WO2014158176A1 - Gratings with a printed 2d representation of a 3d image - Google Patents

Gratings with a printed 2d representation of a 3d image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014158176A1
WO2014158176A1 PCT/US2013/034489 US2013034489W WO2014158176A1 WO 2014158176 A1 WO2014158176 A1 WO 2014158176A1 US 2013034489 W US2013034489 W US 2013034489W WO 2014158176 A1 WO2014158176 A1 WO 2014158176A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
printed
tha
grating
gratings
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Application number
PCT/US2013/034489
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
James A BRUG
David A. Fattal
William Culbertson
Albert Jeans
Marco Fiorentino
Original Assignee
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp
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Application filed by Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp filed Critical Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp
Priority to PCT/US2013/034489 priority Critical patent/WO2014158176A1/en
Publication of WO2014158176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014158176A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/14—Printing apparatus specially adapted for conversion between different types of record
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye

Definitions

  • n tual n3 ⁇ 4al ⁇ or!d cene can e felly d raeiofeod y Its t3 ⁇ 4b ffeM, 3 ⁇ 4 Informatta tba i tensity * ⁇ !3 ⁇ 4 and direction of ail 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 ra s passing frmigts II»seen* Iht g af Is lo enable y3 ⁇ 4 ars of a dis lay screen to eKperiartoe a scene as one ould m$ ?w ® in pwion.
  • Cymrstl avalabfe display ser ans Irs t lsvisfer, p sonal ®sm vi®m, iapfepi, nd mtMW avfeia t iaargtl fcMHfrnerafcral and at Ihuis :nof saptbte of accurately iff pro uq g i fight field, Th ⁇ tm nstonaf f 3D * ) displays haya m r ⁇
  • Flg res 1A nd 16 am diagrams of an example apparatus indu$n ⁇ a pluralit of gratings rli a orted 20 f pms iitaftott of a 3D Im ge, in
  • Figure 2 Is a diagram of m mmm ⁇ aysltm including a plurality erf gi tip ith printed 2D fi risenfito of a 3D imagi@ ⁇ n accodasc il v rious fmpft mintafl ns; i3 ⁇ 4 «r ⁇ $ is diagram of another ex m le apparatus including a plpna f gratings with a rinted 20 3 ⁇ 4pm tRlMf0 : n of 3D Jrnig®, in ooQrdins w!ffi t Iffipte mifi!iHofit: ig re 4 is diagram of another example appaiatys in !oding a plyraiiy of gri ng with i prinfid 20 f pmiMlifen of a 3D imt , In mm ..with varlmis inipfoiiBntatto
  • Figiiras 6A and SB are diagrams of n ther example pwat s tri udinQ plurality of gir tn s wiih a pdntad 20 rapraaontatlon of a 3D lm g :t n aso fdanoa wit ous imptemestations;
  • ' m 7 Is a diagram of anothe txanpto apparatus jnoiyding a pkimiif of gr incp ith a prlrstad 2D m mso l ten of a 30 Image, n: «orf : « win variou fmptem fafefis;
  • Pigwa 8 is diagram of a :ot a a ampia apparatu Ifiolodlng: a plurality of gratings wth a printed 2D re resentation of a 30 ima ⁇ #, in aoepr anee win various irnpterwi!ai ni
  • Figure ⁇ is a biocfc diagram of n exam le -system iesiwdsng a plurality of gratings with prlotad 20 rapssonlattoi of a 3D m ge, in accordance with various in temantati fi ;
  • Figure 10 is a di f m of ansliar xarnpl oysttm nof cling a plurality of gratings win a rinted: 20 reprasaniatlen of a 30 Im pa, I aeoordamoa will various im lemenati n :
  • Figori 11 is a flow dlagrani of m ex m le rno od " m t ⁇ i i v rious lrnplo «ntatl ii: i3 ⁇ 4 «r ⁇ 1.2 it a flow digram of apothar ex mle mathod
  • pnSi and f ra 15 is flow diagram another ex m le nafh»d in m ⁇ rm wit various implementations.
  • fm n are ⁇ xampfes of a d1r@stionat ptol it a pontic! t o- dtmopsionat f 3 ⁇ 4P 3 ⁇ 4
  • the plurality of direpitopal pixels may e Ideofcal reo " 8f0lea3 ⁇ 4 of th 3D image destr d ⁇ whlph nia slw fafedp f ton of a directional backplane in uantif , such printed 2D reprasoofaiiop of
  • the plurality ®f diraeiariaf pimh 1S2 »d f1 ⁇ 2 saafter an Inpat planar gh beam into a plurality of direofioaal lit be ms and tha anted 2D m maana!soo 104 may aduate a pl ral!y of diracPooal Ugh! b*w* IQfed 3 ⁇ 4 generate the 30 i aga 108,
  • T olrae onaf ⁇ > 0 a ⁇ d may mw tha Input planar if htfoeama m® saaitar a fraction of input- planar llp tfeea:rns into direotiafal iip !ha rna,
  • the printed 20 repr«s «taion 104 may modaita i singi ⁇ direottohal l! ⁇ liteiiri torn a slnga dl «ii «a! ⁇ ml r set of d!feoiona!
  • Ila printed 20 representation 104 may anahla 3D ttm m to bo nmsted wisp m diffeant yi t with aaah view rovW d ay a sat at dtreoilanal it hibe nisL eiij s c!esa Aed in mora data!
  • hm n, earis dr ef ona p ⁇ ml may he speoied fey a grating length fta,., dimension l ng the propagation -sm of i3 ⁇ 4 Input planar l3 ⁇ 4i i3 ⁇ 4 at ⁇ , a gralng wdth ia ⁇ s dimension across the ro ag tio ails of the inpat planar 3 ⁇ 4tsfb ®m ⁇ a groove erieaiatloo, a tarp and a duty ayole, iaati direstianat pixel may emit a direahonal licthtbeam with a i ct rs that is determined by -il ⁇ , g ove d ntatoft nd th grating pitch and with an angular s tad that may he daier lnad hy the gratng I
  • pka!a 1 Q2a ⁇ d may ha oo:fa iss d of atterned gratings 4 haying ayfeatantiali paratel pmov a to soatiar input ptatw light b ams 1 6 tofo tha piyraitfy oidiFoc oo ! light btomt ISS ⁇ . i mtkm
  • pl fs 102a-d may be formed using any of a oymher of fabhojion operaftona, in $ ⁇ i? teifoPn!ofloos 3 ⁇ 4 the dteptoaol e!s 1028- may be farmed fey on Imprint ti&ography operation. In some of theae
  • the dlrM nal ptof ⁇ 102 ⁇ may pa formed an additive or aupfmetYa phofoiff hdgfaphy opofaloa.
  • impiapiiOfilpna :i the gfi!top 14 may ha formed by p s og C rfh botofeseL tor xample), exposure development and efehimjof axposed raoJens ef the sybstfate 110 c dap&srte of materal OR exposed regio s of the syfeatr te 110 to form f ftp gratings 114 pdl 3
  • srntkrn® OKempias lha I fetoass of the grating groovea of ih dfeatlonaf ol 1023 ⁇ 4KJ " osr* fee «ypstantia% flti mm tor ill oi oyee r ⁇ soipg In a ty antialfy pona dosipn,- The
  • gr fcg width W a tmm Mrnmfmn ⁇ , and a imitrso ' pllyfvA.
