic agent according to the present invention as described above or the predetermined peptide contained therein is preferably used as an active ingredient of the therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention as described below.
- embodiments of the therapeutic agent according to the present invention or the predetermined peptide contained therein are not limited to use in such a therapeutic agent (pharmaceutical), for example, treatment for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein
- a therapeutic agent pharmaceutical
- the human or non-human mammal that developed the cognitive impairment, or a model animal thereof eg, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, goat, cat, dog, pig, monkey
- a model animal eg, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, goat, cat, dog, pig, monkey
- the therapeutic agent according to the present invention is prepared as consisting of only a predetermined peptide as its active ingredient, and is administered or dissolved in an appropriate solvent (for example, artificial cerebrospinal fluid) alone or in a state where the peptide is dissolved. It may be added, or it may be administered or added after preparing a dosage form according to the therapeutic agent described below.
- an appropriate solvent for example, artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- the therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention contains the therapeutic agent according to the present invention as described above, and optionally, a pharmaceutical preparation according to the active ingredient other than the therapeutic agent of the present invention (predetermined peptide) and the dosage form. May contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, other pharmaceutical additives used in general pharmaceuticals, and the like. That is, the therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention can be prepared as a pharmaceutical composition containing such components.
- the dosage forms of therapeutic agents include, for example, tablets, capsules, soft capsules, granules, powders, fine granules, (dry) syrups, solutions, suspensions and the like, as well as subcutaneous, It is possible to select from dosage forms for parenteral administration such as injections for intramuscular or intravenous administration, drops, suppositories, and nasal administration.
- a pharmaceutical composition of such a dosage form can be produced by a general production method.
- additives such as excipients, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, suspending agents, tonicity agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, fragrances, coloring agents, etc. It can manufacture by mixing said active ingredient with a conventional method and shape
- cellulose derivatives for example, crystalline cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone dextrin
- starch lactose
- mannitol sorbitol
- vegetable oils for example, corn oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil
- Almond oil olive oil, peanut oil, etc.
- oily esters such as medium chain fatty acid glyceride oil, mineral oil, glycerin esters such as tricaprylin and triacetin
- alcohols such as ethanol, physiological saline, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, Animal fats and oils, petrolatum and the like can be mentioned.
- ampules are prepared by dissolving the above active ingredients in an appropriate diluent (physiological saline, glucose injection, lactose injection, mannitol injection, etc.) and sterilizing by filtration sterilization.
- an appropriate diluent physiological saline, glucose injection, lactose injection, mannitol injection, etc.
- it can also be manufactured as a powder injection mixed with sodium chloride or an injection in a lyophilized form based on the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
- adjuvants such as polyethylene glycol and surfactants, and carriers such as ethanol, liposomes, and cyclodextrins can be used.
- the content of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition may be adjusted within an appropriate range, but is usually 0.05 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. More preferably, the amount is 0.1 to 50% by weight.
- the therapeutic agents as described above can be used to treat cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein.
- the therapeutic agents as described above can also be used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
- the method for treating cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein according to the present invention is a mammal (human or non-human mammal) or a model animal (mammal other than human) that has developed cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein. ).
- the method for treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention includes a step of administering to a mammal (excluding human) suffering from Alzheimer's disease or a model animal thereof.
- the cognitive impairment induced by the amyloid ⁇ protein that is the target of the therapeutic agent according to the present invention typically refers to symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease, but symptoms associated with diseases that have not been diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease or mild Symptoms may be in preclinical subjects, including cognitive impairment (MCI), or in model animals.
- a model animal of cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein can be prepared using a known technique. For example, a transgenic mouse that excessively expresses amyloid ⁇ protein and a mouse administered with artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which amyloid ⁇ protein is dissolved can be used as such a model animal.
- Treatment for therapeutic agents and therapeutic agents includes therapeutic treatments and prophylactic treatments.
- the effects of treatment include prevention of disease onset or recurrence, alleviation of symptoms, suppression of disease progression, alleviation or alleviation of symptoms, recovery, and the like.
