WO2014169709A1 - 风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法 - Google Patents

风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014169709A1
WO2014169709A1 PCT/CN2014/000421 CN2014000421W WO2014169709A1 WO 2014169709 A1 WO2014169709 A1 WO 2014169709A1 CN 2014000421 W CN2014000421 W CN 2014000421W WO 2014169709 A1 WO2014169709 A1 WO 2014169709A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
substation
station
voltage reference
reference value
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2014/000421
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪宁渤
刘文颖
靳丹
王佳明
马彦宏
梁才
赵龙
李亚龙
周强
文晶
黄蓉
葛润东
李津
徐鹏
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North China Electric Power University
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of State Grid Gansu Provincial Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
North China Electric Power University
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of State Grid Gansu Provincial Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Application filed by North China Electric Power University, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd, Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd, Wind Power Technology Center of State Grid Gansu Provincial Electric Power Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical North China Electric Power University
Priority to US14/655,235 priority Critical patent/US9906030B2/en
Publication of WO2014169709A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014169709A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/18—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the remotely-controlled equipment, e.g. converters or transformers
    • H02J13/333—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the remotely-controlled equipment, e.g. converters or transformers the equipment forming part of substations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/40—Hybrid power plants, i.e. a plurality of different generation technologies being operated at one power plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/16—Electric power substations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wind power and photoelectric grid-connected control, and particularly relates to a reactive voltage optimization control method for wind power and photovoltaic centralized grid-connected.
  • the reactive voltage optimization control does not consider the influence of large-scale wind/photovoltaic grid-connected grid voltage. It is necessary to establish a reactive voltage optimization control mode that adapts to large-scale wind/photovoltaic centralized grid-connected.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a reactive voltage optimization control method for wind power and photovoltaic concentrated grid connection, which is used for solving the influence of randomness and volatility of large-scale wind/photovoltaic grid-connected grid on grid voltage, so as to improve the grid.
  • the quality of the operation of the voltage is to provide a reactive voltage optimization control method for wind power and photovoltaic concentrated grid connection, which is used for solving the influence of randomness and volatility of large-scale wind/photovoltaic grid-connected grid on grid voltage, so as to improve the grid.
  • the technical solution proposed by the present invention is a reactive voltage optimization control method for wind power and photovoltaic concentrated grid connection, characterized in that the method comprises:
  • Step 1 Set an execution station for controlling a single wind farm/optical electric field at a collection point of a single wind farm/optical electric field, and set a substation for controlling the execution station at a cluster interconnection point of the wind farm/optical electric field, for setting For controlling the primary stations of all substations;
  • Step 2 The primary station collects the power data of each wind farm/optical electric field through the substation and the execution station, and calculates the set voltage reference value u ref f of each substation according to the collected data;
  • Step 3 adopts the 3 ⁇ method
  • the set voltage reference value ref is processed to obtain the set voltage reference value interval rej f - mm . , ? u rej f - m ax 1 J
  • Step 5 If the substation high voltage side bus voltage does not fall within the set voltage reference interval
  • the device in the wind farm/optical electric field is adjusted by the execution station; in particular, when the voltage needs to be reduced, the input of the capacitive compensation device is reduced and/or the input of the inductive compensation device is increased. When the voltage needs to be increased, the input of the capacitive compensation device is increased and/or the input of the inductive compensation device is reduced.
  • the step 3 is specifically: Step 101:
  • the set voltage reference value is taken as a mathematical expectation ⁇ , that is, ⁇ ⁇ ;
  • Step 102 Calculating the reactive voltage control sensitivity S of the substation, and the calculation formula is
  • Step 103 Determine the minimum adjustable device capacity value mi" of each sub-station;
  • Step 104 Calculate the calculation according to the formula ⁇ min For the variance difference, ⁇ L ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ]" will be used as the setting 3 ⁇ 4 pressure reference value interval.