  • f grating tengt t of a gi ing may eooW tte an ⁇ ular apreac! ) of the oorrasp-ondliig a»diooal ligh be m along the input light propagation axis am! the grating width Wm$ control the angular s p ⁇ ad ⁇ of th mm®pm !fhi fea in ®mm the i p light pop gaton xis, as follows:
  • the g vO: orfenfa!ioo, speetf1 ⁇ 4d by the stir ⁇ orientation angleI, m the grating pito o perod, apeeled fey A, may ⁇ o trol %w direction of the cff region l light %mm
  • s hsianitafi um m W may ba substantially 3um, which may, m soma
  • Impfemaetaip a, th printed S ropraifyfitlon 104 may fyaofl si a® phyfior to tyai f or eh3 ⁇ 4:P i the or!ghteass, solar, or ot er p p®tty.
  • an ffeii for aaph lma ⁇ i may bp. it pm ⁇ or 1400 dpi, la som ⁇ of tbita examples, a 84-v*e M d 20 repre entation 1 4 may co es ond to m image resolution of 288 m ⁇ pilij
  • An ® t ⁇ ® ImplapioPtailoa is shown In ⁇ 2 in which apparatus 200 Ipe!
  • b3 ⁇ 4S la ipnp Im iomanta ns, muit$pl» colors may be achie ed by pflp In yt plsp r lig t rns ng d prtpl poiars torn dlfferiat ⁇ ir o! i into !h ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ # ⁇
  • binary mm may fee diharaci for oraafiagi diffararst shadas>
  • the prinfad 20 ro FOaan!afto 104 may be f rmad m a te 18, woioo may e arangad r the alraotlonat 102a «&
  • the f&n 118 may oomprfea any ⁇ auft ola raafa ai syari m, for mmmpl > a poiymartc photonic Him, la vaio s axampfas, iht tlim Hi may aamprisa a pte jsuc as, for axampla, pof a yteoa s polyathyfafia farapwhalata, p !ya#yterta aaph!ia!
  • tha p m 2D ropfo anfaiion 104 of Ida 3D imaga 100 may P fcmiad sspg a pdatlng opofafton.
  • ! ⁇ srntkrn® Impi tmfiMmm, 20 rapras nfate of a 30 toa ⁇ a may fee pnoted 4 ⁇ m$y onto a sp i!rata i3 ⁇ 4a ⁇ ins the dlractionai p , wmp $ m Rfyra 3, a iustratad, iha a paratus 30 indodas a diraattaat feaekpiana ⁇ m nsing: a sypsfrate 310 having ; a plurality of dlraotfpnai pixaia 302 « a 2D r F sa ta&o 304 of if® 3D imago is pdritod
  • S O may - include a film SI 8 having, a 2D iapiasaoiation ⁇ 04 of a 3D Image, Tfa 2D repraaentatloft SQ4 m y disposed mm a directional h okpfan 512 iocfydlng a substrate: 510 having dtraeftooai pirate ⁇ 02a ⁇ d.
  • tie sybstrafe S22 may r oaiva tha input plai3 ⁇ 4ar !lsht a ms ilS from 3 ⁇ 4bt o foe. Olii Although various examples illustrated latlp depict a foyr-hy-fo t
  • a ⁇ ftetiariaj i&eHpiene fti gaoordaopt with yih ya axamplas may ba d si ⁇ « d wit* m n drectoi l plmte highar than ⁇ % e ending: m ow ft dracfooa! feaokpteae Is aaad (e ⁇ ' in a 30 display acra a.
  • a olrecilop t feaefcpiane may pom ilae a plurality of a veguide arrays.
  • an a paratpB 8 0 may fpo!yde a avapida arr y teviag a sat of a agyldt 823 ⁇ 4H3, aa i wava ⁇ yide la lyolng a sy set of dlrepltopal ⁇ mt® S 2 of a plyrally of dreotlsnai pixals.
  • Toe dlreetional pfcts 802 may scatter «®if!raafe ⁇ Input pfaaar light dearn i iiafp a plurality of direotlooal: ll rd beams, wdled may da modylafed by primed 20 representation ⁇ e leted ey Ida various shaded pixels ⁇ 02) of Ida 30 Image to generate trie SO Image, in varley impfemertta!iona, th aeguides 826a-d may comp se a dielectric or polymer material, or another suitable material,
  • sonvartidla i pyters dissfav dayioe ser afs set-top teas, dlgsiai nscoplas, game conaalea, smart ho aa, persona i digital ssist nts, m i ph nes, digital medi players... televisions, o? dg al p mer S In soma
  • the ply r l of light sour oas ⁇ 2S may in u e, lor s m le, om . ar mor lasers, m® mom mwm ⁇ ⁇ Mi ll ⁇ ht sounsas with a spaclral fcarsd kff* of approximately 30 tm-w l ss, ayah as Llfht Emitting Dodes ' UEDs3 ⁇ 4 lasers, nd so on * The n ut p!aaar light tea ms.fam!!
  • ply rally of light sources 326 may pfopapia in Siifcaf ni ll t a s : laaa as tha dfraoional back lane i1 Tn %at soorees ⁇ 2@ may Inolyd a smgia-color light mu ⁇ multiple snflo- o!or 3 ⁇ 4h aoora3 ⁇ 4a f # ⁇ aato 3 ⁇ 4tit toproea raf LED, gtmn ISD S nil Mm- LED), or thr e color LED strips, oaob oopfainlP an array of color IE Da ( g...
  • Fig e 10 riesariba a axampte tim 1000 Woolag a 3 ⁇ 4Wsoom 102 m$.
  • a film 1011 InofoAg printed SO ro resentat n 100 of a 3D Image may modulate the si ⁇ terad planar light beams to genarate the 3D Image
  • fw dlred!oaal ixels may eaob com ise a pafiamacf grating mn ⁇ sofesiantfally parallel and slaetacl grooves Is saaiar an i put planar light e m Into a plurality of diraalpnal light boa m .
  • tt piaraTfty of direoikmaf may form, at mm in art, a racttePal baokpian In vstoys i lemaatatiooi, t e plurality of dlreotiooal pixels ma e irapas pd or rals a" ⁇ i sp ⁇ a disposed OP a spoatfate.
  • the audit may aom nsa sico rofrio3 ⁇ 4 gl ss, quark, plastic : or indium tin oxide.: I soaia tmpianieaiat ton , flip apostate may oomprisa a flm thai may ha disposed on another -substrate-, and the film, ifa o ayfestrate ⁇ or ho , may faoalve an Input planar light %m . la various
  • I ple aotaion , tha diraallanai pixels may bo forniad y&inp. an smponf lithography operation or a photolithography operato, For at ast soma of the former
  • the dlrenfloaai ixel may be -formed using a roMa ⁇ rol imprinting operation.
  • the method 11 0 ma proooed io pfc-ek 1104 fey forming a phntod 20 reprsaaotailon of tha 30 image mm the plurality of dlr etioo l ptels la modul te the plurality of dirtctona! IgM oaaaia to g aarala ttia 30 m ge, la various
  • Im limaitaloh , t pfintad 20 ra iiiati n ofthe 30 ⁇ may ho dl ⁇ o ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4i n a fJrr Tha ⁇ m ma -comprise any aulab!a material ayah as, far example, a polymeric photooio film
  • tha film may comprise a plastic suc as, for exam le, pc & 3 ⁇ 4rag, polyethylene tera aht aiafe, polyethylene :n pht a!s :i ⁇ lym3 ⁇ 4 » s ®t r i#i pelymt&f polyvinyl chtesr!d$ f otev in $ m im$ *®M %m x ⁇ ⁇ , 3?
