WO2014163463A1 - 멀티 레이어 비디오 부호화 방법 및 장치, 멀티 레이어 비디오 복호화 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
멀티 레이어 비디오 부호화 방법 및 장치, 멀티 레이어 비디오 복호화 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/187—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a scalable video layer
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding video composed of multiple layers such as scalable video and multiview video, and more particularly, to a high level syntax structure for signaling of multilayer video. .
- image data is encoded by a codec according to a predetermined data compression standard, for example, the Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) standard, and then stored in an information storage medium in the form of a bitstream or transmitted through a communication channel.
- MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group
- Scalable video coding is a video compression method for appropriately adjusting and transmitting information in response to various communication networks and terminals.
- Scalable video coding provides a video encoding method capable of adaptively serving various transmission networks and various receiving terminals using a single video stream.
- Multi-view video coding Multiview Video Coding
- video is encoded according to a limited coding scheme based on a macroblock having a predetermined size.
- a coded decoding method for improving invalidation efficiency is provided.
- An image decoding method may include: obtaining a layer identifier of at least one layer to be decoded layer image from a multilayer video bitstream; Obtaining a flag from the bitstream indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier; Obtaining scalability information belonging to at least one type of a plurality of types of scalability information of different types from the layer identifier as the flag indicates to obtain a plurality of scalability information from the layer identifier; And reconstructing the image by decoding the decoding target layer image by using the scalability information.
- Compression efficiency is improved by using the encoding and decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for encoding a multilayer video, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a multilayer video according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates NAL units including encoded data of a multilayer video according to an embodiment.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of a header of a NAL unit according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a header of a NAL unit including a layer identifier including two types of scalability information according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a header of an NAL unit including a layer identifier including three types of scalability information, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a partition dimension identifier table according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a dimension identifier table according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a multilayer video encoding method, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a multilayer video decoding apparatus, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a multilayer video decoding method, according to an embodiment.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate VPS extension syntax for signaling between an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a video encoding apparatus based on a coding unit having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a video decoding apparatus based on a coding unit having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 16 is a block diagram of an image encoder based on an encoding unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 17 is a block diagram of an image decoder based on a coding unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, and partitions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit and a transform unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 21 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 22, 23 and 24 illustrate a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transform unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transformation unit according to encoding mode information of Table 5.
- An image decoding method may include: obtaining a layer identifier of at least one layer to be decoded layer image from a multilayer video bitstream; Obtaining a flag from the bitstream indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier; Obtaining scalability information belonging to at least one type of a plurality of types of scalability information of different types from the layer identifier as the flag indicates to obtain a plurality of scalability information from the layer identifier; And reconstructing the image by decoding the decoding target layer image by using the scalability information.
- Obtaining the scalability information may include generating the scalability information from a portion of the representation of the value of the layer identifier if the value of the flag is one.
- the target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information
- the representation of the layer identifier may include, as a part, a dimension identifier indicating a scalability dimension for a plurality of scalability types.
- the target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the plurality of scalability information may be sequentially included in a binary representation of the layer identifier in a binary partial identifier.
- the obtaining of the scalability information may include obtaining a syntax indicating a number of types of scalability information included in the layer identifier from the bit stream; And obtaining scalability information of the decoding target layer image from the layer identifier by using a syntax indicating the number of types.
- the obtaining of the scalability information may include: obtaining, from the bit stream, a syntax indicating a bit length of the scalability information included in the layer identifier in a binary representation of the layer identifier; And obtaining scalability information of the target layer image from the layer identifier by using a syntax indicating the bit length.
- the length of the scalability information included in the layer identifier last may be determined using the length of the scalability information and the scalability information except the scalability information included last in the scalability information included in the layer identifier. .
- the obtaining of the scalability information may include, in the bit stream, a set of scalability information generated according to a scalability information type of at least one layer to be decoded and a partial identifier of a layer identifier of the at least one layer to be decoded. Obtaining the set of scalability information according to a value of a flag indicating whether a flag is set; And obtaining scalability information of a target layer image by using the set of scalability information.
- the video encoding method comprising: encoding the image data into a multi-layer encoded video; Generating scalability information belonging to at least one type of scalability information of different types with respect to at least one encoding target layer image of the multilayer encoded image; Generating a layer identifier of the encoding target layer image by using the scalability information; Generating a flag indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier; And generating a bitstream including the layer identifier and the flag.
- the generating of the layer identifier of the encoding target layer image using the scalability information includes generating the layer identifier such that the representation of the value of the layer identifier includes the value of the scalability information as a part. can do.
- the encoding target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the representation of the layer identifier may include, as a part, a dimension identifier indicating a scalability dimension for a plurality of scalability types.
- the encoding target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the plurality of scalability information may be sequentially included in a binary representation of the layer identifier in a binary form.
- the generating of the layer identifier may include generating a syntax that indicates the number of types of scalability information included in the layer identifier.
- the generating of the layer identifier may include generating a syntax indicating a bit length that scalability information included in the layer identifier occupies in a binary representation of the layer identifier.
- the layer identifier may include a plurality of scalability information sequentially, and the indicator indicating the bit length may not indicate the bit length with respect to the scalability information last included in the layer identifier.
- the bitstream further includes a set of scalability information of the encoding target layer image generated according to a type of scalability information included in the at least one encoding target layer image and a partial identifier of a layer identifier of the at least one encoding target layer image. And a flag indicating that the set of scalability information is included in the bit stream.
- a multilayer video decoding apparatus comprising: a receiving unit for receiving a multilayer video bitstream; And a flag indicating whether scalability information is included in a layer identifier of at least one decoding target layer image obtained from the bitstream indicates that a plurality of scalability information is obtained from the layer identifier. And a decoder configured to reconstruct an image by decoding the decoding target layer image by using scalability information belonging to at least one type of a plurality of types of scalability information.
- the image encoding apparatus in the multilayer video encoding apparatus, belongs to at least one type of scalability information of different types with respect to at least one encoding target layer image among the multilayer encoded images. Generates scalability information, generates a layer identifier of the encoding target layer image using the scalability information, and generates a flag indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier to generate image data by using the multilayer encoded image.
- An encoding unit to encode with; And an output unit for generating a bitstream including the layer identifier and the flag.
- the present invention also provides a computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded thereon for executing a video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded thereon for executing a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 13. 13 to 25 a method of encoding a video and a method of decoding a video based on a coding unit having a tree structure according to an embodiment is disclosed.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for encoding a multilayer video, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the multilayer video encoding apparatus 10 includes a video encoder 11 and an output unit 12.
- the video encoder 11 receives and encodes a multilayer video.
- the video encoder 11 corresponds to a video coding layer that handles the input video encoding process itself. As described later with reference to FIGS. 13 to 25, the video encoder 11 may encode each picture included in the multilayer video based on a coding unit having a tree structure.
- the output unit 12 corresponds to a network abstraction layer (NAL) that adds and outputs encoded multilayer video data and additional information to a transmission data unit according to a predetermined format.
- the transmission data unit may be a NAL unit.
- the output unit 12 outputs the NAL unit by including multilayer video data and additional information in the NAL unit.
- the output unit 12 may output a bitstream generated using the NAL unit.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a multilayer video according to an embodiment.
- the multilayer video encoding apparatus 10 may include various spatial resolutions, various quality, various frame rates, A scalable bitstream may be output by encoding multilayer image sequences having different viewpoints. That is, the multilayer video encoding apparatus 10 may generate and output a scalable video bitstream by encoding an input image according to various scalability types. Scalability includes temporal, spatial, image quality, multi-point scalability, and combinations of such scalability. These scalabilities can be classified according to each type. In addition, scalabilities can be distinguished by dimension identifiers within each type.
- scalability has scalability types such as temporal, spatial, image quality and multi-point scalability.
- scalability types such as temporal, spatial, image quality and multi-point scalability.
- Each type may be divided into scalability dimension identifiers. For example, if you have different scalability, you can have different dimension identifiers. For example, the higher the scalability of the scalability type, the higher the scalability dimension may be assigned.
- a bitstream is called scalable if it can be separated from the bitstream into valid substreams.
- the spatially scalable bitstream includes substreams of various resolutions.
- the scalability dimension is used to distinguish different scalability from the same scalability type.
- the scalability dimension may be represented by a scalability dimension identifier.
- the spatially scalable bitstream may be divided into substreams having different resolutions such as QVGA, VGA, WVGA, and the like.
- layers with different resolutions can be distinguished using dimensional identifiers.
- the QVGA substream may have 0 as the spatial scalability dimension identifier value
- the VGA substream may have 1 as the spatial scalability dimension identifier value
- the WVGA substream may have 2 as the spatial scalability dimension identifier value. It can have
- a temporally scalable bitstream includes substreams having various frame rates.
- a temporally scalable bitstream may be divided into substreams having a frame rate of 7.5 Hz, a frame rate of 15 Hz, a frame rate of 30 Hz, and a frame rate of 60 Hz.
- Image quality scalable bitstreams can be divided into substreams having different qualities according to the Coarse-Grained Scalability (CGS) method, the Medium-Grained Scalability (MGS) method, and the Fine-Grained Scalability (GFS) method.
- CGS Coarse-Grained Scalability
- MMS Medium-Grained Scalability
- GFS Fine-Grained Scalability
- Temporal scalability may also be divided into different dimensions according to different frame rates
- image quality scalability may also be divided into different dimensions according to different methods.
- a multiview scalable bitstream includes substreams of different views within one bitstream.
- a bitstream includes a left image and a right image.
- the scalable bitstream may include substreams related to encoded data of a multiview image and a depth map. Viewability scalability may also be divided into different dimensions according to each view.
- the scalable video bitstream may include substreams in which at least one of temporal, spatial, image quality, and multi-point scalability is encoded with image sequences of a multilayer including different images.
- the image sequence 21 of the first layer, the image sequence 22 of the second layer, and the image sequence 23 of the nth (n is an integer) layer may be image sequences having at least one of a resolution, an image quality, and a viewpoint. have.
- an image sequence of one layer among the image sequence 21 of the first layer, the image sequence 22 of the second layer, and the image sequence 23 of the nth (n is an integer) layer may be an image sequence of the base layer.
- the image sequences of the other layers may be image sequences of the enhancement layer.
- the image sequence 21 of the first layer may include images of a first viewpoint
- the image sequence 22 of the second layer may include images of a second viewpoint
- the image sequence 23 of the n th layer may correspond to an n th viewpoint May be images.
- the image sequence 21 of the first layer is a left view image of the base layer
- the image sequence 22 of the second layer is a right view image of the base layer
- the image sequence 23 of the nth layer is It may be a right view image.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described example, and the image sequences 21, 22, and 23 having different scalable extension types may be image sequences having different image attributes.
- FIG. 3 illustrates NAL units including encoded data of a multilayer video according to an embodiment.
- the output unit 12 outputs NAL units including encoded multilayer video data and additional information.
- the video parameter set (hereinafter referred to as "VPS") includes information applied to the multilayer image sequences 32, 33, and 34 included in the multilayer video.
- the NAL unit containing the information about the VPS is called a VPS NAL unit 31.
- the VPS NAL unit 31 includes a common syntax element shared by the multilayer image sequences 32, 33, and 34, information about an operation point, and a profile to prevent unnecessary information from being transmitted. Includes essential information about the operating point needed during the session negotiation phase, such as (profile) or level.
- the VPS NAL unit 31 according to an embodiment includes scalability information related to a scalability identifier for implementing scalability in multilayer video.
- the scalability information is information for determining scalability applied to the multilayer image sequences 32, 33, and 34 included in the multilayer video.
- the scalability information includes information about scalability type and scalability dimension applied to the multilayer image sequences 32, 33, and 34 included in the multilayer video.
- scalability information may be directly obtained from a value of a layer identifier included in a NAL unit header.
- the layer identifier is an identifier for distinguishing a plurality of layers included in the VPS.
- the VPS may signal a layer identifier for each layer through a VPS extension.
- the layer identifier for each layer of the VPS may be included in the VPS NAL unit and signaled.
- layer identifiers of NAL units belonging to a specific layer of the VPS may be included in the VPS NAL unit.
- the layer identifier of the NAL unit belonging to the VPS may be signaled through a VPS extension. Therefore, in the decoding / decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention, scalability information about a layer of NAL units belonging to a corresponding VPS can be obtained using a VPS using layer identifier values of corresponding NAL units.
- scalability information may be obtained by referring to a scalability partition dimension table using a value obtained from a layer identifier.
- the scalability information for the corresponding NAL unit is referred to by referring to the scalability partition dimension table using the index of the order in which a specific partial identifier constituting a binary representation of the layer identifier value is located in the layer identifier and the value of the partial identifier.
