WO2014166322A1 - 一种高安全性电涌保护器 - Google Patents

一种高安全性电涌保护器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014166322A1
WO2014166322A1 PCT/CN2014/073139 CN2014073139W WO2014166322A1 WO 2014166322 A1 WO2014166322 A1 WO 2014166322A1 CN 2014073139 W CN2014073139 W CN 2014073139W WO 2014166322 A1 WO2014166322 A1 WO 2014166322A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arc
protection component
casing
overvoltage protection
pin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/073139
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李天密
王雪颖
王伟
任怡
杨国华
Original Assignee
四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司
Priority to AU2014233562A priority Critical patent/AU2014233562B2/en
Priority to US14/387,543 priority patent/US9287071B1/en
Priority to EP14771496.8A priority patent/EP2827355B1/en
Priority to BR112014023700-0A priority patent/BR112014023700B1/pt
Publication of WO2014166322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014166322A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/04Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/42Driving mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2223/00Casings
    • H01H2223/038Casings transparent
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2235/00Springs
    • H01H2235/01Spiral spring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/20Electrothermal mechanisms with fusible mass
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a protection device for electronic and electrical equipment, in particular to a surge protector.
  • CN102132467A discloses an overvoltage arrester having at least one discharge element, the movable isolation member invading its conductor segment or the moving path of the conductive bridge, although in or immediately prior to its occurrence of a short circuit condition.
  • the thermal stability test is carried out in accordance with the IEC61643.1-2005 standard, it is found that the current flowing through the voltage discharger when the maximum continuous operating voltage is applied thereto More than 0.5mA, does not meet the requirements of the IEC61643-1:2005 standard.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-security surge protector to ensure that the surge protector is safely separated from the circuit or equipment after being deteriorated or overloaded, and to eliminate safety hazards such as fire and electric leakage.
  • the high-security surge protector of the present invention comprises a casing, at least one over-voltage protection component located in the casing, and a disengagement device for separating the over-voltage protection component from the AC circuit or the DC circuit or the device, for extinguishing
  • the overvoltage protection component is provided with a first pin connected to the first electrode and through the disconnecting device and the second a second pin connected or separated by an electrode and mounted on the casing
  • the detaching device is composed of a compression spring, a metal spring, a slider and a soft conductor; the slider is installed in a sliding groove provided in the casing, One end of the compression spring is in contact with the slider, and the other end is fixed on the casing.
  • the metal dome is mounted on the slider, one end of which is connected with the soft conductor, and the other end of which is connected with the overvoltage when the overvoltage protection component is in a normal state.
  • the second pin of the protection component is soldered and elastically restored by the compression spring after the overvoltage protection component is in an abnormal state and the terminal is separated from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component.
  • the metal elastic piece is moved by the slider to the first limiting wall provided on the box body, and the soft conductor is connected with the second electrode;
  • the arc extinguishing device is composed of the arc extinguishing grid group, the first The arc striking piece, the second arc striking piece, the rotating block and the torsion spring are composed;
  • the rotating block is a strip block, and one end end portion is provided with an arc reflecting plate, and the other end portion is provided with a mounting hole near the arc reflecting plate
  • An arc extinguishing cavity is disposed, and the rotating block is fitted on the pin shaft provided on the box body through a mounting hole provided at an end thereof, and is hinged with the pin shaft, and the pin shaft is disposed at a position where the overvoltage protection component is In the normal state, the rotating block is provided with the side of one end of the arc reflector contacting the metal dome.
  • the rotating block is rotated by the torsion spring to
  • the arc extinguishing chamber disposed on the rotating block covers the second pin of the overvoltage protection component separated from the metal dome;
  • the torsion spring is mounted on the rotating block and The pin shafts are connected;
  • the grid group is installed in the arc extinguishing chamber surrounded by the casing and the outer casing, one end of the first arcing piece is connected or close to the left end of the arc extinguishing grid group, and the other end of the first arcing piece is positioned in the box Close to the first limiting wall, one end of the second arcing piece is connected or close to the right end of the arc extinguishing grid group, and the other end of the second arcing piece is positioned on the box body and adjacent to the second Limit wall.
  • the high-security surge protector of the present invention further includes a pointing device including a green display sheet and a red marking paper, the red marking paper is attached to the upper end surface of the slider, and the green display sheet is hinged at On the casing; a transparent window exposing a green display sheet or a red marking paper is disposed on the top of the casing.
  • a pointing device including a green display sheet and a red marking paper, the red marking paper is attached to the upper end surface of the slider, and the green display sheet is hinged at On the casing; a transparent window exposing a green display sheet or a red marking paper is disposed on the top of the casing.
  • the metal dome in the detaching device is sequentially composed of an arc-guiding end, a welding contact surface, a connecting arm and a fixed end.
  • the metal dome can be made of elastic copper, silver, and alloys thereof, preferably made of elastic copper.
  • the soft conductor in the detachment device is preferably woven with a soft copper wire.