  • the control method provided by the invention comprehensively considers the influence of frequent power fluctuations on the reactive voltage optimization control after the large-scale wind/optical centralized access system, and performs hierarchical control through the whole network optimization, and the voltage reference value adopts 3 ⁇
  • the method is processed so that the optimized control mode can adapt to the frequent fluctuations of the wind/optical electric field voltage, increase the feasibility of implementing the control, and provide guidance for the actual operating power system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-level optimization control system adapted to large-scale wind power/photovoltaic centralized grid connection;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reactive power optimization function
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of reactive voltage three optimization control mode
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a regional power system with a large-scale wind/photovoltaic base
  • Figure 5 is a three-level reactive voltage control structure diagram with a large-scale wind/photovoltaic base.
  • the reactive voltage optimization control method for wind power and photovoltaic concentrated grid connection comprises:
  • Step 1 Set an execution station for controlling a single wind farm/optical electric field at a collection point of a single wind farm/optical electric field, and set a substation for controlling the execution station at a cluster grid point of the wind farm/optical electric field, set for Control the primary station of all substations.
  • the primary station can be virtualized to complete the goal of reactive power optimization of the whole network; the secondary station is installed at the grid of the wind/optical electric field cluster to complete the secondary voltage control; and the execution station is installed at the single wind/optical electric field gathering point. , complete the first level voltage control.
  • the specific structure of the three-level optimization control system that adapts to large-scale wind power/photovoltaic centralized grid connection is shown in Figure 1.
  • Step 2 The primary station collects the power data of each wind farm/optical electric field through the substation and the execution station, and according to the acquisition
  • the data calculates the set voltage reference ref for each substation.
  • the network loss is the minimum distribution of the target.
  • the process of calculating the " f " of the main station includes power flow calculation, state estimation, and optimization calculation.
  • the real-time data used in the calculation is provided by the SCADA system.
  • the SCADA system collects and processes the real-time data of the power grid for remote calculation, state estimation and optimization. Calculate, so as to extract u ref f .
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the reactive power optimization function system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the reactive voltage three-level optimization control mode.
  • Step 3 Using the 3 ⁇ method to process the set voltage reference value ref , get the setting Voltage reference interval rej f - mi .n , rej f - m ax JI Firstly, it is considered that the small fluctuation of the voltage conforms to the normal distribution law, based on the normal distribution 3 (7 method, and the execution interval [ ⁇ -3 ⁇ , + 3 ⁇ ] with a confidence of 99% is obtained. In this interval, the voltage fluctuation is considered to be small, not Voltage optimization adjustment is required, and the optimization is adjusted beyond this range.
  • Step 101 Setting the voltage reference value
  • Step 102 Using the formula: Calculate the reactive voltage control sensitivity of the substation, where
  • Qe and 2 are Jacobian matrices, respectively.
  • Jacob Jpe of the elements together to form columns of the Jacobian matrix Jpv to the A corpse / ⁇ column elements together to form a matrix ratio
  • JQ () is the ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 6) together to form a column of elements of the Jacobian matrix
  • a column Jacobian matrix, ⁇ , ⁇ , and is formed together with the ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ are elements of the sub-stations active micro-increments, reactive micro-increments, micro-voltage phase angle Incremental and amplitude microincrement.
  • the elements in the Jacobian matrix are determined by the network structure itself. When the network parameters and topology of the specific grid are known, the node voltage method can be used.
  • step! 03 Determine the capacity value of the smallest adjustable device of ⁇ substations.
  • Each substation in the actual power grid is equipped with different reactive power compensation devices, among which the capacitors and other devices are step-adjusted, with fixed capacity and adjustable mode.
  • m' refers to the capacity of the smallest device that can be adjusted in a substation.
  • the main station can summon the reactive power compensation device details of each substation through the SCADA system software. Interest, thus obtaining a 2 min value.
  • step 3 the method refers to: In a normal distribution that assumes mathematical expectation, ⁇ is the standard deviation, the probability density function that conforms to the normal distribution falls within the interval where the center is 3 ⁇ is the length, and the probability is greater than 99.7%. Therefore, the method of using ⁇ as the center and 3 ⁇ as the length to approximate the probability density distribution of the whole normal function is abbreviated as 3 ⁇ "method.
  • the voltage running fluctuation is considered to be the positive distribution with ⁇ as the standard deviation. Regularity, the probability that the operating voltage falls within this interval is greater than 99.7%. This interval can be used as the voltage reference value interval instead of the voltage reference value.
