WO2014136938A1 - Continuous heating furnace - Google Patents
Continuous heating furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014136938A1 WO2014136938A1 PCT/JP2014/055963 JP2014055963W WO2014136938A1 WO 2014136938 A1 WO2014136938 A1 WO 2014136938A1 JP 2014055963 W JP2014055963 W JP 2014055963W WO 2014136938 A1 WO2014136938 A1 WO 2014136938A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- exhaust
- gas
- fired
- gas heater
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/068—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by radiant tubes, the tube being heated by a hot medium, e.g. hot gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/12—Radiant burners
- F23D14/126—Radiant burners cooperating with refractory wall surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
- F27D99/0035—Heating indirectly through a radiant surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
- F27D2099/0045—Radiant burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuous heating furnace that burns fuel to heat an object to be fired.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-47305 for which it applied to Japan on March 8, 2013, and uses the content here.
- a continuous heating furnace in which a radiant body is heated by combustion heat obtained by burning a fuel gas, and a fired object such as industrial material or food to be conveyed is radiated from a radiant surface of the radiant body has been widely used. Yes. Some objects to be fired cannot be exposed to fuel gas or exhaust gas. For this reason, the continuous heating furnace may require a design so that fuel gas and exhaust gas do not enter the atmosphere of the object to be fired.
- a continuous heating furnace in which a combustion chamber in which fuel gas is combusted and a heating chamber in which an object to be fired is conveyed are separated (for example, Patent Document 1).
- this continuous heating furnace radiation surfaces are provided vertically above and below a heating chamber that heats the material to be fired, and the material to be fired is heated by radiation heat from the radiation surface.
- High-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion of fuel gas flows behind the radiation surface.
- the heat flux given to the object to be heated by heat radiation from the left and right walls is opposite to both ends in the direction orthogonal to the transport direction in the furnace body. This tends to be lower than the center side in the furnace body. Therefore, the temperature of the part to be fired near the both ends becomes lower than the part near the center.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a continuous heating furnace capable of achieving a uniform heat flux given to an object to be heated in the furnace body.
- a continuous heating furnace of the present invention includes a furnace body, a transport section that transports the object to be fired in the furnace body, an inflow hole through which fuel gas flows, and a fuel gas that flows in from the inflow hole.
- Combustion chamber in which combustion occurs in the combustion chamber, a lead-out portion to which exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber is led, a direction extending orthogonal to the conveying direction of the object to be fired, and heating by the heat of the exhaust gas flowing through the combustion or lead-out portion in the combustion chamber
- One or a plurality of hermetic gas heaters disposed in the furnace body, each having a first radiation surface for transferring radiant heat to the object to be fired, and an exhaust hole for exhaust gas that has heated the first radiation surface to flow out;
- a second heat exchanger is disposed in the furnace body so as to be provided along with the hermetic gas heater along the conveying direction of the object to be fired, communicates with an exhaust hole of the hermetic gas heater, and is heated by the exhaust gas to transfer radiant heat to the object to be fired Radiation surface and second A heat transfer facilitating portion that promotes heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface on one end side and / or the other end side in a direction orthogonal to the conveying direction of
- the heat transfer promoting unit may be configured to include an inflow path through which the exhaust gas flows and is perpendicular to or inclined with respect to the second radiation surface, and the exhaust gas from the inflow path collides with the back side of the second radiation surface.
- the heat transfer promotion part may be configured by a turbulent flow part that disturbs the flow of the exhaust gas flowing inside the exhaust heat transfer part.
- an exhaust heat transfer unit is provided at the front and the rear in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired, and an exhaust heat transfer unit provided at the front in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired is provided at the rear.
- the flow direction of the exhaust gas that heats the exhaust heat transfer section may be reversed between the exhaust heat transfer section and the exhaust heat transfer section.
- a plurality of exhaust heat transfer units are provided at least in front or rear in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired with respect to the hermetic gas heater, and the exhaust gas for heating individual exhaust heat transfer units by the plurality of exhaust heat transfer units.
- the flow directions may be opposite to each other.
- a plurality of hermetic gas heaters may constitute a hermetic gas heater system. Furthermore, this hermetic gas heater system may be divided into units each composed of one or a plurality of hermetic gas heaters, and each unit may include an exhaust heat transfer section.
- a plurality of sealed gas heater systems are provided in the furnace.
- the sealed gas heater system disposed in the furnace will be described, and then the overall configuration of the continuous heating furnace will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the appearance of the hermetic gas heater system 100
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cross section taken along line II-II in FIG.
- the hermetic gas heater system 100 in the present embodiment is a premixed type in which city gas or the like and air as a combustion oxidant gas are mixed before being supplied to the main body container.
- a so-called diffusion type that performs diffusion combustion may be used.
- a hermetic gas heater system 100 includes a plurality of (here, two) hermetic gas heaters 110 connected in series, and a mixed gas of city gas or the like (hereinafter referred to as “fuel gas”). ”) And the fuel gas burns in each sealed gas heater 110 to generate heat. In the closed gas heater system 100, exhaust gas generated by the combustion is recovered.
