WO2014156979A1 - Sintered machine part and process for producing same - Google Patents
Sintered machine part and process for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156979A1 WO2014156979A1 PCT/JP2014/057816 JP2014057816W WO2014156979A1 WO 2014156979 A1 WO2014156979 A1 WO 2014156979A1 JP 2014057816 W JP2014057816 W JP 2014057816W WO 2014156979 A1 WO2014156979 A1 WO 2014156979A1
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- pin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered machine part having a pin projecting from one surface of a main body and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a sintered machine part in which breakage due to a load acting on the pin is suppressed and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Powder metallurgy is a technology for manufacturing metal products by solidifying powder powders made of metal powders into a predetermined shape and dimensions and heating them at a temperature that does not melt them, thereby bonding powder particles firmly. Therefore, it is being applied to automobile machine parts and various industrial machine parts because it can be shaped into a near net shape and is suitable for mass production.
- Sintered parts by the powder metallurgy method generally have a drawback in that the strength between the powder particles when the raw material powder is compression-molded remains as pores after sintering, so that the strength is lower than that of the melted material. For this reason, when a mechanical part having a pin protruding from the body is manufactured by the powder metallurgy method, when a high load acts on the pin and stress concentrates on the root of the pin, the pin is rooted due to its low strength. Break from.
- a gear change cam part constituting a transmission mechanism of a motorcycle is a machine part 1 as shown in FIG. 1, and has six pins 2 projecting from one surface of a substantially hexagonal main body 3. The six pins 2 receive a high load at the time of gear change.
- the pin 2 made of molten steel is press-fitted into the main body 3 made of a sintered body.
- the machine part 1 is configured. That is, the mechanical component 1 as shown in FIG. 1 includes a step of forming each pin 2 from molten steel, a step of forming a main body 3 made of a sintered body, and a step of press-fitting the pin 2 into the hole 4 of the main body 3. And manufactured by.
- the density ratio of the entire pins can be increased to the same level as that of the molten steel, so that breakage from the root of the pin portion is prevented.
- a method requires equipment for heating a sintered body to be a forging material and equipment for heating a mold, and requires heating costs for the sintered body and the mold.
- the mold used for hot forging is expensive and has a short life, which increases the manufacturing cost accordingly.
- the entire mechanical component including the pin is composed of a sintered body, and a sintered mechanical component in which breakage of the pin is suppressed is obtained. It is desired.
- a manufacturing method that can obtain such a sintered machine component at a low cost without heating the sintered body and the mold is desired.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, have a pin protruding from the main body, and have a sintered machine part in which the breakage of the pin is suppressed while being entirely composed of a sintered body, and such a sintered machine It is to realize a manufacturing method capable of providing parts at low cost without using expensive equipment.
- the present inventors have examined, in a mechanical component in which the pin protrudes from the main body and a high load acts on the pin, even if the entire pin is not formed at a high density, It has been found that breakage of the pin can be suppressed if the density is increased by locally densifying only a specific part of the pin.
- a sintered machine component is composed of a sintered alloy and has a main body having a working surface and a pin formed integrally with the main body and protruding from the working surface.
- the pin has an axial shape that expands at the base so that the side surface of the pin smoothly curves near the base and continues to the working surface of the main body, and constitutes the sintered machine part
- the sintered alloy has a metallographic structure having a matrix having a density ratio of 80 to 96% and a densified layer having a density ratio of 96% or more and a higher density ratio than the matrix, and the densified layer includes:
- the gist is that the pin is provided on the side surface of the pin so that the depth is 0.3 mm or more at the maximum stress position where the stress generated from the bending load applied to the pin is maximum.
- the pin protrudes perpendicularly from the working surface and is positioned between the pin main portion and the pin main portion and the main body so that the side surface of the pin main portion and the working surface are continuous.
- a flare base having a concavely curved side surface, wherein the stress maximum position is on the side surface of the flare base, and the region where the densified layer is formed is at least one of the side surfaces of the flare base.
- the entire portion excluding the densified layer is composed of the matrix, and the density ratio of the outermost surface of the densified layer is preferably 97% or more, and the flare base is curved on the side surface in the axial cross section of the pin.
- the flare base may be configured to have a shape of an arc rotator or an elliptic arc rotator whose side faces indicate an arc or an elliptic arc in the axial section of the pin, or the flare base may be in the axial section of the pin.
- the side surface may partially include a truncated cone portion having a straight line, and the side surface of the flare base portion may be configured to exhibit a curve partially including the linear portion in the axial cross section of the pin.
- the angle between the straight line indicated by the side surface of the truncated cone part and the axial direction of the pin in the axial cross section of the pin is preferably 45 ° or less.
- the main body has a substantially flat plate shape with the working surface being flat and has a back surface formed with a recess at a position corresponding to the pin on the opposite side of the working surface, a uniform sintered body is obtained. It is effective for formation, and the depth of the recess is preferably 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
- a method for manufacturing a sintered machine component comprising: a main body having a working surface; and a pin that is integrally formed with the main body at a base and protrudes from the working surface.
- surplus thickness is added to a region including the maximum stress position where the stress generated from the bending load applied to the pin is highest, and the side surface of the pin bulges from the net shape
- a sintered body composed of a sintered alloy having a density ratio of 80 to 96% is prepared, and the excess thickness of the sintered body is recompressed in the cold and formed into the net shape. Density ratio is 96% or more at high density ratio
- Densified layer, the depth in the stress maximum position is summarized in that with the formation on the side surface of the pin
- the re-compression of the surplus is preferably performed at a pressure of 50 to 1200 MPa.
- the main body has a substantially flat plate shape with the working surface being flat, and the sintered body has a back surface formed with a recess at a position corresponding to the pin on the opposite side of the working surface. It is advantageous for uniform molding.
- the depth of the recess is preferably 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
- the entire mechanical component including the pin is made of a sintered material, and only a portion where stress is concentrated is made dense. It is possible to suppress breakage of the pins and to supply machine parts at low cost.
- the surplus is densified by plastic working that is recompressed in the cold, so there is no need for equipment for heating the sintered body and the mold, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. it can.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the conventional sintering machine component used as a gear change component in the transmission mechanism of a motorcycle, and (a) is a top view of the sintering machine component in which the plane from which the pin protrudes is arranged on the upper side. , (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1 (a), and (c) is a perspective view.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the conventional sintering machine component used as a gear change component in the transmission mechanism of a motorcycle, and (a) is a top view of the sintering machine component in which the plane from which the pin protrudes is arranged
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A
- FIG. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the side surface of the flare base of the pin in the sintered machine part of FIG. 2 shows an arc in the axial cross section
- (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams in which the portion C of FIG. 2 (b) is enlarged.
- FIG. 3C is a graph of stress distribution showing the relationship between the distance x from the main body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x, corresponding to FIG. 3B.
- FIG. 2 shows another example in which the side surface of the flare base portion of the pin in the sintered machine part of FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows an arc in the axial cross section
- FIG. 4C is a stress distribution graph showing the relationship between the distance x from the main body on the pin side surface and the stress ⁇ x in correspondence with FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the side surface of the flare base of the pin in the sintered machine part of FIG. 2 shows an elliptical arc in the axial cross section
- FIG. 5C is a stress distribution graph showing the relationship between the distance x from the body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x in correspondence with FIG.
- FIG. 5C is a stress distribution graph showing the relationship between the distance x from the body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x in correspondence with FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows another example in which the side surface of the flare base of the pin in the sintered machine part of FIG. 2 shows an elliptical arc in the axial cross section, and (a) and (b) are enlarged views of part C of FIG.
- FIG. 6C is a graph of stress distribution showing the relationship between the distance x from the main body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x in correspondence with FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows still another example in which the side surface of the flare base portion of the pin in the sintered machine part shown in FIG. 2 shows an elliptical arc in the axial section, and (a) and (b) show an enlarged portion C in FIG. 2 (b).
- FIG. 8C is a stress distribution graph showing the relationship between the distance x from the main body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x in correspondence with FIG. 7 (b).
- 2 shows an example in which the side surface of the flare base portion of the pin in the sintered machine part of FIG. 2 shows a curve including a straight line in part in the axial cross section
- FIG. 8C is a stress distribution graph showing the relationship between the distance x from the body on the side surface of the pin and the stress ⁇ x, corresponding to FIG. 8B.
- (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the example of a shape of a sintered compact raw material
- (b) is an enlarged view of the part D in Fig.9 (a).
- (A) is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the metal mold
- (b) is an enlarged view of the part E in Fig.10 (a).
- (A), (b) is a schematic diagram explaining the recompression state of a sintered compact raw material.
- a pin is formed in an axial shape that expands at the base, and the diameter of the columnar pin main portion having a constant diameter increases from the pin main portion side toward the main body side.
- the pin is configured to have a flare base.
- the flare base is formed in a shape that expands in a morning glory shape so that the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous.
- the stress acts in the flare base and its surrounding area (that is, including the boundary area of the main body adjacent to the flare base and the boundary area of the pin main part adjacent to the flare base). It works effectively to prevent stress concentration at the base of the pin.
- the surface of the flare base and the surrounding area is densified in a region where the stress due to the bending load is high, and a high-density layer having a high density is provided.
- the strength is higher than the strength of the sintered body determined by the shape. Thereby, it is possible to resist the progress of fracture due to tensile stress.
- the flare base is configured so as to have the densified layer as described above, the breakage at the flare base can be avoided.
