WO2014165188A1 - Technologie combinée de chaleur et puissance pour usines de liquéfaction de gaz naturel - Google Patents

Technologie combinée de chaleur et puissance pour usines de liquéfaction de gaz naturel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014165188A1
WO2014165188A1 PCT/US2014/024705 US2014024705W WO2014165188A1 WO 2014165188 A1 WO2014165188 A1 WO 2014165188A1 US 2014024705 W US2014024705 W US 2014024705W WO 2014165188 A1 WO2014165188 A1 WO 2014165188A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
steam
turbine
gaseous communication
gas turbine
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PCT/US2014/024705
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English (en)
Inventor
Bret Shapot
Devendra Agrawal
John Ray
Eric Southward
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Apache Corporation
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Publication of WO2014165188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014165188A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/24—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by separately-fired heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F01K17/025—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/064—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle in combination with an industrial process, e.g. chemical, metallurgical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0287—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings including an electrical motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/22—Compressor driver arrangement, e.g. power supply by motor, gas or steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to systems and methods for the generation of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Natural gas can be converted to liquefied natural gas ("LNG”) by cooling it to about - 161°C, depending on the exact composition of the natural gas, which reduces its volume to about 1 /600th of its original value. This reduction in volume can make transportation more economical.
  • the LNG can be transferred to a cryogenic storage tank located on an ocean-going ship. Once the ship arrives at its destination, the LNG can be offloaded to a regasification facility, in which it is converted back into gas by heating it. Once the LNG has been regasified, the natural gas can be transported by pipeline or other means to a location where the natural gas can be used as a fuel or a raw material for manufacturing other chemicals.
  • the conventional process for LNG production involves gas turbine driven refrigeration compressors.
  • the exhaust flue gas from the gas turbines is typically discharged to the atmosphere.
  • Additional compression power is typically supplied through use of gas turbine generators or other external sources, with the help of large synchronous motors with load commutated inverter (“LCI”) drives, which require additional fuel gas consumption leading to higher operating costs and higher plant greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Synchronous motors are larger, more expensive, less reliable and require more control equipment than induction motors, but large induction motors that can operate at high speeds are not known in the art.
  • the present disclosure overcomes one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art by providing systems and methods to recover and utilize waste heat generated in LNG facilities, thereby reducing fuel gas consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the separation of the power facility from the liquefaction area allows for more efficient operation of the power unit and utilization of plot space as the equipment used requires significant space that is not generally available in the liquefaction area.
  • hydrocarbon waste liquid streams may be burned in the gas turbine exhaust duct to provide supplemental energy needs of the process and to simultaneously eliminate a stream that is otherwise difficult to dispose of economically.
  • Natural gas or other supplemental gas fuel may also be burned if additional energy is required for power production and/or heating services. For flexibility, sparing, and to facilitate plant startups, a separate standalone boiler may also be provided.
  • the present disclosure provides a system for the generation of liquefied natural gas comprising a first gas turbine, a first steam generator in gaseous communication with the first gas turbine, a second gas turbine, a second steam generator in gaseous communication with the second gas turbine, a steam turbine in gaseous communication with the first steam generator and the second steam generator, and an electrical generator in mechanical communication with the steam turbine.
  • Gas turbines are routinely used in the production of liquefied natural gas
  • the present disclosure provides an improved system and process for the production of liquefied natural gas using gas turbines, the improvement comprising a waste heat recovery system comprising a first steam generator in gaseous communication with a first gas turbine, a second steam generator in gaseous communication with a second gas turbine, a steam turbine in gaseous communication with the first steam generator and the second steam generator, and an electrical generator in mechanical communication with the steam turbine.
  • a waste heat recovery system comprising a first steam generator in gaseous communication with a first gas turbine, a second steam generator in gaseous communication with a second gas turbine, a steam turbine in gaseous communication with the first steam generator and the second steam generator, and an electrical generator in mechanical communication with the steam turbine.
  • the disclosed system can further comprise a first drive shaft attached to the first gas turbine and a second drive shaft attached to the second gas turbine.