- fuel gas a mixed gas of city gas or the like
- a fire transfer portion 102 that communicates with the sealed space in the sealed gas heater 110 is formed at a connection portion between the sealed gas heaters 110.
- a single flame is ignited by an ignition device such as an igniter (not shown), and the flame is spread and ignited in the sealed gas heater 110 continuously provided through the fire transfer unit 102.
- an ignition device such as an igniter (not shown)
- the flame is spread and ignited in the sealed gas heater 110 continuously provided through the fire transfer unit 102.
- the two sealed gas heaters 110 are provided in the sealed gas heater system 100. Since the two sealed gas heaters 110 have the same configuration, only one sealed gas heater 110 will be described below.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the hermetic gas heater 110.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line III (a) -III (a) in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 3A.
- the white arrow indicates the flow of fuel gas
- the hatched arrow indicates the flow of exhaust gas
- the arrow filled with black indicates the movement of heat.
- the sealed gas heater 110 includes a heating plate 120, an arrangement plate 122, a partition plate 124, a heat insulating portion 126, a combustion chamber 128, a sealing portion 130, and a sealing portion 132. And a heat insulating material 134, a first piping part 136, a second piping part 138, an introduction part 140, and a lead-out part 142.
- the heating plate 120 is a thin plate member formed of a material having high heat resistance and oxidation resistance, such as stainless steel (SUS), or a material having high thermal conductivity, such as brass.
- the heating plate 120 has a first radiation surface 120a.
- the first radiation surface 120a is formed in a substantially rectangular shape (see FIG. 1), is heated by heat generated by combustion, and transfers radiant heat to the object to be fired.
- the outer wall portion 120b of the heating plate 120 is bent at the outer periphery of the first radiation surface 120a and stands up (extends in the direction perpendicular to the first radiation surface 120a and away from the first radiation surface 120a (downward in FIG. 3A)). ), Forming the side surface of the hermetic gas heater system 100.
- the heating plates 120 of the two hermetic gas heaters 110 are integrally formed (see FIG. 2).
- the heating plate 120 forms a hole with the inner surface of the outer wall portion 120b as a side surface and the back surface 120c of the first radiating surface 120a as a bottom surface, and the components of the two hermetic gas heaters 110 are inside the hole. Arranged.
- the arrangement plate 122 is a flat member formed of a material having high heat resistance and oxidation resistance, such as stainless steel or a material having low thermal conductivity.
- the arrangement plate 122 is arranged inside the outer wall portion 120b of the heating plate 120 so as to face the back surface 120c of the first radiation surface 120a of the heating plate 120 substantially in parallel.
- the partition plate 124 is a thin plate-like member formed of a material having high heat resistance and oxidation resistance, such as stainless steel, or a material having high thermal conductivity, such as brass.
- the partition plate 124 is disposed on the inner side of the outer wall portion 120 b of the heating plate 120 between the back surface 120 c of the heating plate 120 and the arrangement plate 122 so as to face the arrangement plate 122 substantially in parallel.
- the arrangement plate 122 and the partition plate 124 have substantially the same outer peripheries (outer shapes) of the opposing surfaces, and each has a track shape (a shape in which the two short sides of the rectangle are changed to line-symmetrical arcs (semicircles)). I am doing.
- the heating plate 120, the arrangement plate 122, and the partition plate 124 may be arranged so as to be opposed to each other as long as a gap is formed therebetween. Moreover, there is no restriction
- the heat insulating portion 126 is a thin plate member formed of a material having high heat insulating properties (having heat insulating properties), for example, ceramic.
- the heat insulating portion 126 has an outer peripheral portion 126a and a bottom surface portion 126b.
- the outer peripheral portion 126 a is located on the outer peripheral side of the partition plate 124, and extends along the outer periphery of the partition plate 124 in the facing direction of the heating plate 120 and the arrangement plate 122 (vertical direction in FIG. 3A).
- the bottom surface portion 126b is a portion that is bent and continuous from a portion of the outer peripheral portion 126a on the arrangement plate 122 side (lower side in FIG. 3A), and extends toward the center of the arrangement plate 122. Arranged to face each other.
- the heat insulating portion 126 has a hole 126c having a bottom surface portion 126b as a bottom surface and an inner surface of the outer peripheral portion 126a as a side surface, and the outline of the hole 126c is similar to the outer shape of the arrangement plate 122 and the partition plate 124. It has a track shape. And the outer peripheral part 126a is spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface 122a of the arrangement
- the combustion chamber 128 is located between the outer peripheral portion 126a and the outer peripheral surfaces 122a and 124a of the arrangement plate 122 and the partition plate 124, and faces the outer peripheral surfaces 122a and 124a. That is, the combustion chamber 128 is surrounded by the outer peripheral surfaces 122a and 124a, the heating plate 120, and the heat insulating portion 126, and a space located inside the outer peripheral portion 126a along the outer peripheral portion 126a (that is, a space overlapping the hole 126c). It has become.
- the sealing part 130 can be configured by a thin plate-like member formed of a material having a lower heat insulating property than the heat insulating part 126, for example, stainless steel.
- the sealed portions 130 of the two sealed gas heaters 110 are integrally formed (see FIG. 2).