- the sintered machine part of the present invention specifically has a main body with a density ratio of 80 to 96% and at least one pin protruding on the flat working surface of the main body.
- the side surface of the pin is formed so as to be smoothly curved into a concave curved surface near the base and to be continuous with the working surface of the main body.
- a highly densified layer having a density ratio of 96% or more is formed in the region where the stress due to the bending load applied to the pin is high, that is, the region including at least a part of the side surface of the flare base.
- the densified layer is formed so that the depth from the surface is at least 0.3 mm at a position where the stress due to the bending load is highest.
- the method for manufacturing a sintered machine part of the present invention includes a main body and a pin protruding from the working surface of the main body, and the pin has an axial shape with an enlarged base, and the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body
- the net shape of the sintered machine part is set as a shape that curves smoothly so that it is smoothly continuous. It is made of sintered material with a density ratio of 80 to 96%.
- a sintered body having a shape expanded from the net shape is prepared, and the excess thickness of the sintered body is recompressed in the cold and formed into a net shape.
- a highly densified layer having a high density ratio and a density ratio of 96% or more is formed.
- the root is formed into a curved surface that smoothly connects the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body, and at the same time, a densified layer is formed at the position of the surplus.
- the depth of the densified layer can be adjusted by the thickness of the surplus, and the surplus thickness of the sintered body is adjusted so that the depth of the densified layer is 0.3 mm or more at least at the position where the stress due to bending load is highest. The thickness is adjusted.
- sintered machine parts having a density ratio of 80 to 96% are used, and most of the main body and pins of the sintered machine parts of the present invention are also sintered with such a general density ratio of 80 to 96%. Composed of bond money. Then, a densified layer is provided by recompressing the surface at the flare base, and the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are formed into a smooth concave curved surface so as to continue through the flare base as described above. Accordingly, when local recompression is applied to the sintered material, the metal structure becomes a multiphase structure having a matrix composed of the original sintered material and a compressed densified layer.
- the formation of the densified layer does not produce a clear boundary between the matrix and the densified layer, which are continuous with the same sintered composition and are not discontinuous.
- the densified layer is determined as a portion where the density ratio calculated from the porosity is higher than that of the matrix and is 96% or more based on the porosity in the metal structure cross section of the sintered machine part. That is, when the density ratio in the matrix is less than 96%, the densified layer is a portion where the density ratio is 96% or more, and when the density ratio of the matrix is 96%, the density ratio range is higher than 96%. It is a densified layer.
- the densified layer is formed so that the depth from the surface is at least 0.3 mm at a position where the stress due to the bending load is highest.
- a highly densified layer having a depth of 0.3 mm or more has a remarkable improvement in durability against stress.
- the depth of the densified layer is less than 0.3 mm from the surface, or the density ratio is 96%. If it is smaller, the durability against the tensile stress on the surface of the flare base caused by the bending load is lowered. Accordingly, it is extremely preferable to form the film so that the depth is 0.3 mm or more in a band having a certain width including the position where the stress due to the bending load is maximized.
- the depth of the densified layer may be up to about 75% of the radius of the pin.
- the densified layer may be formed over the entire area of the flare base and its periphery, but at least the region including the position where the tensile stress due to the bending load is the highest among the flare base and its periphery (for example, FIGS. 3 to 8).
- the region shown as the region S) may be formed.
- the stress due to the bending load can be obtained by a calculation method generally used in material mechanics (details will be described later), and by obtaining the stress distribution on the side surface of the pin, the position where the stress is highest (hereinafter, the maximum stress position) And indicated by a symbol P in the figure).
- the stress distribution and the maximum stress position on the side surface of the pin vary depending on the shape of the flare base. As can be understood from FIGS.
- the maximum stress position has a circular shape that has a constant axial height and circulates around the side surface of the pin, and the densified layer has the maximum stress position. It is formed on the side surface of the pin in the shape of a band including it.
- the maximum stress position is located near the upper end of the flare base and very close to the pin main portion, but the stress maximum The position is always on the side of the flare base. Accordingly, the region where the densified layer is formed includes at least a part of the side surface of the flare base.
- the flare base is provided to have a certain height or more, preferably 0.1 mm or more.
- breakage of the pin can be suppressed by forming a densified layer on the neck.
- the range in which the densified layer is formed on the neck may be a range up to 0.5 mm from the boundary with the flare base.
- the densified layer may be formed in a region of the flare base that is deflected toward the main body.
- the densified layer is formed in a band shape in a region where a high stress of a predetermined level or more acts around the maximum stress position in the flare base and its surrounding region.
- the width of the band-shaped region forming the densified layer can be appropriately changed according to the durability required for the pin, and is determined based on the stress distribution obtained from the pin mechanics in terms of material mechanics. In order to particularly enhance the durability along the direction in which the bending load is applied to the pins, the width in the load direction of the band-like region forming the densified layer may be partially expanded.
- the densified layer preferably has the highest density ratio at the outermost surface.
- the method of providing a densified layer by recompression of surplus is a preferable method because such a densified layer having the highest density ratio at the outermost surface is formed.
- the densification may be performed so that the density ratio at least on the outermost surface at the maximum stress position in the flare base and its peripheral region is preferably 97% or more, more preferably 98% or more.
- the portion of the pin other than the densified layer (that is, the matrix) has a density ratio of 80 to 96%.
- the shape of the flare base is not particularly limited as long as the side surface of the pin and the action surface of the main body are smoothly continuous. That is, the side surface of the flare base has a curved shape (that is, a curved rotating body) in the axial cross section of the pin, and the straight line indicated by the pin main portion side surface and the working surface of the main body is tangent at both ends of the curve. .
- the side surface of the flare base may have a shape such as an arc rotator or an elliptic arc rotator showing a concave curve such as an arc or an elliptical arc.
- the side surface of the flare base is an arc rotation surface It becomes a morning glory-like concave curved surface such as an elliptical arc rotation surface.
- the curvature is preferably such that the radius becomes an arc of 0.1 mm or more.
- the curvature is preferably such that the radius (the height of the flare base) becomes an arc of 30% or less of the height of the pin.
- the flare base shape may be formed so as to include one or a plurality of truncated cone parts between the pin main part and the main body.
- the truncated cone has a shape in which the side surface is a straight line in the axial cross section. That is, the flare base may have a shape such that the side surface of the flare base in the axial section shows a curve partially including one or more straight portions.
- the side surface of the flare base portion is continuous with the side surface of the pin main portion and the action surface of the main body, the upper and lower end portions of the side surface of the flare base portion are configured as curves in contact with the side surface of the pin main portion and the action surface in the axial section. .
- the flare between the pin main portion and the truncated cone portion and between the truncated cone portion and the main body is smoothly continuous with a concave curved surface portion having a curved surface such as an arc in the axial cross section of the pin. It is necessary to configure the base so that stress concentration does not occur between the pin main part and the truncated cone part and between the truncated cone part and the main body. In addition, in the case of providing a plurality of truncated cone parts, it is necessary to smoothly connect with a concave curved surface part that is a curved line such as an arc in the axial section so that stress concentration does not occur between the truncated cone parts. .
- the flare base in this case has a shape in which the upper and lower sides of each of the one or more truncated cones are sandwiched between curved rotating bodies.
- the angle of the slope is preferably 45 ° or less with respect to the axial direction.
- the stress due to the bending load is high near the upper end of the flare base and the neck of the pin main part, and the maximum stress position is on the curved rotating body adjacent to the pin main part.
- the stress maximum position is located on the flare base. Therefore, the region where the densified layer is formed always includes the side surface of the flare base.
- the other parts are composed of a sintered alloy matrix of a raw material sintered body, and the density is The density of the raw material sintered body is maintained.
- a sintered machine part having a flare base in which the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body as described above are smoothly continuous and having a densified layer formed in a region where stress is increased is manufactured as follows. be able to.
- the net shape of sintered machine parts is specified.
- it has a main body having a working surface and a pin that is formed integrally with the main body at the base and protrudes from the working surface so that the side surface of the pin is smoothly curved near the base and is continuous with the working surface of the main body.
- the net shape is defined as a shape that forms a pin having an axial shape that expands at the base.
- a sintered body is prepared which is formed of a sintered alloy matrix that constitutes a large part of the sintered machine part and substantially has a shape in which a net shape is added with extra densification surplus.
- this sintered body is prepared to a density ratio of 80 to 96%, and a shape obtained by adding a surplus for forming a densified layer to the net shape of the sintered machine part is added in advance.
- the sintered body has a main body and a pin protruding from the working surface of the main body, and the pin includes a pin main portion and a flare base that expands toward the main body, and further includes a flare base.
- the peripheral side surface has a surplus corresponding to the depth of the densified layer to be formed in the range where the densified layer is formed, as compared to a curved surface in which the side surface of the pin main part and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous.
- the surplus is provided in a region including the stress maximum position where the stress due to the bending load increases, and the thickness of the surplus is determined so that the depth of the densified layer formed by subsequent recompression is at least at the stress maximum position.
- the thickness is set to be 0.3 mm or more. Since the depth and density ratio of the densified layer to be formed vary depending on the thickness of the surplus, the surplus thickness is set so that a portion where the density ratio is compressed to 96% or more has a suitable depth. It is appropriately set, and is generally about 30 to 150% of the depth of the densified layer to be provided.
- the sizing mold is a mold that constitutes a cavity of the net shape, it is suitable for recompression of excess wall.
