WO2014154936A1 - Système rcs pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels et procédé correspondant utilisant la technologie rcs - Google Patents

Système rcs pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels et procédé correspondant utilisant la technologie rcs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014154936A1
WO2014154936A1 PCT/FI2014/050172 FI2014050172W WO2014154936A1 WO 2014154936 A1 WO2014154936 A1 WO 2014154936A1 FI 2014050172 W FI2014050172 W FI 2014050172W WO 2014154936 A1 WO2014154936 A1 WO 2014154936A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
exhaust
scr
mixture
bar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2014/050172
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Teemu SARJOVAARA
Olli RANTA
Matti LARMI
Original Assignee
Aalto University Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aalto University Foundation filed Critical Aalto University Foundation
Publication of WO2014154936A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014154936A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a system and a method for after-treatment of diesel engines' exhaust gases.
  • the object of the invention is a system and method based on SCR technology.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • Urea vaporizes and breaks up into ammoniac, which reacts inside the catalytic converter with nitrogen oxide reducing into nitrogen and water.
  • air-aided air-aided
  • the first option's strength is the simple technical implementation, but a weakness is poor drop formation, which causes poor vaporization and mixing. This causes problems for the reducing ability of the catalytic converter and the design of the exhaust line.
  • Air-aided systems' strength is a very small drop size, but a challenge is the need for pressurized air, which is not available in the majority of current applications.
  • hot metal surface are often used in order to vaporize the mixture.
  • a hot surface can mean a wall of a mixer inside the exhaust pipe or a separate element the mixture is sprayed against. Spraying of surfaces increases the crystallization risk of urea.
  • Separate mixers and vaporization elements for one increase space requirements, exhaust gas backpressure and the price of the system.
  • the aim of the current invention is to offer a solution, in which a sufficiently small drop size for urea is arranged without using pressurized air, to facilitate fast enough vaporization. Further, when urea is made to vaporize fast enough, the mixer used in traditional systems can be eliminated, as the use of metal surfaces for vaporization of the mixture is no longer needed.
  • a SCR system for after-treatment of diesel engines' exhaust gases includes a high pressure spray nozzle for water/urea mixture, which nozzle is mounted in the exhaust pipework in a way that the mixture jet achieves a speed sufficient for aerodynamic secondary break-up in respect to the exhaust gas stream. It is characteristic for the system that the nozzle is mounted into the exhaust pipework in a way that the mixture jet is directed substantially up- stream in relation to the exhaust gas stream.
  • the invention can be implemented with a method for after-treatment of diesel engines' exhaust gases using SCR technology according to claim 4, wherein a high pressure spray nozzle for water/urea -mixture is mounted into an exhaust pipework in a way that the mixture jet achieves a speed sufficient for secondary break-up in respect to the exhaust gas stream. It is characteristic for the method that the nozzle is mounted into the exhaust pipework in a way that the mixture jet is directed substantially upstream in relation to the exhaust gas stream.
  • the preferred embodiments are presented in the dependent patent claims.
  • Figure 1 represents a schematic picture of a SCR system
  • Figure 2a represents the placement of a high pressure nozzle in an exhaust pipe in a way that the jet is directed downstream
  • Figure 2b represents the placement of a high pressure nozzle in an exhaust pipe in a way that the jet is directed upstream
  • FIG 1 is represented a schematic picture of a SCR system with a diesel engine 1, a turbocharger 2, an oxidation catalytic converter 3, a high pressure spray nozzle for urea/water mixture 4, SCR catalytic converter 5, an oxidation catalytic converter for ammoniac 6, a high pressure pump for urea/water mixture 7 and an urea/water container 8.
  • FIG 2a is represented a way according to the invention for delivering urea/water mixture with a spray nozzle 4 into the exhaust gas stream 9.
  • High pressure nozzle 4 is placed in a way that the direction of the jet is in the same direction as the exhaust gas stream.
  • a nozzle is placed according to the present invention in a way that the direction of the jet is against the exhaust gas stream.
  • a velocity sufficient for secondary break-up in relation to the exhaust gas stream according to the invention thus depends on gas density, drop radius and the fluid's surface tension. Further sufficient absolute velocity of the mixture jet depends on the speed of the exhaust gas stream.
  • a sufficiently fast vaporization of drops and mixing of urea can be achieved in a way that a separate mixer between nozzle and SCR catalytic converter as used in current systems is not needed.
  • the typical spraying pressure is below 10 bar.
  • a remarkably higher spraying pressure is used.
  • the spraying pressure can be for ex- ample 140-160 bar or about 150 bar. These pressures have been observed to work well in systems, where the nozzle size is about 0.2 mm and the spraying direction is upstream.
  • a higher pressure facilitates a remarkably higher drop velocity ⁇ y ⁇ V&p), which boosts break-up of drops (Weber- number).
  • a smaller drop size for its part accelerates the vaporization of fluid.
  • exhaust gas after treatment systems can implement better nitrogen oxide reduction, thus fewer emissions as well as a notably simpler and cheaper exhaust pipework.
  • the invention can be utilized in all diesel engine applications, because it does not need for example pressurized air to function.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système RCS pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels. Le système est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une buse à haute pression (4) pour un mélange d'eau/urée, ladite buse étant installée dans le tuyau d'échappement de telle manière que le jet de mélange atteigne une vitesse par rapport au flux de gaz d'échappement (9) qui est suffisante pour une séparation secondaire aérodynamique. La présente invention concerne en outre un procédé correspondant pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels au moyen de la technologie RCS.
PCT/FI2014/050172 2013-03-26 2014-03-07 Système rcs pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels et procédé correspondant utilisant la technologie rcs WO2014154936A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20135295A FI20135295L (fi) 2013-03-26 2013-03-26 SCR-järjestelmä dieselmoottoreiden pakokaasujen jälkikäsittelyä varten sekä vastaava SCR-tekniikkaa hyödyntävä menetelmä
FI20135295 2013-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014154936A1 true WO2014154936A1 (fr) 2014-10-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2014/050172 WO2014154936A1 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-03-07 Système rcs pour le post-traitement de gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesels et procédé correspondant utilisant la technologie rcs

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI20135295L (fr)
WO (1) WO2014154936A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020201727A1 (de) 2020-02-12 2021-08-12 Hyundai Motor Company System und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028070A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Procede et dispositif pour reduire les emissions toxiques d'un moteur a gaz pauvre par reduction catalytique selective a injection d'uree
US20030155436A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2003-08-21 Nilsen Finn Patrick Method for mixing fluids
US20080022670A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas purification apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998028070A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Procede et dispositif pour reduire les emissions toxiques d'un moteur a gaz pauvre par reduction catalytique selective a injection d'uree
US20030155436A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2003-08-21 Nilsen Finn Patrick Method for mixing fluids
US20080022670A1 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas purification apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020201727A1 (de) 2020-02-12 2021-08-12 Hyundai Motor Company System und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20135295L (fi) 2014-09-27

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