WO2014153502A2 - Appareil et procédé pour neuroparticules interventionnelles spatialement sélectives - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour neuroparticules interventionnelles spatialement sélectives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014153502A2
WO2014153502A2 PCT/US2014/031428 US2014031428W WO2014153502A2 WO 2014153502 A2 WO2014153502 A2 WO 2014153502A2 US 2014031428 W US2014031428 W US 2014031428W WO 2014153502 A2 WO2014153502 A2 WO 2014153502A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
tissues
transducer
nearby tissues
spatially
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PCT/US2014/031428
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English (en)
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WO2014153502A3 (fr
Inventor
Irving N. Weinberg
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Weinberg Medical Physics Llc
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Application filed by Weinberg Medical Physics Llc filed Critical Weinberg Medical Physics Llc
Priority to EP14768227.2A priority Critical patent/EP2996597A4/fr
Publication of WO2014153502A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014153502A2/fr
Publication of WO2014153502A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014153502A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N2/00—Magnetotherapy
    • A61N2/004—Magnetotherapy specially adapted for a specific therapy
    • A61N2/006—Magnetotherapy specially adapted for a specific therapy for magnetic stimulation of nerve tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
    • A61B5/062—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body using magnetic field
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0622—Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0285—Nanoscale sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/0515—Magnetic particle imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity

Definitions

  • the disclosed embodiments relate to the use of nano- and micro- engineered electromagnetic devices to stimulate and/or sense the state of portions of the nervous system in vivo.
  • Disclosed embodiments may be utilized to stimulate or otherwise affect portions of the nervous system of a subject's body without affecting other portions of the nervous system.
  • the presently disclosed embodiments apply the principle of selecting zones magnetically to specify spatial locations in which very small circuits can be activated, and which once activated may stimulate, affect, and/or sense nearby tissues.
  • stimulation is used as an illustration of the mechanism for increasing the firing rate of neurons, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments may also be used to decrease the firing rate of neurons (i.e., inhibit firing) by repeatedly stimulating neurons (e.g., by depleting stores of neurotransmitters) or by shorting electrical circuitry in neurons, or by heating nearby tissues, or electroporating nearby tissues, or through other neurophysiological means.
  • the effect on nearby tissues may be destructive, as would be desirable if the tissues were malignant or causing epilepsy or tremors to occur.
  • the tissues affected might be other than neuronal tissues.
  • the destruction could be immediate, or could result in long-term damage as might affect the ability of the cells to reproduce, or could potentiate other means of affecting tissues (e.g., by sensitizing tissue to subsequent radiation therapy).
  • an apparatus and method are provided for spatially-selective administration of actions by at least one device in the body using a transducer that is sensitive to a spatially-variant energy field imposed on the at least one device by a source external to a subject's body; and at least one component in the at least one device, wherein interaction of the transducer with the imposed spatially-variant energy field causes or enables at least one component in the at least one device to affect nearby tissues in the body.
  • Figure 1 illustrates one example of an electromagnetic device that will be provided to be resident in a nervous system and is part of an apparatus provided in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • Figure 2 illustrates transfer of energy from an energy transmitting device located outside of a subject's body into the device, illustrated in Fig. 1, and located in the subject's body in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of an enabling description of an example of the apparatus' magnetic field configuration, in which magnetic field 200 in the center of the configuration is below the saturation field for device core structure 30.
  • Figure 4 is a representation of an enabling description of an example of the invention, in which a pulse sequence is applied by device 100.
  • Disclosed embodiments may be utilized to stimulate or otherwise affect portions of the nervous system of a subject's body without affecting other portions of the nervous system.
  • stimulation is used as an illustration of the mechanism for increasing the firing rate of neurons, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments may also be used to decrease the firing rate of neurons (i.e., inhibit firing) by repeatedly stimulating neurons (e.g., by depleting stores of neurotransmitters) or by shorting electrical circuitry in neurons, or by heating nearby tissues, or electroporating nearby tissues, or through other neurophysiological means.
  • the effect on nearby tissues may be destructive, as would be desirable if the tissues were malignant or causing epilepsy or tremors to occur.
  • the tissues affected might be other than neuronal tissues.
  • the destruction could be immediate, or could result in long-term damage as might affect the ability of the cells to reproduce, or could potentiate other means of affecting tissues (e.g., by sensitizing tissue to subsequent radiation therapy).