- the degree of the effect is not particularly limited, and can be evaluated by a known technique related to cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid ⁇ protein.
- the administration method of the therapeutic agent or therapeutic agent according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect can be obtained.
- an administration method capable of delivering a predetermined peptide as an active ingredient to the cerebral ventricle where the amyloid ⁇ protein accumulates is used.
- an addition method in which a predetermined peptide is added to a cell culture solution and contacted with cultured nerve cells or the like is used.
- a viral vector for example, recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) that can cross the blood brain barrier can be used. It is known to express genes in the central nervous system and glial cell line using AAV9 vectors administered in blood. Furthermore, if neuronal cell-specific expression of p3-Alc ⁇ 37 is required, it is possible to use AAV9 in which a promoter region of, for example, a synapsin I gene is incorporated into a viral vector.
- AAV9 recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9
- p3-Alc ⁇ 37 In order to express and secrete p3-Alc ⁇ 37 in cells, for example, a precursor peptide sequence cleaved at the ⁇ -cleavage site of Alcadein ⁇ linked to the 19 peptide peptide sequence of Alcadein ⁇ is expressed. After expression in cells, this precursor peptide is cleaved by signal peptidase, cleaved by gamma secretase proceeds from ⁇ site to ⁇ site, and p3-Alc ⁇ 37 consisting of 37 amino acids is secreted (Piao et al, PLoS One 8, e62431, 2013).
- a method for expressing and secreting the peptide known methods other than this method such as a method using a gene encoding 37 amino acids cleaved at the ⁇ site from the beginning can be used, and the efficiency of expression and secretion can be increased.
- p3-Alc ⁇ 37 By using a method of introducing a viral vector into blood, p3-Alc ⁇ 37 can be introduced noninvasively into the central nervous system, and the therapeutic effect can be assayed by a known method.
- the dose of the therapeutic agent that is, the amount of active ingredient per administration and the frequency (frequency) of administration are appropriate, taking into account the purpose, age of the subject, body weight, severity of the disease, route of administration, pharmacokinetics, etc. It is sufficient to adjust within this range.
- the predetermined peptide in the present invention can also be used in the pathological analysis method for cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid ⁇ protein. That is, the pathological condition analysis method for cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein according to the present invention uses a predetermined peptide used in the present invention for a mammal (human or other than human) that has developed cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein. A mammal) or a model animal thereof (a mammal other than a human), or a step of adding to a cultured nerve cell or a biomolecule expressed in the nerve cell as the model cell.
- the predetermined peptide used in the present invention is administered to a mammal (human or non-human mammal) suffering from Alzheimer's disease or a model animal thereof (mammal other than human). Or adding to a cultured nerve cell as a model cell or a biomolecule expressed in the nerve cell.
- biomolecules expressed in nerve cells include proteins such as receptors expressed on the cell surface and proteins related to signal transduction expressed in the cytoplasm.
- the model cell reproduces a pathological condition such as cognitive impairment induced by amyloid ⁇ protein or degeneration that occurs in nerve cells (neurons, etc.) due to Alzheimer's disease. It can be prepared from cultured nerve cells derived from mammals.
- ICR mice (6-7 weeks old) were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg / kg) and xylazine (40 mg / kg) and placed on a stereotaxic apparatus. After removing the scalp, a small hole was made in the skull on the lateral ventricle, and a guide cannula (23 gage) ⁇ ⁇ was implanted bilaterally at a position of ⁇ 1.0 mm laterally from the bregma and 0.65 mm. The guide cannula was fixed with a dental resin. After a period of 4-5 days as a recovery period from the operation, the habituation was allowed to move freely for 10 minutes in order to get used to the environment of the test cage (39 cm x 22 cm). This was continued for 3 days.
- artificial cerebrospinal fluid control
- artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer was dissolved 1 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer and 10 ⁇ M via the guide cannula embedded in the head
- One of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid mixed with p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide or a partial peptide thereof was administered bilaterally into the lateral ventricle (3.5 ⁇ l / side) with an injection cannula (30 gage, 1.7 mm from the camphor surface).
- mice in each group were identified using an identification index.