  • the method 1£0G may begin or prppeest te block 1202 by forming a plynsilty of tir clooot gM$ ⁇
  • the plurality of dtractooa pn fi nw be formed mln$ , any syltaole oparaloo su- h as, tor ex&mpte, imp ni 3 ⁇ 4cf raphy ⁇ r p otoliiogpsp y, am ng of eti- Fpf! a!i !i sorp !
  • t tetrat may compost -slt&ort gl ss, o, «a?f_, piasSc, or indium HP o td , n ome fmpiemowetions, the iypstrati rmf com rse- a film on wU the dlr ⁇ eta f plxite mf 0» f r? ⁇ & The printod m ma arranged op enethef sypsirato.. In some : of fiost.
  • the rim may be peopled to the pt or syt3 ⁇ 4 iatp, in various
  • the ri ting may h® perfomed yssng any suitable printing operation, in s ma: ;exa :j! % ttm pnofci op ea m y comprise ao InkJet: printing:, screen prying,, or other s llable - printing operation.
  • the printed 20 reprosantattop may fee formed usng a roti o ⁇ roll opontiop, f ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4i ⁇ J
  • the method 1 80 may proceed to block 1 3 ⁇ 4 dy arranging i pl ality Of lig t oopfoei IP generat® ttieiopyt ptear light : ea ⁇ :t woten tha dlmotopai 3 ⁇ 4@te ay scati f imp a plurality of dteteal ⁇ ⁇ immm m ⁇ m l 3 ⁇ 4 30 m$ >
  • ⁇ ⁇ Another oxa mpte method 300 for making ar3 ⁇ 4 ' ap anty e to geneate a 30 imago Is llyttrat d in lguro 13,
  • the m t od 1300 may begiri-w proofed to loek 1302 fey f rming a pk fy of lm ®m isA which ma l»m &mfm $ to itw- .opeate ⁇ etod oy feoek 1202 of Fl ⁇ «r ⁇ 12.
  • & 1J Tm method 300 may m ia hioek 1304 fey rinting a 2
  • the flnri ma comprise n su!aple material w is :5 for « te, a fymiffe pheianie flm.. I viftous i ⁇ im ias, Ht l!m may
  • Th® met od 1300 m y roceed to tjfdcfc 1306 fey ranging t e film m m tamti dirsetteal pi&a!s.
  • the Mm may be coupled to a mb ⁇ a ing; th3 ⁇ 4 urality of Em tion l m > u$»n$ any suifehto adhesive- or a frame mu one or mo ed es of tho film to tho syfestrato.
  • torno Imptemontolon ⁇ to printed film ertht ayfeatrato fmln the dfreoifep ! pimfa * or bot may

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Gratings with a printed 2D representation of a 3D image is described. An example provides an apparatus including a substrate with a plurality of gratings comprising substantially parallel grooves patterned to scatter an input planar light beam into a plurality of directional light beams, and a printed 2D representation of the 3D image over the plurality of gratings to modulate the plurality of directional light beams to generate the 3D image.

Description

&$&rm$$ WITH A m tm 20 i¾i i¾iSE^mtiofi OF A 30 IIIASI
Ths abii to t$$t&!ium Μύ m a dispay mmn b n a q § In Ir3agli¾: and dis lay technolog ,. A light fied Is I» set of all light rays traveling In yary directi ns t rsygh every point in spaea. Any n tual n¾al~ or!d cene can e felly d raeiofeod y Its t¾b ffeM, ¾ Informatta tba i tensity* α !¾ and direction of ail ¾¾ ra s passing frmigts II»seen* Iht g af Is lo enable y¾ ars of a dis lay screen to eKperiartoe a scene as one ould m$ ?w ® in pwion. δ¾ Cymrstl avalabfe display ser ans Irs t lsvisfer, p sonal ®sm vi®m, iapfepi, nd mtMW avfeia t iaargtl fcMHfrnerafcral and at Ihuis :nof saptbte of accurately iff pro uq g i fight field, Th ^tm nstonaf f 3D*) displays haya m r ^
Figure imgf000002_0001
Brief Deserlpioii *e Da ing
|Q003J The dafa!ad descripion secion mfmrnem the drawings,; wheran::
Flg res 1A nd 16 am diagrams of an example apparatus indu$n§ a pluralit of gratings rli a orted 20 f pms iitaftott of a 3D Im ge, in
■m® mmwtto various Implemantailens
Figure 2 Is a diagram of m mmm≠ aysltm including a plurality erf gi tip ith printed 2D fi risenfito of a 3D imagi@{ n accodasc il v rious fmpft mintafl ns; i¾«r§ $ is diagram of another ex m le apparatus including a plpna f gratings with a rinted 20 ¾pm tRlMf0:n of 3D Jrnig®, in ooQrdins w!ffi t Iffipte mifi!iHofit: ig re 4 is diagram of another example appaiatys in !oding a plyraiiy of gri ng with i prinfid 20 f pmiMlifen of a 3D imt , In mm ..with varlmis inipfoiiBntattoii:; f Ig mS k a diagram of anot er &ampl apparatys iitpyding a plurality of gratings lh a rnted 20 ra raseriiaflari of a 30 ?mag$, m mdmtm w ll varfoy § im lementations ;
Figiiras 6A and SB are diagrams of n ther example pwat s tri udinQ plurality of gir tn s wiih a pdntad 20 rapraaontatlon of a 3D lm g :t n aso fdanoa wit ous imptemestations; ' m 7 Is a diagram of anothe txanpto apparatus jnoiyding a pkimiif of gr incp ith a prlrstad 2D m mso l ten of a 30 Image, n: «orf : « win variou fmptem fafefis;
Pigwa 8 is diagram of a :ot a a ampia apparatu Ifiolodlng: a plurality of gratings wth a printed 2D re resentation of a 30 ima§#, in aoepr anee win various irnpterwi!ai ni
Figure § is a biocfc diagram of n exam le -system iesiwdsng a plurality of gratings with prlotad 20 rapssonlattoi of a 3D m ge, in accordance with various in temantati fi ;
Figure 10 is a di f m of ansliar xarnpl oysttm nof cling a plurality of gratings win a rinted: 20 reprasaniatlen of a 30 Im pa, I aeoordamoa will various im lemenati n :
Figori 11 is a flow dlagrani of m ex m le rno od "m t^ i i v rious lrnplo «ntatl ii: i¾«r§ 1.2 it a flow digram of apothar ex mle mathod In accordance with vifipys Im tem fit pnSi and f ra 15 is flow diagram another ex m le nafh»d in m^rm wit various implementations.