- scalability information for a specific NAL unit may be obtained by referring to a scalability dimension table determined in order of a layer identifier value and scalability type.
- the layer identifier information is included in the SPS NAL units 32a, 33a, 34a including the sequence parameter set (SPS) information of each layer, or the PPS (Picture) of each layer. It may be included in the PPS NAL units 32b, 33b, and 34b including Parameter Set) information.
- SPS sequence parameter set
- PPS Physical Signal Set
- the SPS includes information commonly applied to an image sequence of one layer.
- Each of the SPS NALs 32a, 33a, 34a including the SPS includes information commonly applied to each of the image sequences 32, 33, 34.
- the PPS includes information commonly applied to pictures of one layer.
- Each of the PPS NALs 32b, 33b, and 34B including such a PPS includes information commonly applied to pictures of the same layer.
- the PPS may include information about an encoding mode of an entire picture, for example, an entropy encoding mode and an initial value of a quantization parameter of a picture unit. PPS need not be generated for every picture. That is, when there is no PPS, a PPS NAL unit including information on the set PPS may be generated by using a previously existing PPS and newly setting the PPS when information included in the PPS needs to be updated. have.
- the slice segment includes encoded data of at least one maximum coding unit, and the slice segment may be included in the slice segment NALs 32c, 33c, and 34c and transmitted.
- one video includes multilayer video sequences 32, 33, and 34.
- the SPS of each layer includes an SPS identifier (sequence_parameter_set_id), and the sequence including the PPS can be identified by specifying the SPS identifier in the PPS.
- the PPS includes a PPS identifier (picture_parameter_set_id), and the PPS identifier may be included in the slice segment to identify which PPS the slice segment uses.
- the SPS and layer information used for the slice segment may be identified using the SPS identifier included in the PPS indicated by the PPS identifier of the slice segment.
- the SPS identifier (sequence_parameter_set_id) of the first layer SPS NAL 32a has a value of zero.
- the first layer PPS NAL 32b included in the first layer image sequence 32 includes an SPS identifier (sequence_parameter_set_id) having a value of zero.
- the PPS identifier (picture_parameter_set_id) of the first layer PPS NAL 32b has a value of zero.
- the first layer slice segment NAL 32c referring to the first layer PPS NAL 32b has a PPS identifier (picture_parameter_set_id) having a value of zero.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of configuring one VPS
- the VPS identifier (video_parameter_set_id) may be included in the SPS NAL unit to identify the multilayer video including the NAL units among the plurality of multilayer videos.
- the VPS identifier (video_parameter_set_id) of the VPS NAL 31 has a value of 0, the SPS NALs 32a, 33a, and 34a included in one multilayer video have a VPS identifier (0).
- video_parameter_set_id may be included.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of a header of a NAL unit according to an embodiment.
- the NAL unit header has a total length of 2 bytes.
- the numbers 0 through 7 in FIG. 4B mean each bit included in 2 bytes.
- the NAL unit header is a forbidden_zero_bit (F) 41 having a value of 0 as a bit for identifying the NAL unit, an nal unit type (hereinafter referred to as "NUT" 42) 42 indicating the type of the NAL unit, and the following.
- a reserved region (reserved_zero_6bits) 43 reserved for future use may be assigned a layer identifier nuh_layer_id of the NAL unit. Accordingly, the identifier NUT 42 and the layer identifier 43 may be configured with 6 bits, respectively, and the temporal identifier (TID: temporal ID) 44 may be configured with 3 bits.
- the output unit 12 may use the reserved area 43 among the areas of the NAL unit header. have.
- a header of a NAL unit for scalable extension of a multilayer video includes a forbidden_zero_bit (F) having a value of 0 as a bit for identifying the NAL unit, and an identifier NUT (nal unit type) indicating the type of the NAL unit.
- F forbidden_zero_bit
- identifier NUT nucleic acid type
- it includes a reserved area 43 to which a layer identifier including scalability information is assigned.
- the corresponding NAL unit may be configured for Instantaneous Decoding Refresh (IDR) pictures, Clean Random Access (CRA) pictures, VPS, SPS, PPS, Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), and Adaptive Parameter Set (APS).
- IDR Instantaneous Decoding Refresh
- CRA Clean Random Access
- VPS Clean Random Access
- SPS SPS
- PPS Supplemental Enhancement Information
- APS Adaptive Parameter Set
- Parameter Set which may be identified as a NAL unit including information of a reserved NAL unit, which is reserved for future expansion, or an undefined NAL unit.
- Table 1 is a table showing types of NAL units according to Nal_unit_type (NUT) according to an embodiment.
- nal_unit_type Name of nal_unit_type Content of NAL unit and RBSP syntax structure 0 1 TRAIL_N TRAIL_R Coded slice segment of a non-TSA, non-STSA trailing picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp () 2 3 TSA_N TSA_R Coded slice segment of a TSA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp () 4 5 STSA_N STSA_R Coded slice segment of an STSA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp () 6 7 RADL_N RADL_R Coded slice segment of a RADL picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp () 8 9 RASL_N RASL_R Coded slice segment of a RASL picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp () 10 12 14 RSV_VCL_N10 RSV_VCL_N12 RSV_VCL_N14 Reserved non-IRAP sub
- RSV_VCL31 Reserved non-IRAP VCL NAL unit types 32 VPS_NUT Video parameter set video_parameter_set_rbsp () 33 SPS_NUT Sequence parameter set seq_parameter_set_rbsp () 34 PPS_NUT Picture parameter set pic_parameter_set_rbsp () 35 AUD_NUT Access unit delimiter access_unit_delimiter_rbsp () 36 EOS_NUT End of sequence end_of_seq_rbsp () 37 EOB_NUT End of bitstream end_of_bitstream_rbsp () 38 FD_NUT Filler data filler_data_rbsp () 39 40 PREFIX_SEI_NUT SUFFIX_SEI_NUT Supplemental enhancement information sei_rbsp () 41..47 RSV_NVCL41 .. RSV_NVCL47 Reserved
- nal_unit_type of a NAL unit including a VPS may be set to 32.
- the scalable extension type information of the multilayer video according to an embodiment may be included in NAL units reserved for future use, that is, nal_unit_type having NAL units having a value of 41-47.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the NAL unit type according to nal_unit_type may be changed.
- the video encoder 11 may generate a split flag (Splitting_flag), which is a flag indicating whether the decoding apparatus should split the layer identifier and generate the partial identifier in order to determine the scalability identifier, and include the split flag (Splitting_flag) in the NAL unit.
- the partial identifier may be an identifier that splits a bit representation of the layer identifier.
- the layer identifier may be divided into a plurality of partial identifiers.
- the video encoder 11 may set the value of Splitting_flag to 1 to signal that the scalability identifier should be determined using the value of the partial identifier generated by dividing the layer identifier.
- the video encoder 11 may set Splitting_flag to 0 in order to signal that the scalability identifier should be determined using the value of the unsplit layer identifier.
- the video encoder 11 may generate Split_dimension_present_flag, which is a flag indicating whether or not the partial identifier generated by dividing the layer identifier, should be used as a reference index of the split dimension identifier table, and included in the NAL unit.
- the video encoder 11 may set split_dimension_present_flag to 1 to signal that split_dimension_id [] [] is provided, and set split_dimension_present_flag to 0 to signal that split_dimension_id [] [] is not provided. .
- the video encoder 11 may generate split_dimension_id [] [] which is a split dimension identifier table.
- split_dimension_id [i] [j] represents the j-th dimension identifier of the i-th scalability dimension type. i, j are zero or a positive integer.
- the video encoder 11 may sequentially set an index from 0 to each scalability type according to the order of the scalability type predetermined between the decoders.
- the video encoder 11 may not generate a split_dimension_id [i] [j] value when the value of split_dimension_id [i] [j] is 0 for a specific i and j.
- the number of bits for the representation of split_dimension_id [i] [j] is dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] +1 and dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] is 1 minus the bit length of the dimension identifier received from the encoding apparatus.
- the video encoder 11 sets Splitting_flag to 1 and Split_dimension_present_flag to 0 to signal that the value of the scalability identifier should be obtained directly from the value of the partial identifier without referring to the split dimension identifier table.
- the values of Splitting_flag and Split_dimension_present_flag may be set to 1.
- the video encoder 11 may generate Scalability_mask, which is information on what type of scalability type is used, and include the Scalability_mask in the NAL unit. Scalability_mask may be an index or a flag.
- scalability_mask [i] sets the order of the predetermined scalability types between the decoders as indexes for each scalability type, and an array of flags sequentially indicating whether each scalability type is used as 1 and 0 according to each index. Can be.
- the order of the scalability type may be previously promised between the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus, or may be separately signaled.
- each scalability type has a scalability_mask [with i equal to 0 or a positive integer value. i] may sequentially correspond from index 0.
- scalability_mask [0] is viewpoint scalability
- scalability_mask [1] is spatial scalability
- scalability_mask [2] is temporal scalability
- the video encoder 11 uses a viewpoint scalability type.
- Scalability_mask [0] may be set to 1 and scalability_mask [1] and scalability_mask [2] may be set to 0 to signal that the spatial scalability type and the temporal scalability type are not used.
- the video encoder 11 may determine the bit length of each segmentation identifier and signal it to the decoding apparatus.
- the video encoder 11 may determine the length of each partition identifier and signal it to the decoding apparatus to include the dimension identifier for the specific scalability type in the partial identifier of the layer identifier. For example, the video encoder 11 may determine the bit length of the segmentation identifier and signal the determined bit length to the decoding apparatus. Alternatively, the video encoder 11 may determine the length of each partition identifier and signal it to the decoding apparatus to include the identifier for the specific scalability type for referring to the partition dimension identifier table in the partial partition identifier of the layer identifier. have. For example, the video encoder 11 may determine the bit length of the segmentation identifier and signal the determined bit length to the decoding apparatus.
- the video encoder 11 may generate a bit length of a segmentation identifier indicating the dimensional identifier of the scalability type for each scalability type and include it in the NAL unit.
- the video encoder 11 may signal dimension_id_len_minus1 [i], which is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of the i-th partitioning identifier having i as an index, to the decoding apparatus. i is zero or a positive integer.
- the video encoder 11 may not signal the length of the split identifier of the scalability type having the last index to the decoding apparatus.
- the bit length of the partition identifier may not be signaled to the decoding apparatus for the scalability type having the last index among the scalability types applied to the encoded image. Therefore, the bit length of the partition identifier for the scalability type having the last index may not be included in the NAL unit. This is because the decoding apparatus does not obtain the bit length of the partition identifier for the scalability type having the last index from the NAL unit, but directly uses the bit lengths of the partition identifier of the scalability type except the scalability type having the last index. This is because it is possible to determine the bit length of the partition identifier of the scalability type with.
- the video encoder 11 may further signal max_layers_scalability_dimension, which is an identifier indicating the maximum number of layers for the scalability dimension type indicated by the i-th scalability mask.
- max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] represents the maximum number of layers for the scalability dimension type indicated by the i-th scalability index. I is zero or a positive integer. The number of bits used for the representation of max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] is dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] +1 bits.
- max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 may be used to inform the maximum number of layers corresponding to each scalability dimension type. Such information may be usefully used for content information delivery or session negotiation.
- dimension_id [i] [j] represents a scalability dimension identifier value for the j-th scalability type of the i-th layer.
- the j th of the layer identifier of the i th layer As the value of the partial identifier becomes equal to the value of dimension_id [i] [j], dimension_id [i] [j] can be inferred from the value of nuh_layer_id.
- split_dimension_id [i] [j] may be signaled by the number of max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] to map each partial identifier of nuh_layer_id to a specific value of dimension_id.
- j may be an integer from 1 to max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i].
- split_dimension_id [i] [j] is the dimension identifier value of the j th layer for the i th scalability type and i is 0 or a positive integer.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] which is the length of the last splitting identifier in the layer identifier, does not need to be signaled. This is because the last value can be inferred as the sum of other dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] values. In one embodiment, the sum of the values of other dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] is equal to 6 when the value of splitting_flag is equal to 1.
- the layer identifier described below may be included layer by layer in the VPS to identify a NAL unit for a specific layer of the VPS, and may be included in the header of each NAL unit.
- the layer identifier may be included in the extension area of the VPS to identify the NAL unit for a particular layer of the VPS.
- Each scalability identifier ScalabilityId [i] [smIdx] represents an identifier of the smIdx-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer. i and smIdx may be zero or a positive integer.
- the video encoder 11 generates a layer identifier for at least one layer among a plurality of layers of the VPS by using a dimension identifier of at least one scalability type as a partition identifier and combining the partition identifiers.
- a dimension identifier of at least one scalability type as a partition identifier and combining the partition identifiers.