  • the disclosed system can further comprise at least a first refrigeration compressor connected or attached to the first drive shaft and at least a second refrigeration compressor connected or attached to the second shaft.
  • the disclosed system comprises at least a third refrigeration compressor connected or attached to the first drive shaft.
  • the system further comprises at least a first cooler or a plurality of coolers in liquid communication with the at least a first refrigeration compressor and at least a second cooler or a plurality of coolers in liquid communication with the at least a second refrigeration compressor.
  • the system can further comprise a scrub column in gaseous communication with the coolers.
  • the system can comprise a cryogenic heat exchanger in gaseous communication with the scrub column.
  • the system can also include a liquefied natural gas storage tank in liquid communication with the cryogenic heat exchanger.
  • the system further comprises a boil off gas compressor in gaseous communication with the liquefied natural gas storage tank.
  • the system can comprise a boil off gas compressor motor connected to the boil off gas compressor and electrically connected to the generator.
  • the boil off gas compressor motor is generally a high speed synchronous or induction motor, although other types of motors can find utility in certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • the high speed synchronous or induction motor can be connected to a variable frequency drive, although other types of drives can be used in certain applications.
  • the present disclosure also provides a waste heat recovery system, comprising a first gas turbine, a first steam generator in gaseous communication with the first gas turbine, a second gas turbine, a second steam generator in gaseous communication with the second gas turbine, a steam turbine in gaseous communication with the first steam generator and the second steam generator, and an electrical generator in mechanical communication with the steam turbine.
  • the present disclosure additionally provides a method for the reduction of fuel gas consumption during the production of liquefied natural gas in a liquefied natural gas facility comprising a first gas turbine that generates a first amount of waste heat upon operation and a second gas turbine that generates a second amount of waste heat upon operation, comprising utilizing the first amount of waste heat from the first gas turbine in a first heat recovery steam generator to produce a first amount of steam, utilizing the second amount of waste heat from the second gas turbine in a second heat recovery steam generator to produce a second amount of steam, utilizing at least a portion of the first amount of steam and the second amount of steam in a steam turbine, producing electricity from a generator connected to the steam turbine, and utilizing the electricity to power at least a first process that consumes electrical power generated from fuel gas used during the production of liquefied natural gas in a liquefied natural gas facility, thereby reducing fuel gas consumption.
  • the at least a first process that consumes electrical power generated from fuel gas includes, but is not limited to, operation of a first helper motor, operation of a second helper motor, operation of a boil off gas compressor motor or production of electricity used in the liquefied natural gas facility.
  • the present disclosure further provides a method for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during the production of liquefied natural gas in a liquefied natural gas facility comprising a first gas turbine that generates a first amount of waste heat upon operation and a second gas turbine that generates a second amount of waste heat upon operation, comprising utilizing the first amount of waste heat from the first gas turbine in a first heat recovery steam generator to produce a first amount of steam, utilizing the second amount of waste heat from the second gas turbine in a second heat recovery steam generator to produce a second amount of steam, utilizing at least a portion of the first amount of steam and the second amount of steam in a steam turbine, producing electricity from a generator connected to the steam turbine, and utilizing the electricity to power at least a first process that generates greenhouse gas emissions used during the production of liquefied natural gas in a liquefied natural gas facility, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic of a waste heat recovery system.
  • FIG. 2. Schematic of LNG facility.
  • the HRSG 103 may be installed vertically or horizontally, and may produce steam at one or more pressure levels.
  • the heat recovery device could also use heating fluids other than steam, such as organic fluids (not shown).
  • First exhaust line 102 generally comprises a duct burner (not shown), which can use waste liquid or gas from line 130 and/or supplemental fuel gas from line 132 to produce additional heat for the HRSG 103.
  • Waste heat recovery system 100 also comprises a second gas turbine 112 connected to a refrigeration compressor 118, although in other embodiments (not shown) the second gas turbine 112 can be connected to a plurality of refrigeration compressors 118.
  • the refrigeration compressors 111 and 118 take low pressure refrigerant streams 138, 139, and 141 and compress them into high pressure refrigerant streams 137, 140, and 142.