- the sealing portion 130 has a bent portion 130a extending in the surface direction of the back surface 120c (hereinafter simply referred to as “surface direction”) at the contact portion of the first radiation surface 120a with the back surface 120c.
- the bent portion 130a is joined to the back surface 120c of the heating plate 120 by welding or brazing. Therefore, gas leakage to the heat insulation part 126 side of the combustion chamber 128 is prevented or suppressed by the sealing part 130.
- the heat insulating portion 126 is not joined to any member that comes into contact, and the outer peripheral portion 126a and the bottom surface portion 126b of the heat insulating portion 126 are covered and supported by the sealing portion 130 from the opposite side of the combustion chamber 128. Yes.
- the heat insulating portion 126 is not joined to any member that comes into contact, the movement of the heat insulating portion 126 is restricted by the arrangement plate 122 or the sealing portion 130 so that there is no relative displacement from the sealing portion 130. Yes.
- the sealing portion 132 is a flat plate member disposed on the opposite side of the heating plate 120 from the first radiation surface 120a.
- the sealing portions 132 of the two hermetic gas heaters 110 are integrally formed (see FIG. 2).
- the sealing part 132 is fixed to the edge part of the extending direction (downward in FIG. 3A) of the outer wall part 120b of the heating plate 120 at a position away from the sealing part 130, and is a space between the sealing part 130 Further, a heat insulating material 134 such as wool having heat insulating properties is sealed.
- the main body container of the hermetic gas heater system 100 is formed by closing the hole 126c of the heating plate 120 with the sealing portion 132, and the upper and lower wall surfaces from the area of the outer peripheral surface (the outer surface of the outer wall portion 120b of the heating plate 120).
- the area of (the first radiation surface 120a of the heating plate 120 and the outer surface of the sealing portion 132) is larger. That is, the upper and lower wall surfaces occupy most of the outer surface of the main body container.
- the first piping portion 136 is a piping through which fuel gas flows
- the second piping portion 138 is a piping through which exhaust gas flows.
- the second piping unit 138 is disposed inside the first piping unit 136. That is, the first piping part 136 and the second piping part 138 form a double pipe at the connection part with the hermetic gas heater 110.
- the arrangement plate 122, the heat insulating portion 126, the sealing portion 130, and the sealing portion 132 are provided with through holes 122d, 126d, 130d, and 132d that penetrate them in the thickness direction.
- the through holes 122d, 126d, 130d, and 132d have a positional relationship in which they overlap each other in the center portions in the surface direction of the arrangement plate 122, the heat insulating portion 126, the sealing portion 130, and the sealing portion 132.
- the first piping part 136 is inserted through the through holes 122d, 126d, 130d, and 132d.
- the edge part of the 1st piping part 136 is fixed to the through-hole 122d of the arrangement
- a portion inserted through the through hole 130d of 130 is joined to the through hole 130d by welding or brazing.
- the partition plate 124 is provided with an exhaust hole 124b having a diameter smaller than that of the through hole 122d and penetrating in the thickness direction at a position overlapping the through hole 122d of the arrangement plate 122.
- the second piping part 138 is inserted into the exhaust hole 124b, and the end of the second piping part 138 is fixed to the exhaust hole 124b at a position that is flush with the surface on the first radiation surface 120a side of the partition plate 124. ing.
- the end of the second piping part 138 protrudes to the first radiation surface 120a side from the end of the first piping part 136 and is separated from the heating plate 120, and the partition plate 124 is located at the center side in the surface direction.
- the heating plate 120 and the arrangement plate 122 are separated from each other while maintaining a constant interval.
- the introduction part 140 is formed by a gap between the arrangement plate 122 and the partition plate 124 and communicates with the first piping part 136.
- the fuel gas passes through the first piping part 136 and flows into the introduction part 140 from the through hole 122d of the arrangement plate 122. That is, the through hole 122 d of the arrangement plate 122 is an inflow hole through which the fuel gas flows into the introduction part 140.
- the introduction unit 140 guides the fuel gas flowing in from the through hole 122 d (inflow hole) of the arrangement plate 122 radially toward the combustion chamber 128.
- the flow path on the outlet side (combustion chamber 128 side) of the introduction part 140 is divided into a plurality of parts by a protruding part 124 c arranged on the outer peripheral end part of the partition plate 124.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the protrusion 124 c, and shows a perspective view of the combustion chamber 128 and a cross-sectional view of members surrounding the combustion chamber 128.
- the heating plate 120 is removed and the outline of the hidden portion of the partition plate 124 is indicated by a broken line.
- the protrusions 124c are provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the partition plate 124, and a flow path 124d is formed between adjacent protrusions 124c.
- transducing part 140 and the combustion chamber 128 are connected by the flow path 124d by which the cross-sectional area of the communication part was narrowed.
- the interval between the adjacent protrusions 124c that is, the width of the flow path 124d becomes the representative dimension of the cross section of the flow path.
- the extinction distance d of the fuel gas is expressed by the size of the diameter of the tube wall model, and is obtained by the following mathematical formula 1.