  • Figure 1 illustrates one example of an electromagnetic device 10 that will be resident in a nervous system and is part of the disclosed embodiments.
  • electromagnetic devices includes but is not limited to devices that employ or are sensitive to electrical and/or magnetic energy, for example, spintronic devices or CMOS-fabricated circuits.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a small device 10 containing a transducer 20 that is near to or at least partially surrounds a core of magnetizable material 30.
  • the transducer 20 of device 10 in combination with the core material 30, is capable of collecting energy transmitted by a transmission device 100 shown in Figure 2.
  • device 10 includes a transducer 20, which converts ambient electromagnetic energy into electrical energy that can be stored or modified within the electromagnetic device 10.
  • transducer 20 is represented by coil elements wound or otherwise placed around a magnetizable core 30, although other types of magnetic sensors (e.g., magnetostrictive, ferroelectric, magnetocapacitative, piezoelectric cantilever devices) could be used. It should be understood that the use of magnetic materials to move portions of mechanical generators (e.g., tribological generators) may also be included in the category of transducers.
  • Transducer 20 may be connected electrically through resistive and other circuit elements (for example, diodes) 40 to an energy storage device represented in Fig. 1 as a capacitor 50.
  • transducer 20 may contain its own functional capacitance enabling it to store energy.
  • transducer 20 could be made sensitive to the magnetic field strength by other means than the saturation of core structure 30.
  • transducer 20 could be a giant magnetoresistance sensor that has been biased so as to only operate within a range of magnetic field strengths.
  • transducer 20 could be in a form that would be highly sensitive to electromagnetic radiation.
  • transducer 20 could be a ferro-eelctric cantilever in a spiral or other compact configuration, which would increase its effective length while preserving the overall small size of device 10.
  • transducer 20 is not a coil around a core, but is, instead, a sensor of magnetic fields that is not saturated in a field-free region
  • device 10 might be active at a location where the field is higher, for example at 230 (see Fig. 3), rather than at a location where the field is minimal, for example at location 220 (see Fig. 3).
  • Energy from energy storage device 50 may be used to power or activate circuit 60, which may have antennae and/or contacts 70 that can be used as means to stimulate nearby tissue of a subject.
  • Device 10 may be encapsulated by bio-compatible material 80, through which the electromagnetic effects of the stimulation means 70 can be transmitted, or through which at least some portion of means for stimulation (e.g., antennae) 70 may protrude.
  • the stimulating energy pulses or levels created by device 10 may be delivered to nearby tissues through the means to stimulate 70.
  • some or all of the portions of stimulating device 10 may be enclosed by a bio-compatible material 80.
  • the electrodes, contacts in Fig. 1 are shown projecting through coating 80. It should be understood that the electrodes or antennae 70 may be within or on the surface of coating 80 and may still stimulate nearby tissues. For example, if the means 70 (e.g., antennae) were to deliver magnetic impulses to nearby tissues, the transmission of such pulses would be unhindered by a thin coating of bio-compatible 80.
  • the bio-compatible material 80 may have properties enabling it to effectively target or reside in certain cell types or in certain portions of cells.
  • the bio-compatible material 80 is lipophilic, device 10 may, in one useful implementation, reside in a cell membrane of a neuron.
  • portions of the means for stimulation (e.g., antennae) 70 may protrude into extracellular space or may penetrate into cells.
  • the means for stimulation (e.g., antenna) 70 is illustrated as a single structure, it is understood that the means for stimulation 70 may be implemented using an assembly of one or more sensors, some of which may be in different locations within device 10 or remote to it.
  • Fig. 1 The components and circuits shown in Fig. 1 may be utilized to utilize some of the energy harvested by transducer 20 to cause application of a stimulating pulse or series of pulses to tissues in the vicinity of device 10 and/or to sense the milieu of such tissues and emanate a signal reporting on these sensed values.
  • Fig. 1 The process in which energy received by device 10 results in the application of pulses to nearby tissues can be of many types, an example of which is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • collected energy may be transferred through a resistive element and/or diode or other electronic component or power conditioning circuit 40 into a capacitor or other energy storage device 50. Power from the storage device 50 may then be applied to an oscillator circuit 60.
  • power conditioning circuitry 40 may include passive or active (e.g., diode) elements, placed at various locations in the main circuit, although for simplicity they are only shown at one location in Fig. 1.