  • the high-safety surge protector of the present invention has an arc extinguishing chamber air outlet provided on the casing, and an exhaust port is disposed at a portion of the outer casing corresponding to the air outlet of the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the rotating block in the arc extinguishing device is provided with a rail groove between the arc extinguishing cavity and the mounting hole, and the corresponding portion of the box body is provided with a guide rail matched with the rail groove.
  • the second arc-leading piece in the arc extinguishing device is close to the second pin of the over-voltage protection component and has a V-shaped protrusion to accelerate the arc-starting speed.
  • the high-safety surge protector of the present invention has a casing, a casing, a slider and a rotating block made of a gas-generating insulating material or a non-gas-generating insulating material, preferably made of a gas-generating insulating material, because the gas-generating insulating material is used.
  • the generated gas on the one hand cools the arc, on the other hand, enhances the air blowing effect on the arc, and accelerates the moving speed of the arc to the arc extinguishing grid group.
  • the gas-generating insulation material can be selected from polyoxymethylene or nylon or melamine.
  • the high-safety surge protector of the present invention has the following two specific structures:
  • One side of the box body is provided with a cavity for mounting a voltage protection component, and the top right side or the side surface of the other side is provided with an arc extinguishing chamber air outlet, the upper left side is provided with a first limiting wall, and the lower right side is provided with a first
  • the left side of the second limiting wall and the first limiting wall are provided with a sliding slot for mounting the slider, and the left side of the second limiting wall is provided with a guide rail for guiding the rotation of the rotating block, and the second limiting wall is provided at the lower left side of the second limiting wall Pin.
  • One side of the box body is provided with a cavity for mounting a voltage protection component, and the right upper side of the other side is provided with an arc extinguishing chamber air outlet, the upper left side is provided with a first limiting wall, and the lower left side is provided with a third limit.
  • a bit wall, a second limit wall is disposed on the lower right side, a left side of the first limit wall is provided with a sliding slot for mounting the slider, and a left side of the second limit wall is provided with a guide rail for guiding the rotation of the rotating block, the guide rail A pin is provided below.
  • the over-voltage protection component gradually deteriorates, the temperature gradually rises, or an excessive overload current passes, causing an over-voltage protection component (varistor).
  • the first arc guide piece and the second arc guide piece also function to introduce the arc into the arc extinguishing grid group.
  • the rotating block rotates to the second limiting wall provided on the box body, the arc extinguishing cavity provided on the rotating block covers the second pin of the overvoltage protection component; as the slider moves upward, the metal dome and the metal spring The distance between the second pin of the overvoltage protection component is continuously increased.
  • the slider drives the metal dome to move to the first limiting wall provided on the casing, the electrical separation between the metal dome and the second pin of the overvoltage protection component is completed. .
  • the structure of the arc extinguishing device in the high-safety surge protector of the present invention has the function of extinguishing a strong arc, and the detaching device in the surge protector of the present invention enables the metal dome to quickly leave the overvoltage protection
  • the second pin of the component completes the rapid electrical separation between the metal shrapnel and the second pin of the overvoltage protection component, so the combination of the disengagement device and the arc extinguishing device ensures safe separation of the circuit or device when the surge protector fails.
  • the surge protector is applied to the technical problems of small current thermal stable detachment and large current overload detachment in AC and DC systems, especially in AC/DC circuits or equipment with higher system voltage and larger short-circuit current (such as wind power generation equipment and photovoltaics). Power generation equipment) has a high degree of safety in applications.
  • the high-safety surge protector of the present invention is provided with a pointing device, it is convenient for the operator to monitor the state of the over-voltage protection component, and when the over-voltage protection component fails, it can be found and replaced in time to ensure that it is Protect the safety of circuits or equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a first structural schematic view of a casing in a high-security surge protector according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a casing in a high-security surge protector according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a third structural schematic view of the outer casing of the high-security surge protector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a first perspective view of a functional device and a combination thereof in the high-security surge protector of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a second perspective view of a functional device and a combination thereof in the high-security surge protector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a third perspective view of a functional device and a combination thereof in the high-security surge protector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of an overvoltage protection component pin and an electrode in the high safety surge protector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a plan projection view of Figure 4, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is in a connected state with the second pin of the overvoltage protection component;
  • Figure 9 is a plan projection view of Figure 4, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is in phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. in;
  • Figure 10 is a plan projection view of Figure 4, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detachment device is at the limit of phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. position;
  • Figure 11 is a plan projection view of Figure 5, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is in a connected state with the pins of the overvoltage protection component;
  • Figure 12 is a plan view of Figure 5, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device.