- the sintered machine part has a metal structure in which all parts except the densified layer are formed of a sintered alloy matrix.
- the density ratio of the sintered body is 96%
- the density ratio of the portion densified by re-compression of the surplus is always higher than the density ratio of the sintered body of 96%.
- the density ratio may be less than 96% even when densified. That is, the lower the density ratio of the starting sintered body, the thicker the surplus thickness provided.
- the surplus surface becomes at least part of the surface of the densified layer, that is, the surface of the region including the flare base and its periphery. Since this surface has the highest degree of processing and is in the most dense state, the densified layer formed by recompression is extremely effective in adding tensile strength against bending loads.
- the punch When recompressing the sintered body provided with the surplus, the punch is first brought into contact with the surplus, and when the surplus is pressed and compressed by plastic deformation, the punch comes into contact with the main body of the sintered body ( (See FIG. 11). That is, the pressing area to which the punch applies pressure differs between the initial stage and the final stage of recompression. Even if the pressure per unit area by the punch is small, when the punch pressing area is small, the press load as the whole punch is concentrated on the small pressing area. Therefore, at the initial stage of re-compression where the press load is intensively applied to the surplus wall with a small area, even if the pressure per unit area is a small pressure of about 50 MPa, the plastic deformation of the surplus is sufficiently performed at room temperature. Can do. However, if the surplus area is not so small compared to the maximum pressing area of the punch, a high pressure of about 1200 MPa may be required to perform plastic deformation of the surplus.
- the pressure required for cold forging with large work deformation is 1500 to 2500 MPa, and machining the entire part at a pressure lower than this is limited to work with extremely small deformation such as dimensional correction.
- the densification in the vicinity of the flare base in the present invention is a partial recompression process, and only a surplus formed in a part of the sintered body is locally plastically processed to be a densified layer. Therefore, even if the deformation near the surplus is large, the process can be performed at a low pressure of about 50 to 1200 MPa.
- cold recompression including sizing (deformation of about 0.1 mm or less) for dimensional correction or the like is performed. It can be easily carried out at room temperature using a mold, and no conventional equipment for heating a sintered body or equipment for heating a mold is required. Moreover, it can be executed in parallel when performing cold compression such as sizing.
- the process of recompressing the above surplus at room temperature can be carried out without using a sizing mold.
- the surplus is pushed toward the inside of the sintered body by pressing a rotating or vibrating roller or the like. You may process so that it may push.
- a composition of various iron-based sintered materials for machine structural parts that can be re-compressed such as sizing is suitable.
- SMF type 1 pure iron type
- SMF type 2 iron-copper type
- SMF type 3 iron-carbon type
- SMF type 4 iron-copper-carbon type
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- SMF5 iron-nickel-copper-carbon
- SMF6 iron-carbon (copper infiltration)
- SMF7 iron-nickel
- SMF8 iron-nickel-carbon
- SMS1 Austenitic stainless steel
- SMS2 ferritic stainless steel
- 4100 iron-chromium-manganese
- 4600 iron-nickel-molybdenum of the American Iron and Steel Institute standard (AISI) Examples include iron-based alloy compositions.
- a raw material powder having the above material composition is prepared.
- the raw material powder may be in any form of a mixture of plain metal powder, a mixture of plain metal powder and alloy powder, and alloy powder, for example, iron powder, Single powder of alloying element, mixed powder mixed with graphite powder, etc., iron alloy powder alloyed with each alloying element, and simple powder of alloying element and graphite powder mixed with iron alloy powder A mixed powder or the like is used as a raw material powder.
- a green compact having a shape corresponding to the external shape of the above-described sintered body (a shape obtained by adding extra thickness to the net shape) is compression-molded. That is, a green compact is formed in which a pin protrudes from the working surface of the main body, and a surplus is added in the vicinity of the flare base that expands at the base of the pin so that the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous. .
- the space formed by the lower inner punch that is slidably fitted into the hole of the lower and outer punches and forms the top of the pin is filled with the raw material powder to form a flat rear surface opposite to the working surface.
- the green compact is formed by compressing the raw material powder with the punch, the inner lower punch and the outer lower punch.
- the molding can be performed at a molding pressure of about 400 to 800 MPa, similarly to the molding conditions in the production of general sintered machine parts.
- the shape having a pin protruding from the working surface of the main body is a shape in which the height of the main body and the portion having the pin are different and the height of the pin is high, so that the density of the pin is likely to be smaller than that of the main body.
- the green compact is formed using an upper punch having a shape having a protrusion so that a recess is formed at a position corresponding to the pin on the back surface opposite to the working surface from which the pin protrudes, This is preferable because the thickness of the main body at the protruding position is reduced and the molding density of the pins can be increased.
- the depth of the recess on the back surface is preferably about 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
- the green compact can be sintered under the same conditions as those used in the production of general sintered machine parts. However, when oxidation occurs in the sintering process, the sintered body becomes hard and plastically deforms. Since it becomes difficult, it is preferable to use a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere as a sintering atmosphere as a processing material for sintered machine parts.
- a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere as a processing material for sintered machine parts.
- the non-oxidizing gas include nitrogen gas, nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas, ammonia decomposition gas, butane-modified gas, and inert gas such as argon.
- the sintering temperature can be set to about 1000 to 1250 ° C.
- quenching treatment such as carburizing quenching and bright quenching is performed as necessary, as is done in ordinary sintered machine parts.
- subsequent heat treatment such as tempering.
- FIG. 2 shows application to a gear change part used in a transmission mechanism of a motorcycle as an example of a machine part in which a high load acts on a pin protruding from a main body.
- 2 (a) and 2 (c) are a top view and a perspective view in a state where the working surface of the main body from which the pin protrudes is arranged on the upper side
- FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the sintered machine part 10 has a substantially hexagonal star shape with rounded apex angles, and one of the six apex angles has a main body with an apex missing in an arc shape.
- 11 and six pins 12, and the pins 12 project vertically from a flat working surface 13 (upper surface) on one side of the flat plate-like body 11.
- the present invention can be applied to a machine part having one or more such protruding pins.
- the sintered machine component 10 of the present invention has a shape in which each of the pins 12 expands at the base so that the side surface 14 (outer peripheral surface) of the pin 12 and the working surface 13 of the main body 11 are smoothly continuous.
- the columnar pin main part 12a is comprised by the columnar pin main part 12a and the flare base 12b expanded at the root.
- the recessed part 16 which has in the back surface on the opposite side to the action surface 13 of the main body 11 is for preventing that a neutral zone produces
- FIGS. 3 to 7 are enlarged sectional views of part B of FIG. 2B, and show various examples of formation of a densified layer.
- (a) is a schematic diagram of pore distribution
- (b) is a schematic diagram showing formation of a densified layer (area indicated by hatching) having a density ratio of 96% or more
- (c) is a pin 12.
- 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the axial distance x of the pin 12 and the cross-sectional stress ⁇ x when a bending load is applied to.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a flare base 12 b that connects the working surface 13 of the main body 11 and the side surface 14 of the pin 12, and the side surface 14 b of the flare base 12 b is a curved surface showing an arc having a radius R 1 in the axial section of the pin 12.
- the form is shown.
- pores are dispersed in the matrix of the sintered body constituting most of the main body 11 and the pin 12, but the densified layer 15 formed on the flare base 12b is plastically deformed. The pores are shrunk or vanished and densified.
- the sintered body matrix and the densified layer 15 are continuous, the densified layer 15 is expressed as shown in FIG. 3B with a density ratio of 96% as a boundary.
- the side surface 14b of the flare base 12b of the pin 12 is a curved surface showing an ellipse in the axial section (the diameter of the pin in the axial direction is Ra and the diameter of the pin in the radial direction (direction of the working surface 13) is Rb)
- the stress ⁇ x of the cross section of the pin 12 at the axial distance x from the main body 11 when the bending load W is applied to the position of the axial distance L from 11 can be obtained as follows (formula Middle, x: axial distance from the body 11, r: pin radius).
- the tensile stress (hereinafter referred to as the bending stress)
- the region S in which the stress (simply referred to as “stress”) is higher than a certain level is distributed in the upper half of the flare base 12b and the neck of the pin main portion 12a as shown in FIG. 3B, and on the main body 11 side of the flare base 12b.
- the lower end portion is out of the region S.
- the densified layer 15 having a density ratio of 96% or more is formed on the side surface of the region S where the stress is increased so that at least the depth from the surface of the densified layer 15 at the maximum stress position P is d (0.3 mm) or more.
- the formation range of the densified layer 15 is, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an example in which the side surface of the flare base 12b that connects the working surface 13 of the main body 11 and the side surface 14 of the pin 12 is formed so as to show an arc having a radius R2 smaller than the radius R1 in FIG.
- the region S in FIG. 4B is a region where the stress ⁇ x reaches the same level as the region S in FIG. Even when the flare base 12b is formed as shown in FIG. 4, the stress maximum position P is on the flare base 12b, and the position is close to the upper end of the flare base 12b and slightly below the boundary with the pin main portion 12a. (0.5R2 ⁇ Xp ⁇ R2).
- the stress maximum positions P and Xp are lower than in the case of FIG. 3, and the stress distribution is concentrated in a narrow range near the root of the pin 12. For this reason, the maximum stress ⁇ x increases, and the region S where the stress increases becomes wider than in the case of FIG. 3 and reaches the entire area and the neck of the flare base 12b as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the densified layer 15 has a depth from the surface of the densified layer 15 at least at the maximum stress position P corresponding to the distribution of the region S in which the stress becomes high so that the depth is d (0.3 mm) or more.