- d 2 ⁇ ⁇ Nu 1/2 / (Cp ⁇ ⁇ u ⁇ Su) Equation 1
- Equation 1 ⁇ is the thermal conductivity
- Nu is the Nusselt number
- Cp is the constant pressure specific heat
- ⁇ u is the density of the fuel gas
- Su is the combustion rate. Since the width of the flow path 124d is designed to be equal to or less than the extinguishing distance d, stable combustion is possible in the combustion chamber 128.
- the fuel gas flowing into the combustion chamber 128 from the flow path 124d collides with the outer peripheral portion 126a in the combustion chamber 128 and temporarily stays there.
- the above ignition device is provided in the combustion chamber 128 of one of the two sealed gas heaters 110, and when the ignition device ignites the fuel gas introduced from the introduction unit 140, a fire transfer unit The fuel gas in the combustion chamber 128 of the other hermetic gas heater 110 is also ignited via the 102.
- the combustion gas flowing in from the inflow hole (the through hole 122d of the arrangement plate 122) burns. Combustion continues in both combustion chambers 128, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion is guided to the derivation unit 142.
- the lead-out part 142 is a flow path formed by a gap between the heating plate 120 and the partition plate 124 with the heating plate 120 and the partition plate 124 as side walls.
- the lead-out part 142 is continuous with the combustion chamber 128 and communicates with the second piping part 138, and collects exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 128 from the combustion chamber 128 to the center side in the surface direction, and a partition plate From the exhaust hole 124b of 124, it guide
- the heating plate 120 is heated from the back surface 120c of the first radiation surface 120a by the combustion heat in the combustion chamber 128 and the heat of the exhaust gas flowing through the combustion chamber 128 and the outlet portion 142. Then, the object to be fired is heated by the radiant heat from the first radiating surface 120a.
- the partition plate 124 is formed of a material that is relatively easy to conduct heat, the exhaust gas flowing through the outlet portion 142 conducts heat to the fuel gas flowing through the introduction portion 140 via the partition plate 124 (see FIG. 3B).
- the exhaust gas flowing through the lead-out portion 142 and the fuel gas flowing through the introduction portion 140 form a counterflow with the partition plate 124 interposed therebetween, so that the fuel gas is efficiently preheated with the heat of the exhaust gas. And high thermal efficiency can be obtained.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the second piping section 138 flows through the first piping section 136 through the second piping section 138, transfers heat to the fuel gas in the counterflow, and preheats.
- excess enthalpy combustion in which fuel gas is preheated in this way, combustion of fuel gas can be stabilized and the concentration of CO (carbon monoxide) generated by incomplete combustion can be suppressed to an extremely low concentration.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the continuous heating furnace 200, and shows a schematic diagram of a cross section parallel to the conveying direction of the workpiece W in the continuous heating furnace 200 and in the vertical direction.
- the continuous heating furnace 200 includes a transfer unit 210, a furnace body 212, a plurality of sealed gas heater systems 100, and a plurality of exhaust heat transfer units 214.
- the transport unit 210 includes, for example, a transport belt 210a such as a belt, a roller 210b that stretches and supports the transport belt 210a, a motor mechanism 210c having a gear and a motor, and the transport belt 210a is driven by the power of the motor mechanism 210c. It rotates and conveys the to-be-baked object W in the direction of the white arrow in FIG. Although this to-be-baked object W is mounted on the conveyance part 210 in FIG. 5, you may be suspended by the suspension mechanism (not shown) provided in the conveyance part 210, for example. Further, the transport band 210a may have, for example, a mesh structure so that the radiant heat from the hermetic gas heater system 100 or the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 disposed vertically below can be easily transferred to the workpiece W.
- the roller 210b supports a part of the transport band 210a from the vertically lower side in the furnace body 212.
- zone is comprised by a pair of net
- the furnace body 212 surrounds part or all of the transport band 210a and forms a firing space therein. Further, the sealed gas heater system 100 includes a first radiating surface in the furnace main body 212 with the first radiating surface 120a facing the conveying band 210a in the furnace main body 212 vertically above and vertically below the conveying unit 210. A plurality of 120a are arranged in parallel to the conveyance direction of the workpiece W (hereinafter, abbreviated as “conveyance direction”).
- the exhaust heat transfer section 214 is forward (right side in FIG. 5) and rear (left side in FIG. 5) in the conveying direction with respect to one sealed gas heater system 100 (sealed gas heater 110) in the furnace body 212. One is attached to each.
- the exhaust heat transfer section 214 has a second radiation surface 214 a that is heated by the exhaust gas and transfers radiant heat to the object to be fired W, and, like the sealed gas heater system 100, the second radiation surface 214 a is used as the furnace body 212.
- the second radiation surface 214a is arranged in parallel with the transport direction while facing the inner transport band 210a.
- FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the arrangement of the hermetic gas heater system 100 and the exhaust heat transfer section 214.
- FIG. 6 in order to facilitate understanding of the connection relationship between the exhaust heat transfer section 214 and the second piping section 138, a part of the first piping section 136 is omitted, and the flow of exhaust gas is indicated by a solid line arrow. Show.
- the hermetic gas heater system 100 has a width direction of the furnace body 212 (a direction perpendicular to the transport direction and horizontal, and indicated by a white double arrow in FIG. 6. (Abbreviated as “width direction”) is arranged in the direction in which the hermetic gas heater 110 is continuously provided.