  • step 3 when the voltage needs to be reduced, the input of the capacitive compensation device is reduced and/or Increasing the input of the inductive compensation device; when the voltage needs to be increased, the input of the capacitive compensation device is increased and/or the input of the inductive compensation device is reduced; wherein the voltage is judged according to whether the substation voltage falls in [ ⁇ 3 ⁇ , ⁇ Within the + 3 ⁇ ] interval, if it falls within, no adjustment is needed; otherwise, when the substation voltage is greater than ⁇ +3 ⁇ , the voltage needs to be reduced. When the substation voltage is less than _ 3 ⁇ , the voltage needs to be increased.
  • Step 4 Adjust the high voltage side bus voltage of the substation so that it falls within the set voltage reference interval
  • the substation is adjusted to local adjustment, and the types of adjustment methods can be various. One of them is to select the order of the action of the device according to the response time of the reactive power compensation device.
  • the adjusted object is SVG (static var generator), SVC (stationary Reactive power compensation device), reactive power compensation device such as capacitor reactor.
  • the substation adjustment is a continuous cycle process, in which a discontinuity can be set in the middle, ie if the voltage is qualified (ie the substation high side bus voltage falls in the region ref ' mm , re _ m aX ”) or the reactive power compensation device is exhausted , then stop the adjustment.
  • step 4 adjusting the substation voltage is realized by adjusting the substation's own reactive power compensation device.
  • the specific process of adjusting the substation voltage can be performed according to the substation reactive power compensation device adjustment strategy, and the strategy can be based on actual conditions.
  • various types such as according to the speed of the reactive power compensation device to develop a sub-station adjustment strategy to first adjust the SVC, secondly adjust the capacitive reactor, and finally adjust the transformer tap;
  • Step 5 If the substation high voltage side bus voltage does not fall within the set voltage reference interval In L re ⁇ mm ' / - max", the device in the wind farm/optical electric field is adjusted by the execution station; in particular, when the voltage needs to be reduced, the input of the capacitive compensation device is reduced and/or the inductive compensation device is increased. Input; when the voltage needs to be increased, the input of the capacitive compensation device is increased and/or the input of the inductive compensation device is reduced.
  • the substation adjustment measures are used, but the voltage is still out of the range re _m, n re " max J , the substation performs the station to the lower level to perform the primary voltage regulation.
  • the control equipment includes the capacitive reactance, svc (static reactive power compensation device) /SVG (Static Reactive Generator) and wind/photoelectric generator self-regulating system.
  • Capacitance reactance, SVC (static reactive power compensation device) / SVG (static var generator) and wind / photovoltaic generator self-regulating system Each has a control interface for receiving commands. When one of them receives the adjustment command (target voltage value), it can be adjusted according to the high-low voltage of the high-voltage side of the sub-station. The specific adjustment process is when the actual voltage value is higher than the target voltage value. Input of capacitive compensation equipment or increase of input of inductive compensation equipment, and vice versa. Adjust to the difference between the actual voltage value and the target voltage value is less than the set threshold value, stop the adjustment or until all the adjustment equipment capacity is exhausted until.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a regional power system with a large + 3 ⁇ 4 mode wind/photovoltaic base.
  • the reactive voltage optimization control method provided by the present invention includes:
  • Step 1 According to the actual grid structure shown in Figure 4, a three-level reactive power optimization control system is established, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Step 2 Reactive power optimization calculation on the whole network.
  • the large-scale wind / photoelectric network reactive power optimization optimization control main station
  • Step 3 Process by 3 ⁇ method. Based on the power flow calculation result of step 2, calculate the reactive voltage sensitivity coefficient SS 9 of 9 substations, and then calculate the minimum adjustable reactive power compensation device Q m , nl - Q min9 of each substation to calculate ⁇ ⁇ - 9 , and finally Get the voltage regulation control interval of each of the 9 substations
  • Step 4 Secondary voltage regulation.
  • the set reference value interval is used as the control target.
  • the substation adjustment is performed until the voltage range is satisfied.
  • Substation voltage Step 5 - Level control. When the substation adjustment is used but the voltage is still outside the interval [U e f " mm ⁇ , U r
  • the substation executes the station to the lower level to perform the first-level voltage regulation, that is, the device is regulated by the execution station.