  • passive or active e.g., diode
  • diode e.g., diode
  • several diodes in device 10 could be used to rectify an alternating current into direct current, as is well known in the field of electronic circuitry.
  • the oscillator circuit 60 can be replaced by some other circuit capable of creating appropriate pulses or static levels of electric or magnetic energy. Further, it should be understood that collected energy may be used to trigger an oscillating circuit that receives power from other means (e.g., an internal battery, a fuel cell harvesting energy from surrounding fluids, a piezoelectric element receiving energy from an ultrasonic beam, etc.).
  • other means e.g., an internal battery, a fuel cell harvesting energy from surrounding fluids, a piezoelectric element receiving energy from an ultrasonic beam, etc.
  • the electromagnetic energy emitted from device 10 may be in the form of emitted light or heat that can affect cells in proximity to device 10. It should be understood that, instead of releasing electromagnetic energy, device 10 could use electrical or magnetic energy to release chemicals or other particulate matters (e.g., ions) from device 10 or from cells in proximity to device 10 into nearby tissues, or use electrical or magnetic energy to trigger or effect physical motion or deformation of device 10 or of cells in proximity to device 10 in ways that could affect nearby tissues.
  • chemicals or other particulate matters e.g., ions
  • the entire device 10 could be fabricated in very small dimensions, for example, less than a millimeter or micron in size, using nanotechnology methods that are known to practitioners of the art.
  • the coil structure 20 illustrated in Fig. 1 could be wound upon the core 30, however in small dimensions such winding is not easy.
  • the winding of a coil may be affected through oblique angle deposition of conducting metal upon the core material, as taught by D-L Liu, D-X Ye, F. Khan, F.
  • transducers containing coil elements as shown in example by 20 in Fig. 1 may be implemented using deposits of conducting materials that are configured to conduct electrical currents.
  • the deposition process may be in accordance with prior US Non-Provisional patent application 13/342,386, entitled “Flexible Methods of Fabricating Electromagnets and Resulting Electromagnet Elements” (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates transfer of energy from a transmitting device 100 located outside of a subject's body into device 10 located within the subject's body.
  • Transmitting device 100 includes a power supply 1 10 that delivers an oscillating or transient energy pulse to inductive coil and/or antenna 120. Power may be inductively transmitted through space from coil 120 to transducer 20.
  • both the transmitter 100 and device 10 may have more components and complexity than the representations of Fig. 2. It should also be understood that transmitting device 100 or a similar device may also, or alternatively, receive energy transmitted by device 10 located in a subject's body. Further, it should be understood that energy may be transmitted by device 10 located in a body to an antenna or sensor 120 outside of the subject's body.
  • the energy could be used to elucidate or indicate the location of device 10 in the subject's body.
  • the frequency of the energy transmitted by device 10 could be a function of a magnetic field gradient applied to the subject's body by transmitting device 100 or other device external to the subject's body (e.g., a permanent magnet or electromagnet).
  • Near-simultaneous transmission/reception on either the transmission device 100 or the internal device 10 could potentially be implemented using quarter-wavelength transmission lines as is customary in MRI circuits.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of an enabling description of an example of the apparatus' magnetic field configuration, in which magnetic field 200 in the center of the configuration is below the saturation field for device core structure 30.
  • Core structure 30 may be present in multiple electromagnetic devices 10.
  • devices 10 are represented as being in locations 210, 220, and 230 with respect to magnetic field 200.
  • Figure 4 illustrates that the device 10 located at position 220 is exposed to a low (or zero) magnetic field while the devices 10 located at positions 210 and 230 are exposed to significant magnetic fields.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a region of low field in the center of the region of interest, it should be understood that for operation of the device, the region of low magnetic field could be at another location within the region of interest.
  • devices 10 at locations 210 and 230 may be exposed to substantial magnetic fields, which saturate core material 30.
  • the term "saturate" is defined as a state in which the magnetization of the material no longer increases with increasing applied magnetic field.
  • core 30 When core 30 is not saturated, it acts to increase the voltage induced in transducer 20 in response to transmitted RF oscillating field (310). If magnetic pulse (300) has saturated core 30, core 30 does not have the effect of increasing the signal in transducer 20 in response to transmitted RF oscillating field (310). If there is a non-zero relaxation time to the core material, pulse (300) may precede the transmitted oscillating field (310) instead of overlapping it as in Fig. 3.