- the video encoder 11 combines bits of dimensional identifiers of different scalability types to determine a layer identifier, thereby converting a contiguous combination of partial identifiers representing the dimensional identifier of each scalability type into a layer identifier. You can decide.
- the scalability type and the scalability dimension identifier may be represented by a sequential arrangement of scalability dimension identifiers according to scalability types in the layer identifier.
- a method in which the video encoder 11 expresses a plurality of scalability information using the layer identifier will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a header of a NAL unit including a layer identifier including two types of scalability information.
- the layer identifier located in the reserved area may represent two scalability information.
- the layer identifier may be partitioned into two partial identifiers.
- the first partial identifier 51 may include a dimension identifier of the first scalability type
- the second partial identifier 52 may include a dimension identifier of the second scalability type.
- the first partial identifier may include a dimension identifier value for spatial scalability
- the second partial identifier may include a dimension identifier value for temporal scalability.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a header of a NAL unit including a layer identifier including three types of scalability types of dimension identifiers.
- the hierarchical identifier is represented as a reserved area as shown in FIG. 5.
- the layer identifier may represent three types of scalability types.
- the layer identifier may be partitioned into three partial identifiers that include dimension identifiers of each scalability type.
- the first partial identifier 61 includes the dimension identifier of the first scalability type
- the second partial identifier 62 includes the dimension identifier of the second scalability type
- the third partial identifier 63 includes the third partial identifier 63.
- the first scalability type may be spatial scalability
- the second scalability type may be temporal scalability
- the third scalability type may be a reference scalability.
- the number of types of scalability included in the layer identifier may be an integer number.
- the scalability dimension identifier included in the layer identifier may be represented by an integer number of bits.
- the layer identifier described in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 has been described as represented by six bits, when the bit length of the layer identifier is extended, the number of scalability types represented by the layer identifier and the number of bits representing the scalability dimension identifier May increase according to the bit length of the extended layer identifier.
- the video encoder 11 signals to the decoding apparatus that it is possible to determine the value of the scalability identifier by directly obtaining the value of the scalability identifier from the value of the partial identifier without referring to the partition dimension identifier table.
- Splitting_flag can be set to 1 and Split_dimension_present_flag can be set to 0.
- the video encoder 11 may signal the scalability type used for decoding to the decoding apparatus using Scalability_mask []. In addition, the video encoder 11 may signal the bit length of the fragment identifier for the i-th scalability type used for decoding to the decoding apparatus using dimension_id_len_minus1 [i]. In the first embodiment, since the partition identifier is directly used as the dimension identifier, dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] used to indicate the length of the partition identifier may be used to indicate the length of the dimension identifier. The video encoder 11 may perform signaling by including Scalability_mask [] and dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] in the VPS and transmitting the same to the decoding apparatus.
- the video encoder 11 generates an index for referring to the partition dimension identifier table and the partition dimension identifier table, and generates a VPS NAL unit using the index to decode the scalability type and the dimension identifier. May be signaled.
- the split dimension identifier table split_dimension_id [i] [j] may have the same format as the identifier table shown in FIG. 7.
- 7 illustrates a partition dimension identifier table according to an embodiment.
- i is an index 72 of scalability type
- j is an identifier index 71 of scalability type.
- split_dimension_id [0] [8] is referred to as an eighth identifier index in temporal scalability
- split_dimension_id [0] [8] represents a scalability identifier value 1.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a partition dimension identifier table according to an embodiment.
- i is an index 72 of scalability type
- j is an identifier index 71 of scalability type.
- split_dimension_id [0] [8] is referred to as an eighth identifier index in temporal scalability
- split_dimension_id [0] [8] represents a scalability identifier value
- the index of the scalability type according to the order of the scalability type may be a predetermined value between the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus, or may be separately signaled to the decoding apparatus by the encoding apparatus. Similar to the method described in the first embodiment, the video encoder 11 may include a partial identifier indicating an identifier index for each scalability type according to the index of the scalability type.
- the first partial identifier 51 of the layer identifier includes an identifier index 71 of the first scalability type 72 in the partition dimension identifier table, and the second partial identifier 52. ) May include the identifier index 71 of the second scalability type 72 in the split dimension identifier table.
- the video encoder 11 assigns the information about the scalability type and the scalability dimension identifier within the bit length of the layer identifier so that the number and the partial identifiers of the scalability type are different. It is possible to limit the bit length of.
- the video encoder 11 may use the scalability information representation method according to the first and second embodiments together. If the scalability dimension identifier value for a particular scalability type is not represented by the bit length of the partial identifier allocated to represent the corresponding dimension identifier in the layer identifier, the video encoder 11 according to the first embodiment may perform the above-described method.
- a partition dimension identifier table is generated according to the second embodiment, and an identifier index for referencing the dimension identifier of the scalability type is found in the partition dimension identifier table. It may be assigned to a specific partial identifier corresponding to the scalability type in the layer identifier.
- the video encoder 11 may transmit a dimension identifier table dimension_id [i] [j] indicating a dimension identifier for the scalability type of each layer included in the VPS NAL unit.
- 8 is a diagram illustrating a dimension identifier table according to an embodiment.
- the dimension identifier table dimension_id [i] [j] is a table indicating a dimension identifier value of the j-th scalability dimension type in the i-th layer.
- the index of the scalability dimension type according to the scalability type order may be a predetermined value between the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus, or may be a value that is separately signaled to the decoding apparatus.
- the method according to the first embodiment is a partitioning method of allocating bits of the layer identifier to a specific scalability identifier.
- the method according to the second embodiment is a method of mapping the bits of the layer identifier to a specific scalability identifier.
- the method according to the third embodiment is to map the layer identifier value to the scalability identifier. All three methods may require a syntax element in VPS extension.
- mapping method according to the third embodiment has the effect of more effectively using a limited amount of bits in the NAL unit header, while requiring more complicated signaling and processing than the method according to the first and second embodiments. do.
- the partitioning method according to the first embodiment may be applied before the mapping method according to the second embodiment and the mapping method according to the third embodiment.
- the mapping method according to the second embodiment may be applied before the mapping method according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a coding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a coding method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
- the encoding apparatus in the multilayer video encoding method
- the image data is encoded into a multilayer encoded image (S910).
- the encoding apparatus generates scalability information belonging to at least one type of scalability information of different types with respect to at least one encoding target layer image of the multilayer encoded image (S920).
- the encoding apparatus generates a layer identifier of an encoding target layer image by using scalability information (S930).
- the encoding apparatus may generate the layer identifier such that the representation of the value of the layer identifier includes the value of the scalability information as a part.
- the encoding apparatus may generate a syntax including an indicator indicating the number of types of scalability information included in the layer identifier.
- the encoding target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the encoding apparatus may generate the layer identifier such that the representation of the layer identifier includes a dimension identifier indicating a scalability dimension for the plurality of scalability types.
- the plurality of scalability information may be included in the binary representation of the layer identifier in succession in binary form.
- the encoding apparatus may generate a syntax including an indicator indicating a bit length that scalability information included in the layer identifier occupies in the binary representation of the layer identifier.
- the layer identifier may include a plurality of scalability information sequentially, and the encoding apparatus may generate a syntax including an indicator indicating the bit length so that the scalability information last included in the layer identifier does not indicate the bit length. Can be.
- the encoding apparatus generates a flag indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier (S940).
- the encoding apparatus generates a bitstream including the layer identifier and the flag (S950).
- the bitstream further includes a set of scalability information of the encoding target layer image generated according to the scalability information type included in the at least one encoding target layer image and the partial identifier of the layer identifier of the at least one encoding target layer image. It may further include a flag indicating that the set of capability information is included in the bit stream.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a multilayer video decoding apparatus, according to an embodiment.
- the multilayer video decoding apparatus 1100 includes a receiver 1110 and a video decoder 1120.
- the receiver 1110 receives the multilayer video bit stream.
- the receiver 110 may receive a bitstream and receive a NAL unit of a network abstraction layer.
- Information including identifiers and flags related to the scalability identifier used to determine the scalability identifier according to embodiments of the present invention may be included in the VPS extension area.
- the layer identifier may be included in the reserved area of the NAL unit.
- the VPS extension region may include layer identifiers corresponding to layers of the VPS.
- NAL units corresponding to a specific layer of the VPS may include layer identifiers corresponding to the layer in the header.
- the video decoder 1120 may obtain a splitting flag (Splitting_flag), which is a flag indicating whether a partial identifier is generated by dividing the bit representation of the layer identifier to determine the scalability identifier, from the bitstream. This can be obtained from VPS. For example, if Splitting_flag has a value of 1, the video decoder 1120 may determine the scalability identifier using the value of the partial identifier generated by splitting the layer identifier. If Splitting_flag has a value of 0, the video decoder 1120 may determine the scalability identifier using the value of the layer identifier that is not split.
- Splittting_flag is a flag indicating whether a partial identifier is generated by dividing the bit representation of the layer identifier to determine the scalability identifier
- the video decoder 1120 may obtain Split_dimension_present_flag, which is a flag indicating whether to use the partial identifier generated by dividing the layer identifier as a reference index of the split dimension identifier table, from the bitstream, for example, from the VPS. .
- split_dimension_present_flag When split_dimension_present_flag is 1, it indicates that split_dimension_id [i] [j], which is a split dimension identifier table, is provided.
- split_dimension_present_flag is 0, it indicates that split_dimension_id [i] [j] is not provided.
- split dimension identifier table split_dimension_id [i] [j] specifies the j th dimension identifier of the i th scalability dimension type when the value of splitting_flag is 1. If a split_dimension_id [i] [j] value is not provided for a particular i and j, the value of split_dimension_id [i] [j] is inferred to zero.
- the number of bits for the representation of split_dimension_id [i] [j] may be dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] +1.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] is a value representing a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of bits required to signal the maximum layer per scalability dimension type or the bit length of the partial identifier received from the encoding apparatus.
- the video decoder 1120 determines that the value of the scalability identifier should be obtained directly from the value of the partial identifier without splitting the dimension identifier table, and Splitting_flag and Split_dimension_present_flag. Is 1, it is determined that the value of the scalability identifier should be obtained by referring to the split dimension identifier table split_dimension_id [] [] using the value of the partial identifier as an index.
- the video decoder 1120 may obtain scalability information by referring to the split_dimension_id [i] [j] table using the partial identifier of the layer identifier. For example, the video decoder 1120 indexes the scalability type to refer to split_dimension_id [] [], which is a split dimension identifier table referenced using the order of the scalability type and the dimension identifier of the specific scalability type as an index. And the scalability information can be obtained by referring using the partial identifier of the layer identifier corresponding to the scalability type to be referred to.
- the video decoder 1120 may obtain, from the bitstream, Scalability_mask, which is information on what type of scalability type is used from the encoding apparatus, for example, from a VPS.
- Scalability_mask may be an index or a flag.
- the video decoder 1120 may receive a scalability_mask from the encoding apparatus and determine which scalability type is included in the bit stream received from the encoding apparatus.
- scalability_mask [i] sets the order of the predetermined scalability types between the decoders as indexes for each scalability type, and an array of flags sequentially indicating whether each scalability type is used as 1 and 0 according to each index. Can be.
- the order of the scalability type may be previously promised between the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus, or may be separately signaled.
- each scalability type will be sequentially mapped from index 0 in scalability_mask [].
- scalability_mask [0] when the value of scalability_mask [0] is 1 and scalability_mask [1] is 1, the video decoder 1120 may determine that the viewpoint scalability type is used and the spatial scalability type is not used.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine the number NumScalabilityTypes of the scalability types of the encoded image included in the bitstream using the Scalability_mask value. For example, the video decoder 1120 may determine the number of scalability types NumScalabilityTypes to be used for decoding the encoded image corresponding to the VPS by adding all the values of 1 represented by Scalability_mask [].
- the video decoder 1120 determines the bit length of the partial identifier including information on the dimension identifier indicating the dimension of each scalability type. For example, the video decoder 1120 may determine the bit length dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] of the partial identifier including information on the dimension identifier indicating the dimension of the scalability type from the encoding apparatus from the bitstream, for example, the VPS. By obtaining the bit length of the dimension identifier can be determined.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of the partial identifier. Accordingly, the video decoder 1120 may determine the bit length representing the dimension identifier for determining the scalability identifier in the i-th scalability type by adding 1 to dimension_id_len_minus1 [i].
- the video decoder 1120 may directly determine the length of the partial identifier without obtaining the length of the partial identifier from the VPS with respect to the partial identifier of the last scalability type. Accordingly, the decoding apparatus may directly determine the bit length of the partial identifier without receiving the bit length of the partial identifier from the encoding apparatus. For example, the video decoder 1120 subtracts the sum of the bit lengths of the partial identifiers of all scalability types except the scalability type having the last index from the bit length of the layer identifier, thereby reducing the sum of the partial identifiers of the last scalability type. The bit length can be determined.