  • the metal dome in the detaching device is in phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. in;
  • Figure 13 is a plan projection view of Figure 5, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detachment device is at the limit of phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. position;
  • Figure 14 is a plan projection view of Figure 6, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is in a connected state with the second pin of the overvoltage protection component;
  • Figure 15 is a plan projection view of Figure 6, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is in phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. in;
  • Figure 16 is a plan projection view of Figure 5, which depicts the structure of the detachment device, the arc extinguishing device, and the indicating device, wherein the metal dome in the detaching device is at the limit of phase separation from the second pin of the overvoltage protection component. position;
  • Figure 17 is a first shape configuration diagram of the arc extinguishing grid group
  • Figure 18 is a front elevational view of Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a plan view of Figure 17;
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 18;
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 18;
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 18;
  • Figure 23 is a second shape configuration diagram of the arc extinguishing grid group
  • Figure 24 is a front elevational view of Figure 23;
  • Figure 25 is a left side view of Figure 23;
  • Figure 26 is a plan view of Figure 23;
  • Figure 27 is a schematic structural view of a metal dome
  • Figure 28 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rotating block.
  • the high-safety surge protector is provided by the outer casing 1 (see FIG. 1), the over-voltage protection component 3 located in the outer casing, the disengagement device 4, the arc extinguishing device 5, the indicating device 6 and the casing 2 (see FIG. 5) Composition.
  • the outer casing 11 has a shape similar to a rectangular parallelepiped and is made of nylon.
  • the top surface of the casing is provided with a transparent window 12 and an exhaust port 111 (see Fig. 1).
  • the overvoltage protection component 3 is a varistor, and is provided with a first pin 311 and a second pin 312 (see FIG. 7). The first pin 311 is connected to the first electrode 8, and the second pin 312 is detached.
  • the device is connected or separated from the second electrode 7.
  • the casing 2 is made of nylon, and one side of the casing is provided with a cavity for mounting the voltage protection element 3, and the upper right top portion of the other surface is provided with an arc extinguishing chamber air outlet 201, and the upper left side is provided with a first limiting wall 202 and right.
  • the second limiting wall 203 is disposed below, the left side of the first limiting wall is provided with a sliding slot for mounting the slider, and the left side of the second limiting wall is provided with a guiding rail 205 for guiding the rotation of the rotating block, and the second limiting wall
  • a pin 204 is provided at the lower left side (see Fig. 5, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13).
  • the position of the pin 204 is required: when the overvoltage protection component is in a normal state, the rotating block 54 in the arc extinguishing device is disposed with the side of one end of the arc reflecting plate 541 in contact with the metal dome 42 in the disengaging device, in the overvoltage protection After the component is in an abnormal state and the metal dome 42 is separated from the overvoltage protection component, the rotating block is rotated by the torsion spring 55 along the guide rail to the second limiting wall 203 provided on the casing, and is set on the rotating block.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 542 should cover the second lead of the overvoltage protection component separated from the metal dome.
  • the detaching device 4 is composed of a compression spring 41, a metal elastic piece 42, a slider 43, and a soft conductor 44 (see FIGS. 11, 12, and 13); the slider 43 is made of nylon, and a cavity in which a compression spring is mounted is disposed inside.
  • the metal shrapnel 42 is an elastic piece made of elastic copper, which is composed of an arc guiding end 421, a welding contact surface 422, a connecting arm 423, and a fixed end 424 (see FIG. 27), and the soft conductor 44 is a braided soft copper wire;
  • the block 43 is mounted in a sliding slot provided in the casing.
  • the compression spring 41 is mounted in the inner cavity of the slider, the upper end of which is in contact with the top of the inner cavity of the slider 43, the lower end of which is fixed on the casing, and the metal dome 42 is mounted on the block.
  • the fixed end 424 is connected to the soft conductor 44, and the soldering contact surface 422 is brazed to the second pin 312 of the overvoltage protection component when the overvoltage protection component is in a normal state, in the overvoltage protection component.
  • the elastic spring restoring force acts on the slider by the spring, and the slider moves the metal dome upward to the upper left of the casing.
  • the first limit wall 202 provided by the square, the soft guide 44 and the second electrode 7 is connected.
  • the arc extinguishing device 5 is composed of an arc extinguishing grating group 51, a first arc guiding piece 52, a second arc guiding piece 53, a rotating block 54, and a torsion spring 55 (see Figs.
  • 54 is a strip-shaped block made of nylon, and an upper end portion thereof is provided with an arc reflecting plate 541, and a lower end portion thereof is provided with a mounting hole 544, and an arc extinguishing chamber 542 is disposed adjacent to the arc reflecting plate, and the arc extinguishing chamber 542 is A rail groove 543 is disposed between the mounting holes 544 (see FIG. 28); the structure of the arc extinguishing grid group 51 is as shown in FIG. 17, FIG. 18, and FIG. 19, and is a monolithic structure formed by a ceramic mold. 20. The sections shown in FIG.
  • first arc runner 52 and the second arc runner 53 are made of a copper plated iron piece; the rotating block is set by a mounting hole 544 provided at a lower end portion thereof.