OolalsO S sorlptta «I ImtMrttiorits 0O J Dm i^ semens do ed » 3 -c p* , aft, far eMam ia, 3D displays based OR :hol©grarps, $m \l -b& ® f ©r !antfeylar !einsas, m¾y difficult to f fo oate for light f aids that are ppntralad wit precision at lbs ph¾ef level, task of prsds»n at §i« i el la ai «¾ limit Im ge CfyaJty anhor limit range of viewing sygte aodi lai r aeMfens, In soma ipataopa^ those deficMineias m y limit te dpgrpp ¾ faaiisrn that pa e aphievaii I Describee! fm n are ©xampfes of a d1r@stionat ptol it a pontic! t o- dtmopsionat f ¾P¾| a aont oo of a 3D imago, Tho plurality of #adiopol p!xois may scatter m input planar tight imm into a plurality' of direPlanp! Ight beam$s and the pnoted 2D e aseptaiia) of tbo 30 irnacfa my madulat tha plurality of directional light be rds to §&nor¾t the 30 image, ii Variotis i le entaiona ma advantageously en ble generation of precise 3D Irnagaa with an aa y p abrc¾t sybstantiali planar stfOPtyra, Further, In various implementations, a Olraefcn ! feaPkpiano Ipclydlng the plurality of direpitopal pixels may e Ideofcal reo" 8f0lea¾ of th 3D image destr d} whlph nia slw fafedp f ton of a directional backplane in uantif , such printed 2D reprasoofaiiop of
fchavar So images are daairad may tee loope over tha dlroot nal backplane at a later !rna, Sueb o 4be-ly generation of displays; lor aparalipj 30 im ges m y be WM f mm tm4 ^ o ieattorm* For example .various e&aml s deserfeif h @in « »e u&anjj loi re uany i nnH yi ra* lyanafej. nteui^ i i ges, tyeuyt jogu&, prodyof lapels, go¾ra hiaa! I ages, ampag numerous ott r ax' pi iea. j¾WJ i¾«n$s 1 A -and IS d siori a an apparatus 100 ino dtng a piyrs% of
Figure imgf000005_0001
1g¾ire 1A da ieiffi a s otionat sfd-t view of it® & p im 100 and Rgyra 1 i df o¾n§ s top vsaw ®f$m apparatus 100, A rints 20 rapfasantatiori 104 of a 3 D im® & 108 may fee dlaposad : the p!araiify of directional pim - 1¾¾wL.The plurality ®f diraeiariaf pimh 1S2 »d f½ saafter an Inpat planar gh beam into a plurality of direofioaal lit be ms and tha anted 2D m maana!soo 104 may aduate a pl ral!y of diracPooal Ugh! b*w* IQfed ¾ generate the 30 i aga 108,
|O0Oi| frr varloys exam les* tha diraafiaria! els 132*4 t f ha arranged in m part: of a difaotlona! paols i na that may ha ilumin ted £>y a tafttv of in ut p
iig tfea roa , T olrae onaf≠π > 0 a^d may mw tha Input planar if htfoeama m® saaitar a fraction of input- planar llp tfeea:rns into direotiafal iip !ha rna, The printed 20 repr«s«taion 104 may modaita i singi© direottohal l!§liteiiri torn a slnga dl«ii«a! ≠ml r set of d!feoiona! ilghf eans from sat of dlrealonaj pheis. Ila printed 20 representation 104 may anahla 3D ttm m to bo nmsted wisp m diffeant yi t with aaah view rovW d ay a sat at dtreoilanal it hibe nisL eiij s c!esa Aed in mora data! hm n, earis dr ef ona p\ml may he speoied fey a grating length fta,., dimension l ng the propagation -sm of i¾ Input planar l¾i i¾ at }, a gralng wdth ia<s dimension across the ro ag tio ails of the inpat planar ¾tsfb ®m^ a groove erieaiatloo, a tarp and a duty ayole, iaati direstianat pixel may emit a direahonal licthtbeam with a i ct rs that is determined by -il©, g ove d ntatoft nd th grating pitch and with an angular s tad that may he daier lnad hy the gratng Iwgt and width, 010| The dffeoioriaJ pixels 10Sa-c ma be disposed on a s« rate 11θ to form a direetlonal oaokpiarta 11:2, Th -mbefc .1 0 of tha dsreotlenai haekptarie 112 may comprise slab of transparent m terW (sodb e , fliean aitrlde, glass* guar¾ pas¾ Indium in m$> ¾te.) ving tha !ur Kf of ill teal ¾a% 192i»d arraPi d in: w m tap af ha aybatrat® 10, Tha a¾ataa! pka!a 1 Q2a~d may ha oo:fa iss d of atterned gratings 4 haying ayfeatantiali paratel pmov a to soatiar input ptatw light b ams 1 6 tofo tha piyraitfy oidiFoc oo ! light btomt ISS ^. i mtkm
Figure imgf000006_0001
m ^m m «t of th@t§ traMm^t, fit film tmy disp sed on anoif
SyPStf tO.
P 11 The mm 1 i of th§ ^lr ;na| pl fs 102a-d may be formed using any of a oymher of fabhojion operaftona, in $όπΐο i? teifoPn!ofloos¾ the dteptoaol e!s 1028- may be farmed fey on Imprint ti&ography operation. In some of theae
inipiomaoliio s, n imprint l!tb¾raph opafpio ma fee aArm d oelog a ro!!-lo-mll ieohmsye, which may allow tor fabriaslosi of <h» m 110 m olume. The sybitf te 110 m y imphnfaif m tm& a stan a!oo dfaeona oaokpiaao or m y fee attached or laminated te a«@lH^r io frof® wag: a ayftaa!e adhosko or frama (mi shown) to t ti tha difoeioo l aolipisno,. in soma of ro laftanexarrsp!es, the sybstrato: 110 m y pompfist a film thai imponfpif with !ho ir«ti»aJ »is i ξ & and mm af!lKod to another aahstxate (spoil m* ® <* ¾ rigid: ayb raft).