- the strength of the base of the pin 12 is improved and breakage of the pin 12 is suppressed.
- the stress is high as shown in FIG. 4 (b).
- the densified layer 15 is formed so that the depth of the densified layer 15 is not less than d, and the range of the densified layer 15 is wider and deeper than in the case of FIG.
- the ellipse diameter Ra (the height of the flare base 12b) is the major axis R3 in FIG. 5, and the minor axis R4 in FIG.
- the region S in which the stress is increased is distributed in the flare base 12 b in the upper portion excluding a part on the lower side (main body 11 side) as shown in FIG. It is biased to the upper side (pin main portion 12a side).
- the stress maximum position P is on the flare base 12b, the position shifts downward toward the main body 11 as compared with the case of FIG. 3, and the boundary (flare base) from the middle of the flare base 12b to the pin main portion 12a. 12b (upper end) (that is, 0.5Ra ⁇ Xp ⁇ Ra).
- the region S where the stress increases is distributed in the upper part of the flare base 12b and the neck of the pin main part 12a as shown in FIG. 6B, and the lower part (the main body 11 side) of the flare base 12b. Part) is out of region S.
- the maximum stress position P is close to the upper end of the flare base 12b and slightly below the boundary with the pin main portion 12a (0.5Ra ⁇ Xp ⁇ Ra).
- the stress maximum position P moves further downward as compared with the case of FIG. 5, and is located below the middle of the flare base 12b (that is, 0 ⁇ Xp ⁇ 0.5Ra).
- the region S where the stress increases is distributed near the center of the flare base 12b, and the upper portion (pin main portion 12a side) and the lower portion (main body 11 side) of the flare base 12b deviate from the region S.
- the maximum stress position P shifts from the vicinity of the upper end of the flare base 12b to the main body 11 side, and the pin main portion The need to form a densified layer at the lower end (neck) of 12a is reduced.
- the stress maximum position P shifts to the pin main portion 12a side, and the necessity of forming a densified layer near the main body 11 decreases. That is, the stress maximum position P is determined by the balance of the diameters Ra and Rb within the range of the flare base 12b. Also in the cases as shown in FIGS.
- the depth from the surface of the densified layer 15 is d (0.3 mm) or more at least in the stress maximum position P, preferably in the entire region S where the stress is high.
- the region S where the stress becomes high is determined based on the stress distribution as a region where the stress becomes a desired level or more in the stress distribution according to the durability required for the pin 12.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which the side surface 14b of the flare base 12b that connects the main body 11 and the pin 12 partially includes a straight line in the axial section and shows a curve as a whole.
- the flare base portion 12b has a shape partially including the truncated cone portion 12c, and as shown in FIG. 8A, the upper portion 12d in which the side surface 14d shows an arc having a radius R5 in the axial cross section, and the truncated cone shape.
- the part 12c and the lower surface 12e in which the side surface 14e indicates an arc of radius R6 in the axial cross section are constituted.
- the side surface 14c of the truncated cone part 12c shows a straight line, and the side surface 14c of the truncated cone part 12c and the side surface 14a of the pin main part 12a are smoothly continuous via an arcuate side surface 14d having a radius R5.
- the side surface 14c of the truncated cone part 12c and the working surface 13 of the main body 11 are formed so as to be smoothly continuous via an arcuate side surface 14e having a radius R6.
- the side surface 14 c of the truncated cone part 12 c is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the axial direction of the pin 12.
- the stress ⁇ x of the cross section of the pin 12 at the axial distance x from the main body 11 when a bending load W is applied to the position of the axial distance L from the main body 11 is obtained as follows. (Where x is the axial distance from the body 11, r is the radius of the pin main portion 12a, b is the radius of the bottom of the cone (on the working surface 13) formed by the extension of the side surface 14c and the pin. Difference from the radius r of the main portion 12a, x1: axial height of the upper end of the lower portion 12e, x2: axial height of the upper end of the truncated cone portion 12c, x3: axial height of the upper end of the flare base 12b).
- the stress distribution is as shown in FIG. 8C, and the region S in FIG. 8 is also a region where the stress ⁇ x reaches the same level as the region S in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is designed so that the angle ⁇ at which the side surface 14c of the truncated cone part 12c is inclined is 30 °.
- the stress maximum position P Is located near the upper end of the flare base 12b, and the region S where the stress is high is the lower end including the flare base 12b (the truncated cone part 12c, the upper part 12d) and the neck of the pin main part 12a (the boundary with the flare base 12b) )
- the lower part of the flare base 12b (the lower part 12e, the lower part of the truncated cone part 12c) is out of the region S.
- the densified layer 15 is formed so that the depth from the surface of the densified layer 15 at least at the maximum stress position P is d (0.3 mm) or more in the region S where the stress is increased. As a result, the strength of the base of the pin 12 is improved and breakage of the pin 12 is suppressed.
- the densification layer 15 has all or part of the flare base 12b and its surrounding area, that is, bending load, so that at least the depth at the maximum stress position P is d (0.3 mm) or more. It is formed in the region S where the stress due to is increased to a certain level or more.
- the sintered machine component of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but in many cases, it is effective to form the densified layer 15 in a range including the boundary between the pin main portion 12a and the flare base portion 12b. It is necessary to form the densified layer 15 near the main body 11 of the flare base 12b when the height of the flare base 12b is small as shown in FIG.
- the densified layer 15 is generally formed on the neck of the pin main portion 12a (range from the boundary to 0.5 mm) and most of the flare base 12b. It is possible to cope with it, and the breakage of the pin can be preferably suppressed.
- the shape of the pin main portion 12a is a cylindrical shape will be described.
- the present invention can also be applied to a pin having an elliptical column shape or a polygonal column shape. By providing the base, durability against bending load can be imparted.
- the net shape of the sintered machine part is formed integrally with the main body having the action surface and the base at the base and protrudes from the action surface.
- the pin is defined as a shape having an axial shape that expands at the root so that the side surface of the pin bends smoothly in the vicinity of the root and is continuous with the working surface of the main body. Then, a sintered body 10 ′ substantially having a shape obtained by adding the extra thickness 20 to the net shape is prepared.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the shape of a sintered body used as a raw material in the method for manufacturing a sintered machine part of the present invention.
- the sintered body 10 ′ is formed entirely by a sintered alloy that forms a matrix of the sintered machine part 10, and substantially has a shape obtained by adding the extra thickness 20 to the net shape of the sintered machine part 10.
- the sintered body 10 ′ has a shape in which the pin 12 ′ protrudes from a flat lower surface 13 ′ (corresponding to the working surface 13) on one side of the main body 11 ′, similar to the main body 11 of the sintered machine component 10.
- the pin 12 ′ includes a pin main portion 12 a ′ and a flare base portion 12 b ′, and a surplus 20 added to the neck portion of the pin main portion 12 a ′ and the side portion of the flare base portion 12 b ′.
- the pin main portion 12a ′ and the flare base portion 12b ′ are the same as the pin main portion 12a and the flare base portion 12b of the sintered machine part 10 except that the pin main portion 12a ′ and the flare base portion 12b ′ have a single structure without a densified layer.
- the side surfaces of the pin main portion 12a ′ and the flare base portion 12b ′ are formed so as to bulge by an amount corresponding to the surplus thickness 20.
- the dotted line shows the shape of the flare base 12b of the sintered machine part after recompressing the surplus material 20, that is, the net shape.
- the surplus thickness 20 is provided in a thickness corresponding to the depth of the densified layer 15 corresponding to the position where the densified layer 15 is formed.
- the net shape is considered to include a minute error that can be corrected by sizing.
- the upper surface of the sintered body 10 ′ has a recess 16 ′ corresponding to the recess 16 of the sintered machine part 10.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of a mold apparatus for recompressing the sintered body 10 ′ having a shape as shown in FIG.
- the recompression mold apparatus can be composed of the same parts as the mold used for sizing.
- the mold apparatus includes a die 30 having a mold hole 31 that defines the outer peripheral shape of the sintered body 10 ′, and a lower surface of the main body 11 ′ of the sintered body 10 ′.
- a lower outer punch 40 having a punch surface 41 defining 13 ′ (corresponding to the working surface 13) and a lower inner punch having a punch surface 46 defining the lower end surface (top surface) of the pin 12 ′ of the sintered body 10 ′.
- the upper punch 60 has a side surface 62 slidably fitted into the mold hole 31 of the die 30, and the punch surface 61 has a convex portion that defines the concave portion 16 of the sintered machine component 10.
- the lower outer punch 40 has an outer peripheral surface 44 that is slidably fitted to the die hole 31 of the die 30, and further has a hole 42 that is slidably fitted to the lower inner punch 45 on the outer periphery 47. .
- FIG.10 (b) is an enlarged view of the part E which has the flare base shaping
- the flare base molding surface 43 is shaped into a shape corresponding to the flare base 12b in order to give the sintered body 10 'the shape of the flare base 12b of the sintered machine component 10 by cold compression.
- the flare base molding surface 43 is formed so as to be smoothly curved near the upper end so as to be continuous.
- FIG. 11 shows a deformation of the surplus wall 20 when the sintered body 10 ′ is cold-recompressed using a mold apparatus as shown in FIG. 10.
- the surplus thickness 20 of the sintered body 10 ′ contacts the flare base molding surface 43 of the lower outer punch 40 as shown in FIG. Touch.