  • a torsion spring 55 is mounted on the rotating block and connected to the pin 204; the arc extinguishing grid group 51 is mounted on the casing 2 and the outer casing In the arc extinguishing chamber surrounded by the body 11, one end of the first arc guide piece 52 is connected to the left end of the arc extinguishing grid group 51, and the other end thereof is positioned on the box body and Near the first limiting wall 202, one end of the second arcing piece 53 is connected to the right end of the arc extinguishing grid group 51, and the other end is positioned on the box body and adjacent to the second limiting wall, the second lead The arc piece 53 is near the V-shaped projection at the second pin 312 of the overvoltage protection element to speed up the arc ignition speed.
  • the indicating device 6 includes a green display sheet 61 and a red marking paper 62.
  • the red marking paper 62 is attached to the upper end surface of the slider 43.
  • the green display sheet 61 is hinged on the casing (see FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, Figure 13), when the overvoltage protection component is in a normal state, the green display sheet 61 is exposed above the slider 43, and after the overvoltage component is in an abnormal state and causes the metal dome to be separated from the overvoltage protection component, the green The display sheet 61 is rotated to the side of the casing by the action of the slider, and the red marking paper attached to the end surface of the upper end of the slider 43 is exposed, and the operator can observe through the transparent window 12 provided on the top surface of the casing.
  • the high-security surge protector is composed of a casing 1, an over-voltage protection component 3 located in the casing, a disengagement device 4, an arc extinguishing device 5, a pointing device 6, and a casing 2.
  • the exhaust port 111 is disposed on the right side surface of the outer casing 11 (see FIG. 2); the arc extinguishing chamber air outlet 201 is disposed on the upper right side of the casing 2 (see FIG. 4, FIG. 8). , Figure 9 and Figure 10).
  • the high-security surge protector is composed of a casing 1, an over-voltage protection component 3 located in the casing, a disengagement device 4, an arc extinguishing device 5, a pointing device 6, and a casing 2.
  • the exhaust port 111 is disposed on the right side surface of the outer casing 11 (see FIG. 3);
  • the arc extinguishing chamber air outlet 201 is disposed on the upper right side of the casing 2 (see FIG. 6, FIG. 15 and FIG. 16); one side of the casing 2 is provided with a cavity for mounting the voltage protection element 3, and the right upper side of the other side is provided with an arc extinguishing chamber air outlet 201, and the upper left side is provided with a first limiting wall.
  • a third limiting wall 206 is disposed on the lower left side, and a second limiting wall 203 is disposed on the lower right side.