- the identification index [discrimination index] is set as ([search time for new object] ⁇ [search time for known object]) / ([search time for new object] + [search time for known object]). If the new object and the known object cannot be distinguished from each other, the identification index is 0. If the time for searching for a new object is longer than the known object, the identification index is positive. When the mouse showed a new object, it showed no interest over time (no search action for the new object was shown), so the search time and identification index were calculated from the action for 5 minutes after entering the test cage.
- the experimental method was the same as described above except for the following two points. (1) Either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which 10 ⁇ M p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide was dissolved was administered to the camphor chamber. (2) One and a half hours after administration of camphoric chamber (ie, 30 minutes before entering the test cage), (+)-MK-801 maleate (2 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally, and NMDA receptor-dependent Induced memory impairment.
- the composition of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid is NaCl 137 mM, KCl 3 mM, MgCl 2 1 mM, CaCl 2 1.2 mM, glucose 2.5 mM, sodium phosphate buffer 2 mM (pH 7.4).
- the amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer was produced according to the past literature (Balducci et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 2295-2300, 2010).
- the amyloid ⁇ protein stock solution (300 ⁇ M) was dissolved in 0.02% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, stored at ⁇ 25 ° C., and used within one month.
- the mixed solution of oligomer and p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide or its partial peptide is prepared according to the above procedure, but when diluting the incubated 100 ⁇ M amyloid ⁇ protein oligomer to 1 ⁇ M, p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide Alternatively, the partial peptide was also added to make the final concentration 10 ⁇ M.
- amyloid- ⁇ 42 DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA p3-Alc ⁇ 37: VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19]: VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMA p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37]: GHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT p3-Alc ⁇ [1-11]: VLSSQQFLHRG p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19]: HRGHQPPPEMA
- the peptides used were obtained from: amyloid- ⁇ 42 (Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University), p3-Alc ⁇ 37 (Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University), p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19] (Genemed Synthesis , and Peptide Institute), p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37] (Genemed Synthesis , and Peptide Institute), p3-
- FIG. 2 the memory acquisition capability of each group is represented using an identification index.
- a significant decrease in the identification index was observed in the oligomer administration group (Fig. 2, P ⁇ 0.01, Tukey test).
- a significant increase in the identification index was observed in the oligomer / p3-Alc ⁇ 37 mixed solution administration group compared to the oligomer administration group (FIG. 2, P ⁇ 0.01, Tukey test).
- NMDA receptors are essential for memory and learning.
- NMDA receptor gene knockout (Rampon et al, Nat Neurosci 3, 238-244, 2000) and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK-801 were administered.
- de Lima et al Behav Brain Res 156, 139-143, 2005
- the p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide improves memory impairment due to amyloid ⁇ protein oligomers, but cannot improve memory impairment due to NMDA receptor inhibition. This indicates that this p3-Alc ⁇ 37 peptide acts relatively selectively on amyloid ⁇ protein and improves memory impairment.