- the dimension_id_len_minus1 value subtracting 1 from the bit length of the scalability type of the scalability type last arranged in the layer identifier uses the sum of the lengths of the partial identifiers assigned for the other scalability dimension types arranged in the layer identifier. Can be determined. For example, subtracting the sum of the lengths of the partial identifiers assigned for the other scalability dimension types arranged in the layer identifier from the bit length of the layer identifier, dimension_id_len_minus1 for the partial identifier of the scalability dimension type finally arranged in the layer identifier. The value can be calculated.
- NumScalabilityTypes represents the number of scalability types used, and if the index of scalability types starts from zero, NumScalabilityTypes-1 represents the last index of scalability types.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine dimension_id_len_minus1 [NumScalabilityTypes-1] when the bit length of the layer identifier is 6 using dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1] as shown in Equation 1 below.
- dimBitOffset [i] indicates the start bit offset of the partial identifier for i. dimBitOffset [j] is calculated as in Equation 2 below.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of the partial identifier representing the dimension identifier of the j-th scalability dimension type in the layer identifier. Accordingly, dimBitOffset [j] is an index indicating the bit start position of the dimension identifier of the j-th scalability dimension type in the layer identifier.
- bit length of the layer identifier is 6 and the bit offset in the layer identifier is the bit length of the partial identifier of the scalability type last arranged in the layer identifier when the MSB has index 0, dimension_id_len_minus1 [NumScalabilityTypes-1]
- the value of may be determined as 5-dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1].
- the value of dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes] may be set to be smaller than the bit length of the layer identifier. For example, if the bit length of the hierarchical identifier is 6 and the MSB has index 0, the value of dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes] is set to 6, and when NumScalabilityTypes is greater than 0, dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1] is less than 6 Dimension_id_len_minus1 of scalability dimension types may be set.
- the video decoder 1120 may further receive max_layers_scalability_dimension, which is an identifier indicating the maximum number of layers for scalability dimensions indicated by the i-th scalability mask.
- max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] specifies the maximum number of layers for scalability dimensions indicated by the i-th scalability index.
- the number of bits used for the representation of max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] is dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] +1 bits.
- ScalabilityId [i] [smIdx] represents an identifier of the smIdx-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine the scalability identifier value using the value of the partial identifier generated by dividing the value of the layer identifier. For example, when splitting_flag is 1 and Split_dimension_present_flag is 0, the video decoder 1120 determines the value of the scalability identifier by directly obtaining the scalability identifier value from the partial identifier value without referring to the split dimension identifier table. Can be.
- the video decoder 1120 may divide the bits representing the layer identifier into a partial identifier including at least one bit in the order of the scalability type. For example, the video decoder 1120 divides the bits of the layer identifier by the bit length unit of the dimension identifier indicating the dimension of each scalability type, thereby extracting partial identifiers representing the dimension identifier of each scalability type from the layer identifier. You can decide. For example, the video decoder 1120 indicates dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] indicating the bit length of the dimension identifier for the i th scalability type among scalability types determined as the scalability type used for decoding according to the value of Scalability_mask []. Can be used to determine a partial identifier representing the dimension identifier for each scalability type from the layer identifier.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine the dimension identifier for the scalability type from the partial identifier for the scalability type. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the video decoder 1120 obtains the scalability type and the scalability type dimension identifier values from the layer identifier using the scalability_mask [] and dimension_id_len_minus1 [i]. Can be.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine the scalability identifier of the j-th scalability type of the i-th layer by using a value of a specific partial identifier of the layer identifier of the i-th layer as shown in Equation 3 below. .
- the video decoder 1120 uses a bit “and” bit value indicating a bit position at which a value for a specific scalability type is assigned in the layer identifier and the layer identifier. Can be determined by calculation.
- the video decoder 1120 may determine the scalability identifier using the split dimension identifier table received from the encoding apparatus. For example, when Splitting_flag and Split_dimension_present_flag are 1, the video decoder 1120 does not directly determine the value of the partial identifier as the scalability identifier value, but uses the split dimension identifier table as an identifier index in the split dimension identifier table. By referring to split_dimension_id [] []), the value of the scalability identifier may be determined.
- the video decoder 1120 may obtain the scalability identifier value by referring to the partition dimension identifier table using the value of the partial identifier divided from the layer identifier according to the order of the scalability type and the order of the scalability type.
- the video decoder 1120 refers to a scalability identifier (ScalabilityId [i] [) by referring to the partition dimension identifier table using the value of the partial identifier for the j-th scalability dimension type in the layer identifier of the i-th layer. j]).
- ScalabilityId [i] [j] is the dimension identifier of the j-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer. For example, this may be calculated by Equation 4 below.
- split dimension identifier table split_dimension_id [i] [j] may have the same format as the identifier table shown in FIG. 7.
- i is an index of scalability type
- j is an identifier index of scalability type.
- split_dimension_id [0] [8] is referred to as an eighth identifier index in temporal scalability to indicate scalability identifier value 1.
- the video decoder 1120 determines the scalability identifier by referring to the dimension identifier table dimension_id [i] [j] received from the encoding apparatus.
- the dimension identifier table dimension_id [i] [j] is a table representing dimension identifier values of the j-th scalability dimension type in the i-th layer.
- the video decoder 1120 may receive the dimension identifier table from the encoding apparatus to obtain a scalability identifier for each scalability type in each layer.
- the video decoder 1120 may refer to the dimension identifier dimension_id [i] [j] for the scalability type j of the layer identifier i and the scalability identifier scalabilityId [for the j th scalability type for the i th layer. i] [j] can be determined. This is represented by Equation 5 below.
- the video decoder 1120 determines scalability applied to the images included in the multilayer video based on the scalability identifier determined as described above, and decodes the multilayer video.
- the video decoder 1120 determines the value of the view identifier for the layer identifier of the i-th layer as the scalability type value of the scalability type having the index 0 of the i-th layer. Can be decrypted
- the video decoder 1120 may decode the multilayer video based on the coding units having the tree structure. The decoding process of the multilayer video based on the coding unit having the tree structure will be described later.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a multilayer video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. A multilayer decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 11.
- the decoding apparatus obtains a layer identifier of at least one decoding target layer image from the multilayer video bitstream (S1110).
- the decoding apparatus obtains a flag indicating whether scalability information is included in the layer identifier from the bitstream (S1120).
- the decoding apparatus obtains scalability information belonging to at least one type of the plurality of scalability information of different types from the layer identifier (S1130). If the value of the flag is 1, the decoding apparatus may generate scalability information from a portion of the representation of the layer identifier.
- the target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the representation of the layer identifier may include, as a part, a dimension identifier indicating scalability dimensions for the plurality of scalability types.
- the target layer image may include a plurality of scalability information, and the plurality of scalability information may be continuously included in a binary representation of the layer identifier in a binary form.
- the decoding apparatus may generate the value of the scalability information from a portion of the representation of the value of the layer identifier.
- the decoding apparatus obtains a syntax including an indicator indicating the number of types of scalability information included in the layer identifier from the bit stream, and obtains the scalability information of the decoding target layer image from the layer identifier by using the syntax indicating the number of types. Can be.
- the decoding apparatus obtains, from the bit stream, a syntax including an indicator indicating a bit length in which the scalability information included in the layer identifier occupies in the binary representation of the layer identifier, and using the syntax indicating the bit length, the scaler of the target layer image from the layer identifier. You can get the capability information.
- the decoding apparatus may determine the length of the scalability information included in the layer identifier by using the lengths of the scalability information except the scalability information included last among the scalability information included in the layer identifier and the layer identifier. .
- the decoding apparatus may determine whether the scalability information set generated according to the scalability information type of the at least one decoding target layer image and the partial identifier of the layer identifier of the at least one decoding target encoded image is included in the bit stream. Accordingly, the scalability information set may be obtained, and the scalability information of the target layer image may be obtained using the scalability information set.
- the decoding apparatus decodes the image by decoding the decoding target layer image using the scalability information (S1140).
- VPS extension syntax for signaling between an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus will be described.
- Splitting flag (Splitting_flag) 1210 is a flag indicating whether the scalability identifier is determined using the value of the partial identifier generated by dividing the bit representation of the layer identifier. For example, if Splitting_flag 1210 has a value of 1, the decoding apparatus determines the scalability identifier using the value of the partial identifier generated by splitting the layer identifier.
- the decoding apparatus may obtain the scalability identifier directly from the partial identifier of the layer identifier.
- the decoding apparatus may obtain the scalability identifier by referring to other information using the value of the partial identifier of the layer identifier.
- the decoding apparatus obtains a scalability identifier by referring to split_dimension_id [i] [j], which is a partition dimension identifier table referenced according to the arrangement order among the partial identifiers included in the layer identifier, using the partial identifier of the layer identifier. Can be.
- the 1220 area of the syntax is the part that gets information about the scalability type used.
- the decoding apparatus may determine which type of scalability type is used among the 16 scalability types by receiving a 16-bit Scalability_mask value transmitted from the encoding apparatus.
- the decoding apparatus may determine the number NumScalabilityTypes of scalability types used by using the Scalability_mask value.
- the order of the scalability type represented by Scalability_mask [[i] may be previously promised between the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus or may be separately signaled.
- An area 1230 of the syntax is obtained for each scalability type to use the bit length (dimension_id_len_minus1 [i]) of the dimension identifier for representing the scalability identifier in each scalability type.
- the value obtained from dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] is obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of the dimension identifier.
- max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] represents the maximum number of layers with respect to the scalability dimension indicated by the i-th scalability mask.
- the number of bits used for the representation of max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 [i] is dimension_id_len_minus1 [i] +1 bits.
- max_layers_scalability_dimension_minus1 may be used to inform the maximum number of layers for each scalability dimension type. Such information can be usefully used for content information delivery or session negotiation.
- An area 1240 of the syntax is a part for signaling information for generating a scalability identifier when splitting_flag is 1.
- splitting_flag When splitting_flag is 1, the vps_max_layers_minus1 layer identifiers are signaled by the encoding apparatus to the decoding apparatus, so that the values of the layer identifiers of the NAL units corresponding to the current VPS NAL are signaled (1241).
- Split_dimension_present_flag 1242 is a flag indicating how to utilize a partial identifier generated by dividing a layer identifier to signal a scalability identifier between encoding and decoding devices. If Split_dimension_present_flag is 1 (1243), the syntax indicates that the split dimension identifier (split_dimension_id [i] [j]) 1244 is sequentially included in the bitstream.
- the scalability identifier when Split_dimension_present_flag is 0, the scalability identifier has a value of a partial identifier split from a layer identifier as an identifier value. If Split_dimension_present_flag is 1 (1243), a scalability identifier is obtained with reference to the split dimension identifier table obtained from split_dimension_id [i] [j] 1244. The decoding apparatus may obtain the scalability identifier value by referring to the partition dimension identifier table using the order in which the scalability type to be referred to appears in the scalability mask and the value of the partial identifier divided from the layer identifier according to the order.
- An area 1250 of the syntax is a syntax area for a portion signaling information for obtaining a scalability identifier when the value of splitting_flag is 0.
- the encoder encodes a layer identifier value for each layer and a dimension identifier value of scalability type for each layer. For example, the value of the layer identifiers of the NAL units corresponding to the VPS NAL unit is signaled according to the value of vps_nuh_layer_id_present_flag indicating whether the iPS layer identifier is included in the VPS NAL unit, and each scalability corresponding to the layer identifier is signaled.
- the dimension identifier dimension_id [i] [j] is signaled for the types.
- An area 1260 of the syntax is an area that signals whether profile and tier information for a layer is provided. If vps_profile_present_flag [lsIdx] is 1, profile and tier information for the layer set lsIdx may be provided to the lsIdx-th profile_tier_level () syntax structure. If vps_profile_present_flag [lsIdx] is 0, profile and tier information may be inferred without being provided to the lsIdx-th profile_tier_level () syntax structure.
- An area 1270 of the syntax is an area that signals the index of the layer set with respect to the output layer set.
- output_layer_set_idx [i] specifies the index of the layer set for the i-th output layer set. If output_layer_flag [lsIdx] [j] is 1, the j th layer in the lsIdx th output layer set is an output layer.
- the 1280 region of syntax is a syntax region that signals a direct reference layer. If direct_dependency_flag [i] [j] is 0, this indicates that the layer with index j is not a direct reference layer for layer i. If direct_dependency_flag [i] [j] is 1, the layer with index j may be a direct reference layer for layer i. It can be inferred to be zero if direct_dependency_flag [i] [j] is not provided for i and j in the range of 0 to MaxLayersMinus1.