  • the left side of the first limiting wall is provided with a sliding slot for mounting the slider, and the left side of the second limiting wall is disposed.
  • FIG. 16 the structure of the arc extinguishing grid group 51 is as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 24 and FIG. 26 a labyrinth arc extinguishing structure composed of a metal grid, a first arc runner 52 and a second arc runner 53 are formed.
  • the copper plated iron piece is formed; the arc extinguishing grid group 51 is installed in the arc extinguishing chamber surrounded by the casing 2 and the outer casing 11, and one end of the first arcing piece 52 is adjacent to the left end of the arc extinguishing grid group 51 (between a gap is provided, the other end of which is located on the casing and adjacent to the first limiting wall 202, and one end of the second arcing blade 53 is adjacent to the right end of the arc extinguishing grid group 51 (with a gap therebetween), The other end is positioned on the casing and adjacent to the second limiting wall, and the second arcing blade 53 is adjacent to the second pin 312 of the overvoltage protection element as a V-shaped protrusion to accelerate the arc starting speed.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种高安全性电涌保护器,包括外壳,位于外壳内的至少一个过电压保护元件、用于将过电压保护元件与交流或直流电路或设备分离的脱离装置、用于熄灭过电压保护元件与交流或直流电路或设备分离过程中所产生电弧的灭弧装置和盒体。脱离装置由压簧、金属弹片、滑块和软导体组成;灭弧装置由灭弧栅片组、第一引弧片、第二引弧片、转动块和扭簧组成;转动块为条形块,其一端端部设置有电弧反射板,其另一端端部设置有安装孔,其靠近电弧反射板处设置有灭弧腔,灭弧栅片组安装在所述盒体与外壳围成的灭弧室内,第一引弧片的一端与灭弧栅片组的左端连接或靠近,第二引弧片的一端与灭弧栅片组的右端连接或靠近。

Description

一种高安全性电涌保护器 技术领域
本发明属于电子电气设备的保护装置,特别涉及一种电涌保护器。
背景技术
随着电力、通信等行业的发展,电涌保护器的应用范围越来越广,在应用中出现故障的次数越来越多。当电涌保护器劣化或过载后,如不能及时与交流或直流电路和设备安全分离时就会发生火灾等事故,因此电涌保护器劣化或过载情况下的安全性越来越受到关注。
CN102132467A公开了一种具有至少一个放电元件的过电压放电器,所述过电压放电器虽然在其出现短路状态时或紧邻之前,其可移动的隔离部件会侵入其导体段或导电桥的运动线路中,以便阻止或抑制导电元件和分离部位之间再次点燃电弧,但参照IEC61643.1-2005标准进行热稳定试验时发现:若对其施加最大持续运行电压时,流过该电压放电器的电流超过0.5mA,不符合IEC61643-1:2005标准的要求。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种高安全性电涌保护器,以确保电涌保护器劣化或过载后与电路或设备安全分离,消除火灾、漏电等安全隐患。
技术解决方案
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,包括外壳,位于外壳内的至少一个过电压保护元件、用于将过电压保护元件与交流电路或直流电路或设备分离的脱离装置、用于熄灭过电压保护元件与交流电路或直流电路或设备分离过程中所产生电弧的灭弧装置和盒体;所述过电压保护元件设置有与第一电极连接的第一引脚和通过脱离装置与第二电极连接或分离的第二引脚并安装在所述盒体上;所述脱离装置由压簧、金属弹片、滑块和软导体组成;滑块安装在所述盒体设置的滑槽内,压簧的一端与滑块接触,其另一端固定在所述盒体上,金属弹片安装在滑块上,其一端与软导体连接,其另一端在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时与过电压保护元件的第二引脚焊接,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使该端与过电压保护元件的第二引脚分离后,通过压簧弹性恢复力对滑块的作用,由滑块带动金属弹片运动至所述盒体上设置的第一限位壁处,软导体与第二电极相连;所述灭弧装置由灭弧栅片组、第一引弧片、第二引弧片、转动块和扭簧组成;转动块为条形块,其一端端部设置有电弧反射板,其另一端端部设置有安装孔,其靠近电弧反射板处设置有灭弧腔,转动块通过其端部设置的安装孔套装在所述盒体设置的销轴上,并与该销轴铰连,所述销轴的设置位置:在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,转动块设置有电弧反射板一端的侧面与金属弹片接触,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片与过电压保护元件分离后,转动块在扭簧的作用下转动至所述盒体上设置的第二限位壁处时,转动块上设置的灭弧腔罩住与金属弹片分离后的过电压保护元件的第二引脚;扭簧安装在转动块上并与所述销轴相连;灭弧栅片组安装在所述盒体与外壳围成的灭弧室内,第一引弧片的一端与灭弧栅片组的左端连接或靠近,第一引弧片的另一端定位在所述盒体上并靠近所述第一限位壁,第二引弧片的一端与灭弧栅片组的右端连接或靠近,第二引弧片的另一端定位在盒体上并靠近所述第二限位壁。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,还包括指示装置,所述指示装置包括绿色显示片和红色标记纸,红色标记纸贴在所述滑块的上端端面,所述绿色显示片铰接在盒体上;在所述外壳壳体的顶部设置有显露绿色显示片或红色标记纸的透明窗。