  • the second gas turbine 112 produces hot exhaust gas that travels through second exhaust line 113 (which can also comprise a duct burner, not shown) to a second heat recovery steam generator 114, which takes boiler feed water from second water line 115 and produces steam that travels through second steam line 116.
  • Second steam line 116 joins first steam line 105 to form third steam line 121, which splits into fourth steam line 122 and fifth steam line 123.
  • Fourth steam line 122 directs steam to higher temperature process heating tasks 106, for example heating of the gas used to regenerate natural gas feed dehydrators.
  • Low pressure steam is extracted from the steam turbine into low pressure steam line 128 and supplies heat to the lower temperature process heating tasks 129, which can include, but are not limited to, natural gas feed heating, and other lower temperature heating demands.
  • Condensate from the process heating tasks 106 and 129 travels through first condensate line 124.
  • Fifth steam line 123 directs steam to steam turbine 107, and wet steam from the steam turbine 107 travels through second condensate line 125 to condenser 143.
  • Condensate from condenser 143 flows through line 144, which joins first condensate line 124 to form fourth condensate line 126, which takes the condensate to a water treatment facility 127.
  • the water is treated to remove dissolved solids and de-aerated to remove oxygen and carbon dioxide. Dissolved solids are also prevented from building up in the water by blowing down a small portion of the water. The blowdown is replaced by makeup water, which is also treated for solids removal and de-aerated.
  • Steam turbine 107 is connected to synchronous generator 108, which generates electricity for a number of different uses in the LNG facility.
  • Line 1003 conveys treated and dehydrated gas to liquefaction unit 1014, and LNG exits through line 1004 to storage and loading unit 1015, from which LNG is loaded for shipping through line 1005.
  • Liquefaction unit 1014 contains the refrigeration compressors 111 and 118 (shown in FIG. 1), with low pressure refrigerant streams 138, 139, and 141 being compressed by compressors 111 and 118 (see FIG. 1) into high pressure refrigerant streams 137, 140, and 142.
  • High pressure refrigerant streams 137, 140 and 142 feed into evaporators (not shown), which can include propane, propylene, Freon®, ammonia, or a mixed refrigerant, in the liquefaction unit 1014 generating low pressure refrigerant streams that feed back into the refrigeration compressors 111 and 118 (see FIG. 1).
  • the liquefaction unit 1014 can also comprise a scrub column (not shown) and/or a cryogenic heat exchanger ("CHE", not shown; but typically a spiral wound exchanger or series of such exchangers).
  • the liquefaction unit 1014 could also be a series of brazed aluminum exchangers and separators located inside a cryogenically insulated cold box (not shown).
  • Boil-off gas is routed through line 1009 and split into lines 1010 and 131.
  • Line 1010 flows to gas treating and dehydration 1013 where it is used for regenerating the gas dehydrators, and then flows out through line 136 to be used as fuel in gas turbines 101 and 112.
  • Line 131 conveys boil-off gas not used for fuel back to liquefaction unit 1014 to be re-liquefied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Systèmes et procédés de génération de gaz naturel liquide ("GNL").
PCT/US2014/024705 2013-03-13 2014-03-12 Technologie combinée de chaleur et puissance pour usines de liquéfaction de gaz naturel WO2014165188A1 (fr)

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US13/799,036 2013-03-13

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CN104454047A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-03-25 新余钢铁集团有限公司 螺杆膨胀机发电后二次蒸汽回收利用系统
US9771824B2 (en) 2015-09-22 2017-09-26 General Electric Company Method and system for an electric and steam supply system
EP3371535A4 (fr) * 2015-11-06 2019-10-30 Fluor Technologies Corporation Systèmes et procédés de réfrigération et de liquéfaction de gnl
FR3086373B1 (fr) 2018-09-20 2020-12-11 Air Liquide Installation et procede d'epuration et de liquefaction de gaz naturel
CN110578565B (zh) * 2019-08-23 2021-12-14 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 分布式联合循环发电机组协同调峰与供热的系统与方法
CN110671206A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-01-10 华润电力郑州航空港智慧能源有限公司 一种分布式能源电站系统和能源梯级利用方法

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