  • Regulatory equipment includes capacitive reactance, SVC (Static Reactive Power Compensation) / SVG (Static Reactive Generator) and wind / photovoltaic generator self-regulating system.
  • This method overcomes the problem that the voltage regulation reference value is fixed in the traditional reactive power optimization control mode, so that it can adapt to the situation that the system voltage frequently fluctuates when the large-scale wind/photovoltaic is integrated into the power grid. At the same time, the number of times the reactive compensation device adjusts the action is reduced. Provide guidance for the optimal operation of the grid for large-scale wind/photovoltaic centralized access.

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Abstract

本发明公开了风电和光电并网控制技术领域中的一种风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法。包括：设置用于控制单个风电场/光电场的执行站，设置用于控制执行站的子站，设置用于控制所有子站的主站；主站计算每个子站的设定电压参考值Uref；采用3σ法处理设定电压参考值Uref，得到设定电压参考值区间；调节子站高压侧母线电压，以使其落入设定电压参考值区间中；如果子站高压侧母线电压未落入设定电压参考值区间中，则通过执行站调节风电场/光电场中的设备。本发明为实际运行的电力系统提供了指导。

Description

风电和光电集中并网的无功电压犹化控淛方法 技术领域
本发明属于风电和光电并网控制技术领域， 尤其涉及一种风电和光电集中并网的 无功电压优化控制方法。
背景技术
为改善能源结构， 加强环保建设， 大规模风 /光发电基地陆续建成， 形成了风 /光 电集中并网的运行模式。 风 /光电场集群化、 规模化加剧了风 /光电不稳定性对电网电 压的影响， 导致电压频繁波动， 给无功电压优化控制层次衔接带来困难。 因此建立一 种适应大规模风 /光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制模式具有重要意义。
目前， 无功电压优化控制均没考虑大规模风 /光电集中并网对电网电压的影响， 需 要建立一种适应大规模风 /光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制模式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于， 提出一种风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法， 用 于解决大规模风 /光电集中并网的随机性和波动性对电网电压造成的影响，以提高电网 电压的运行质量。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明提出的技术方案是， 一种风电和光电集中并网的无功 电压优化控制方法， 其特征是所述方法包括：
歩骤 1 : 在单个风电场 /光电场的汇集点设置用于控制单个风电场 /光电场的执行 站， 在风电场 /光电场的集群并网点设置用于控制执行站的子站， 设置用于控制所有子 站的主站；
步骤 2 : 主站通过子站和执行站采集每个风电场 /光电场的电力数据， 并根据采集 的数据计算每个子站的设定电压参考值 u ref f ； 歩骤 3 : 采用 3 σ法处理设定电压参考值 ref ， 得到设定电压参考值区间 rej f - m m . ,?u rej f - m ax 1 J 步骤 4 : 调节子站高压侧母线电压， 以使其落入设定电压参考值区间 rej - m in ? re/—m ax」
中； 步骤 5： 如果子站高压侧母线 电压未落入设定 电压参考值区 间
L re _mln ' /- max」中， 则通过执行站调节风电场 /光电场中的设备； 具体是， 当需要降低电压时， 则减少容性补偿设备的投入和 /或增加感性补偿设备的投入； 当需 要提高电压时， 则增加容性补偿设备的投入和 /或减少感性补偿设备的投入。