在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,绿色显示片位于所述滑块之上被显露,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片与过电压保护元件分离后,绿色显示片在所述滑块的作用下转至盒体侧面,贴在滑块上端端面的红色标记纸被显露。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其脱离装置中的金属弹片依次由导弧端头、焊接接触面、连接臂、固定端头构成。金属弹片可由弹性铜、银及其合金制作,优选弹性铜制作。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其脱离装置中的软导体优选编织软铜线。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其盒体上设置有灭弧室出气口,外壳壳体对应所述灭弧室出气口的部位设置有排气口。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其灭弧装置中的转动块在灭弧腔与安装孔之间设置有导轨槽,所述盒体的相应部位设置有与导轨槽匹配的导轨。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其灭弧装置中的第二引弧片靠近过电压保护元件第二引脚处为V形凸起,以加快引弧速度。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其外壳、盒体、滑块和转动块用产气绝缘材料或不产气绝缘材料制作,优选用产气绝缘材料制作,因为产气绝缘材料所产生的气体一方面对电弧进行冷却,另一方面增强了对电弧的气吹作用,可加快电弧向灭弧栅片组的运动速度。产气绝缘材料可选用聚甲醛或尼龙、三聚氰胺。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器,其盒体有以下两种具体结构:
1、所述盒体的一面设置有安装电压保护元件的腔体,其另一面的右上方顶部或侧面设置有灭弧室出气口、左上方设置有第一限位壁、右下方设置有第二限位壁、第一限位壁的左侧设置有安装滑块的滑槽,第二限位壁的左侧设置有引导转动块转动的导轨,第二限位壁的左侧下方设置有销轴。
2、所述盒体的一面设置有安装电压保护元件的腔体,其另一面的右上方侧面设置有灭弧室出气口、左上方设置有第一限位壁、左下方设置有第三限位壁,右下方设置有第二限位壁、第一限位壁的左侧设置有安装滑块的滑槽,第二限位壁的左侧设置有引导转动块转动的导轨,所述导轨下方设置有销轴。
本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器的工作原理:
电涌保护器经过长时间工作或多次冲击后,过电压保护元件(压敏电阻)逐渐劣化,温度逐渐升高,或者有特大的过载电流通过,引起过电压保护元件(压敏电阻)的温度快速升高,当过电压保护元件的第二引脚与脱离装置中金属弹片焊接处的温度达到焊料的熔化或熔融温度时,所述金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚互相分离,解除了对灭弧装置中转动块所施加的作用力和对脱离装置中压簧所施加的作用力,因而灭弧装置中的转动块在扭簧产生的弹性恢复力作用下向盒体上设置的第二限位壁方向转动,脱离装置中的滑块在压簧产生的弹性恢复力作用下带着金属弹片向盒体上所设置的第一限位壁方向运动;随着转动块的转动,将分开后的金属弹片和过电压保护元件第二引脚进行电气隔离,同时既对金属弹片与过电压保护元件引脚分离过程产生的电弧进行冷却,又对所述电弧产生的向后运动激波进行反射,由于反射波与电弧朝灭弧栅片组运动的方向一致,使电弧尽快进入灭弧栅片组。第一引弧片、第二引弧片也起着将所述电弧引入灭弧栅片组的作用。当转动块转动至盒体上所设置的第二限位壁处,转动块上设置的灭弧腔将过电压保护元件的第二引脚罩住;随着滑块的向上运动,金属弹片与过电压保护元件第二引脚的距离不断增大,当滑块带动金属弹片运动至盒体上所设置的第一限位壁处,完成金属弹片与过电压保护元件第二引脚的电气分离。
有益效果
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中的灭弧装置的结构使其具有熄灭强电弧的功能,本发明所述电涌保护器中的脱离装置能使金属弹片快速离开过电压保护元件的第二引脚,完成金属弹片与过电压保护元件第二引脚的快速电气分离,因而脱离装置与灭弧装置的结合保证了电涌保护器出现故障时与电路或设备安全分离,解决了电涌保护器应用于交直流系统中的小电流热稳定脱离和大电流过载脱离的技术难题,尤其在较高系统电压和较大短路电流的交直流电路或设备(例如风力发电设备和光伏发电设备)应用中具有很高的安全性。
2、实验表明,当滑块带动金属弹片运动至盒体上所设置的第一限位壁处,完成金属弹片与过电压元件第二引脚的电分离后,电涌保护器即完全与交直流电路或设备脱离,在其两端施加最大持续运行电压时,不会有超过0.5mA的电流流过,因而安全性提高。
3、由于本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中设置有指示装置,因而便于操作人员监控过电压保护元件所处的状态,当过电压保护元件出现故障后能及时发现与更换,确保被保护电路或设备的安全。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中外壳的第一种结构示意图;
图2是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中外壳的第二种结构示意图;
图3是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中外壳的第三种结构示意图;
图4是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中功能器件及其组合方式的第一种立体图;
图5是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中功能器件及其组合方式的第二种立体图;
图6是本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器中功能器件及其组合方式的第三种立体图;
图7是本发明所述的高安全性电涌保护器中过电压保护元件引脚与一电极连接的示意图;
图8是图4的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于连接状态;
图9是图4的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的过程中;
图10是图4的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的极限位置;