- the decoding apparatus may determine the scalability identifier (ScalabilityId [layerIdInVps] [scalabilityMaskIndex]) and the view identifier (ViewId [layerIdInNuh]) as follows.
- the decoding apparatus uses the scalability identifier [split_dimension_id] table to determine the scalability identifier [ScalabilityId [layerIdInVps] [scalabilityMaskIndex]). And a view identifier ViewId [layerIdInNuh].
- the table below shows water codes for this.
- the decoding apparatus may determine the scalability identifier ScalabilityId by referring to the split_dimension_id table when the layer identifier is not 0 and the value of the scalability mask exists.
- the vps_max_layer_id represents the maximum value of the layer identifier nuh_layer_id that the NAL unit can have.
- vps_max_layers_minus1 is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from vps_max_layer_id.
- nul_layer_id which is a layer identifier in HEVC, is represented by 6 bits
- the maximum value of vps_max_layers_minus1 and vps_max_layer_id may represent 63.
- the decoding apparatus may obtain a scalability identifier (ScalabilityId [i] [smIdx]) using values of the smIdx-th scalability dimension type and a partial identifier for the corresponding scalability dimension type in the layer identifier of the i-th layer.
- ScalabilityId [i] [smIdx] is a scalability identifier of the smIdx-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer. This may be calculated by Equation 6 below.
- dimBitOffset [j] is calculated as in Equation 7 below.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of the partial identifier indicating the j-th scalability dimension type in the layer identifier. Accordingly, dimBitOffset [j] is an index indicating the bit start position of the j th scalability dimension type in the layer identifier.
- the dimension_id_len_minus1 value of the scalability dimension type finally arranged in the layer identifier may be determined using the sum of the lengths of the partial identifiers allocated for the other scalability dimension types arranged in the layer identifier. For example, the value of dimension_id_len_minus1 of the scalability dimension type arranged last in the layer identifier is calculated by subtracting the sum of the lengths of the partial identifiers allocated for the other scalability dimension types arranged in the layer identifier from the bit length of the layer identifier. Can be.
- the bit length of the layer identifier is 6 and the bit offset in the layer identifier is of the scalability dimension type dimension_id_len_minus1 (dimension_id_len_minus1 [NumScalabilityTypes-1]) that is arranged last in the layer identifier when the MSB has index 0
- the value may be determined as 5-dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1].
- dimBitOffset is required to be smaller than the bit length of the layer identifier.
- dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes] is set to 6
- DimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1] is less than 6 so that dimension_id_len_minus1 is Can be set.
- the decoding apparatus when splitting_flag is 1 and split_dimension_present_flag is 0, the decoding apparatus obtains the scalability identifier ScalabilityId [layerIdInVps] [scalabilityMaskIndex] and the view identifier ViewId [layerIdInNuh] from the layer identifier id_in_nuh [] as shown in the table below. Decide yourself.
- the scalability identifier of the smIdx-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer is a value of a specific partial identifier of the hierarchical identifier of the i-th layer.
- the value of the specific partial identifier of the layer identifier may be represented by performing a bit “and” operation on a bit value indicating a bit position to which a partial identifier for a specific scalability type is allocated in the layer identifier and the scalability layer identifier.
- the decoding apparatus may determine dimension_id_len_minus1 [NumScalabilityTypes-1] from dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1] as shown in Equation 8 below.
- the decoding apparatus determines ScalabilityId [layerIdInVps] [scalabilityMaskIndex] and ViewId [layerIdInNuh] from dimension_id [] [].
- dimension_id [i] [j] represents an identifier of the j-th scalability dimension type of the i-th layer.
- the number of bits used to express dimension_id [i] [j] is dimension_id_len_minus1 [j] +1 bit.
- the decoding apparatus determines the value of the scalability identifier using the value of the partial identifier divided from the layer identifier.
- the specific bit value of layer_id_in_nuh [i] is determined by dimension_id [i]. It can be done by using as the value of [j].
- the decoding apparatus may use a specific bit value of layer_id_in_nuh [i] as the value of dimension_id [i] [j].
- the detailed formula is as follows.
- dimBitOffset [0] is set to 0 and j is set from 1 to NumScalabilityTypes-1.
- dimBitOffset [j] is obtained as follows.
- dimension_id_len_minus1 may be determined as the value of the bit length of the layer identifier-dimBitOffset [NumScalabilityTypes-1].
- the encoding method and the video decoding method based on coding units having a tree structure described below include a video encoder 11 of the video encoding apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 and a video decoder 1120 of the video decoding apparatus 1100 of FIG. 11. It relates to a process of encoding / decoding pictures included in a multilayer video performed at.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a video encoding apparatus 100 based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure may include a maximum coding unit splitter 110, a coding unit determiner 120, and an outputter 130.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 that includes video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure is abbreviated as “video encoding apparatus 100”.
- the maximum coding unit splitter 110 may partition the current picture based on the maximum coding unit that is a coding unit of the maximum size for the current picture of the image. If the current picture is larger than the maximum coding unit, image data of the current picture may be split into at least one maximum coding unit.
- the maximum coding unit may be a data unit having a size of 32x32, 64x64, 128x128, 256x256, or the like, and may be a square data unit having a square of two horizontal and vertical sizes.
- the image data may be output to the coding unit determiner 120 for at least one maximum coding unit.
- the coding unit according to an embodiment may be characterized by a maximum size and depth.
- the depth indicates the number of times the coding unit is spatially divided from the maximum coding unit, and as the depth increases, the coding unit for each depth may be split from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
- the depth of the largest coding unit is the highest depth and the minimum coding unit may be defined as the lowest coding unit.
- the maximum coding unit decreases as the depth increases, the size of the coding unit for each depth decreases, and thus, the coding unit of the higher depth may include coding units of a plurality of lower depths.
- the image data of the current picture may be divided into maximum coding units according to the maximum size of the coding unit, and each maximum coding unit may include coding units divided by depths. Since the maximum coding unit is divided according to depths, image data of a spatial domain included in the maximum coding unit may be hierarchically classified according to depths.
- the maximum depth and the maximum size of the coding unit that limit the total number of times of hierarchically dividing the height and the width of the maximum coding unit may be preset.
- the coding unit determiner 120 encodes at least one divided region obtained by dividing the region of the largest coding unit for each depth, and determines a depth at which the final encoding result is output for each of the at least one divided region. That is, the coding unit determiner 120 encodes the image data in coding units according to depths for each maximum coding unit of the current picture, and selects a depth at which the smallest coding error occurs to determine the coding depth. The determined coded depth and the image data for each maximum coding unit are output to the outputter 130.
- Image data in the largest coding unit is encoded based on coding units according to depths according to at least one depth less than or equal to the maximum depth, and encoding results based on the coding units for each depth are compared. As a result of comparing the encoding error of the coding units according to depths, a depth having the smallest encoding error may be selected. At least one coding depth may be determined for each maximum coding unit.
- the coding unit is divided into hierarchically and the number of coding units increases.
- a coding error of each data is measured, and whether or not division into a lower depth is determined. Therefore, even in the data included in one largest coding unit, since the encoding error for each depth is different according to the position, the coding depth may be differently determined according to the position. Accordingly, one or more coding depths may be set for one maximum coding unit, and data of the maximum coding unit may be partitioned according to coding units of one or more coding depths.
- the coding unit determiner 120 may determine coding units having a tree structure included in the current maximum coding unit.
- the coding units having a tree structure according to an embodiment include coding units having a depth determined as a coding depth among all deeper coding units included in the maximum coding unit.
- the coding unit of the coding depth may be hierarchically determined according to the depth in the same region within the maximum coding unit, and may be independently determined for the other regions.
- the coded depth for the current region may be determined independently of the coded depth for the other region.
- the maximum depth according to an embodiment is an index related to the number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
- the first maximum depth according to an embodiment may represent the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
- the second maximum depth according to an embodiment may represent the total number of depth levels from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit. For example, when the depth of the largest coding unit is 0, the depth of the coding unit obtained by dividing the largest coding unit once may be set to 1, and the depth of the coding unit divided twice may be set to 2. In this case, if the coding unit divided four times from the maximum coding unit is the minimum coding unit, depth levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 exist, so that the first maximum depth is set to 4 and the second maximum depth is set to 5. Can be.
- Predictive encoding and transformation of the largest coding unit may be performed. Similarly, prediction encoding and transformation are performed based on depth-wise coding units for each maximum coding unit and for each depth less than or equal to the maximum depth.
- encoding including prediction encoding and transformation should be performed on all the coding units for each depth generated as the depth deepens.
- the prediction encoding and the transformation will be described based on the coding unit of the current depth among at least one maximum coding unit.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 may variously select a size or shape of a data unit for encoding image data.
- the encoding of the image data is performed through prediction encoding, transforming, entropy encoding, and the like.
- the same data unit may be used in every step, or the data unit may be changed in steps.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 may select not only a coding unit for encoding the image data, but also a data unit different from the coding unit in order to perform predictive encoding of the image data in the coding unit.
- prediction encoding may be performed based on a coding unit of a coding depth, that is, a more strange undivided coding unit, according to an embodiment.
- a more strange undivided coding unit that is the basis of prediction coding is referred to as a 'prediction unit'.
- the partition in which the prediction unit is divided may include a data unit in which at least one of the prediction unit and the height and the width of the prediction unit are divided.
- a partition is a data unit in which a prediction unit of a coding unit is divided, and the prediction unit may be a partition having the same size as the coding unit.
- the partition type includes not only symmetric partitions in which the height or width of the prediction unit is divided by a symmetrical ratio, but also partitions divided in an asymmetrical ratio, such as 1: n or n: 1, by a geometric form It may optionally include partitioned partitions, arbitrary types of partitions, and the like.
- the prediction mode of the prediction unit may be at least one of an intra mode, an inter mode, and a skip mode.
- the intra mode and the inter mode may be performed on partitions having sizes of 2N ⁇ 2N, 2N ⁇ N, N ⁇ 2N, and N ⁇ N.
- the skip mode may be performed only for partitions having a size of 2N ⁇ 2N.
- the encoding may be performed independently for each prediction unit within the coding unit to select a prediction mode having the smallest encoding error.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 may perform conversion of image data of a coding unit based on not only a coding unit for encoding image data, but also a data unit different from the coding unit.
- the transformation may be performed based on a transformation unit having a size smaller than or equal to the coding unit.
- the transformation unit may include a data unit for intra mode and a transformation unit for inter mode.
- the transformation unit in the coding unit is also recursively divided into smaller transformation units, so that the residual data of the coding unit is determined according to the tree structure according to the transformation depth. Can be partitioned according to the conversion unit.
- a transform depth indicating a number of divisions between the height and the width of the coding unit divided to the transform unit may be set. For example, if the size of the transform unit of the current coding unit of size 2Nx2N is 2Nx2N, the transform depth is 0, the transform depth 1 if the size of the transform unit is NxN, and the transform depth 2 if the size of the transform unit is N / 2xN / 2. Can be. That is, the transformation unit having a tree structure may also be set for the transformation unit according to the transformation depth.
- the encoded information for each coded depth requires not only the coded depth but also prediction related information and transformation related information. Accordingly, the coding unit determiner 120 may determine not only the coded depth that generated the minimum coding error, but also a partition type obtained by dividing a prediction unit into partitions, a prediction mode for each prediction unit, and a size of a transformation unit for transformation.
- a method of determining a coding unit, a prediction unit / partition, and a transformation unit according to a tree structure of a maximum coding unit according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 15 to 25.
- the coding unit determiner 120 may measure a coding error of coding units according to depths using a Lagrangian Multiplier-based rate-distortion optimization technique.
- the output unit 130 outputs the image data of the maximum coding unit encoded based on the at least one coded depth determined by the coding unit determiner 120 and the information about the encoding modes according to depths in the form of a bit stream.
- the encoded image data may be a result of encoding residual data of the image.
- the information about the encoding modes according to depths may include encoding depth information, partition type information of a prediction unit, prediction mode information, size information of a transformation unit, and the like.
- the coded depth information may be defined using depth-specific segmentation information indicating whether to encode to a coding unit of a lower depth without encoding to the current depth. If the current depth of the current coding unit is a coding depth, since the current coding unit is encoded in a coding unit of the current depth, split information of the current depth may be defined so that it is no longer divided into lower depths. On the contrary, if the current depth of the current coding unit is not the coding depth, encoding should be attempted using the coding unit of the lower depth, and thus split information of the current depth may be defined to be divided into coding units of the lower depth.
- encoding is performed on the coding unit divided into the coding units of the lower depth. Since at least one coding unit of a lower depth exists in the coding unit of the current depth, encoding may be repeatedly performed for each coding unit of each lower depth, and recursive coding may be performed for each coding unit of the same depth.