(8013 in soma tmpiamoritatlppi, the dlrM nal ptof§ 102 ^ may pa formed an additive or aupfmetYa phofoiff hdgfaphy opofaloa. In «ie of f a termer
impiapiiOfilpna:i the gfi!top 14 may ha formed by p s og C rfh botofeseL tor xample), exposure development and efehimjof axposed raoJens ef the sybstfate 110 c dap&srte of materal OR exposed regio s of the syfeatr te 110 to form f ftp gratings 114 pdl 3| In srntkrn® OKempias, lha I fetoass of the grating groovea of ih dfeatlonaf ol 102¾KJ "osr* fee «ypstantia% flti mm tor ill oi oyee r^soipg In a ty antialfy pona dosipn,- The grooves of ila gaings 114 eati fee etohed In the ey strate 110 or ba made of r !oilal dapoaiad: top of the oyfoslratp l fsyeh , «-,9., apy maithsl thai can he de Slted nd «tef½d o llfi»of } losloding any dleleebies or mats!). t»14J Eaoh dtfeehoaal tight be m l02 - may havo a effraction m0 an a golar ipauac! dotarmioocl by the ait©*TO& gmtfn§$ 1i4larimlng the eoresyeoclpg dlraettoo ! hial 1 2a<-0, lo parfseylar, the directio of aaoh tllfaciona! .beam 1 6a-d m y e yatafmiiMK oy m® mM^mu aoo siia yisso p Si o toe pastern on f yng&., itm- angular s re d of sash dtngoifenaf light beam lola-d may Ip turn daiymiyad byth# grating tength ¾ of tha p iansd gratmgi 114, For ax«pfes the direction af €rt atloit&I ilgri baarri ¾§a m y ϊ&' determined fey the onaptafop and frit grating itch of pall f & gratings of ft directional p«t 102a,
P 1 SI !t ¾ ipprtd tid tfa! the s feif Pliiy $®w dessgn and fermifion of d!roeiaoal light beams 1Q§a~rj t rn Input p^mf IgM teams.11§ma ropuiro grafogs haying s-$sifess'nti& arnaila ptfaj l ap ffaattosal diffraction prttsga, Fore^aw ^ tfad!tfea! dffraolp! gratlnga m y pca!taf light u on ll initDp will ligpt Peams thai w propagating moafanfelty aorost the piaw of th¾ grating, Hera, ha graf g I mb raofiooal≠ l t*4 may fea sypsiaotraity m -m plana s tfia lnpyt planar light be s 11.8 when g«n«¾tSn§ th® * ¾fe t ight baan 10$IKL Jfm planar dasigp m y ¾ l« itumiyatfey with a com are !ntegr t ef light source*
P?1 ij The dsreallonsl !gbl bmm 08«κί tmy fee recisely onf roiled fey
Figure imgf000007_0001
gr fcg width W, a tmm Mrnmfmn Θ, and a imitrso' pllyfvA. In arioyiar, f grating tengt: t of a gi ing may eooW tte an§ ular apreac! ) of the oorrasp-ondliig a»diooal ligh be m along the input light propagation axis am! the grating width Wm$ control the angular s p^ad ΔΘ of th mm®pm !fhi fea in ®mm the i p light pop gaton xis, as follows:
Figure imgf000007_0002
where A Is the wavffength of th© directional light b am. The g vO: orfenfa!ioo, speetf¼d by the stir^ orientation angleI, m the grating pito o perod, apeeled fey A, may■o trol %w direction of the cff region l light %mm
P01?J Th grating -length 1 rK fh grating width Wt t ty i® mm In th ranga of ϊ to 200 Mm< In soma a aai las, fh# grating longth i. and tha g im® ^h-Wm k» -equal, in one «xam l the griiliig lengh I and the gating width Wmy m i¾i tt¾ni % 10 yr which ma povide, i m ® impimmmlm^ m $m $ m i of t e light tarn fat s oteylar In s e, mM tepm 100.'different v!i i¾ lrtetfcni apro f th 'field of 'view of We It * In a t^r xam le, L may ha
s hsianitafi um m W may ba substantially 3um, which may, m soma
Impfpmarttalons, pro Ma draoilonal ligh beams that, am mmm across ooa xis ut opsat tt aaros hs other axis, Spasifso di a asaoa ay d p atl o t a w&wateOQl! of Ilia light tmm® laaact in sdilo , Ilia groova oriaataloo aaja # and t e an o plteb A ay feo sat to satsf <Mi¾d dlropto of tha d»p|poai light beam, wth, for oxam fe; h proa^t rtotaian angfe 8 m tha (M of -40 to 0 oOg s and tha sing itob Λ pn the order of M-7Q¾ nm,
(8010| In various mpimmt m, tha printed 20 reproseafafen 1 y4 of tut 30 Imag 06 rrss mpdofai the dlraqtksrsai tight bo ms 1D8a~d in various
Impfemaetaip a, th printed S ropraifyfitlon 104 may fyaofl si a® phyfior to tyai f or eh¾:P i the or!ghteass, solar, or ot er p p®tty. of 'the■ irector light bsaras 108 «4 or bain, Thi fmmaf 2P r pr§santat§oa m a y ba a wr$ $it# Ima com rsing differe t vla tng dlraotferm la vanous Imsiomariatioas, ft may ba cfeslrah!a to-form tha
wm osit Image a rasa!utsors sych h i Ila Imago for aaoh pahlpylarviawlfa dtraeiloa l printed ovara ppfmppondl g sal of .gratings, as ihownJn t m&
irrplomastpionis t y offeal sa ohta for farnipg tha SP iamgo 106 ma ba «§0 In mm examples an ffeii for aaph lma§i may bp. it pm} or 1400 dpi, la som§ of tbita examples, a 84-v*e M d 20 repre entation 1 4 may co es ond to m image resolution of 288 m< pilij An ® t≠® ImplapioPtailoa is shown In Β§ΡΓΟ 2 in which apparatus 200 Ipe! ding 2D fepfesaofaiioa ¾4 ofa SD image la fcftmd over a directional hackplapt 212 to modyilt a plurality of 'eternal light tot aais to gan ra!© Ilia 3D Image ^.m^ at^ light baamt l¾ ® t %2Q. m fp ® lapy! pl ar light beams to the dfro lpoal ibaekpfeaa 212. b¾S la ipnp Im iomanta ns, muit$pl» colors may be achie ed by pflp In yt plsp r lig t rns ng d prtpl poiars torn dlfferiat ^ir o! i into !h§ ¾ΐρ#ρ|ΐορίΙ oaokplano it In various onas of thaa© im fe:mar¾tal ois. separate graings of fh
Figure imgf000009_0001
m wm&m tmf mm m ^ote* o nhMm of l * in soma of iio Mm im l rnoPialioP , binary mm may fee diharaci for oraafiagi diffararst shadas>
(8021 J Ri f § again ¾ Figprai 1 A a d 1 B} In ^a«ut rmpts, the prinfad 20 ro FOaan!afto 104 may be f rmad m a te 18, woioo may e arangad r the alraotlonat 102a«& The f&n 118 may oomprfea any■ auft ola raafa ai syari m, for mmmpl > a poiymartc photonic Him, la vaio s axampfas, iht tlim Hi may aamprisa a pte jsuc as, for axampla, pof a yteoas polyathyfafia farapwhalata, p !ya#yterta aaph!ia!ala, pafyimlda, palypro yiaras polyaalar, nte , polyvinyl honda, afo, In vadoaa as m !oa, ¾a ffim!IB may b* ntiist^ or i m $'t®. Λ dlradio ai feaolip!ana 112 using any salla la Aaatva or a fr&rna (o f s own) sou ing ana or niof «d§« of triaim 118 wlh the d!rto!topal tekplant 112>
P0IJ In varioys axarrsptea, tha p m 2D ropfo anfaiion 104 of Ida 3D imaga 100 may P fcmiad sspg a pdatlng opofafton. in soma axarnpias, Ife pdntiag a$mm$m may aom rita ao ih^st printing, seraaa rinting* or omar$yia t§ printing oparatt m in some aK m !aa, the pratad 20 riprasantato 104 ay to® fermed y»§ a rolHcBolf ypafailom In so a imp!amaotations, !ha Mm 118 or 'the dlraolo«a! ha fs? fi& 12, or feoih, may inefycta rafsatration marks to faoSitata .alignment .of the -pjiraed 20