图11是图5的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的引脚处于连接状态;
图12是图5的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的过程中;
图13是图5的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的极限位置;
图14是图6的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于连接状态;
图15是图6的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的过程中;
图16是图5的平面投影图,该图描述了脱离装置、灭弧装置、指示装置的结构,图中,脱离装置中的金属弹片与过电压保护元件的第二引脚处于相分离的极限位置;
图17是灭弧栅片组的第一种形状构造图;
图18是图17的主视图;
图19是图17的俯视图;
图20是图18的A-A剖视图;
图21是图18的B-B剖视图;
图22是图18的C-C剖视图;
图23是灭弧栅片组的第二种形状构造图;
图24是图23的主视图;
图25是图23的左视图;
图26是图23的俯视图;
图27是金属弹片的一种结构示意图;
图28是转动块的一种结构示意图。
图中,1—外壳、11—壳体、111—排气口、12—透明窗、2—盒体、201—灭弧室出气口、202—第一限位壁、203—第二限位壁、204-销轴、205—导轨、206—第三限位壁、3—过电压保护元件、311—过电压保护元件第一引脚、312—过电压保护元件第二引脚、4—脱离装置、41—压簧、42—金属弹片、421—导弧端头、422—焊接接触面、423—连接臂、424—固定端头、43—滑块、44—软导体、5—灭弧装置、51—灭弧栅片组、511—安装板、512—第一灭弧栅片、513—第二灭弧栅片、52—第一引弧片、53—第二引弧片、54—转动块、541—电弧反射板、542—灭弧腔、543—导轨槽、544—安装孔、55—扭簧、6—指示装置、61—绿色显示片、62—红色标记纸、7—第二电极、8—第一电极。
本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明所述高安全性电涌保护器的结构作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例中,高安全性电涌保护器由外壳1(见图1),位于外壳内的过电压保护元件3、脱离装置4、灭弧装置5、指示装置6和盒体2(见图5)组成。所述外壳壳体11的形状近似于长方体,用尼龙制作,壳体顶面设置有透明窗12和排气口111(见图1)。所述过电压保护元件3为压敏电阻,设置有第一引脚311和第二引脚312(见图7),第一引脚311与第一电极8连接,第二引脚312通过脱离装置与第二电极7连接或分离。所述盒体2用尼龙制作,其一面设置有安装电压保护元件3的腔体,其另一面的右上方顶部设置有灭弧室出气口201、左上方设置有第一限位壁202、右下方设置有第二限位壁203、第一限位壁的左侧设置有安装滑块的滑槽,第二限位壁的左侧设置有引导转动块转动的导轨205,第二限位壁的左侧下方设置有销轴204(见图5、图11、图12、图13)。所述销轴204位置的要求:在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,灭弧装置中的转动块54设置有电弧反射板541一端的侧面与脱离装置中的金属弹片42接触,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片42与过电压保护元件分离后,转动块在扭簧55的作用下沿导轨转动至盒体上所设置的第二限位壁203处时,转动块上设置的灭弧腔542应将与金属弹片分离后的过电压保护元件的第二引脚罩住。所述脱离装置4由压簧41、金属弹片42、滑块43和软导体44组成(见图11、图12、图13);滑块43由尼龙制作,其内部设置有安装压簧的腔体,金属弹片42为弹性铜制作的弹片,依次由导弧端头421、焊接接触面422、连接臂423、固定端头424构成(见图27),软导体44为编织软铜线;滑块43安装在盒体所设置的滑槽内,压簧41安装在滑块的内腔中,其上端与滑块43内腔的顶部接触,其下端固定在盒体上,金属弹片42安装在滑块上,其固定端头424与软导体44连接,其焊接接触面422在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时与过电压保护元件的第二引脚312通过钎焊焊接,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使所述焊接接触面422与过电压保护元件的第二引脚312分离后,通过压簧弹性恢复力对滑块的作用,由滑块带动金属弹片向上运动至盒体左上方所设置的第一限位壁202处,软导体44与第二电极7相连。所述灭弧装置5由灭弧栅片组51、第一引弧片52、第二引弧片53、转动块54和扭簧55组成(见图11、图12、图13);转动块54为条形块,由尼龙制作,其上端端部设置有电弧反射板541,其下端端部设置有安装孔544,其靠近电弧反射板处设置有灭弧腔542,在灭弧腔542与安装孔544之间设置有导轨槽543(见图28);灭弧栅片组51的结构如图17、图18、图19所示,为整体式结构,由陶瓷通过模具成型,内部由图20、图21所示的截面交替排列形成迷宫式灭弧结构,第一引弧片52和第二引弧片53用镀铜铁片制作;转动块通过其下端端部设置的安装孔544套装在盒体所设置的销轴204上,并与该销轴铰连,扭簧55安装在转动块上并与所述销轴204相连;灭弧栅片组51安装在盒体2与外壳壳体11围成的灭弧室内,第一引弧片52的一端与灭弧栅片组51的左端连接,其另一端定位在所述盒体上并靠近所述第一限位壁202,第二引弧片53的一端与灭弧栅片组51的右端连接,其另一端定位在盒体上并靠近所述第二限位壁,第二引弧片53靠近过电压保护元件第二引脚312处为V形凸起,以便加快引弧速度。所述指示装置6包括绿色显示片61和红色标记纸62,红色标记纸62贴在所述滑块43的上端端面,所述绿色显示片61铰接在盒体上(见图11、图12、图13),在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,绿色显示片61位于所述滑块43之上被显露,在过电压元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片与过电压保护元件分离后,绿色显示片61在所述滑块的作用下转至盒体侧面,贴在滑块43上端端面的红色标记纸被显露,操作者可通过壳体顶面设置的透明窗12观察。
实施例2
本实施例中,高安全性电涌保护器由外壳1,位于外壳内的过电压保护元件3、脱离装置4、灭弧装置5、指示装置6和盒体2组成。与实施例1不同的是:排气口111设置在外壳壳体11的右侧面上部(见图2);灭弧室出气口201设置在盒体2右上方侧面(见图4,图8、图9和图10)。
实施例3