所述步骤 3具体是： 步骤 101: 将设定电压参考值 作为数学期望 ^， 即令 ^— ^^^；
骤 102： 计算子站 的无功 电压控制灵敏度 S ， 其计算公式为
S 、
Figure imgf000004_0001
JPV、 和 分别为雅各比 矩阵， ^为将 ΔΡ / Δ^的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， ^尸 为将 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， θ为将 Δδ/Δ6>的元素列在一起形成的雅各 比矩阵， 为将 Δ2/Δ 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， △ 、 Q > Δ^和 Δ 分别为子站的有功微增量、 无功微增量、 电压相角微增量及幅值微增量； 步骤 103: 确定每个子站的最小可调节设备的容量值 mi"； 步骤 104: 根据公式 ^min 计计算算方方差差 ，， 将将^ L^一 ，^^，^ ~^^]」作 为设定 ¾压参考值区间。
本发明提供的控制方法， 综合考虑了大规模风 /光电集中接入系统后， 电源频繁波 动对无功电压优化控制的影响， 通过全网优化进行分层控制， 同时电压参考值的采用 3σ法进行处理， 使得优化控制模式能适应风 /光电场电压频繁波动的特点， 增加实施 控制可行性， 为实际运行的电力系统提供指导。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述， 并且， 部分地从说明书中变 得显而易见， 或者通过实施本发明而了解。 本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的 说明书、 权利要求书、 以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
下面通过附图和实施例， 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明 附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 并且构成说明书的一部分， 与本发明的实 施例一起用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中：
图 1是适应于大规模风电 /光电集中并网的三级优化控制体系示意图；
图 2是无功优化功能结构示意图；
图 3无功电压三 优化控制模式示意图；
图 4是一个含大规模风 /光电基地的区域电力系统示意图；
图 5是一个含大规模风 /光电基地的三级无功电压控制结构图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明， 应当理解， 此处所描述的优选实 施例仅用于说明和解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
实施例 1
本发明提供的风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法包括：
步骤 1 : 在单个风电场 /光电场的汇集点设置用于控制单个风电场 /光电场的执行 站， 在风电场 /光电场的集群并网点设置用于控制执行站的子站， 设置用于控制所有子 站的主站。
在本发明中， 主站可虚设， 完成全网无功优化的目标； 子站装设在风 /光电场集群 并网点，完成二级电压控制；执行站装设在单个风 /光电场汇集点，完成一级电压控制。 适应与大规模风电 /光电集中并网的三级优化控制体系具体结构如图 1所示。
步骤 2 : 主站通过子站和执行站采集每个风电场 /光电场的电力数据， 并根据采集
U f
的数据计算每个子站的设定电压参考值 ref 。
以牛拉法潮流计算作为基础， 进行状态估计， 利用改进微分进化算法计算以全网
U
网损最小为目标的最 潮流分布。 其中， 主站计算 "f 的过程包括潮流计算、 状态 估计、 优化计算。 计算所用实时数据由 SCADA系统提供。 SCADA系统将电网实时 数据进行远方采集、 处理， 再提供给潮流计算、 状态估计和优化计算， 从而求取出 u ref f 。 图 2为无功优化功能体系示意图， 图 3为无功电压三级优化控制模式示意图。 步骤 3 : 采用 3 σ法处理设定电压参考值 ref ， 得到设定电压参考值区间 rej f - m i .n , rej f - m ax J I 首先近似认为电压微小波动符合正态分布规律， 基于正态分布 3(7法， 得出置信 度为 99%的执行区间 [^― 3σ， + 3σ]。 在此区间内认为电压波动微小， 不需要进 行电压优化调整， 超出此范围才进行优化调整。
U
采用 3σ法处理设定电压参考值 ref 的过程具体是： 步骤 101: 将设定电压参考值
Figure imgf000006_0001
步骤 102: 利用公式：
Figure imgf000006_0002
计算子站的无功电压控制灵敏度 ， 其中
Figure imgf000006_0004