fapraaaatafian 104 to ft¾a diraoflanal pkali 1' a~d, pd23| !ό srntkrn® Impi tmfiMmm, 20 rapras nfate of a 30 toa§a may fee pnoted 4\m$y onto a sp i!rata i¾a¥ins the dlractionai p , wmp $ m Rfyra 3, a iustratad, iha a paratus 30 indodas a diraattaat feaekpiana ^m nsing: a sypsfrate 310 having ; a plurality of dlraotfpnai pixaia 302 « a 2D r F sa ta&o 304 of if® 3D imago is pdritod difaaiy onto tie s feif rae 310, rather tian porting fe 2D rapfaaaotafcn oaf a aoatfiar t and tnan ffi ing tha flm to tha a bafraf© 310, In
POPS οη ¾ Of miaa imps mana an^, tn ippatrif 41* osvag tfa ir asonii $mw 302a-d cau!l ba nodypad In volyma, aafai re| a-al m rlntlo , far aKim o, Bind ihai a pnntar may he umd t&t for panting t a 20 fa resaotation 304 of t e 30 niap mto
a tii sobftfals $1& In other nofvltetmtad a¾arap!ast gralngs of qr £tlori i pkels of a dlrpoioaaf sck ana ma ba omitted as n«ao¾i for fowaing a 30 im L i Aaothar ax m ta s lusir tad m t tm 4 m wHfeh m mpt tm 400 may inc!yda a film 418 having a rioiad 2D rapfosen lon 404 of a 3D Image dispo sd over a pyraiiy ©f dwetiopal pfwl® 402a -d of § irseitofi l feiek lapa 412 to modulate
piyralt of irectional ¾bt aama te gawai© fie .'3D Image, Rather %m facing away from t e dir tlonai 4C2a~dt rsowes^ m m mm® other exam les ^oi eo mm , tha≠ $ m pr i km IM ma l co to ard iomi pim Q2a
p¾¾ Y %m$\ txampfa of an ap aatus including a ply rally of directoial tis with a prirt 2D m resea fen of a i maga is- llyst t n igura 5, As 8k*siral«df m npp im S O may - include a film SI 8 having, a 2D iapiasaoiation §04 of a 3D Image, Tfa 2D repraaentatloft SQ4 m y disposed mm a directional h okpfan 512 iocfydlng a substrate: 510 having dtraeftooai pirate §02a~d. Tha diraetlona
teackpfana #12 aa f rtlar ricirt ®m® t sobsfrata 122, in yad aa a¾amp1a$5 tha
Figure imgf000010_0001
522 m «n iylabl adhesive or a f aaie (pot star!) e yplag one or apra tdgas of t sybstrate §10 th tha substrate §22. In various Implamoat tlons, tie sybstrafe S22 may r oaiva tha input plai¾ar !lsht a ms ilS from ¾bt o foe. Olii Although various examples illustrated latlp depict a foyr-hy-fo t
aa«iOff¾ent of dimpfon i ixels, it t appreciate - fli!sarr¾f emaiii is for iflpstratoo pyrpotat o ly, A ^ftetiariaj i&eHpiene fti gaoordaopt with yih ya axamplas may ba d si§« d wit* m n drectoi l plmte highar than ίΰΰ% e ending: m ow ft dracfooa! feaokpteae Is aaad (e^'in a 30 display acra a. in a 3D walak in a mobile d ca, te,}, ii Is m appraciaied that tha directional pixels m y hava my ■ hmp®* including for sim le, a dis * an lpmf a o!^ , or other g metric l shi , Ci2?l In addition, !fhoyg val at t5¾ mpl#s- IWs¾¾t ^ herain dapiof the pratifigs of tti© dlfeatfoail pixsls as aeog: recessed ote a s bstete, ohaf coafi€y¾fe s may a oashia. Figura S daiorl ai anott r axaiiipia apparafys iO in whiah a
Figure imgf000011_0001
pbmh 0Q3st 4 that are raised In re tion is ipg ramslnin iyriaea of ih® h$$mW 610, la ViPPPi m ¼m¾P!attent iia dlfPotpnil p¾a!s ^ nay i» farmid py tiding, d#«oa at»pif¾ or anaiw tulli&te operation, A printed 2D representation 60 of a 3D imaf e, or a 81m 618 Ipdudini Ida pmt i 2 f p«i«nipto #02 as stem wa os formed cilraeif on tie r ed
dir ctional ixels §02a-d. la various m lem ntati s, as hown In Fgpm S , ttie d!raoilona! paokpano S12 m y Ipptydp a spacer laya r 624 op te directional pixels 8Q2a-d ¥pr en pr t d 20 fi re ipfalea of a 3D Im ga may fea formad, ϋ Figure 7 lly irates ye! anot her ex m le e parafya 70 In wnoh a 20 fa reaapt iiyn 704 of a 30 mage is printed onto fhP ralaad dl aiori l p¼als of a difaailpnal teokplaae 712. in still fyrfw o n-I!yefcraM m$mpm, grai!ngi of dfrepilona! pi¾efs of drpcttoa! feaokplane may 'bet,- omitted as needed for formlnp a 30 taag ,
£§§ §J In various Im lem nt tions, a olrecilop t feaefcpiane may pom ilae a plurality of a veguide arrays. As Illustrated in Flgyt 8, an a paratpB 8 0 may fpo!yde a avapida arr y teviag a sat of a agyldt 82¾H3, aa i wava§yide la lyolng a sy set of dlrepltopal≠mt® S 2 of a plyrally of dreotlsnai pixals. Toe dlreetional pfcts 802 may scatter «®if!raafe^ Input pfaaar light dearn i iiafp a plurality of direotlooal: ll rd beams, wdled may da modylafed by primed 20 representation { e leted ey Ida various shaded pixels §02) of Ida 30 Image to generate trie SO Image, in varley impfemertta!iona, th aeguides 826a-d may comp se a dielectric or polymer material, or another suitable material,
£80303 Ida various a aratuses deseribad herein may ee stand-alone devices or may pa incorporated Into vanpys types of s; ems syad as system -900 lilystrated m f¾¾im in various Impleffiantatlpas, system■¾øø' may fee system suah as< bat not Jlmied to, labels, §¾ΟΡ, desktop sompoters, notebook computers, handria!d computers, tablet apmpiitars naitKKik aampylars. sonvartidla i pyters dissfav dayioe ser afs set-top teas, dlgsiai nscoplas, game conaalea, smart ho aa, persona i digital ssist nts, m i ph nes, digital medi players... televisions, o? dg al p mer S In soma
19 OK ai las, ta systiffi;
Figure imgf000012_0001
niodioa! ra eas, ro i cf |pio :i poduct § ¾rap tel imagt , mong pyrriafays atfaf @x$#?pl$& fTOIJ A i ilattd, sy$t$m §00 may Ine!ydo m apparatus S01 nd p|yr % of light soyrcas 928, T e apparatus §01 may include a diracttaat feaokpiat 912 nd a r!riiid 20 m rasen!af^n 904 el a 30 lma§a, Tha dlrisiipri l backplane 912 niay IncludP a iyfiitty of gralsigs coy ralnij iispstenfel paraHaf roova pafpm©¾i ta $ %w input mm If hi b&&m nfo plurality of directional If hi haaras to generate me 3D image. i03ll The ply r l of light sour oas §2S may in u e, lor s m le, om. ar mor lasers, m® mom mwm^ ^Mi ll§ht sounsas with a spaclral fcarsd kff* of approximately 30 tm-w l ss, ayah as Llfht Emitting Dodes ' UEDs¾ lasers, nd so on* The n ut p!aaar light tea ms.fam!! ply rally of light sources 326 may pfopapia in Siifcaf ni ll t a s : laaa as tha dfraoional back lane i1 Tn %at soorees §2@ may Inolyd a smgia-color light mu } multiple snflo- o!or ¾h aoora¾af #∞ aato ¾tit toproea raf LED, gtmn ISDS nil Mm- LED), or thr e color LED strips, oaob oopfainlP an array of color IE Da ( g.. a alrip of rod LEDa5 a strip of graaft UEOs, sod s, slip of blue LI s), f«3J The plurality of llglit: a afoaa S2B -may t arranged n ifew