- the sintered body 10 ′ in this state is pressurized in the vertical direction by the upper punch 60 and the lower inner punch 45, the surplus thickness 20 is pressed by the flare base molding surface 43 of the lower outer punch 40 and enters the sintered body 10 ′.
- FIG. 10 shows a deformation of the surplus wall 20 when the sintered body 10 ′ is cold-recompressed using a mold apparatus as shown in FIG. 10.
- the side surface of the surplus wall 20 is formed on the side surface 14b of the flare base 12b, and the density of the pressed surface is increased to increase the density of the densified layer 15.
- a flare base portion 12b and a neck portion are formed on the sides.
- the sintered machine part 10 is obtained from the sintered body 10 ′, and the density of the densified layer 15 is highest on the outermost surface.
- the side surface shape of the flare base 12b of the sintered machine component 10 is determined by the flare base molding surface 43 of the lower outer punch 40, and the range and depth in which the densified layer 15 is formed are the surplus of the sintered body 10 '.
- the flare base 12b of the sintered machine component 10 and the state in the vicinity thereof can be arbitrarily determined by the flare base molding surface 43 and the surplus wall 20 of the sintered body 10 ′. Can be controlled.
- the above-described manufacturing method is an example of a form in which the surplus meat 20 is recompressed using a sizing process, and this form contributes to an improvement in cost performance in that an additional recompression process is unnecessary.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described form.
- a method so-called rolling or the like
- a plastic deformation of the surplus by pressing a rotating or vibrating roller or the like against the surplus 20 is used. Can be implemented.
- the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
- an iron-based alloy powder having a composition consisting of Ni: 2%, Mo: 1.5%, balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities
- the graphite powder is 0.3% of the total amount
- the zinc stearate powder is the total amount.
- the raw material powder was prepared by mixing the graphite powder and the zinc stearate powder so as to be 0.6%.
- the raw material powder in an amount that gives a compact density of 7.15 Mg / m 3 is weighed and filled, and compacted to produce a green compact, which is repeated to obtain sample numbers 1 to 4
- a plurality of green compacts were prepared.
- the obtained green compact was put into a sintering furnace having an atmosphere of H 2 : 5% by volume and N 2 : 95% by volume, heated at 1195 ° C. for 120 minutes for sintering, and then the sintering furnace was cooled.
- the sintered body was taken out.
- a mold apparatus having a configuration as shown in FIG. 10 is prepared, and by using this, sintering of sample numbers 1 to 4 obtained above is performed.
- a plurality of sintered machine parts of sample numbers 1 to 4 were produced.
- the sintered machine part of Sample No. 1 that does not form a densified layer on the side surface of the flare base has a pin breaking load of 3.8 kN, but the depth of the densified layer as in Sample Nos. 2 to 4
- the breaking load increases as the thickness increases, and in particular, when the depth of the densified layer increases from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, the breaking load significantly increases.
- the increase in the breaking load is moderate in the region where the depth of the densified layer is 0.3 mm or more. From this, it is understood that a densified layer having a densified layer depth of 0.3 mm or more is very effective in suppressing pin breakage.
- the sintered machine part of the present invention When the sintered machine part of the present invention is used as a machine part in which a high load acts on a pin protruding from the main body, such as a gear change part constituting a transmission mechanism of a motorcycle, breakage of the pin is suppressed. Therefore, it contributes to the supply of machine parts with excellent durability.
- the densified layer is formed only in a portion having high stress and the structure is densified, it can be easily manufactured, and an inexpensive mechanical component having excellent durability can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
上記のような機械部品の製造においては、溶製鋼で製造されるピンを別途用意する必要があり、しかも、焼結体からなる本体へピンを圧入する工程が追加されるので、手間がかかり、コストが高くなる。つまり、少ない工程でニアネットシェイプに造形可能で大量生産に向くという粉末冶金法の利点が損なわれる。 In order to prevent the breakage of the pin while applying the powder metallurgy method to the manufacture of a machine part in which a high load acts on such a pin, the
In the manufacture of mechanical parts as described above, it is necessary to separately prepare pins manufactured from molten steel, and since a process of pressing the pins into the main body made of a sintered body is added, it takes time and effort. Cost increases. That is, the advantage of the powder metallurgy method that can be formed into a near net shape with few steps and is suitable for mass production is impaired.
しかし、このような方法では、鍛造素材となる焼結体を加熱する設備及び金型を加熱する設備が必要となり、焼結体及び金型の加熱経費がかかる。しかも、熱間鍛造に供する金型は高価で寿命も短いので、その分製造コストを上げる要因となる。 In the forming method in which the pins are formed by such metal flow (plastic flow) by sintering forging, the density ratio of the entire pins can be increased to the same level as that of the molten steel, so that breakage from the root of the pin portion is prevented.
However, such a method requires equipment for heating a sintered body to be a forging material and equipment for heating a mold, and requires heating costs for the sintered body and the mold. In addition, the mold used for hot forging is expensive and has a short life, which increases the manufacturing cost accordingly.
本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、本体から突出するピンを有し、全体が焼結体で構成されながらピンの折損が抑制された焼結機械部品、及び、そのような焼結機械部品を高価な設備を使用せずに安価に提供可能な製造方法を実現することである。 As described above, in a mechanical component in which a high load acts on a pin protruding from the main body, the entire mechanical component including the pin is composed of a sintered body, and a sintered mechanical component in which breakage of the pin is suppressed is obtained. It is desired. In addition, a manufacturing method that can obtain such a sintered machine component at a low cost without heating the sintered body and the mold is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, have a pin protruding from the main body, and have a sintered machine part in which the breakage of the pin is suppressed while being entirely composed of a sintered body, and such a sintered machine It is to realize a manufacturing method capable of providing parts at low cost without using expensive equipment.
前記フレア基部は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において側面が円弧又は楕円弧を示す円弧回転体又は楕円弧回転体の形状を有するように構成したり、或いは、前記フレア基部は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において側面が直線を示す円錐台部を部分的に含み、前記フレア基部の側面は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において部分的に直線部を含む曲線を示すように構成することができる。前記ピンの軸方向断面において前記円錐台部の側面が示す直線とピンの軸方向との角度が45°以下であると好ましい。
前記本体は、前記作用面が平らである実質的な平板状であり、前記作用面の反対側に、前記ピンに対応する位置に凹部が形成された背面を有すると、均一な焼結体の形成に有効であり、前記凹部の深さは、前記本体の厚さの10~70%であるとよい。 The pin protrudes perpendicularly from the working surface and is positioned between the pin main portion and the pin main portion and the main body so that the side surface of the pin main portion and the working surface are continuous. A flare base having a concavely curved side surface, wherein the stress maximum position is on the side surface of the flare base, and the region where the densified layer is formed is at least one of the side surfaces of the flare base. Part. The entire portion excluding the densified layer is composed of the matrix, and the density ratio of the outermost surface of the densified layer is preferably 97% or more, and the flare base is curved on the side surface in the axial cross section of the pin. It has the shape of a curved rotating body showing
The flare base may be configured to have a shape of an arc rotator or an elliptic arc rotator whose side faces indicate an arc or an elliptic arc in the axial section of the pin, or the flare base may be in the axial section of the pin. The side surface may partially include a truncated cone portion having a straight line, and the side surface of the flare base portion may be configured to exhibit a curve partially including the linear portion in the axial cross section of the pin. The angle between the straight line indicated by the side surface of the truncated cone part and the axial direction of the pin in the axial cross section of the pin is preferably 45 ° or less.
When the main body has a substantially flat plate shape with the working surface being flat and has a back surface formed with a recess at a position corresponding to the pin on the opposite side of the working surface, a uniform sintered body is obtained. It is effective for formation, and the depth of the recess is preferably 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
柱状のピンが平らな作用面から垂直に突出する機械部品において、ピンに荷重が加わると、ピンにかかる荷重による曲げモーメントは、ピンの根元で最大となると共に、曲げモーメントは、曲げ方向と反対側のピン側面において引っ張り応力として作用する。その結果、引っ張り応力は、ピン側面と作用面とが不連続なピン根元の角部に集中的に作用して、根元の表面から破壊が進行する。
そこで、本発明では、第1に、根元で拡大する軸性の形状にピンを形成して、径が一定である柱状のピン主部と、ピン主部側から本体側へ向かって径が拡大するフレア基部とを有するようにピンを構成する。このように基部を拡大させることによって、ピンの根元の体積が増加して、その分ピンの根元の強度が増加する。更に、このフレア基部は、ピンの側面と本体の作用面とが滑らかに連続するように、朝顔様に拡張する形状に形成する。これにより、フレア基部及びその周辺の領域(つまり、フレア基部に隣接する本体の境界域、及び、フレア基部に隣接するピン主部の境界域を含む)内において応力が分散して作用するので、ピンの根元での応力集中を防止する上で有効に作用する。 (Convention points of the invention)
In a machine part in which a columnar pin projects vertically from a flat working surface, when a load is applied to the pin, the bending moment due to the load applied to the pin is maximized at the base of the pin, and the bending moment is opposite to the bending direction. Acts as a tensile stress on the side of the pin on the side. As a result, the tensile stress acts intensively on the corners of the pin base where the pin side surface and the action surface are discontinuous, and the fracture proceeds from the surface of the root.