- mice P> 0.05, paired t-test). Therefore, the p3-Alc ⁇ 37 [1-19] peptide was further fragmented, and the 1-11th partial peptide (p3-Alc ⁇ 37 [1-11], FIG. 4A) and the 9th-19th partial peptide (p3-Alc ⁇ 37) [9-19], Fig. 4A). As a result, the memory capacity of the oligomer / p3-Alc ⁇ 37 [1-11] remains impaired (FIG.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 p3-Alc ⁇ 37
- Sequence number 2 p3-Alc ⁇ [9-19] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 9-19)
- Sequence number 3 p3-Alc ⁇ [1-11] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 1-11)
- SEQ ID NO: 4 p3-Alc ⁇ [1-19] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 1-19)
- SEQ ID NO: 5 p3-Alc ⁇ [20-37] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 20-37)
- SEQ ID NO: 6 amyloid- ⁇ 42
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Abstract
Description
VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPS
AAT (配列番号1)
(II)配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して1~3個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
HRGHQPPPEMA (配列番号2)
(IV)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の部分配列に対して、1~2個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
本発明に係るアミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療剤は、下記第1~第6実施形態を包含する。
VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPS
AAT (配列番号1)
第2実施形態では、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して1~3個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾(非天然アミノ酸、翻訳後修飾アミノ酸などに相当)のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、本発明の治療剤の有効成分として用いる。欠失は、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のN末端および/またはC末端における欠失だけでなく、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の内部での欠失も包含する。付加は、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のN末端および/またはC末端への付加だけでなく、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の内部への付加、すなわち挿入も包含する。第2実施形態において、改変されるアミノ酸の数は通常1~3個であるが、好ましくは1または2個、より好ましくは1個である。欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾のうち二種以上の組み合わせによってアミノ酸配列が改変されている場合、前記個数はそれらの合計の個数を表す。このような第2実施形態における欠失、付加(挿入)、置換または側鎖の修飾は、本発明の作用効果を阻害しない限り、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列に含まれる配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の部分(HRGHQPPPEMA)においてなされていてもよいし、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列以外の部分においてなされていてもよい。
HRGHQPPPEMA (配列番号2)
ここで、部分配列とは、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のうちの連続する一部のアミノ酸配列であり(つまり配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の全部は「部分配列」の定義には包含されない)、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドのN末端および/またはC末端側から少なくとも1個のアミノ酸を切除することにより作製することができる。このような部分配列からなるペプチドは、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列のみからなるペプチドであってもよいし、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列のN末端および/またはC末端に、配列番号1と同様のアミノ酸配列が付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであってもよい。
本発明に係るアルツハイマー病治療薬は、上述したような本発明に係る治療剤を含有し、さらに任意で、本発明の治療剤(所定のペプチド)以外の有効成分、剤形に応じた製薬学的に許容される担体、その他一般的な医薬品に用いられている製薬学的添加物などを含有していてもよい。すなわち、本発明に係るアルツハイマー病治療薬は、そのような成分を含有する医薬組成物として調製することができる。
上述したような治療剤は、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害を治療するために使用することができる。また、上述したような治療薬は、アルツハイマー病を治療するために使用することができる。
本発明における所定のペプチド、すなわち前述したような第1~第6実施形態において用いられるペプチドは、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害またはアルツハイマー病の病態解析方法において使用することもできる。すなわち、本発明に係るアミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の病態解析方法は、本発明で用いられる所定のペプチドを、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害を発症した哺乳類(ヒトまたはヒト以外の哺乳類)またはそのモデル動物(ヒト以外の哺乳類)に投与するステップ、あるいはそのモデル細胞としての培養神経細胞または神経細胞に発現している生体分子に添加するステップを含む。また、本発明に係るアルツハイマー病の病態解析方法は、本発明で用いられる所定のペプチドを、アルツハイマー病に罹患した哺乳類(ヒトまたはヒト以外の哺乳類)またはそのモデル動物(ヒト以外の哺乳類)に投与するステップ、あるいはそのモデル細胞としての培養神経細胞または神経細胞に発現している生体分子に添加するステップを含む。
アミロイドβ蛋白質オリゴマー体投与による記憶障害マウスモデルの作製、および新規物体認識試験 (novel object recognition test) による記憶獲得能力の評価は、過去の論文に従っておこなった (Balducci et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 2295-2300, 2010)。
amyloid-β42:DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
p3-Alcβ37: VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT
p3-Alcβ[1-19]: VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMA
p3-Alcβ[20-37]: GHSLASSHRNSMIPSAAT
p3-Alcβ[1-11]: VLSSQQFLHRG
p3-Alcβ[9-19]: HRGHQPPPEMA
加えて、使用したペプチドはそれぞれ以下から入手した: amyloid-β42 (Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University), p3-Alcβ37 (Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University), p3-Alcβ[1-19] (Genemed Synthesis, and Peptide Institute), p3-Alcβ[20-37] (Genemed Synthesis, and Peptide Institute), p3-Alcβ[1-11] (Peptide Institute), p3-Alcβ[9-19] (Peptide Institute)。
人工脳脊髄液を投与したマウスでは、既知物体Aの探索時間より、新規物体Bの探索時間が有意に長かった (図1A, n = 11 mice, P < 0.01, paired t-test)。すなわち、正常に記憶が獲得されていた。一方で、アミロイドβ蛋白質オリゴマー体を投与したマウスでは、既知物体Aと新規物体Bの探索時間がほぼ同じであった (図1B,n = 20 mice, P > 0.05, paired t-test)。すなわち、記憶獲得が完全に障害されているのが分かった。さらに我々は、アミロイドβ蛋白質オリゴマー体に加えてp3-Alcβ37ペプチドを混合投与したマウスでは、記憶能力が顕著に回復していることを見出した (図1C,n = 14 mice, P < 0.01, paired t-test)。図2では、識別指標を用いて各グループの記憶獲得能力を表わしている。人工脳脊髄液投与群と比較してオリゴマー体投与群では、識別指標の有意な低下が観察された (図2,P < 0.01, Tukey test)。オリゴマー体投与群と比較してオリゴマー体/p3-Alcβ37混合液投与群では、識別指標の有意な上昇が観察された (図2,P < 0.01, Tukey test)。さらに、人工脳脊髄液投与群とオリゴマー体/p3-Alcβ37投与群では、識別指標の有意な差は見られなかった (図2,P > 0.05, Tukey test)。これらの結果は、アミロイドβ蛋白質オリゴマー体により誘発される記憶障害は、p3-Alcβ37ペプチドの脳内投与により劇的に改善されることを示している。
配列番号2:p3-Alcβ[9-19] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 9-19)
配列番号3:p3-Alcβ[1-11] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 1-11)
配列番号4:p3-Alcβ[1-19] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 1-19)
配列番号5:p3-Alcβ[20-37] / a part of p3-Alc beta 37 (position 20-37)
配列番号6:amyloid-β42
Claims (6)
- 下記(I)~(VI)のいずれかに該当するペプチドを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療剤。
(I)配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
VLSSQQFLHRGHQPPPEMAGHSLASSHRNSM
IPSAAT (配列番号1)
(II)配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して1~3個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
(III)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の部分配列からなるペプチド。
HRGHQPPPEMA (配列番号2)
(IV)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の部分配列に対して、1~2個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加、置換または側鎖の修飾のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。
(V)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、当該アミノ酸配列のN末端および/またはC末端に合計で1~50個のアミノ酸が付加されたアミノ酸配列(ただし、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列の全部または一部と一致する場合を除く。)からなるペプチド。
(VI)配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列に対して、1~2個のアミノ酸が、欠失、付加(N末端および/またはC末端に対する付加を除く。)、置換または側鎖の修飾のいずれか一種以上により改変されたアミノ酸配列を含み、当該改変されたアミノ酸配列のN末端および/またはC末端に合計で1~50個のアミノ酸が付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド。 - 請求項1に記載の治療剤を含有する、アルツハイマー病治療薬。
- 請求項1に記載の治療剤を、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害を発症した哺乳類(ヒトを除く)またはそのモデル動物に投与するステップを含むことを特徴とする、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療方法。
- 請求項2に記載の治療薬を、アルツハイマー病に罹患した哺乳類(ヒトを除く)またはそのモデル動物に投与するステップを含むことを特徴とする、アルツハイマー病の治療方法。
- 前記(I)~(VI)のいずれかに該当するペプチドを、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害を発症した哺乳類(ヒトを除く)またはそのモデル動物に投与するステップ、あるいはそのモデル細胞としての培養神経細胞または神経細胞に発現している生体分子に添加するステップを含むことを特徴とする、アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の病態解析方法。
- 前記(I)~(VI)のいずれかに該当するペプチドを、アルツハイマー病に罹患した哺乳類(ヒトを除く)またはそのモデル動物に投与するステップ、あるいはそのモデル細胞としての培養神経細胞または神経細胞に発現している生体分子に添加するステップを含むことを特徴とする、アルツハイマー病の病態解析方法。
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WO2016060190A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘発される認知障害の治療剤 |
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EP2987496A4 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
EP2987496A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
US20160067306A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
JPWO2014171434A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US10206979B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
JP6319912B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
EP2987496B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
US20180036372A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
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