(2) ；
Figure imgf000006_0003
(3) ；
J J
公式 Π) 、 (2) 和 （3) 中 Ρθ PV J J
Qe和 2 分别为雅各比矩阵，
Jpe为将 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， Jpv为将 A尸 /△ 的元素列 在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， J Q()为将 Δβ/ Δ6)的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， 为将 Δβ/Δ 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， ΔΡ、 Δβ、 和 Δί ^分别 为子站的有功微增量、 无功微增量、 电压相角微增量及幅值微增量。 雅各比矩阵中的 各元素是由网络结构自身决定， 已知特定电网的电抗等网络参数和拓扑结构时， 利用 节点电压法等方法即可求取。 步骤！03: 确定^个子站的最小可调节设备的容量值 。
实际电网中每一个子站都安装有不同的无功补偿设备， 其中电容电抗器等设备为 阶跃式调节， 有固定容量和可调节方式。 m'"就是指某一个子站中可以调节的最小的 一个设备的容量。 主站可通过 SCADA系统软件来召唤每个子站无功补偿设备详细信 息， 从而获得 2min值。 步骤 104 : 根据 ^式 = S— Q m i n 计算方差 σ ， 将 — 3°"，^ + 3°"]作为设定 电压参考值区间。
在步骤 3中， 法指： 在以 为数学期望， σ为标准差的正态分布中， 符合正态分 布的概率密度函数落在以 为中心， 3 σ为长度的区间内的概率大于 99.7% 。 因此将 这种用 ^为中心， 3 σ为长度的区间来近似代表整个正态函数的概率密度分布的方法 简称 3 σ "法。 本申请中认为电压运行波动符合以 σ为标准差的正太分布规律， 则运行 电压落在此区间的概率大于 99.7% ,可用此区间作为电压参考值区间代替电压参考值； 在步骤 3中， 当需要降低电压时， 则减少容性补偿设备的投入和 /或增加感性补偿 设备的投入； 当需要提高电压时， 则增加容性补偿设备的投入和 /或减少感性补偿设备 的投入； 其中， 电压的判断依据是子站电压是否落在 [^― 3σ，^ + 3σ]区间之内， 若 落在其中， 则不需要调节； 否则当子站电压大于〃+3σ时， 需要降低电压， 当子站电 压小于 _ 3σ时， 需要提高电压。
步骤 4 : 调节子站高压侧母线电压， 以使其落入设定电压参考值区间
Figure imgf000007_0001
子站调节为就地调节， 调节方式种类可多样， 其中一种是按照无功补偿设备响应 时间快慢来选择设备动作的先后顺序， 调节的对象为 SVG (静止无功发生器） 、 SVC (静止式无功补偿装置） 、 电容电抗器等无功补偿设备。
子站调节是一个连续循环过程， 可以在中间设置间断点， 即如果电压合格 （即子 站高压侧母线电压落在区域 ref 'm m， re _ m aX」）或者无功补偿设备调节容量用 尽， 则停止调节。
在步骤 4中， 调节子站电压是通过调节子站自有的无功补偿设备来实现的， 调节 子站电压的具体过程可以依据子站无功补偿设备调节策略来执行， 策略可根据实际情 况制定， 种类多样， 如根据无功补偿设备的动作时间快慢来制定的某子站调节策略为 首先调节 SVC， 其次调节电容电抗器， 最后调节变压器分接头；
步骤 5 ： 如果子站高压侧母线 电压未落入设定 电压参考值区 间 L re ^mm ' / - max」中， 则通过执行站调节风电场 /光电场中的设备； 具体是， 当需要降低电压时， 则减少容性补偿设备的投入和 /或增加感性补偿设备的投入； 当需 要提高电压时， 则增加容性补偿设备的投入和 /或减少感性补偿设备的投入。 当子站调节措施使用完毕， 但电压仍超出范围 re _m,n re "max J , 由 子站向下级执行站发 ， 进行一级电压调控。 调控设备包括电容电抗、 svc (静止式 无功补偿装置） /SVG (静止无功发生器） 及风 /光电发电机自身调节系统。 电容电抗、 SVC (静止式无功补偿装置） /SVG (静止无功发生器） 及风 /光电发电机自身调节系 统均具有接收指令的控制接口， 当其中一个接收到调节命令 （目标电压值） 后， 可以 根据子站高压侧母线电压的高低进行调节。 具体调节过程为实际电压值高于目标电压 值时， 减少容性补偿设备的投入或增加感性补偿设备的投入， 反之亦然。 调节到实际 电压值与目标电压值之差小于设定门槛值时即可满足要求， 停止调节或者直到所有调 节设备容量用尽为止。
实施例 2
图 4是一个含大+ ¾模风/光电基地的区域电力系统示意图， 以此为例， 本发明提供 的无功电压优化控制方法包括：
歩骤 1: 根据图 4所示实际电网网架结构， 建立三级无功优化控制体系， 如图 5 所示。
步骤 2: 全网无功优化计算。 在大规模风 /光电入网无功综合优化控制主站进行状
U re -U.