- width direction a direction perpendicular to the transport direction and horizontal, and indicated by a white double arrow in FIG. 6.
- two sealed gas heater systems 100 are connected in the width direction. Accordingly, four sealed gas heaters 110 are juxtaposed in the width direction.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the heat flux from the two sealed gas heater systems 100 connected in the width direction to the workpiece W.
- the horizontal axis indicates the position in the width direction, and the vertical axis indicates the target heat flux.
- the integral value of the heat flux to the fired product W is shown.
- the heat flux becomes small at both ends in the width direction. This is due to heat radiation from both ends (left and right walls) of the furnace body 212 in the width direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the temperature distribution in the furnace body 212 is made uniform by imparting bias to the heat transfer from the exhaust heat transfer section 214 to the furnace body 212.
- the length in the width direction of the exhaust heat transfer section 214 is approximately equal to the sum of the lengths in the width direction of the two sealed gas heater systems 100.
- the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 communicates with the second piping unit 138 of the hermetic gas heater system 100 provided in the conveyance direction.
- the exhaust heat transfer section 214 has an exhaust hole 124b (see FIG. 3B) provided in the partition plate 124 of one of the hermetic gas heaters 110 of the two hermetic gas heaters 110 constituting the hermetic gas heater system 100. Communicated with.
- one second piping part 138 of the two sealed gas heater systems 100 connected in the width direction is provided in front of the sealed gas heater system 100 in the transport direction via the heat transfer promoting part 216.
- the other second piping part 138 communicates with the exhaust heat transfer part 214 provided on the rear side via the heat transfer promoting part 216.
- the furnace body 212 is provided with the same number of exhaust heat transfer portions 214 as the closed gas heater system 100, and the exhaust heat transfer portions 214 are connected to the second pipe portions 138 connected to the different closed gas heater systems 100. Communicate.
- the heat transfer promoting unit 216 is connected to the second piping unit 138 and includes an inflow passage 216 a through which the exhaust gas discharged from the second piping unit 138 flows into the exhaust heat transfer unit 214.
- the inflow channel 216 a is a channel formed by a pipe connecting the second pipe part 138 and the exhaust heat transfer part 214.
- the outlet of the inflow passage 216a extending from each hermetic gas heater system 100 on the exhaust heat transfer section 214 side is either the one end 214b side in the width direction or the other end 214c side of the second radiation surface 214a.
- the exhaust heat transfer section 214 provided in front of the transport direction and the exhaust heat transfer section 214 provided in the rear have an inflow path 216a.
- the positions of the outlets are reversed in the width direction. That is, in the two hermetic gas heater systems 100 connected in the width direction, the exhaust heat transfer section 214 includes an exhaust heat transfer section 214 provided in front of the conveyance direction and an exhaust heat transfer section 214 provided in the rear.
- the direction of the exhaust gas flowing inside is opposite in the width direction.
- the inflow channel 216a is positioned not perpendicular to the second radiation surface 214a but perpendicular to it. That is, the inflow channel 216a is connected to the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 perpendicular to the second radiation surface 214a. Therefore, the exhaust gas that has flowed into the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 from the heat transfer promotion unit 216 collides with the back side of the second radiation surface 214a. In other words, the heat transfer promoting unit 216 is at a position where the exhaust gas from the inflow passage 216a collides with the back side of the second radiation surface 214a.
- the exhaust gas collides with the back side of the second radiating surface 214a, thereby promoting heat transfer to the second radiating surface 214a.
- FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are diagrams for explaining the heat transfer promotion effect by the heat transfer promotion unit 216, and for the two exhaust heat transfer units 214 provided in the same hermetic gas heater system 100, the second radiation surface.
- the temperature distribution of 214a is shown respectively.
- the temperature distribution is indicated by gray shades, and the darker the gray (closer to black), the higher the temperature, and the lighter gray (closer to white), the lower the temperature.
- a portion A facing the inflow channel 216a is indicated by a white circle.
- the outlet of the inflow path 216a is arranged on the right side in the figure, and in FIG. 8B, the outlet of the inflow path 216a is arranged on the left side in the figure.
- the outlet side (heat transfer promoting part 216 side: exhaust gas inflow side) of the inflow passage 216a is on the opposite side (outflow of exhaust gas). The temperature is higher than the side part.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the heat flux from the two exhaust heat transfer portions 214 shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B to the object to be fired W.
- the horizontal axis indicates the position in the width direction, and the vertical axis indicates The integral value of the heat flux to the to-be-baked object W is shown.
- legend a is the integral value of the heat flux from the exhaust heat transfer section 214 shown in FIG. 8A
- legend b is the integral value of the heat flux from the exhaust heat transfer section 214 shown in FIG. 8B
- legend c is the legend a. The sum of integral values of the heat flux of b is shown.
- the integrated value of the heat flux from the exhaust heat transfer section 214 is large in the right side and small in the left side in FIG.
- the heat transfer promotion part 216 is arranged in FIG. 9, the left side is large and the right side is small.
- the sum of the integral values of the legends a and b is larger on both the right side and the left side in FIG.
- the heat transfer promoting unit 216 promotes heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface 214a on the one end 214b side or the other end 214c side in the direction perpendicular to the transport direction in the second radiation surface 214a.