Therefore, in the present invention, first, a pin is formed in an axial shape that expands at the base, and the diameter of the columnar pin main portion having a constant diameter increases from the pin main portion side toward the main body side. The pin is configured to have a flare base. By enlarging the base portion in this way, the volume at the base of the pin is increased, and the strength at the base of the pin is increased accordingly. Further, the flare base is formed in a shape that expands in a morning glory shape so that the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous. As a result, the stress acts in the flare base and its surrounding area (that is, including the boundary area of the main body adjacent to the flare base and the boundary area of the pin main part adjacent to the flare base). It works effectively to prevent stress concentration at the base of the pin.
高密化層の形成によって、マトリクスと高密化層との明確な境界は生じず、これらは、同じ焼結組成で連続しており、不連続ではない。高密化層は、焼結機械部品の金属組織断面における気孔率に基づいて、気孔率から算出される密度比がマトリクスより高く96%以上である部分として決定される。つまり、マトリクスにおける密度比が96%未満の場合は、高密化層は、密度比が96%以上の部分であり、マトリクスの密度比が96%の場合は、96%より高い密度比の範囲が高密化層である。高密化層は、表面からの深さが、少なくとも曲げ荷重による応力が最も高くなる位置において0.3mm以上となるように形成する。深さが0.3mm以上の高密化層は、応力に抗する耐久性の向上が顕著であり、高密化層の深さが表面から0.3mmに満たない場合、或いは、密度比が96%より小さい場合、曲げ荷重により生じるフレア基部表面の引っ張り応力に抗する耐久性が低下する。従って、曲げ荷重による応力が最大になる位置を包含する、ある程度の幅の帯域において深さが0.3mm以上になるように形成すると極めて好適である。 Generally, sintered machine parts having a density ratio of 80 to 96% are used, and most of the main body and pins of the sintered machine parts of the present invention are also sintered with such a general density ratio of 80 to 96%. Composed of bond money. Then, a densified layer is provided by recompressing the surface at the flare base, and the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are formed into a smooth concave curved surface so as to continue through the flare base as described above. Accordingly, when local recompression is applied to the sintered material, the metal structure becomes a multiphase structure having a matrix composed of the original sintered material and a compressed densified layer.
The formation of the densified layer does not produce a clear boundary between the matrix and the densified layer, which are continuous with the same sintered composition and are not discontinuous. The densified layer is determined as a portion where the density ratio calculated from the porosity is higher than that of the matrix and is 96% or more based on the porosity in the metal structure cross section of the sintered machine part. That is, when the density ratio in the matrix is less than 96%, the densified layer is a portion where the density ratio is 96% or more, and when the density ratio of the matrix is 96%, the density ratio range is higher than 96%. It is a densified layer. The densified layer is formed so that the depth from the surface is at least 0.3 mm at a position where the stress due to the bending load is highest. A highly densified layer having a depth of 0.3 mm or more has a remarkable improvement in durability against stress. When the depth of the densified layer is less than 0.3 mm from the surface, or the density ratio is 96%. If it is smaller, the durability against the tensile stress on the surface of the flare base caused by the bending load is lowered. Accordingly, it is extremely preferable to form the film so that the depth is 0.3 mm or more in a band having a certain width including the position where the stress due to the bending load is maximized.
故に、フレア基部は、ある程度以上の高さ、好ましくは0.1mm以上になるように設けることが推奨される。或いは、もう一つの対処法として、首部についても高密化層を形成することでピンの折損を抑制することができる。首部に高密化層を形成する場合、フレア基部の高密化層と首部の高密化層とが分離して形成されると、フレア基部の高密化層と首部の高密化層の間に応力の作用が集中し易くなるので、フレア基部の高密化層と首部の高密化層が連続するように形成する。尚、ピン主部側において、フレア基部との境界からの距離が0.5mmを超える位置では、曲げモーメントが小さくなって焼結材マトリクスの強度で抗し得るようになる。従って、首部に高密化層を形成する範囲は、フレア基部との境界からの高さが0.5mmまでの範囲でよい。 Since the stress due to the bending load acts in a distributed manner throughout the flare base, as the height of the flare base (the length in the axial direction) increases, the stress is widely distributed and the maximum value of stress (at the maximum stress position) (Stress value) decreases. On the contrary, when the height of the flare base is small, the stress is not dispersed so much, so the maximum value of the stress becomes high, and high stress acts around the stress maximum position (see FIGS. 3 and 4). That is, when the flare base is lowered, the range in which a stress of a certain level or more acts is widened. In this case, even if a densified layer is formed over the entire side surface of the flare base, if the bending moment is greater than the strength at the neck (the lower end of the pin main part including the boundary with the flare base) connected from the flare base to the pin main part, The action of tensile stress at the neck of the pin increases and breaks.
Therefore, it is recommended that the flare base is provided to have a certain height or more, preferably 0.1 mm or more. Alternatively, as another countermeasure, breakage of the pin can be suppressed by forming a densified layer on the neck. When a densified layer is formed on the neck, if the densified layer on the flare base and the densified layer on the neck are formed separately, the stress acts between the densified layer on the flare base and the densified layer on the neck. Therefore, it is formed so that the densified layer of the flare base and the densified layer of the neck are continuous. Note that, at the position where the distance from the boundary with the flare base portion exceeds 0.5 mm on the pin main portion side, the bending moment becomes small and the strength of the sintered material matrix can be resisted. Accordingly, the range in which the densified layer is formed on the neck may be a range up to 0.5 mm from the boundary with the flare base.
このように、高密化層は、フレア基部及びその周辺の領域内において、応力最大位置を中心として、所定レベル以上の高い応力が作用する領域に帯状に形成する。高密化層を形成する帯状領域の幅は、ピンに求められる耐久性に応じて適宜変更することができ、ピンの形状から材料力学的に得られる応力分布に基づいて決定される。曲げ荷重がピンに負荷される方向に沿った耐久性を特に高めるために、高密化層を形成する帯状領域の負荷方向における幅を部分的に広げても良い。 As shown in FIG. 6, when the flare base is formed so as to spread greatly toward the main body, the radius and the radial cross-sectional area of the flare base suddenly increase toward the main body, so that the strength of the portion adjacent to the main body increases. And the stress concerning a pin becomes small in the main body side. In such a case, the stress maximum position is close to the pin main part, so if the densified layer is formed by deflecting to the pin main part side, the densified layer is formed in the region on the main body side where the thickness has increased dramatically. Even if it is not done, the breakage of the pin can be suppressed.
As described above, the densified layer is formed in a band shape in a region where a high stress of a predetermined level or more acts around the maximum stress position in the flare base and its surrounding region. The width of the band-shaped region forming the densified layer can be appropriately changed according to the durability required for the pin, and is determined based on the stress distribution obtained from the pin mechanics in terms of material mechanics. In order to particularly enhance the durability along the direction in which the bending load is applied to the pins, the width in the load direction of the band-like region forming the densified layer may be partially expanded.
上述のように、様々な形状のフレア基部を有するピンの何れにおいても、応力最大位置は、フレア基部上に位置するので、高密化層の形成領域は必ずフレア基部の側面を含む。 Further, as another flare base shape, as shown in FIG. 8, it may be formed so as to include one or a plurality of truncated cone parts between the pin main part and the main body. The truncated cone has a shape in which the side surface is a straight line in the axial cross section. That is, the flare base may have a shape such that the side surface of the flare base in the axial section shows a curve partially including one or more straight portions. However, since the side surface of the flare base portion is continuous with the side surface of the pin main portion and the action surface of the main body, the upper and lower end portions of the side surface of the flare base portion are configured as curves in contact with the side surface of the pin main portion and the action surface in the axial section. . That is, the flare between the pin main portion and the truncated cone portion and between the truncated cone portion and the main body is smoothly continuous with a concave curved surface portion having a curved surface such as an arc in the axial cross section of the pin. It is necessary to configure the base so that stress concentration does not occur between the pin main part and the truncated cone part and between the truncated cone part and the main body. In addition, in the case of providing a plurality of truncated cone parts, it is necessary to smoothly connect with a concave curved surface part that is a curved line such as an arc in the axial section so that stress concentration does not occur between the truncated cone parts. . Accordingly, the flare base in this case has a shape in which the upper and lower sides of each of the one or more truncated cones are sandwiched between curved rotating bodies. When the truncated cone portion is formed, if the angle of the inclined surface with respect to the pin becomes excessive, it becomes difficult to form a densified layer on the pin main portion side due to recompression of the surplus. Therefore, the angle of the slope is preferably 45 ° or less with respect to the axial direction. In the flare base having the above-described shape, the stress due to the bending load is high near the upper end of the flare base and the neck of the pin main part, and the maximum stress position is on the curved rotating body adjacent to the pin main part.
As described above, in any of the pins having various shapes of the flare base, the stress maximum position is located on the flare base. Therefore, the region where the densified layer is formed always includes the side surface of the flare base.
このように、余肉を設けた焼結体を用意して、余肉の再圧縮を行うことによって、前述のような高密化層を有する焼結機械部品が得られる。焼結機械部品は、高密化層を除く全部分が焼結合金マトリクスで形成される金属組織構造となる。尚、焼結体の密度比が96%の場合、上記余肉の再圧縮によって緻密化した部分の密度比は焼結体の密度比96%より常に高くなるが、焼結体の密度比が96%未満の場合、余肉が薄いと、緻密化しても密度比は96%に満たない場合があり得る。つまり、出発焼結体の密度比が低いほど、設ける余肉の厚さは厚くなる。 Next, when the surplus of the sintered body is recompressed to form the flare base and its peripheral side into a shape in which the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous (ie, net shape), Is plastically deformed so as to be pushed toward the inside of the sintered body, whereby the pressed surface is compressed and densified from the matrix to form a highly densified layer. The means used for recompression should just be what can press the surplus of a sintered compact. Since the use of the mold apparatus is advantageous in terms of machining accuracy and workability, in this case, when the net shape is defined, a mold (see FIG. 10) in which the net shape is reflected in the cavity shape is prepared in advance. To do. Since the sizing mold is a mold that constitutes a cavity of the net shape, it is suitable for recompression of excess wall.