- coding units having a tree structure are determined in one largest coding unit and information about at least one coding mode should be determined for each coding unit of a coding depth, information about at least one coding mode may be determined for one maximum coding unit. Can be.
- the coding depth may be different for each location, and thus information about the coded depth and the coding mode may be set for the data.
- the output unit 130 may allocate encoding information about a corresponding coding depth and an encoding mode to at least one of a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a minimum unit included in the maximum coding unit. .
- the minimum unit according to an embodiment is a square data unit having a size obtained by dividing the minimum coding unit, which is the lowest coding depth, into four segments.
- the minimum unit according to an embodiment may be a square data unit having a maximum size that may be included in all coding units, prediction units, partition units, and transformation units included in the maximum coding unit.
- the encoding information output through the output unit 130 may be classified into encoding information according to depth coding units and encoding information according to prediction units.
- the encoding information for each coding unit according to depth may include prediction mode information and partition size information.
- the encoding information transmitted for each prediction unit includes information about an estimation direction of the inter mode, information about a reference image index of the inter mode, information about a motion vector, information about a chroma component of an intra mode, and information about an inter mode of an intra mode. And the like.
- Information about the maximum size and information about the maximum depth of the coding unit defined for each picture, slice, or GOP may be inserted into a header, a sequence parameter set, or a picture parameter set of the bitstream.
- the information on the maximum size of the transform unit and the minimum size of the transform unit allowed for the current video may also be output through a header, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, or the like of the bitstream.
- a coding unit for each depth is a coding unit having a size in which a height and a width of a coding unit of one layer higher depth are divided by half. That is, if the size of the coding unit of the current depth is 2Nx2N, the size of the coding unit of the lower depth is NxN.
- the current coding unit having a size of 2N ⁇ 2N may include up to four lower depth coding units having a size of N ⁇ N.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 determines a coding unit having an optimal shape and size for each maximum coding unit based on the size and the maximum depth of the maximum coding unit determined in consideration of the characteristics of the current picture. Coding units may be configured. In addition, since each of the maximum coding units may be encoded in various prediction modes and transformation methods, an optimal coding mode may be determined in consideration of image characteristics of coding units having various image sizes.
- the video encoding apparatus may adjust the coding unit in consideration of the image characteristics while increasing the maximum size of the coding unit in consideration of the size of the image, thereby increasing image compression efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a video decoding apparatus based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a video decoding apparatus 200 including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure includes a receiver 210, image data and encoding information extractor 220, and image data decoder 230. do.
- the video decoding apparatus 200 that includes video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure is abbreviated as “video decoding apparatus 200”.
- Definition of various terms such as a coding unit, a depth, a prediction unit, a transformation unit, and information about various encoding modes for a decoding operation of the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment may refer to the video encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 1. Same as described above with reference.
- the receiver 210 receives and parses a bitstream of an encoded video.
- the image data and encoding information extractor 220 extracts image data encoded for each coding unit from the parsed bitstream according to coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit, and outputs the encoded image data to the image data decoder 230.
- the image data and encoding information extractor 220 may extract information about a maximum size of a coding unit of the current picture from a header, a sequence parameter set, or a picture parameter set for the current picture.
- the image data and encoding information extractor 220 extracts information about a coded depth and an encoding mode for the coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit, from the parsed bitstream.
- the extracted information about the coded depth and the coding mode is output to the image data decoder 230. That is, the image data of the bit string may be divided into maximum coding units so that the image data decoder 230 may decode the image data for each maximum coding unit.
- the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode for each largest coding unit may be set with respect to one or more coded depth information, and the information about the coding mode according to the coded depths may include partition type information, prediction mode information, and transformation unit of the corresponding coding unit. May include size information and the like.
- split information for each depth may be extracted as the coded depth information.
- the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode according to the maximum coding units extracted by the image data and the encoding information extractor 220 may be encoded according to the depth according to the maximum coding unit, as in the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment.
- the image data and the encoding information extractor 220 may determine the predetermined data.
- Information about a coded depth and an encoding mode may be extracted for each unit. If the information about the coded depth and the coding mode of the maximum coding unit is recorded for each of the predetermined data units, the predetermined data units having the information about the same coded depth and the coding mode are inferred as data units included in the same maximum coding unit. Can be.
- the image data decoder 230 reconstructs the current picture by decoding image data of each maximum coding unit based on the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode for each maximum coding unit. That is, the image data decoder 230 may decode the encoded image data based on the read partition type, the prediction mode, and the transformation unit for each coding unit among the coding units having the tree structure included in the maximum coding unit. Can be.
- the decoding process may include a prediction process including intra prediction and motion compensation, and an inverse transform process.
- the image data decoder 230 may perform intra prediction or motion compensation according to each partition and prediction mode for each coding unit based on partition type information and prediction mode information of the prediction unit of the coding unit for each coding depth. .
- the image data decoder 230 may read transform unit information having a tree structure for each coding unit, and perform inverse transform based on the transformation unit for each coding unit, for inverse transformation for each largest coding unit. Through inverse transformation, the pixel value of the spatial region of the coding unit may be restored.
- the image data decoder 230 may determine the coded depth of the current maximum coding unit by using the split information for each depth. If the split information indicates that the split information is no longer split at the current depth, the current depth is the coded depth. Therefore, the image data decoder 230 may decode the coding unit of the current depth using the partition type, the prediction mode, and the transformation unit size information of the prediction unit with respect to the image data of the current maximum coding unit.
- the image data decoder 230 It may be regarded as one data unit to be decoded in the same encoding mode.
- the decoding of the current coding unit may be performed by obtaining information about an encoding mode for each coding unit determined in this way.
- the video decoding apparatus 200 may obtain information about a coding unit that generates a minimum coding error by recursively encoding each maximum coding unit in the encoding process, and use the same to decode the current picture. That is, decoding of encoded image data of coding units having a tree structure determined as an optimal coding unit for each maximum coding unit can be performed.
- the image data can be efficiently used according to the coding unit size and the encoding mode that are adaptively determined according to the characteristics of the image by using the information about the optimum encoding mode transmitted from the encoding end. Can be decoded and restored.
- a size of a coding unit may be expressed by a width x height, and may include 32x32, 16x16, and 8x8 from a coding unit having a size of 64x64.
- Coding units of size 64x64 may be partitioned into partitions of size 64x64, 64x32, 32x64, and 32x32, coding units of size 32x32 are partitions of size 32x32, 32x16, 16x32, and 16x16, and coding units of size 16x16 are 16x16.
- Coding units of size 8x8 may be divided into partitions of size 8x8, 8x4, 4x8, and 4x4, into partitions of 16x8, 8x16, and 8x8.
- the resolution is set to 1920x1080, the maximum size of the coding unit is 64, and the maximum depth is 2.
- the resolution is set to 1920x1080, the maximum size of the coding unit is 64, and the maximum depth is 3.
- the resolution is set to 352x288, the maximum size of the coding unit is 16, and the maximum depth is 1.
- the maximum depth illustrated in FIG. 15 represents the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
- the maximum size of the coding size is relatively large not only to improve the coding efficiency but also to accurately shape the image characteristics. Accordingly, the video data 310 or 320 having a higher resolution than the video data 330 may be selected to have a maximum size of 64.
- the coding unit 315 of the video data 310 is divided twice from the maximum coding unit having the long axis size of 64, and the depths are deepened by two layers, thereby increasing the long axis size of 32 and 16. Up to coding units may be included.
- the coding unit 335 of the video data 330 is divided once from coding units having a long axis size of 16, and the depth is deepened by one layer. Up to coding units may be included.
- the coding unit 325 of the video data 320 is divided three times from the largest coding unit having a long axis size of 64, and the depth is three layers deep, so that the long axis size is 32, 16. , Up to 8 coding units may be included. As the depth increases, the expressive power of the detailed information may be improved.
- 16 is a block diagram of an image encoder 400 based on coding units, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the image encoder 400 performs operations that are performed to encode image data by the picture encoder 120 of the video encoding apparatus 100. That is, the intra prediction unit 420 performs intra prediction on each coding unit of the intra mode of the current image 405, and the inter prediction unit 415 performs the current image on the prediction unit of the coding unit of the inter mode. Inter-prediction is performed using the reference image acquired at 405 and the reconstructed picture buffer 410.
- the current image 405 may be divided into maximum coding units and then sequentially encoded. In this case, encoding may be performed on the coding unit in which the largest coding unit is to be divided into a tree structure.
- Residual data is generated by subtracting the prediction data for the coding unit of each mode output from the intra prediction unit 420 or the inter prediction unit 415 from the data for the encoding unit of the current image 405, and
- the dew data is output as transform coefficients quantized for each transform unit through the transform unit 425 and the quantization unit 430.
- the quantized transform coefficients are reconstructed into residue data in the spatial domain through the inverse quantizer 445 and the inverse transformer 450.
- Residual data of the reconstructed spatial domain is added to the prediction data of the coding unit of each mode output from the intra predictor 420 or the inter predictor 415, thereby adding the residual data of the spatial domain to the coding unit of the current image 405. The data is restored.
- the reconstructed spatial region data is generated as a reconstructed image through the deblocking unit 455 and the SAO performing unit 460.
- the generated reconstructed image is stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 410.
- the reconstructed images stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 410 may be used as reference images for inter prediction of another image.
- the transform coefficients quantized by the transformer 425 and the quantizer 430 may be output as the bitstream 440 through the entropy encoder 435.
- an inter predictor 415, an intra predictor 420, and a transformer each have a tree structure for each maximum coding unit. An operation based on each coding unit among the coding units may be performed.
- the intra prediction unit 420 and the inter prediction unit 415 determine the partition mode and the prediction mode of each coding unit among the coding units having a tree structure in consideration of the maximum size and the maximum depth of the current maximum coding unit.
- the transform unit 425 may determine whether to split the transform unit according to the quad tree in each coding unit among the coding units having the tree structure.
- 17 is a block diagram of an image decoder 500 based on coding units, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the entropy decoding unit 515 parses the encoded image data to be decoded from the bitstream 505 and encoding information necessary for decoding.
- the encoded image data is a quantized transform coefficient
- the inverse quantizer 520 and the inverse transform unit 525 reconstruct residue data from the quantized transform coefficients.
- the intra prediction unit 540 performs intra prediction for each prediction unit with respect to the coding unit of the intra mode.
- the inter prediction unit 535 performs inter prediction using the reference image obtained from the reconstructed picture buffer 530 for each coding unit of the coding mode of the inter mode among the current pictures.
- the data of the spatial domain of the coding unit of the current image 405 is reconstructed and restored.
- the data of the space area may be output as a reconstructed image 560 via the deblocking unit 545 and the SAO performing unit 550.
- the reconstructed images stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 530 may be output as reference images.
- step-by-step operations after the entropy decoder 515 of the image decoder 500 may be performed.
- the entropy decoder 515, the inverse quantizer 520, and the inverse transformer ( 525, the intra prediction unit 540, the inter prediction unit 535, the deblocking unit 545, and the SAO performer 550 based on each coding unit among coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit. You can do it.
- the intra predictor 540 and the inter predictor 535 determine a partition mode and a prediction mode for each coding unit among coding units having a tree structure, and the inverse transformer 525 has a quad tree structure for each coding unit. It is possible to determine whether to divide the conversion unit according to.
- the encoding operation of FIG. 16 and the decoding operation of FIG. 17 have described the video stream encoding operation and the decoding operation in a single layer, respectively. Therefore, if the encoder 12 of FIG. 1A encodes a video stream of two or more layers, the encoder 12 may include an image encoder 400 for each layer. Similarly, if the decoder 26 of FIG. 2A decodes a video stream of two or more layers, it may include an image decoder 500 for each layer.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, and partitions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment use hierarchical coding units to consider image characteristics.
- the maximum height, width, and maximum depth of the coding unit may be adaptively determined according to the characteristics of the image, and may be variously set according to a user's request. According to the maximum size of the preset coding unit, the size of the coding unit for each depth may be determined.
- the layer structure 600 of a coding unit illustrates a case in which a maximum height and a width of a coding unit are 64 and a maximum depth is three.
- the maximum depth indicates the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit. Since the depth deepens along the vertical axis of the layer structure 600 of the coding unit, the height and the width of the coding unit for each depth are respectively divided. Also, along the horizontal axis of the layer structure 600 of the coding unit, a prediction unit and a partition on which the prediction coding of each deeper coding unit is based are illustrated.
- the coding unit 610 has a depth of 0 as the largest coding unit in the layer structure 600 of the coding unit, and the size, that is, the height and the width of the coding unit, is 64x64.
- a depth along the vertical axis includes a coding unit 620 of depth 1 having a size of 32x32, a coding unit 630 of depth 2 having a size of 16x16, and a coding unit 640 of depth 3 having a size of 8x8.