- the heat transfer promoting portion 216 is provided on the end side in the width direction of the second radiation surface 214 a, that is, on the left and right wall sides of the furnace body 212. Therefore, the temperature rises at the end in the width direction of the second radiation surface 214a, and the heat radiation from the left and right walls of the furnace body 212 can be offset to make the temperature distribution in the furnace body 212 uniform. . Further, heat transfer from the second radiation surface 214a to both ends of the object to be fired W is promoted, and the object to be fired W can be uniformly heated.
- the position of the heat transfer promoting portion 216 (the outlet of the inflow passage 216a) in the exhaust heat transfer portion 214 is transferred between the one end 214b side and the other end 214c side in the width direction of the second radiation surface 214a.
- the exhaust heat transfer portions 214 arranged in the direction are alternately changed. Therefore, the left and right wall sides of the furnace body 212 can be heated uniformly.
- the sealed gas heater 110 is divided into a sealed gas heater system 100 (unit) composed of two sealed gas heaters 110, and includes an exhaust heat transfer section 214 for each sealed gas heater system 100.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 is individually measured, so that the exhaust gas exhausted from a plurality of hermetic gas heater systems is exhausted collectively as compared with the case of the hermetic gas heater.
- the system 100 can be easily identified.
- the maintenance of measuring and adjusting the mixing ratio of the air constituting the fuel gas and the city gas, etc., for each hermetic gas heater system 100 is facilitated.
- the hermetic gas heater system 100 and the exhaust heat transfer section 214 have a plurality of the first radiating surface 120a and the second radiating surface 214a opposed to the conveying band 210a in the furnace body 212 in the conveying direction. It is connected continuously. Since the pair of the sealed gas heater system 100 and the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 is arranged both vertically above and below the transport band 210a in the furnace body 212, the sealed gas heater system 100 and the exhaust heat transfer unit 214 In the sandwiched space, convection in the vertical direction is suppressed, the atmospheric temperature of the object to be fired W is maintained high, and the thermal efficiency is improved.
- FIG. 10A to 10C are views for explaining the exhaust heat transfer section 314 according to a modification of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A is a perspective view of the hermetic gas heater system 100 and the exhaust heat transfer section 314.
- 10B shows a cross section of the exhaust heat transfer section 314 along the X (b) -X (b) line in FIG. 10A
- FIG. 10C shows the exhaust heat transfer along the X (c) -X (c) line in FIG. 10A.
- the cross section of the part 314 is shown.
- a protrusion 316e (turbulent flow portion) that protrudes from the back side (back surface 314d) of the second radiation surface 314a to the opposite side of the second radiation surface 314a is provided in the exhaust heat transfer portion 314. It has been.
- the protrusion 316e is provided on the side of the back surface 314d of the second radiation surface 314a where the outlet of the inflow passage 316a is located.
- the position where the protrusion 316e is formed is indicated by hatching.
- the protrusion part 316e is not formed in the back surface 314d of the 2nd radiation surface 314a on the opposite side to the side in which the exit of the inflow path 316a is located, but it is a plane.
- the heat transfer promoting part 316 of the modified example is configured by, for example, the protruding part 316e and disturbs the flow of the exhaust gas flowing inside the exhaust heat transfer part 314, whereby the exhaust gas is transferred to the second radiation surface 314a. Promotes heat transfer.
- the protrusion 316e creates a turbulent flow in the exhaust gas flow inside the exhaust heat transfer section 314, and heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface 314a is promoted in the heat transfer promotion section 316. Further, heat transfer is promoted also in the portion where the protruding portion 316e is formed compared to the portion where the protruding portion 316e is not formed, because the surface area inside the flow channel with respect to the flow channel volume is increased. Therefore, as in the above-described embodiment, the temperature distribution in the furnace body 212 is made uniform, and further, heat transfer from the second radiation surface 314a to both ends of the object to be fired W is promoted, and the object to be fired W is made uniform. Can be heated.
- the hermetic gas heater 110 is not limited to the above-described configuration, and other hermetic gas heaters that can collect exhaust gas from the combustion chamber and supply it to the exhaust heat transfer unit, such as a radiant tube burner and a line burner, are used. May be.
- the heat transfer promotion unit 216 As an example of the heat transfer promotion unit 216, the case where the direction of the inflow passage 216a on the outlet side is perpendicular to the second radiation surface 214a has been described. However, even if the direction on the outlet side of the inflow passage 216a is not perpendicular to the second radiating surface 214a, it is sufficient that it is not parallel but inclined.
- the heat-transfer promotion part 316 produced a turbulent flow in the flow of exhaust gas by the protrusion part 316e (turbulent flow part) was demonstrated.
- a turbulent flow can be generated in the exhaust gas flow, a recess may be formed inside the exhaust heat transfer section 314 in the opposite direction to the protrusion 316e, or the heat transfer promoting section may be narrowed.
- a structure that improves the flow rate may be used as the heat transfer promoting portion.
- the heat transfer promotion unit 216 has a positional relationship between the inflow passage 216a and the second radiation surface 214a, and the heat transfer promotion unit 316 turbulently flows the exhaust gas.