copfi mii ns m mp to th* dli tda l p ek laM 912 to mm Mmift0m of oat light eolor ie.g , red) km another light: color folyel in some te taiwt tions, Ilia ta&ty o tght sayroes i2S may tea 'use wfta iaoa caai orant |e , oyiadriPil m.m m≠wm m^rnrn m*wm ®% wllt a cylindrical laps, a rnfcreSens, -,)t® oiifi nd focus the Inpyf innae l¾rt e iiis nto flio d:irsc¾IO:?al te&kpt , ! ha ptyr i of isglit foyrce 926 ma also o ysod with l§hf baftla w abaorfotr to im ove eSd ncf an«l fcrbor foaas to© npyt planar light b® tm Into the olroefe f ha k lano: 912. Fig e 10 riesariba a axampte tim 1000 Woolag a ¾Wsoom 102 m$. m mpm n t$ m m$ ttio Inpot planar ¾ht bmm& lois rat a dlf atloin f backplaoe 1012 including cilraclonal ix ls 1002¾-d to scatter the Input planar ¾ht eatm 1016, A film 1011 InofoAg printed SO ro resentat n 100 of a 3D Image may modulate the si^terad planar light beams to genarate the 3D Image,
|TO4| Plow diagrams o^swlolag: f m^ met ds for making an pparatya ta
Figure imgf000013_0001
i¾ura$ 11-13. Willi fl® flaw ii§fimt l!usifaia writtj* o arstsons li a ftlaylar arder tro drawnga r no! lotandod to lroit lia present dlsalosyre to any parfeyiar ©de, Mtf loyall , ilia r wings ana no! lat -ntied to Imply that al operations ara required lor all laip!a p!a!pni:,:
|S03§J Turning now to f¾ure 1 is a method 1100 far tm appar&tus-io- $$n$rai$ a 30 image may fei n or p ®%& to ¾ock 102 royiclng a plurality of dlreo!iooa! pl¾ala> In v raus Im lem ntatons, fw dlred!oaal ixels may eaob com ise a pafiamacf grating mn§ sofesiantfally parallel and slaetacl grooves Is saaiar an i put planar light e m Into a plurality of diraalpnal light boa m . In ai us Implenwniatlons, tt piaraTfty of direoikmaf may form, at mm in art, a racttePal baokpian In vstoys i lemaatatiooi, t e plurality of dlreotiooal pixels ma e irapas pd or rals a" §i sp§a disposed OP a spoatfate. In mm® m^m $ m the audit may aom nsa sico rofrio¾ gl ss, quark, plastic : or indium tin oxide.: I soaia tmpianieaiat ton , flip apostate may oomprisa a flm thai may ha disposed on another -substrate-, and the film, ifa o ayfestrate< or ho , may faoalve an Input planar light %m . la various
I ple aotaion , tha diraallanai pixels may bo forniad y&inp. an smponf lithography operation or a photolithography operato, For at ast soma of the former
irfs !am Mation-s, the dlrenfloaai ixel may be -formed using a roMa~rol imprinting operation. asej The method 11 0 ma proooed io pfc-ek 1104 fey forming a phntod 20 reprsaaotailon of tha 30 image mm the plurality of dlr etioo l ptels la modul te the plurality of dirtctona! IgM oaaaia to g aarala ttia 30 m ge, la various
Im limaitaloh , t pfintad 20 ra iiiati n ofthe 30 \ may ho dl§ o§¾i n a fJrr Tha \m ma -comprise any aulab!a material ayah as, far example, a polymeric photooio film, In various examples, tha film may comprise a plastic suc as, for exam le, pc & ¾rag, polyethylene tera aht aiafe, polyethylene :n pht a!s:i ©lym¾«s ®t r i#i pelymt&f polyvinyl chtesr!d$f otev in $ m im$ *®M %m
Figure imgf000014_0001
x ΦηοβΜΙ η , 3?| ms np method 1209 tor tmM m m t to geneate « 3D image s |y$M in Fjgum 12. The method 1£0G may begin or prppeest te block 1202 by forming a plynsilty of tir clooot gM$< The plurality of dtractooa pn fi nw be formed mln$, any syltaole oparaloo su- h as, tor ex&mpte, imp ni ¾cf raphy ©r p otoliiogpsp y, am ng of eti- Fpf! a!i !i sorp ! tti® ^iiiw im tefnerttrttos* t!ie d!rootiopat plxais tm fwmM uelng roli-to-roi! impf tring pp ration, J plyrality of dlf^ei nul pixels m b®-t sm®$ into syos&at© or aised j« relation to a §.yf windi g iod¾eo afth Nitite, in various implf me l n , t tetrat may compost -slt&ort gl ss, o,«a?f_, piasSc, or indium HP o td , n ome fmpiemowetions, the iypstrati rmf com rse- a film on wU the dlr^eta f plxite mf 0» f r?©& The printod m ma arranged op enethef sypsirato.. In some: of fiost.
im iampptaion$:i the rim may be peopled to the pt or syt¾ iatp, in various
Im lo ppti onSj tiie plurality Of dtroPtiooa! ixels f?say tem, at ioast In ppft, a direofeopal feao&pf&ne 03ij The metho i2do tmy m $ to .olocfc 2S4 d rning: 20
representation f t %® image ever the plurality of dlfeetiopat ixes to -'modulate the ptimli of dlroetlenal light feoarno to g n rate t e 3D Imago, in various
Implementations, the ri ting may h® perfomed yssng any suitable printing operation, in s ma: ;exa :j! % ttm pnofci op ea m y comprise ao InkJet: printing:, screen prying,, or other s llable - printing operation. In mtm examples, the printed 20 reprosantattop may fee formed usng a roti o~roll opontiop, f§¾i§J The method 1 80 may proceed to block 1 ¾ dy arranging i pl ality Of lig t oopfoei IP generat® ttieiopyt ptear light : ea^:t woten tha dlmotopai ¾@te ay scati f imp a plurality of dteteal \\ ί immm m § m l ¾ 30 m$ >
| δ δ Another oxa mpte method 300. for making ar¾' ap anty e to geneate a 30 imago Is llyttrat d in lguro 13, The m t od 1300 may begiri-w proofed to loek 1302 fey f rming a pk fy of lm ®m isA which ma l»m &mfm $ to itw- .opeate ^ etod oy feoek 1202 of Fl§«r© 12. & 1J Tm method 300 may m ia hioek 1304 fey rinting a 2
fapfaseototfefj of t 3D irwgo onto a ra The flnri ma comprise n su!aple material w is:5 for « te, a fymiffe pheianie flm.. I viftous i^im ias, Ht l!m may
Figure imgf000015_0001
p0f t¾toi@ a haate, polyimtde* p< pmp tei¾#, pol m , n lon* poy in l ohtorlclo,
Figure imgf000015_0002
printing, or other suitaPla printing :c 8iato Jn.som« i^m les, toe rtrtfed 20 fep int fi o may foe tsriwd mng a. roiNo-ro!f operation,
Th® met od 1300 m y roceed to tjfdcfc 1306 fey ranging t e film m m tamti dirsetteal pi&a!s. In various sam es, the Mm may be coupled to a mb ^ a ing; th¾ urality of Em tion l m > u$»n$ any suifehto adhesive- or a frame mu one or mo ed es of tho film to tho syfestrato. In torno Imptemontolon^ to printed film ertht ayfeatrato fmln the dfreoifep ! pimfa* or bot , may
rogis aitop marks to fsolt te aii§nm nt with c t r.