- the coding unit 640 of 3 is the minimum coding unit.
- Prediction units and partitions of the coding unit are arranged along the horizontal axis for each depth. That is, if the 64x64 coding unit 610 having a depth of zero is a prediction unit, the prediction unit is a partition 610 of size 64x64, partitions 612 of size 64x32, and size included in the coding unit 610 of size 64x64. 32x64 partitions 614, 32x32 partitions 616.
- the prediction unit of the coding unit 620 having a size of 32x32 having a depth of 1 includes a partition 620 of size 32x32, partitions 622 of size 32x16 and a partition of size 16x32 included in the coding unit 620 of size 32x32. 624, partitions 626 of size 16x16.
- the prediction unit of the coding unit 630 of size 16x16 having a depth of 2 includes a partition 630 of size 16x16, partitions 632 of size 16x8, and a partition of size 8x16 included in the coding unit 630 of size 16x16. 634, partitions 636 of size 8x8.
- the prediction unit of the coding unit 640 of size 8x8 having a depth of 3 includes a partition 640 of size 8x8, partitions 642 of size 8x4 and a partition of size 4x8 included in the coding unit 640 of size 8x8. 644, partitions 646 of size 4x4.
- the coding unit 640 having a size of 8 ⁇ 8 having a depth of 3 is a minimum coding unit and a coding unit of the lowest depth.
- the coding unit determiner 120 of the video encoding apparatus 100 may determine a coding depth of the maximum coding unit 610.
- the number of deeper coding units according to depths for including data having the same range and size increases as the depth increases. For example, four coding units of depth 2 are required for data included in one coding unit of depth 1. Therefore, in order to compare the encoding results of the same data for each depth, each of the coding units having one depth 1 and four coding units having four depths 2 should be encoded.
- encoding is performed for each prediction unit of each coding unit along a horizontal axis of the layer structure 600 of the coding unit, and a representative coding error, which is the smallest coding error at a corresponding depth, may be selected. .
- a depth deeper along the vertical axis of the layer structure 600 of the coding unit encoding may be performed for each depth, and the minimum coding error may be searched by comparing the representative coding error for each depth.
- the depth and the partition in which the minimum coding error occurs in the maximum coding unit 610 may be selected as the coding depth and the partition type of the maximum coding unit 610.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit and transformation units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 encodes or decodes an image in coding units having a size smaller than or equal to the maximum coding unit for each maximum coding unit.
- the size of a transformation unit for transformation in the encoding process may be selected based on a data unit that is not larger than each coding unit.
- the 32x32 size conversion unit 720 is The conversion can be performed.
- the data of the 64x64 coding unit 710 is transformed into 32x32, 16x16, 8x8, and 4x4 transform units of 64x64 size or less, and then encoded, and the transform unit having the least error with the original is selected. Can be.
- the output unit 130 of the video encoding apparatus 100 is information about an encoding mode, and information about a partition type 800 and information 810 about a prediction mode for each coding unit of each coded depth.
- the information 820 about the size of the transformation unit may be encoded and transmitted.
- the information about the partition type 800 is a data unit for predictive encoding of the current coding unit and indicates information about a partition type in which the prediction unit of the current coding unit is divided.
- the current coding unit CU_0 of size 2Nx2N may be any one of a partition 802 of size 2Nx2N, a partition 804 of size 2NxN, a partition 806 of size Nx2N, and a partition 808 of size NxN. It can be divided and used.
- the information 800 about the partition type of the current coding unit represents one of a partition 802 of size 2Nx2N, a partition 804 of size 2NxN, a partition 806 of size Nx2N, and a partition 808 of size NxN. It is set to.
- Information 810 relating to the prediction mode indicates the prediction mode of each partition. For example, through the information 810 about the prediction mode, whether the partition indicated by the information 800 about the partition type is performed in one of the intra mode 812, the inter mode 814, and the skip mode 816 is performed. Whether or not can be set.
- the information about the transform unit size 820 indicates whether to transform the current coding unit based on the transform unit.
- the transform unit may be one of a first intra transform unit size 822, a second intra transform unit size 824, a first inter transform unit size 826, and a second inter transform unit size 828. have.
- the image data and encoding information extractor 210 of the video decoding apparatus 200 may include information about a partition type 800, information 810 about a prediction mode, and transformation for each depth-based coding unit. Information 820 about the unit size may be extracted and used for decoding.
- 21 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Segmentation information may be used to indicate a change in depth.
- the split information indicates whether a coding unit of a current depth is split into coding units of a lower depth.
- the prediction unit 910 for predictive encoding of the coding unit 900 having depth 0 and 2N_0x2N_0 size includes a partition type 912 having a size of 2N_0x2N_0, a partition type 914 having a size of 2N_0xN_0, a partition type 916 having a size of N_0x2N_0, and a N_0xN_0 It may include a partition type 918 of size. Although only partitions 912, 914, 916, and 918 in which the prediction unit is divided by a symmetrical ratio are illustrated, as described above, the partition type is not limited thereto, and asymmetric partitions, arbitrary partitions, geometric partitions, and the like. It may include.
- prediction coding For each partition type, prediction coding must be performed repeatedly for one 2N_0x2N_0 partition, two 2N_0xN_0 partitions, two N_0x2N_0 partitions, and four N_0xN_0 partitions.
- prediction encoding For partitions having a size 2N_0x2N_0, a size N_0x2N_0, a size 2N_0xN_0, and a size N_0xN_0, prediction encoding may be performed in an intra mode and an inter mode. The skip mode may be performed only for prediction encoding on partitions having a size of 2N_0x2N_0.
- the depth 0 is changed to 1 and split (920), and the encoding is repeatedly performed on the depth 2 and the coding units 930 of the partition type having the size N_0xN_0.
- the prediction unit 940 for predictive encoding of the coding unit 930 having a depth of 1 and a size of 2N_1x2N_1 includes a partition type 942 having a size of 2N_1x2N_1, a partition type 944 having a size of 2N_1xN_1, and a partition type having a size of N_1x2N_1.
- 946, a partition type 948 of size N_1 ⁇ N_1 may be included.
- the depth 1 is changed to the depth 2 and divided (950), and repeatedly for the depth 2 and the coding units 960 of the size N_2xN_2.
- the encoding may be performed to search for a minimum encoding error.
- depth-based coding units may be set until depth d-1, and split information may be set up to depth d-2. That is, when encoding is performed from the depth d-2 to the depth d-1 to the depth d-1, the prediction encoding of the coding unit 980 of the depth d-1 and the size 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1)
- the prediction unit for 990 is a partition type 992 of size 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1), partition type 994 of size 2N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1), size A partition type 996 of N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1) and a partition type 998 of size N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1) may be included.
- one partition 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1), two partitions 2N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1), two sizes N_ (d-1) x2N_ Prediction encoding is repeatedly performed for each partition of (d-1) and four partitions of size N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1), so that a partition type having a minimum encoding error may be searched. .
- the coding unit CU_ (d-1) of the depth d-1 is no longer
- the encoding depth of the current maximum coding unit 900 may be determined as the depth d-1, and the partition type may be determined as N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1) without going through a division process into lower depths.
- split information is not set for the coding unit 952 having the depth d-1.
- the data unit 999 may be referred to as a 'minimum unit' for the current maximum coding unit.
- the minimum unit may be a square data unit having a size obtained by dividing the minimum coding unit, which is the lowest coding depth, into four divisions.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 compares the encoding errors for each depth of the coding unit 900, selects a depth at which the smallest encoding error occurs, and determines a coding depth.
- the partition type and the prediction mode may be set to the encoding mode of the coded depth.
- the depth with the smallest error can be determined by comparing the minimum coding errors for all depths of depths 0, 1, ..., d-1, d, and can be determined as the coding depth.
- the coded depth, the partition type of the prediction unit, and the prediction mode may be encoded and transmitted as information about an encoding mode.
- the coding unit since the coding unit must be split from the depth 0 to the coded depth, only the split information of the coded depth is set to '0', and the split information for each depth except the coded depth should be set to '1'.
- the image data and encoding information extractor 220 of the video decoding apparatus 200 may extract information about a coding depth and a prediction unit for the coding unit 900 and use the same to decode the coding unit 912. Can be.
- the video decoding apparatus 200 may identify a depth having split information of '0' as a coding depth using split information for each depth, and may use the decoding depth by using information about an encoding mode for a corresponding depth. have.
- 22, 23, and 24 illustrate a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transformation unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the coding units 1010 are coding units according to coding depths determined by the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment with respect to the maximum coding unit.
- the prediction unit 1060 is partitions of prediction units of each coding depth of each coding depth among the coding units 1010, and the transformation unit 1070 is transformation units of each coding depth for each coding depth.
- the depth-based coding units 1010 have a depth of 0
- the coding units 1012 and 1054 have a depth of 1
- the coding units 1014, 1016, 1018, 1028, 1050, and 1052 have depths.
- coding units 1020, 1022, 1024, 1026, 1030, 1032, and 1048 have a depth of three
- coding units 1040, 1042, 1044, and 1046 have a depth of four.
- partitions 1014, 1016, 1022, 1032, 1048, 1050, 1052, and 1054 of the prediction units 1060 are obtained by splitting coding units. That is, partitions 1014, 1022, 1050, and 1054 are partition types of 2NxN, partitions 1016, 1048, and 1052 are partition types of Nx2N, and partitions 1032 are partition types of NxN. Prediction units and partitions of the coding units 1010 according to depths are smaller than or equal to each coding unit.
- the image data of the part 1052 of the transformation units 1070 is transformed or inversely transformed into a data unit having a smaller size than the coding unit.
- the transformation units 1014, 1016, 1022, 1032, 1048, 1050, 1052, and 1054 are data units having different sizes or shapes when compared to corresponding prediction units and partitions among the prediction units 1060. That is, the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment may be intra prediction / motion estimation / motion compensation operations and transform / inverse transform operations for the same coding unit. Each can be performed on a separate data unit.
- coding is performed recursively for each coding unit having a hierarchical structure for each largest coding unit to determine an optimal coding unit.
- coding units having a recursive tree structure may be configured.
- the encoding information may include split information about a coding unit, partition type information, prediction mode information, and transformation unit size information. Table 5 below shows an example that can be set in the video encoding apparatus 100 and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment.
- the output unit 130 of the video encoding apparatus 100 outputs encoding information about coding units having a tree structure
- the encoding information extraction unit of the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment 220 may extract encoding information about coding units having a tree structure from the received bitstream.
- the split information indicates whether the current coding unit is split into coding units of a lower depth. If the split information of the current depth d is 0, partition type information, prediction mode, and transform unit size information are defined for the coded depth because the depth in which the current coding unit is no longer divided into the lower coding units is a coded depth. Can be. If it is to be further split by the split information, encoding should be performed independently for each coding unit of the divided four lower depths.
- the prediction mode may be represented by one of an intra mode, an inter mode, and a skip mode.
- Intra mode and inter mode can be defined in all partition types, and skip mode can be defined only in partition type 2Nx2N.
- the partition type information indicates the symmetric partition types 2Nx2N, 2NxN, Nx2N and NxN, in which the height or width of the prediction unit is divided by the symmetrical ratio, and the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU, 2NxnD, nLx2N, nRx2N, which are divided by the asymmetrical ratio.
- the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU and 2NxnD are divided into heights 1: 3 and 3: 1, respectively, and the asymmetric partition types nLx2N and nRx2N are divided into 1: 3 and 3: 1 widths, respectively.
- the conversion unit size may be set to two kinds of sizes in the intra mode and two kinds of sizes in the inter mode. That is, if the transformation unit split information is 0, the size of the transformation unit is set to the size 2Nx2N of the current coding unit. If the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit having a size obtained by dividing the current coding unit may be set. In addition, if the partition type for the current coding unit having a size of 2Nx2N is a symmetric partition type, the size of the transform unit may be set to NxN, and if the asymmetric partition type is N / 2xN / 2.
- Encoding information of coding units having a tree structure may be allocated to at least one of a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a minimum unit unit of a coding depth.
- the coding unit of the coding depth may include at least one prediction unit and at least one minimum unit having the same encoding information.
- the encoding information held by each adjacent data unit is checked, it may be determined whether the adjacent data units are included in the coding unit having the same coding depth.
- the coding unit of the corresponding coding depth may be identified by using the encoding information held by the data unit, the distribution of the coded depths within the maximum coding unit may be inferred.
- the encoding information of the data unit in the depth-specific coding unit adjacent to the current coding unit may be directly referred to and used.
- the prediction coding when the prediction coding is performed by referring to the neighboring coding unit, the data adjacent to the current coding unit in the coding unit according to depths is encoded by using the encoding information of the adjacent coding units according to depths.
- the neighboring coding unit may be referred to by searching.