In this way, by preparing a sintered body having a surplus and recompressing the surplus, a sintered machine part having the above-described densified layer can be obtained. The sintered machine part has a metal structure in which all parts except the densified layer are formed of a sintered alloy matrix. When the density ratio of the sintered body is 96%, the density ratio of the portion densified by re-compression of the surplus is always higher than the density ratio of the sintered body of 96%. In the case of less than 96%, if the surplus is thin, the density ratio may be less than 96% even when densified. That is, the lower the density ratio of the starting sintered body, the thicker the surplus thickness provided.
圧粉体の焼結前後における寸法変化が実質的にないならば、圧粉体成形用の金型と焼結体再圧縮用の金型(サイジング用金型)とのキャビティにおける相違は、余肉に関連する部分のみとなる。この場合、圧粉体成形時の成形圧力は、焼結体を再圧縮する圧力とさほど大差はないので、余肉部分に関するパンチのみの交換による金型の併用が可能になる。 Using the raw material powder as described above, a green compact having a shape corresponding to the external shape of the above-described sintered body (a shape obtained by adding extra thickness to the net shape) is compression-molded. That is, a green compact is formed in which a pin protrudes from the working surface of the main body, and a surplus is added in the vicinity of the flare base that expands at the base of the pin so that the side surface of the pin and the working surface of the main body are smoothly continuous. . For example, a die having a die hole that forms the outer peripheral shape of the main body, a lower outer punch that has a hole that molds the outer periphery (side surface) of the pin and is fitted into the die hole of the die to mold the working surface of the main body, The space formed by the lower inner punch that is slidably fitted into the hole of the lower and outer punches and forms the top of the pin is filled with the raw material powder to form a flat rear surface opposite to the working surface. The green compact is formed by compressing the raw material powder with the punch, the inner lower punch and the outer lower punch. With respect to the molding conditions at this time, the molding can be performed at a molding pressure of about 400 to 800 MPa, similarly to the molding conditions in the production of general sintered machine parts.
If there is substantially no dimensional change before and after sintering the green compact, the difference in the cavity between the green compact mold and the sintered compact recompression mold (sizing mold) Only meat related parts. In this case, since the molding pressure at the time of compacting is not so different from the pressure for recompressing the sintered body, it is possible to use the mold together by exchanging only the punch for the surplus portion.
本発明の焼結機械部品の形状の一例を図2に示す。図2は、本体から突出するピンに高い荷重が作用する機械部品の一例として、自動二輪車の変速機構に用いられるギヤチェンジ部品への適用を示す。図2(a)及び(c)はピンが突出する本体の作用面を上側に配置した状態での上面図及び斜視図であり、図2(b)は、(a)のA-A線断面図である。図2(b)に示すように、焼結機械部品10は、頂角を丸めた略六芒星の形状を有すると共に、6つの頂角の内の1つの頂角が円弧状に欠損した形状の本体11と、6本のピン12とを有する部品であり、ピン12は、平板状の本体11の一側の平らな作用面13(上面)から垂直に突出する。本発明は、このような突出するピンを1つ以上有する機械部品に適用できる。本発明の焼結機械部品10は、ピン12の各々が、ピン12の側面14(外周面)と本体11の作用面13とが滑らかに連続するように根元において拡大する形状を有し、円柱状のピン主部12aと、根元において拡大するフレア基部12bとによって構成される。尚、本体11の作用面13と反対側の背面に有する凹部16は、圧粉成形時にニュートラルゾーンが生成するのを防止するためのものである。 (1) Specific example of sintered machine part An example of the shape of the sintered machine part of the present invention is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows application to a gear change part used in a transmission mechanism of a motorcycle as an example of a machine part in which a high load acts on a pin protruding from a main body. 2 (a) and 2 (c) are a top view and a perspective view in a state where the working surface of the main body from which the pin protrudes is arranged on the upper side, and FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. As shown in FIG. 2B, the
A) 0≦x<Raにおいて
応力σx=4W(L-x)/
π[r+Rb-Rb〔1-(x-Ra)2/Ra2〕1/2]3
B) Ra≦x≦Lにおいて
応力σx=4W(L-x)/πr3 When the
A) At 0 ≦ x <Ra, stress σx = 4 W (L−x) /
π [r + Rb-Rb [1- (x-Ra) 2 / Ra 2 ] 1/2 ] 3
B) At Ra ≦ x ≦ L, stress σx = 4 W (L−x) / πr 3
従って、少なくとも応力最大位置Pにおける高密化層15の表面からの深さがd(0.3mm)以上となるように、応力が高くなる領域Sの側面に密度比96%以上の高密化層15を形成すると、ピン12の根元の強度が向上し、ピン12の折損が抑制される。高密化層15の形成範囲は、図3(b)のように、フレア基部12b及びその周辺のうち、フレア基部12bの上側大部分と、ピン主部12aの下端部とを含む範囲の側面となる。図3(b)のように、応力が高い領域Sの全てにおいて高密化層15の深さがd以上となるように高密化層15を形成すると非常に良好であり、耐久性が更に向上する。 As shown in FIG. 3, when the
Therefore, the densified
図4のようにフレア基部12bを形成した場合においても、応力最大位置Pは、フレア基部12b上にあり、その位置は、フレア基部12b上端に近く、ピン主部12aとの境界より少し下側に位置する(0.5R2<Xp<R2)。しかし、円弧の半径R2(つまり、フレア基部12bの高さ)が小さいので、応力最大位置P及びXpは、図3の場合より低く、応力分布はピン12の根元近くの狭い範囲に集中する。このため、最大応力σxは、大きくなり、応力が高くなる領域Sは、図3の場合より却って広くなって、図4(b)のように、フレア基部12bの全域及び首部に及ぶ。この場合においても、応力が高くなる領域Sの分布に対応して、少なくとも応力最大位置Pにおける高密化層15の表面からの深さがd(0.3mm)以上となるように高密化層15を形成することで、ピン12の根元の強度が向上し、ピン12の折損が抑制される。図4のフレア基部12bの形状に基づいて、高密化層15の形成によって図3(b)のピン12と同等の耐久性を付与するには、図4(b)のように、応力が高い領域Sの全てにおいて高密化層15の深さがd以上となるように高密化層15を形成し、高密化層15の範囲は、図3の場合より広く深くなる。 FIG. 4 is an example in which the side surface of the
Even when the
図5の場合、応力が高くなる領域Sは、図5(b)のように、下側(本体11側)の一部を除く上側部分のフレア基部12bに分布し、即ち、フレア基部12bの上側(ピン主部12a側)に偏って位置する。応力最大位置Pは、フレア基部12b上にあるが、その位置は、図3の場合に比べて本体11側へ下方に移行し、フレア基部12bの中間からピン主部12aとの境界(フレア基部12b上端)迄の範囲に位置する(つまり、0.5Ra≦Xp<Ra)。
図6の場合、応力が高くなる領域Sは、図6(b)のように、フレア基部12bの上側部分及びピン主部12aの首部に分布し、フレア基部12bの下側部分(本体11側部分)は領域Sから外れる。応力最大位置Pは、フレア基部12bの上端に近く、ピン主部12aとの境界の僅か下方に位置する(0.5Ra<Xp<Ra)。 5 and 6 show an example in which the
In the case of FIG. 5, the region S in which the stress is increased is distributed in the
In the case of FIG. 6, the region S where the stress increases is distributed in the upper part of the
σx=4W(L-x){R6(1-sinθ)/cosθ+
r+b-[R62-(x-R6)2]0.5}-3/π
b) x1≦x<x2において
σx=4W(L-x)[(-tanθ)x+r+b]-3/π
c) x2≦x<x3において
σx=4W(L-x){r+R5-〔R52-{x-
[R5(1-cosθ)+bcosθ]/sinθ}2〕-0.5}-3/π
d) x3≦x≦Lにおいて
σx=4W(L-x)/(πr3) a) When 0 ≦ x <x1, σx = 4W (L−x) {R6 (1-sinθ) / cosθ +
r + b- [R6 2- (x-R6) 2 ] 0.5 } -3 / π
b) When x1 ≦ x <x2, σx = 4 W (L−x) [(−tan θ) x + r + b] −3 / π
c) x2 in ≦ x <x3 σx = 4W ( L-x) {r + R5- [R5 2 - {x-
[R5 (1-cosθ) + bcosθ] / sinθ} 2 ] −0.5 } −3 / π
d) When x3 ≦ x ≦ L, σx = 4 W (L−x) / (πr 3 )
先ず、焼結機械部品のネットシェイプを、前述したように、作用面を有する本体と、根元で本体と一体に形成されて作用面から突出するピンとを有し、ピンが、ピンの側面が根元付近で滑らかに曲がって本体の作用面と連続になるように根元において拡大する軸性形状を有するような形状として規定する。そして、ネットシェイプに高密化用の余肉20を加えた形状を実質的に有する焼結体10’を用意する。 (2) Specific Example of Method for Manufacturing Sintered Machine Part First, as described above, the net shape of the sintered machine part is formed integrally with the main body having the action surface and the base at the base and protrudes from the action surface. The pin is defined as a shape having an axial shape that expands at the root so that the side surface of the pin bends smoothly in the vicinity of the root and is continuous with the working surface of the main body. Then, a
質量比で、Ni:2%、Mo:1.5%、残部:Fe及び不可避量の不純物からなる組成の鉄系合金粉末に、黒鉛粉末が全量の0.3%、ステアリン酸亜鉛粉末が全量の0.6%となるように黒鉛粉末及びステアリン酸亜鉛粉末を混合して原料粉末を調製した。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
In an iron-based alloy powder having a composition consisting of Ni: 2%, Mo: 1.5%, balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities, the graphite powder is 0.3% of the total amount and the zinc stearate powder is the total amount. The raw material powder was prepared by mixing the graphite powder and the zinc stearate powder so as to be 0.6%.