- the case where the structure (protrusion 316e) is generated has been described.
- the heat transfer promoting portion may have any structure or positional relationship as long as heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface can be promoted on one end side or the other end side in the width direction.
- the sealed gas heater system 100 in which two sealed gas heaters 110 are connected in series is taken as an example.
- the sealed gas heater 110 is used alone.
- a sealed gas heater system in which three sealed gas heaters 110 are connected in series may be used.
- each of the plurality of hermetic gas heater systems 100 may be used. In that case, one exhaust heat transfer section is provided for each of the plurality of sealed gas heater systems 100.
- the calorific values in the width direction of the hermetic gas heater system 100 are arranged.
- the magnitude of the radiant heat from the two radiation surfaces 214a may be adjusted.
- the heating amount in the width direction during operation of the continuous heating furnace 200 can be easily and intentionally adjusted.
- the heat generation amounts of the two sealed gas heaters 110 can be intentionally nonuniform.
- a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve or an orifice is installed in a fuel gas supply pipe (see reference numeral 236 in FIG. 2) to the first piping part 136 of each hermetic gas heater 110. To do.
- the present invention can be used for a continuous heating furnace that burns fuel and heats an object to be fired.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年3月8日に日本に出願された特願2013-47305号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。 The present invention relates to a continuous heating furnace that burns fuel to heat an object to be fired.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-47305 for which it applied to Japan on March 8, 2013, and uses the content here.
あるいは、密閉式ガスヒータに対し、被焼成物の搬送方向の少なくとも前方または後方に複数の排気伝熱部が併設され、これら複数の排気伝熱部で、個々の排気伝熱部を加熱する排気ガスの流向が互いに逆になっていてもよい。 Moreover, with respect to the hermetic gas heater, an exhaust heat transfer unit is provided at the front and the rear in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired, and an exhaust heat transfer unit provided at the front in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired is provided at the rear. The flow direction of the exhaust gas that heats the exhaust heat transfer section may be reversed between the exhaust heat transfer section and the exhaust heat transfer section.
Alternatively, a plurality of exhaust heat transfer units are provided at least in front or rear in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired with respect to the hermetic gas heater, and the exhaust gas for heating individual exhaust heat transfer units by the plurality of exhaust heat transfer units. The flow directions may be opposite to each other.
図1は、密閉式ガスヒータシステム100の外観の例を示した斜視図であり、図2は、図1のII‐II線に沿った断面を示した斜視図である。本実施形態における密閉式ガスヒータシステム100は、都市ガス等と燃焼用酸化剤ガスとしての空気とが本体容器に供給される前に混合される予混合タイプとするが、かかる場合に限定されず、所謂、拡散燃焼を行う拡散タイプであってもよい。 (Sealed gas heater system 100)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the appearance of the hermetic
d=2λ・Nu1/2/(Cp・ρu・Su) …数式1 As shown in FIG. 4, the
d = 2λ · Nu 1/2 / (Cp · ρu · Su) Equation 1
すなわち、幅方向に連設された2つの密閉式ガスヒータシステム100では、搬送方向の前方に併設された排気伝熱部214と後方に併設された排気伝熱部214とで、排気伝熱部214の内部を流れる排気ガスの向きが、幅方向において逆となっている。 Further, the outlet of the
That is, in the two hermetic
また、突出部316eが形成されていない部位よりも突出部316eが形成されている部位の方が、流路体積に対する流路内部の表面積が大きくなることによっても伝熱が促進されている。そのため、上述した実施形態と同様、炉本体212内の温度分布を均一化し、さらに、第2輻射面314aから被焼成物Wの両端側への伝熱も促進され、被焼成物Wを均一に加熱することができる。 The
Further, heat transfer is promoted also in the portion where the protruding
この場合には、密閉式ガスヒータシステム100の反双方向の前方または後方に併設された2つの排気伝熱部214で、排気伝熱部214の内部を流れる排気ガスの向きが、幅方向において逆となる。 In the embodiment and the modification described above, the case where the exhaust
In this case, the direction of the exhaust gas flowing inside the exhaust
具体的な負荷調整機能としては、例えば個々の密閉式ガスヒータ110の第1配管部136への燃料ガスの供給管(図2における符号236参照)に、バルブやオリフィスのような流量調節機構を設置することが挙げられる。 By providing the load adjustment function, the heating amount in the width direction during operation of the
As a specific load adjusting function, for example, a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve or an orifice is installed in a fuel gas supply pipe (see
110 密閉式ガスヒータ
120a 第1輻射面
122d 貫通孔(流入孔)
124b 排気孔
128 燃焼室
142 導出部
200 連続加熱炉
210 搬送部
212 炉本体
214、314 排気伝熱部
214a、314a 第2輻射面
214b 一端
214c 他端
216、316 伝熱促進部
216a、316a 流入路
316e 突出部(乱流部) W To-
124b
Claims (6)
- 炉本体と、
前記炉本体内において、被焼成物を搬送する搬送部と、
燃料ガスを流入させる流入孔、流入孔から流入した燃料ガスが燃焼する燃焼室、燃焼室における燃焼によって生じた排気ガスが導かれる導出部、前記被焼成物の搬送方向と直交する方向に延び、前記燃焼室における燃焼または前記導出部を流通する排気ガスの熱によって加熱され前記被焼成物に輻射熱を伝熱する第1輻射面、第1輻射面を加熱した排気ガスが流出する排気孔、を有し、前記炉本体内に配された一または複数の密閉式ガスヒータと、
前記炉本体内に、前記被焼成物の搬送方向に沿って前記密閉式ガスヒータと併設するよう配置され、前記密閉式ガスヒータの排気孔と連通し、前記排気ガスによって加熱され前記被焼成物に輻射熱を伝熱する第2輻射面と、第2輻射面のうち、前記被焼成物の搬送方向と直交する方向の一端側または他端側において、前記排気ガスから前記第2輻射面への伝熱を促進する伝熱促進部と、を有する一または複数の排気伝熱部と、