  • the temporary establishment of a field-free zone i.e., in which pulse 300 is absent
  • the magnetizable core 30 can boost the effective length of the receiving transducer 20 by a significant factor (for example, a hundred-fold or more).
  • the coil nature of receiving transducer 20 effectively increases the length of the transducer 20.
  • Increasing the effective length of transducer 20 may permit more effective collection of electromagnetic radiation from the transmitter 100 at frequencies that pass through the skin.
  • the magnetizable core 30 may have the property that its magnetization saturates at some specific magnetic field strength, as is common for magnetizable materials (for example, iron oxides). As a result the transfer of energy from the transmission device 100 to the stimulation device 10 in Fig. 2 may be less effective when the device 10 is immersed in a magnetic field that is stronger than the saturation value than when the device 10 is immersed in a magnetic field that is weaker than the saturation value. Thus when one or more of device 10 is immersed in magnetic field configuration 200 (as illustrated in Fig. 3), certain locations of device 10 in the body will be relatively free of magnetic fields (e.g., position 220).
  • magnetizable materials for example, iron oxides
  • Fig. 4 is a representation of an example of a pulse sequence that may be applied by device 100.
  • a magnetic field magnitude 300 (an example of whose spatial configuration was shown as 200 in Fig. 3) is applied for a period of time to tissues in which one or more sets of electromagnetic device 10 reside.
  • a RF or other electromagnetic pulse 310 may be sent to device 10 in the body by transmitter 100 (or by another transmitter) which is located outside the subject's body.
  • transmitter 100 or by another transmitter
  • the RF pulse 310 will not effectively transfer energy to transducer 20. Such locations are shown as positions 210 and 230 in Fig. 3.
  • a relevant aspect of the disclosed embodiment is that the magnetic environment that device 10 senses will affect its internal operation and subsequent activities.
  • the spatially-dependent saturation of core 30 is an example of a means of affecting the internal operation of device 10, where the spatial dependence is imposed through the application of magnetic field configuration 200 to a volume containing one or more of device 10.
  • the magnitude of field strengths may be considered to be field-free if it is less than the saturation field of the core material 30 in the device 10.
  • the magnetic field configuration 200 may be static or may be pulsed 300 as illustrated in the pulse diagram of Fig. 4.
  • magnetic core 30 in a field-free zone (such as position 220 of Fig. 3) is not saturated, core 30 is thus capable of reversible magnetization. In such a situation, energy can be effectively collected by devices 10 in field-free position 220 and cause stimuli to be delivered to tissues in the proximity of device 10.
  • devices 10 in other positions may have their cores 30 saturated and be unable to collect energy, and thus may not deliver stimulating pulses to nearby tissues.
  • transducer 20 could be made sensitive to the magnetic field strength and/or orientation by other means than the saturation of core structure 30.
  • a general and relevant aspect of the discloed embodiments is that the magnetic environment that device 10 senses will affect its internal operation and subsequent activities.
  • devices 10 may be transported through a subject's body and/or nervous system as a result of the application of magnetic gradients that may act on core material 30 or on other magnetizable materials within or attached to device 10.
  • Such transportation is taught by IN Weinberg, MG Urdaneta, PY Stepanov, D Beylin, A Nacev, A Sarwar, B Shapiro, OC Rodriguez, C Albanese, R Probst, and ST Fricke, in the article entitled “Non-invasive Image-Guided Brain Access with Gradient Propulsion of Magnetic Nanoparticles", published in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Medical Imaging Conference (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the device 10 can be used to determine the electrical and/or chemical milieu where it is located, through amplification of signals from the milieu obtained through antenna 70 and/or other sensors attached to device 10. Energy may be provided to device 10 through transmission from external coil 120 to transducer 20. Signals corresponding to the sensed milieu may be transmitted from the device 10 to an outside antenna 120 or to other sensors by transducer 20 or oscillating circuit 60 or other coils in device 10. Localization of device 10 in the body may be accomplished via the interaction of an external magnetic field with core material 30 and/or transducer 20.
  • the location and status (e.g., activation state) of device 10 in the body could be determined through comparison of signals emanating from 10 as sensed by external antennas 120 and/or components of antennas 120 or other sensing devices located at different positions and/or orientations with respect to device 10. Such comparison could include amplitude and/or phase of signals detected by external antennas or sensing devices.