本实施例中,高安全性电涌保护器由外壳1,位于外壳内的过电压保护元件3、脱离装置4、灭弧装置5、指示装置6和盒体2组成。与实施例1不同的是:排气口111设置在外壳壳体11的右侧面(见图3);灭弧室出气口201设置在盒体2右上方侧面(见图6,图14、图15和图16);所述盒体2的一面设置有安装电压保护元件3的腔体,其另一面的右上方侧面设置有灭弧室出气口201、左上方设置有第一限位壁202、左下方设置有第三限位壁206,右下方设置有第二限位壁203、第一限位壁的左侧设置有安装滑块的滑槽,第二限位壁的左侧设置有引导转动块转动的导轨205,所述导轨下方设置有销轴204;在电压保护元件3处于正常状态时,灭弧装置中的转动块54设置有电弧反射板541一端的侧面与脱离装置中的金属弹片42接触,且转动块54的左侧面由第三限位壁206限位(见图6、图14、图15、图16);灭弧栅片组51的结构如图23、图24、图25和图26所示,由金属栅片组成迷宫式灭弧结构,第一引弧片52和第二引弧片53用镀铜铁片制作;灭弧栅片组51安装在盒体2与外壳壳体11围成的灭弧室内,第一引弧片52的一端与灭弧栅片组51的左端靠近(其间留有间隙),其另一端定位在所述盒体上并靠近所述第一限位壁202,第二引弧片53的一端与灭弧栅片组51的右端靠近(其间留有间隙),其另一端定位在盒体上并靠近所述第二限位壁,第二引弧片53靠近过电压保护元件第二引脚312处为V形凸起,以便加快引弧速度。
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Claims (10)

  1. 一种高安全性电涌保护器,包括外壳(1),位于外壳内的至少一个过电压保护元件(3)、用于将过电压保护元件与交流电路或直流电路或设备分离的脱离装置(4)、用于熄灭过电压保护元件与交流电路或直流电路或设备分离过程中所产生电弧的灭弧装置(5)和盒体(2),所述过电压保护元件设置有与第一电极(8)连接的第一引脚(311)和通过脱离装置与第二电极(7)连接或分离的第二引脚(312)并安装在所述盒体上,其特征在于:
    所述脱离装置(4)由压簧(41)、金属弹片(42)、滑块(43)和软导体(44)组成;滑块(43)安装在所述盒体设置的滑槽内,压簧(41)的一端与滑块(43)接触,其另一端固定在所述盒体上,金属弹片(42)安装在滑块上,其一端与软导体(44)连接,其另一端在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时与过电压保护元件的第二引脚(312)焊接,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使该端与过电压保护元件的第二引脚(312)分离后,通过压簧弹性恢复力对滑块的作用,由滑块带动金属弹片运动至所述盒体上设置的第一限位壁(202)处,软导体(44)与第二电极(7)相连;
    所述灭弧装置(5)由灭弧栅片组(51)、第一引弧片(52)、第二引弧片(53)、转动块(54)和扭簧(55)组成;转动块(54)为条形块,其一端端部设置有电弧反射板(541),其另一端端部设置有安装孔(544),其靠近电弧反射板处设置有灭弧腔(542),转动块通过其端部设置的安装孔(544)套装在所述盒体设置的销轴(204)上,并与该销轴铰连,所述销轴(204)的设置位置:在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,转动块设置有电弧反射板(541)一端的侧面与金属弹片接触,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片与过电压保护元件分离后,转动块在扭簧(55)的作用下转动至所述盒体上设置的第二限位壁(203)处时,转动块上设置的灭弧腔(542)罩住与金属弹片分离后的过电压保护元件的第二引脚;扭簧(55)安装在转动块上并与所述销轴(204)相连;灭弧栅片组(51)安装在所述盒体(2)与外壳围成的灭弧室内,第一引弧片(52)的一端与灭弧栅片组(51)的左端连接或靠近,第一引弧片(52)的另一端定位在所述盒体上并靠近所述第一限位壁(202),第二引弧片(53)的一端与灭弧栅片组(51)的右端连接或靠近,第二引弧片(53)的另一端定位在盒体上并靠近所述第二限位壁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于还包括指示装置(6),所述指示装置(6)包括绿色显示片(61)和红色标记纸(62),红色标记纸(62)贴在所述滑块(43)的上端端面,所述绿色显示片(61)铰接在盒体上,在过电压保护元件处于正常状态时,绿色显示片(61)位于所述滑块(43)之上被显露,在过电压保护元件处于非正常状态并致使金属弹片与过电压保护元件分离后,绿色显示片(61)在所述滑块的作用下转至盒体侧面,贴在滑块(43)上端端面的红色标记纸被显露;在所述外壳壳体(11)的顶部设置有显露绿色显示片(61)或红色标记纸(62)的透明窗(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述金属弹片(42)依次由导弧端头(421)、焊接接触面(422)、连接臂(423)、固定端头(424)构成。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述电涌保护器,其特征在于所述盒体上设置有灭弧室出气口(201),外壳壳体(11)对应所述灭弧室出气口的部位设置有排气口(111)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述盒体上设置有灭弧室出气口(201),外壳壳体(11)对应所述灭弧室出气口的部位设置有排气口(111)。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述转动块(54)在灭弧腔(542)与安装孔(544)之间设置有导轨槽(543),所述盒体的相应部位设置有与导轨槽匹配的导轨(205)。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述转动块(54)在灭弧腔(542)与安装孔(544)之间设置有导轨槽(543),所述盒体的相应部位设置有与导轨槽匹配的导轨(205)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于第二引弧片(53)靠近过电压保护元件第二引脚(312)处为V形凸起。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述金属弹片(42)为弹性铜制作的弹片,软导体44为编织软铜线。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述高安全性电涌保护器,其特征在于所述外壳(1)、盒体(2)、滑块(43)和转动块(54)用产气绝缘材料制作。
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