- FIG. 25 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transformation unit, according to encoding mode information of Table 5.
- the maximum coding unit 1300 includes coding units 1302, 1304, 1306, 1312, 1314, 1316, and 1318 of a coded depth. Since one coding unit 1318 is a coding unit of a coded depth, split information may be set to zero.
- the partition type information of the coding unit 1318 having a size of 2Nx2N is partition type 2Nx2N 1322, 2NxN 1324, Nx2N 1326, NxN 1328, 2NxnU 1332, 2NxnD 1334, nLx2N (1336). And nRx2N 1338.
- the transform unit split information (TU size flag) is a type of transform index, and a size of a transform unit corresponding to the transform index may be changed according to a prediction unit type or a partition type of a coding unit.
- the partition type information is set to one of the symmetric partition types 2Nx2N 1322, 2NxN 1324, Nx2N 1326, and NxN 1328
- the conversion unit partition information is 0, a conversion unit of size 2Nx2N ( 1342 is set, and if the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit 1344 of size NxN may be set.
- the partition type information is set to one of the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU (1332), 2NxnD (1334), nLx2N (1336), and nRx2N (1338), if the conversion unit partition information (TU size flag) is 0, a conversion unit of size 2Nx2N ( 1352 is set, and if the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit 1354 of size N / 2 ⁇ N / 2 may be set.
- the conversion unit partitioning information (TU size flag) described above with reference to FIG. 25 is a flag having a value of 0 or 1, but the conversion unit partitioning information according to an embodiment is not limited to a 1-bit flag and is set to 0 according to a setting. , 1, 2, 3., etc., and may be divided hierarchically.
- the transformation unit partition information may be used as an embodiment of the transformation index.
- the size of the transformation unit actually used may be expressed.
- the video encoding apparatus 100 may encode maximum transform unit size information, minimum transform unit size information, and maximum transform unit split information.
- the encoded maximum transform unit size information, minimum transform unit size information, and maximum transform unit split information may be inserted into the SPS.
- the video decoding apparatus 200 may use the maximum transform unit size information, the minimum transform unit size information, and the maximum transform unit split information to use for video decoding.
- the maximum transform unit split information is defined as 'MaxTransformSizeIndex'
- the minimum transform unit size is 'MinTransformSize'
- the transform unit split information is 0,
- the minimum transform unit possible in the current coding unit is defined as 'RootTuSize'.
- the size 'CurrMinTuSize' can be defined as in relation (1) below.
- 'RootTuSize' which is a transform unit size when the transform unit split information is 0, may indicate a maximum transform unit size that can be adopted in the system. That is, according to relation (1), 'RootTuSize / (2 ⁇ MaxTransformSizeIndex)' is a transformation obtained by dividing 'RootTuSize', which is the size of the transformation unit when the transformation unit division information is 0, by the number of times corresponding to the maximum transformation unit division information. Since the unit size is 'MinTransformSize' is the minimum transform unit size, a smaller value among them may be the minimum transform unit size 'CurrMinTuSize' possible in the current coding unit.
- the maximum transform unit size RootTuSize may vary depending on a prediction mode.
- RootTuSize may be determined according to the following relation (2).
- 'MaxTransformSize' represents the maximum transform unit size
- 'PUSize' represents the current prediction unit size.
- RootTuSize min (MaxTransformSize, PUSize) ......... (2)
- 'RootTuSize' which is a transform unit size when the transform unit split information is 0, may be set to a smaller value among the maximum transform unit size and the current prediction unit size.
- 'RootTuSize' may be determined according to Equation (3) below.
- 'PartitionSize' represents the size of the current partition unit.
- RootTuSize min (MaxTransformSize, PartitionSize) ........... (3)
- the conversion unit size 'RootTuSize' when the conversion unit split information is 0 may be set to a smaller value among the maximum conversion unit size and the current partition unit size.
- the current maximum conversion unit size 'RootTuSize' according to an embodiment that changes according to the prediction mode of the partition unit is only an embodiment, and a factor determining the current maximum conversion unit size is not limited thereto.
- the maximum coding unit including the coding units of the tree structure described above with reference to FIGS. 13 to 25 may be a coding block tree, a block tree, a root block tree, a coding tree, a coding root, or It may also be called variously as a tree trunk.
- the invention can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable recording media include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, and the like.
- the computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
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Abstract
Description
nal_unit_type | Name of nal_unit_type | Content of NAL unit and RBSP syntax structure |
0 1 | TRAIL_N TRAIL_R | Coded slice segment of a non-TSA, non-STSA trailing picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
2 3 | TSA_N TSA_R | Coded slice segment of a TSA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
4 5 | STSA_N STSA_R | Coded slice segment of an STSA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
6 7 | RADL_N RADL_R | Coded slice segment of a RADL picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
8 9 | RASL_N RASL_R | Coded slice segment of a RASL picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
10 12 14 | RSV_VCL_N10 RSV_VCL_N12 RSV_VCL_N14 | Reserved non-IRAP sub-layer non-reference VCL NAL unit types |
11 13 15 | RSV_VCL_R11 RSV_VCL_R13 RSV_VCL_R15 | Reserved non-IRAP sub-layer reference VCL NAL unit types |
16 17 18 | BLA_W_LP BLA_W_RADL BLA_N_LP | Coded slice segment of a BLA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
19 20 | IDR_W_RADL IDR_N_LP | Coded slice segment of an IDR picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
21 | CRA_NUT | Coded slice segment of a CRA picture slice_segment_layer_rbsp( ) |
22 23 | RSV_IRAP_VCL22 RSV_IRAP_VCL23 | Reserved IRAP VCL NAL unit types |
24..31 | RSV_VCL24.. RSV_VCL31 | Reserved non-IRAP VCL NAL unit types |
32 | VPS_NUT | Video parameter set video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
33 | SPS_NUT | Sequence parameter set seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
34 | PPS_NUT | Picture parameter set pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
35 | AUD_NUT | Access unit delimiter access_unit_delimiter_rbsp( ) |
36 | EOS_NUT | End of sequence end_of_seq_rbsp( ) |
37 | EOB_NUT | End of bitstream end_of_bitstream_rbsp( ) |
38 | FD_NUT | Filler data filler_data_rbsp( ) |
39 40 | PREFIX_SEI_NUT SUFFIX_SEI_NUT | Supplemental enhancement information sei_rbsp( ) |
41..47 | RSV_NVCL41.. RSV_NVCL47 | Reserved |
Claims (15)
- 멀티 레이어 비디오 복호화 방법에 있어서,멀티 레이어 비디오 비트스트림으로부터 적어도 하나의 복호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자를 얻는 단계;상기 비트스트림으로부터 상기 계층 식별자에 스케일러빌리티 정보가 포함되었는지 여부를 나타내는 플래그를 얻는 단계;상기 플래그가 상기 계층 식별자로부터 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻을 것을 나타냄에 따라 상기 계층 식별자로부터 서로 상이한 유형의 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보 중 적어도 하나의 유형에 속하는 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계; 및상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 사용하여 상기 복호화 대상 레이어 영상을 복호화하여 영상을 복원하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 대상 레이어 영상은 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 포함하고,상기 계층 식별자의 표현은 복수의 스케일러빌리티 유형에 대한 스케일러빌리티 차원을 나타내는 차원식별자를 일 부분으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 대상 레이어 영상은 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 포함하고,상기 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보는 이진 형태의 부분식별자로 연속하여 상기 계층 식별자의 이진 표현에 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계는,상기 비트 스트림으로부터 상기 계층 식별자에 포함된 스케일러빌리티 정보의 유형 개수를 나타내는 신택스를 얻는 단계; 및상기 유형 개수를 나타내는 신택스를 사용하여 상기 계층 식별자로부터 상기 복호화 대상 레이어 영상의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계는,상기 비트 스트림으로부터 상기 계층 식별자에 포함되는 스케일러빌리티 정보가 상기 계층 식별자의 이진 표현에서 차지하는 비트 길이를 나타내는 신택스를 얻는 단계; 및상기 비트 길이를 나타내는 신택스를 사용하여 상기 계층 식별자로부터 상기 대상 레이어 영상의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 계층 식별자에 마지막으로 포함되는 스케일러빌리티 정보의 길이는 상기 계층 식별자의 길이와 상기 계층 식별자에 포함된 스케일러빌리티 정보중 마지막으로 포함된 스케일러빌리티 정보를 제외한 스케일러빌리티 정보들의 길이를 사용하여 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계는,적어도 하나의 복호화 대상 레이어 영상의 스케일러빌리티 정보 유형 및 상기 적어도 하나의 복호화 대상 부호화 영상의 계층 식별자의 부분 식별자에 따라 생성된 스케일러빌리티 정보 집합이 상기 비트 스트림에 포함되었는지 여부를 나타내는 플래그의 값에 따라 상기 스케일러빌리티 정보 집합을 얻는 단계; 및상기 스케일러빌리티 정보 집합을 사용하여 대상 레이어 영상의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 멀티 레이어 비디오 부호화 방법에 있어서,영상 데이터를 멀티 레이어 부호화 영상으로 부호화 하는 단계;멀티 레이어 부호화 영상 중 적어도 하나의 부호화 대상 레이어 영상에 대하여 서로 상이한 유형의 스케일러빌리티 정보 중 적어도 하나의 유형에 속하는 스케일러빌리티 정보를 생성하는 단계;상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 사용하여 상기 부호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자를 생성하는 단계;상기 계층 식별자에 스케일러빌리티 정보가 포함되었는지 여부를 나타내는 플래그를 생성하는 단계; 및상기 계층 식별자 및 상기 플래그를 포함하는 비트스트림을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 사용하여 상기 부호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자를 생성하는 단계는,상기 계층 식별자의 값의 표현이 상기 스케일러빌리티 정보의 값을 일 부분으로 포함하도록 상기 계층 식별자를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 계층 식별자를 생성하는 단계는,상기 계층 식별자에 포함되는 스케일러빌리티 정보가 상기 계층 식별자의 이진 표현에서 차지하는 비트 길이를 나타내는 신택스를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 계층 식별자에는 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보가 순차적으로 포함되고,상기 비트 길이를 나타내는 지시자는 상기 계층 식별자에 마지막으로 포함되는 스케일러빌리티 정보에 대하여는 비트길이를 나타내지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 비트스트림은 상기 적어도 하나의 부호화 대상 레이어 영상에 포함되는 스케일러빌리티 정보 유형 및 상기 적어도 하나의 부호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자의 부분 식별자에 따라 생성된 상기 부호화 대상 레이어 영상의 스케일러빌리티 정보 집합을 더 포함하고, 상기 스케일러빌리티 정보 집합이 상기 비트 스트림에 포함되어 있음을 나타내는 플래그를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 멀티 레이어 비디오 복호화 장치에 있어서,멀티 레이어 비디오 비트스트림을 수신하는 수신부; 및상기 비트스트림으로부터 얻은 적어도 하나의 복호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자에 스케일러빌리티 정보가 포함되었는지 여부를 나타내는 플래그가 상기 계층 식별자로부터 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보를 얻을 것을 나타냄에 따라 상기 계층 식별자로부터 얻은 서로 상이한 유형의 복수의 스케일러빌리티 정보 중 적어도 하나의 유형에 속하는 스케일러빌리티 정보를 사용하여 상기 복호화 대상 레이어 영상을 복호화하여 영상을 복원하는 복호화부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 복호화 장치.
- 멀티 레이어 비디오 부호화 장치에 있어서,멀티 레이어 부호화 영상 중 적어도 하나의 부호화 대상 레이어 영상에 대하여 서로 상이한 유형의 스케일러빌리티 정보 중 적어도 하나의 유형에 속하는 스케일러빌리티 정보를 생성하고, 상기 스케일러빌리티 정보를 사용하여 상기 부호화 대상 레이어 영상의 계층 식별자를 생성하며, 상기 계층 식별자에 스케일러빌리티 정보가 포함되었는지 여부를 나타내는 플래그를 생성하여 영상 데이터를 멀티 레이어 부호화 영상으로 부호화 하는 부호화부; 및상기 계층 식별자 및 상기 플래그를 포함하는 비트스트림을 생성하는 출력부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제1항의 방법을 컴퓨터로 실행시키기 위한 프로그램이 기록된 컴퓨터로 판독 가능한 기록 매체.
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CN201480032613.1A CN105308962A (zh) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-07 | 多层视频编码方法和装置以及多层视频解码方法和装置 |
US14/782,406 US20160134879A1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-07 | Multi-layer video coding method and device, and multi-layer video decoding method and device |
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EP4358514A3 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2024-06-12 | Wilus Institute of Standards and Technology Inc. | Video signal processing method and device |
WO2021060801A1 (ko) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-04-01 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 |
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