态估计、 潮流计算及优化计算， 得到 9个子站的电压调控参考值 /1 ref 9 步骤 3: 采用 3σ法处理 。 基于步骤 2潮流计算结果， 计算 9个子站的无功 电压灵敏度系数 S S9， 再计算每个子站的最小可调节无功补偿设备 Qm,nl- Qmin9， 从而 计 算 出 σι— 9 ， 最 终 得 到 9 个 子 站 各 自 的 电 压 调 节 控 制 区 间
L rej -min , ref— max」 步骤 4: 二级电压调控。 以设定参考值区间为调控目标进行， 当子站电压超出范 围 L ref -mm ' max」时， 进行子站调节， 直至满足此电压范围。 其中子站电压 步骤 5 : - 级 ^压调控。 当子站调节措施使用完毕但电压仍超出区间 [U e f "m m■ , U r
L m ax 1」时， 由子站向下级执行站发令， 进行一级电压调控， 即通 过执行站对设备进行调控。调控设备包括电容电抗、 SVC (静止式无功补偿装置） /SVG (静止无功发生器） 及风 /光电发电机自身调节系统。
根据上述方法对图 4所示案例进行计算分析， 结果如表 1 , 表 2所示。
表 1 : 无功优化子站电压参考值计算结果
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 2 : 电压调控子站无功补偿设备动作次数 /天统计结果
Figure imgf000009_0002
上述实例分析表明： 本方法克服了传统无功优化控制模式中电压调控参考值固定 的问题， 从而能适应大规模风 /光电集中接入电网时， 系统电压频繁波动的情况， 在顾 忌调节效果的同时， 减少了无功补偿设备调节动作的次数。 为大规模风 /光电集中接入 的电网优化运行提供指导。
最后应说明的是： 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明， 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 对于本领域的技术人员来说， 其依 然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等 同替换。 凡在本发明 tJ:]精祌和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应 包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种风电和光电集中并网的无功电压优化控制方法， 其特征是所述方法包括： 步骤 1: 在单个风电场 /光电场的汇集点设置用于控制单个风电场 /光电场的执行 站， 在风电场 /光电场的集群并网点设置用于控制执行站的子站， 设置用于控制所有子 站的主站；
步骤 2: 主站通过子站和执行站采集每个风电场 /光电场的电力数据， 并根据采集
U ref
的数据计算每个子站的设定电压参考值 步骤 3: 采用 3^法处理设定电压参考值 ref ， 得到设定电压参考值区间
L ref -min， ref - ax J · 歩骤 4: 调节子站高压侧母线电压， 以使其落入设定电压参考值区间
L ref -mm , re/- max J中 歩 5： 如果子站高压侧母线电压未落入设定电压参考值区间
L ref-mm max」中， 则通过执行站调节风电场 /光电场中的设备。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的优化控制方法， 其特征是所述歩骤 3具体是： 步骤 101: 将设定电压参考值 作为数学期望 ^， 即令 ； 步骤 102: 计算子站的无功电压控制灵敏度 ， 其计算公式为：
8 二 ^Jqv 一 JQE JP PV )； 其中 JPe 、 JPV、 J Qe和 JQv分别为雅各比矩阵，
^ 为将 ό、」元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， J ^为将 的元素 列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， Jq() 为将 Δ2/ Δ 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， 为将 Δβ /Δ 的元素列在一起形成的雅各比矩阵， Δ尸、 Αβ、 Δ6>和 分别 为子站的有功微增量、 无功微增量、 电压相角微增量及幅值微增量； 步骤 103: 确定每个子站的最小可调节设备的容量值 min ' · 歩¾ 104： 根据公式0 " = s— 计算方差 ， 将 一 3σ， + 3σ:ΐ作为设定电 压参考值区间。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的优化控制方法， 其特征是所述步骤 3具体是： 当需要降低电压时， 则减少容性补偿设备的投入和 /或增加感性补偿设备的投入； 当需要提高电压时， 则增加容性补偿设备的投入和 /或减少感性补偿设备的投入； 其中， 电压的判断依据是子站电压是否落在1^— 3σ，^ + 3σ]区间之内， 若落在 其中， 则不需要调节； 否则当子站电压大于〃+3σ时， 需要降低电压， 当子站电压小 于 ^ - 3σ时， 需要提高电压。
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