  • the use of focused RF (as described above) could potentially improve performance and/or spatial resolution when using the invention.
  • Devices 10 in a subject's body could detect the presence, location and/or state (e.g., activation status) of other such devices in the subject's body, for example using antennas 70.
  • state e.g., activation status
  • the concentration of numbers of device 10 could be imaged through analysis of magnetization properties, as taught by Gleich, or by emission of energy from device 10 as described above. It is understood that magnetic pulses to affect such imaging, or to affect magnetic resonance imaging of the body, could be applied at different times from the pulses shown in Fig. 4, in order to implement image guidance.
  • disclosed embodiments may utilize a transducer that is sensitive to a spatially-variant energy field imposed on the at least one device by a source external to a subject's body; and at least one component in the at least one device, wherein interaction of the transducer with an imposed spatially-variant energy field causes or enables at least one component in the at least one device to affect nearby tissues in the body, for example, nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • nearby tissues may be affected so as to potentiate subsequent application of another modality affecting the tissues.
  • hot tissues are less
  • the above-disclosed embodiments and constituent equipment may be coupled to a computer processor that may be configured to output the image data and/or one or more graphical or image representations of that data to memory for storage and further analysis or reference at a later date.
  • the software code, instructions and algorithms utilized may be utilized by such a processor and may be stored in a memory that may include any type of known memory device including any mechanism for storing computer executable instructions and data used by a processor.
  • the memory may be implemented with any combination of read only memory modules or random access memory modules, optionally including both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
  • some or all of the device computer executable instructions may be embodied in hardware or firmware (not illustrated).
  • the apparatus may similarly be coupled for communication and control to one or more user interfaces that may include display screens, one or more keyboards, and other types of user interface equipment.
  • system components may be implemented together or separately and there may be one or more of any or all of the disclosed system components. Further, system components may be either dedicated systems or such functionality may be implemented as virtual systems implemented on general purpose equipment via software implementations. [00065] As a result, it will be apparent for those skilled in the art that the illustrative embodiments described are only examples and that various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé d'administration spatialement sélectif d'actions par le biais des éléments suivants : au moins un dispositif dans le corps, utilisant un capteur sensible à un champ énergétique à variation spatiale imposé au(x) dispositif(s) par une source externe au corps d'un sujet ; et au moins un composant dans le ou les dispositifs, l'interaction du capteur avec le champ énergétique à variation spatiale imposé entraînant ou permettant à au moins un composant du ou des dispositifs d'affecter les tissus à proximité dans le corps.
PCT/US2014/031428 2013-03-21 2014-03-21 Appareil et procédé pour neuroparticules interventionnelles spatialement sélectives WO2014153502A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14768227.2A EP2996597A4 (fr) 2013-03-21 2014-03-21 Appareil et procédé pour neuroparticules interventionnelles spatialement sélectives

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361804094P 2013-03-21 2013-03-21
US61/804,094 2013-03-21
US201361810436P 2013-04-10 2013-04-10
US61/810,436 2013-04-10
US201361894097P 2013-10-22 2013-10-22
US61/894,097 2013-10-22

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WO2014153502A2 true WO2014153502A2 (fr) 2014-09-25
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US7967763B2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2011-06-28 Cabochon Aesthetics, Inc. Method for treating subcutaneous tissues
US7894904B2 (en) * 2006-06-20 2011-02-22 Ebr Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for implantable leadless brain stimulation
WO2009104151A2 (fr) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mécanisme et procédé permettant d'influencer et/ou de détecter des particules magnétiques dans une zone d'action d'un objet examiné et utilisation du mécanisme
EP2567653B1 (fr) * 2008-06-19 2014-09-03 Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Système de guidage magnétique
US8316862B2 (en) * 2009-02-25 2012-11-27 University Of Maryland Devices, systems and methods for magnetic-assisted therapeutic agent delivery
WO2012052920A1 (fr) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-26 CardioSonic Ltd. Réservoir de produits thérapeutiques
US9380959B2 (en) * 2011-08-18 2016-07-05 Weinberg Medical Physics Llc MRI-guided nanoparticle cancer therapy apparatus and methodology
US9622809B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2017-04-18 Weinberg Medical Physics Inc Apparatus and method for spatially selective interventional neuroparticles

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WO2014153502A3 (fr) 2014-11-13
EP2996597A4 (fr) 2017-03-01

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