各金型毎に、成形体密度が7.15Mg/m3になる量の上記原料粉末を秤量して充填し、圧粉して圧粉体を作製し、これを繰り返して試料番号1~4の圧粉体を複数個ずつ用意した。得られた圧粉体を、H2:5体積%、N2:95体積%の雰囲気の焼結炉に投入し、1195℃で120分間加熱して焼結した後に、焼結炉を冷却して焼結体を取り出した。 The
For each mold, the raw material powder in an amount that gives a compact density of 7.15 Mg / m 3 is weighed and filled, and compacted to produce a green compact, which is repeated to obtain
又、各試料について別の焼結機械部品を用意し、オートグラフを用いてピン先端に荷重を加えて、ピンの破壊荷重を測定したところ、表1のような結果が得られた。 Furthermore, as a recompression mold apparatus that constitutes the cavity of the net shape, a mold apparatus having a configuration as shown in FIG. 10 is prepared, and by using this, sintering of
Moreover, when another sintered machine part was prepared for each sample, a load was applied to the tip of the pin using an autograph, and the breaking load of the pin was measured, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
試料番号 高密化層の深さ(mm) ピンの破壊荷重(kN)
1 0.0 3.8
2 0.1 4.1
3 0.3 6.0
4 0.5 6.1
5 1.0 6.3
(Table 1)
Sample number Depth of densified layer (mm) Breaking load of pin (kN)
1 0.0 3.8
2 0.1 4.1
3 0.3 6.0
4 0.5 6.1
5 1.0 6.3
Claims (12)
- 焼結合金で構成され、作用面を有する本体と、前記本体と一体に形成されて前記作用面から突出するピンとを有する焼結機械部品であって、
前記ピンは、前記ピンの側面が根元付近で滑らかに湾曲して前記本体の作用面と連続するように、根元において拡大する軸性形状を有し、
前記焼結機械部品を構成する焼結合金は、密度比が80~96%のマトリクスと、密度比が96%以上で前記マトリクスより高密度比である高密化層とを有する金属組織構造を有し、前記高密化層は、前記ピンに加えられる曲げ荷重から生じる応力が最大になる応力最大位置において深さが0.3mm以上になるように前記ピンの側面に設けられる焼結機械部品。 A sintered machine component comprising a sintered body and having a working surface and a pin integrally formed with the body and projecting from the working surface,
The pin has an axial shape that expands at the base so that the side surface of the pin is smoothly curved near the base and is continuous with the working surface of the main body,
The sintered alloy constituting the sintered machine part has a metallographic structure having a matrix with a density ratio of 80 to 96% and a densified layer with a density ratio of 96% or more and a higher density ratio than the matrix. The densified layer is a sintered machine part provided on the side surface of the pin so that the depth is 0.3 mm or more at the maximum stress position where the stress generated from the bending load applied to the pin is maximum. - 前記ピンは、前記作用面から垂直に突出し、柱状のピン主部と、前記ピン主部と前記本体との間に位置して前記ピン主部の側面と前記作用面とを連続にするように凹状に湾曲した側面を有するフレア基部とを有し、
前記応力最大位置は前記フレア基部の側面にあり、前記高密化層が形成される領域は、前記フレア基部の側面の少なくとも一部を含む請求項1に記載の焼結機械部品。 The pin protrudes perpendicularly from the working surface and is positioned between the pin main portion and the pin main portion and the main body so that the side surface of the pin main portion and the working surface are continuous. A flare base having a concavely curved side surface,
2. The sintered machine part according to claim 1, wherein the stress maximum position is on a side surface of the flare base, and the region where the densified layer is formed includes at least a part of the side surface of the flare base. - 前記高密化層を除く全部分が前記マトリクスで構成され、前記高密化層の最表面の密度比は97%以上であり、
前記フレア基部は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において前記側面が曲線を示す曲線回転体の形状を有する請求項2に記載の焼結機械部品。 The entire portion excluding the densified layer is composed of the matrix, and the density ratio of the outermost surface of the densified layer is 97% or more,
3. The sintered machine part according to claim 2, wherein the flare base portion has a shape of a curved rotating body in which the side surface is curved in an axial section of the pin. - 前記フレア基部は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において側面が円弧又は楕円弧を示す円弧回転体又は楕円弧回転体の形状を有する請求項2に記載の焼結機械部品。 3. The sintered machine part according to claim 2, wherein the flare base has a shape of an arc rotator or an elliptic arc rotator whose side faces indicate an arc or an elliptic arc in an axial section of the pin.
- 前記フレア基部は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において側面が直線を示す円錐台部を部分的に含み、前記フレア基部の側面は、前記ピンの軸方向断面において部分的に直線部を含む曲線を示す請求項2に記載の焼結機械部品。 The flare base portion partially includes a truncated cone portion having a straight side surface in the axial cross section of the pin, and the side surface of the flare base portion exhibits a curve partially including the linear portion in the axial cross section of the pin. The sintered machine part according to claim 2.
- 前記ピンの軸方向断面において前記円錐台部の側面が示す直線とピンの軸方向との角度が45°以下である請求項5に記載の焼結機械部品。 The sintered machine part according to claim 5, wherein an angle between a straight line indicated by a side surface of the truncated cone part and an axial direction of the pin in an axial section of the pin is 45 ° or less.
- 前記本体は、前記作用面が平らである実質的な平板状であり、前記作用面の反対側に、前記ピンに対応する位置に凹部が形成された背面を有する請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の焼結機械部品。 7. The main body according to claim 1, wherein the main body has a substantially flat plate shape with the working surface being flat, and has a back surface formed with a recess at a position corresponding to the pin on the opposite side of the working surface. 2. A sintered machine part according to item 1.
- 前記凹部の深さは、前記本体の厚さの10~70%である請求項7に記載の焼結機械部品。 The sintered machine part according to claim 7, wherein the depth of the recess is 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
- 作用面を有する本体と、前記本体と根元で一体に形成されて前記作用面から突出するピンとを有し、前記ピンは、根元において拡大する軸性形状を有して、前記ピンの側面が根元付近で滑らかに湾曲して前記本体の作用面と連続になるような形状として、焼結機械部品のネットシェイプを規定し、
前記ネットシェイプにおいて前記ピンに加えられる曲げ荷重から生じる応力が最も高くなる応力最大位置を含む領域に余肉が加えられて前記ピンの側面が前記ネットシェイプより膨出する形状を有し、密度比が80~96%の焼結合金で構成される焼結体を用意し、
前記焼結体の余肉を冷間で再圧縮して前記ネットシェイプに成形して、前記焼結体より高密度比で密度比が96%以上の高密化層を、前記応力最大位置において深さが0.3mm以上になるように前記ピンの側面に形成することを有する焼結機械部品の製造方法。 A main body having a working surface; and a pin formed integrally with the main body at the base and projecting from the working surface, the pin having an axial shape expanding at the base, and a side surface of the pin is rooted As a shape that smoothly curves in the vicinity and is continuous with the working surface of the main body, the net shape of the sintered machine part is defined,
In the net shape, there is a shape in which surplus thickness is applied to a region including the maximum stress position where the stress generated from the bending load applied to the pin is highest, and the side surface of the pin bulges from the net shape, and the density ratio Prepared a sintered body composed of 80-96% sintered alloy,
The excess thickness of the sintered body is recompressed cold and formed into the net shape, and a dense layer having a density ratio of 96% or more than that of the sintered body is deepened at the maximum stress position. A method for manufacturing a sintered machine component, comprising forming the pin on a side surface so that the thickness is 0.3 mm or more. - 前記余肉の再圧縮は、50~1200MPaの圧力で行う請求項9に記載の焼結機械部品の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a sintered machine part according to claim 9, wherein the recompression of the surplus is performed at a pressure of 50 to 1200 MPa.
- 前記本体は、前記作用面が平らである実質的な平板状であり、前記焼結体は、前記作用面の反対側において、前記ピンに対応する位置に凹部が形成された背面を有する請求項9又は10に記載の焼結機械部品の製造方法。 The main body has a substantially flat plate shape with the working surface being flat, and the sintered body has a back surface formed with a recess at a position corresponding to the pin on the opposite side of the working surface. A method for producing a sintered machine part according to 9 or 10.
- 前記凹部の深さは、前記本体の厚さの10~70%である請求項11に記載の焼結機械部品の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a sintered machine part according to claim 11, wherein the depth of the recess is 10 to 70% of the thickness of the main body.
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