P§ 31 The method 1300 tmy praeoed to bKk 1308 fey arranging a piyra!l!y of fight ourc s to §™af the input planar light iSfts, which th dir cion l kok may §£8tt#f ihto plyfilltv f olf^ion i tifcft ntt 16 posoh P 30 Irnaop 0 i Various aspects of the llo str five omho lrwnts m dm l d herein mm tems commonl employecf hy thesa skilled in toe art to convey too s bstanoe of their work to mms e»d 'in the art.. It will fee ap rent to triose skilled so tho art tha, iiiarr to om Wlai r?fa may ha t ie® t!h only ao:ma ©f tre das hpo ' as ects. For urp ses of β ρί®π¾Ιοπ:ί spt iy numbers, !iwfirlafe a d eoiJ§yfatto mm set for/1 h m rder to ¾ ^ s thorough odtf atsndlag of t e ii|yitr¾iv ^mfeodlm^nfe,. it w¾i feo appa roa! io one silled tha art t llamal erntsorlimeyt may praallae¾l ithoyt
Figure imgf000015_0003
order not to obsoure trio illustrative emeodimento. j 0 if
Figure imgf000016_0001
It wi be apprad iKf by ttesa of ordlnaiy skit m the art that a. wide verit of alternate artfcr ^uivafeft «te m#ntf .or ir ptotnlatioif oafcyWt d to «hl«¥t tt tirat
Figure imgf000016_0002
s pf scfets that stibadt!¾6fits n s . ba i plan^spfa In § ide sif y of ways., 1 bis application Is intended: to mr n dapalpi or variations of the amfeodlmanii disoys $ d b§ n:. It is epi¾ Inttfidid. tho¾f i¾ thi! rr¾ driM !s¾# li ited on b the claims and the «¾« ιΙ« $ thereof.

Claims

c !alm
W at Is datrrted s:
1 , An. apparatus for g n raisg a 30 Im ge, oDmpr r¾g;
a s ifste ndydjpg a plum%of gf iri§s oom lsirig a bs! fi e!i pamll ! grwas slipiid ip spatter m In i p¾rmr %ht biap Ipip a pfyr lify of dtfaetlppaf ¾ t bmm$i and
a printed 20 ffiipatai i: p! thp 3D top ovar tap pfyra!ty af gi tlpp to modpiap tia lyrat¾? of dims ral 'tight -beams to genatt iba SO Imagp,
2. : Th® apparatys of c m , !¾ar¾ly th printed 20 ftpna iiiatoa apre rii s a film inducting i ® nted 2D mpt ^mi anged ov t e substrat fridycfing the luralit of pf fsngS Ifm apparif s of claim 1 , rpin the substrat c m rises a Mm anrf wttf art ttia appar tu iirtfiar i r!sas .awf^r «i¾stmt# to f m tfa ippot p\mw light ©aanis wbpfpt tup f m $ alspe^ad or» the otter- substrata.
4, Tha p aratus o e!a!m i:! wppraln aaefe dlracitonai light a m fias a $reotio>fi and angylarspraad © ntiPlied fey daractabsttes of a tme&wl≠mi of fh# ¾f l% of §ntngs>
S T e a p ratus ataiffi -4 liPran: tiP di meter ist!ca of a fritlpg of tha plurality f gr flrtgs com rises a gr yin length, a grating ¾vt ¾ a grating oianfatlon, a gr tingpitch, and a dut o¾¾@. I.. The pp r tys of claim ¾ rierain the grating prlts and the gratlog orlaotatlori of gTit g of t e plyrafi of graft f¾$ control fhp dira o of a dirgpfio af light beam iciffetd b gf flng, .m$ m m Wm grating itngth m tb M d!t of a grating ø!' fra plurality 'of gmtlifs control ita anptiar spread of draotaat light beam ietml s¾< Hss OJiOC*RK¾¾3 pt&
7. TfiiO ap riiy s of ®Mm t s wnarein th m b&trafe iady-doi a spao r .la er on the pyi
Figure imgf000018_0001
$p layer . A syst b for ^fiaraijng a 3D m ga, oompiisifto
Figure imgf000018_0002
ayb t oilaly partial ovis pafiaroo to soaiar an Ippyf planar light te m W a p!yra!fy of a primed 20 f ^ms nf oo of t 3D im§g$ ovar m plurality of gratings to rnp uiate ihe plurality of dtraolona! light beams to -generate the 3D imaga.
The system of elate: 0, wherein the dsroefena! oackp!ori con r is s a s ubstrale nd iraiflm Isiid ding ttw plurality af gratings arrang d on !ht syhatrata, and «ln fh« ppritod 20 rapr saataflop aomorisea seoond film inofealrig tb primed 2D rapratopfalfeo arranged ovar the. if si fil ::.
10, Tho system of .ef aim Lorain tee ^Irocttooa! fea lafti com rs a plurality of wpyei lOo ar ys, aaofs w.¥a®ukS# array lnd«di g a s t of w ¥Ogyfde¾f o a
vagylcfe inolyding a so sa! of gra!lngs of 'the plurality of grati gs,
I I , The system of claim f wnemin the plurality of light ouces compises plurality of oarrow-baodwidfb lig t soyrceo or a pluralit of lasers. I t, The ystem of t$mm t< fbf f com rising a lu ity of m mmmm ®m$imtmm. the p¼*rsl of tight swell m the dlmslorsi b&ok tee,
13, A method for m king an apparatus to g «¾®rafe 3D im&g^ mmpm g
pfovf ifig e ptaf% of graf ngs compisi g eytmtaniai parallel groo es a½©med to scatter an input p!enar lig t team into pkira!fty of direotiortai light beams; and
forming a printed 20 fepr $¾lisi¾ of t e 3D lm¾ge ef the pyft% f grefefs to mod iate the p«r¾i ; of directional fight beams to generate t e 3D Image,
14, The method of claim 1& wherein !ht r viding oom fets forming lt p|yra of gmtings h iich¾g,^© osi ¾9s or Imprinting the plurality of § ratings n aflm,
18, The method of eiai 14, «!ierairt the flm oompnees silicon lttM®, l g«ar¾t plastic, of ndium tin oxide,
1 i. The ni@»d of daJm 14, wherei the flm mmpHsses plastic, uni wherein the f n»p foe plurality of gratings emensas mWcMroll lmpnntio| ti οηΙ of gmtings
VI. The meth d of df&m 13, te¾i the f rniirig the printed. ¾ mpmsentaloo of the 0 imag comprises printing a 2D re resenttion of Iha D Image onto the plurality of
1 β. The method of tMm , wherein the f rming the rnted 2D representation of the 3D Imag compris s arranging the printed 20 pm nMk of the 30 Image onto the plurality of fratlng
19. The method of claim- IS, further com rising inting a 2D representation of the 3D image onto- : ilm to form the printed 20 r r sentation,. tcX †h@ method of clasm 1$, fyrfw som blrig wanging ta¾% f ¾ft wm& to g rwt!e iw inp t plaftir tight tarn.
PCT/US2013/034489 2013-03-28 2013-03-28 Gratings with a printed 2d representation of a 3d image WO2014158176A1 (en)

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