を備える連続加熱炉。 A furnace body;
In the furnace body, a transport unit that transports the object to be fired,
An inflow hole through which fuel gas flows, a combustion chamber in which the fuel gas flowing in from the inflow hole burns, a lead-out portion to which exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber is guided, and a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the object to be fired, A first radiating surface that is heated by combustion in the combustion chamber or heat of exhaust gas flowing through the outlet, and that transmits radiant heat to the object to be fired, and an exhaust hole through which exhaust gas that heats the first radiating surface flows out. One or more hermetic gas heaters disposed in the furnace body;
In the furnace body, it is arranged so as to be provided with the hermetic gas heater along the conveying direction of the object to be fired, communicates with an exhaust hole of the hermetic gas heater, and is heated by the exhaust gas to radiate heat to the object to be fired. Heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the second radiation surface on one end side or the other end side of the second radiation surface in a direction orthogonal to the conveying direction of the workpiece. One or a plurality of exhaust heat transfer parts having a heat transfer promotion part for promoting
A continuous heating furnace. - 前記伝熱促進部は、前記第2輻射面に対して垂直または傾斜し、前記排気ガスが流入する流入路を含み、流入路からの前記排気ガスが前記第2輻射面の裏側に衝突するよう構成される請求項1に記載の連続加熱炉。 The heat transfer promoting part includes an inflow path through which the exhaust gas flows and is perpendicular or inclined with respect to the second radiation surface, so that the exhaust gas from the inflow path collides with the back side of the second radiation surface. The continuous heating furnace of Claim 1 comprised.
- 前記伝熱促進部は、前記排気伝熱部の内部を流れる前記排気ガスの流れを乱す乱流部で構成される請求項1に記載の連続加熱炉。 2. The continuous heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer promoting part is configured by a turbulent flow part that disturbs a flow of the exhaust gas flowing inside the exhaust heat transfer part.
- 前記密閉式ガスヒータに対し、前記被焼成物の搬送方向の前方と後方にそれぞれ前記排気伝熱部が併設され、前記被焼成物の搬送方向の前方に併設された前記排気伝熱部と後方に併設された前記排気伝熱部とで、前記排気伝熱部を加熱する排気ガスの流向が逆になっている請求項1に記載の連続加熱炉。 The exhaust heat transfer section is provided in front and rear in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired with respect to the hermetic gas heater, respectively, and behind the exhaust heat transfer section provided in front of the object in the conveyance direction of the object to be fired. The continuous heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein a flow direction of exhaust gas for heating the exhaust heat transfer section is reversed between the exhaust heat transfer section provided side by side.
- 前記密閉式ガスヒータに対し、前記被焼成物の搬送方向の少なくとも前方または後方に複数の前記排気伝熱部が併設され、これら複数の前記排気伝熱部で、個々の排気伝熱部を加熱する排気ガスの流向が互いに逆になっている請求項1に記載の連続加熱炉。 A plurality of the exhaust heat transfer units are provided at least in front of or behind the conveyance direction of the object to be fired with respect to the hermetic gas heater, and each of the exhaust heat transfer units heats each exhaust heat transfer unit. The continuous heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein the flow directions of the exhaust gas are opposite to each other.
- 複数の前記密閉式ガスヒータが密閉式ガスヒータシステムを構成し、この密閉式ガスヒータシステムが、一または複数の前記密閉式ガスヒータで構成されるユニットに分けられ、ユニット毎に前記排気伝熱部を備える請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の連続加熱炉。 A plurality of the sealed gas heaters constitute a sealed gas heater system, and the sealed gas heater system is divided into units each including one or a plurality of the sealed gas heaters, and each unit includes the exhaust heat transfer section. Item 6. The continuous heating furnace according to any one of Items 1 to 5.
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JP2015504414A JP6052393B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-03-07 | Continuous heating furnace |
CN201480011862.2A CN105026864B (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-03-07 | Continuous furnace |
EP14760668.5A EP2966390B1 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-03-07 | Continuous heating furnace |
KR1020157025806A KR101773922B1 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-03-07 | Continuous heating furnace |
US14/843,195 US9689613B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2015-09-02 | Continuous heating furnace |
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US14/843,195 Continuation US9689613B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2015-09-02 | Continuous heating furnace |
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JP (1) | JP6052393B2 (en) |
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JP2014173793A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-22 | Ihi Corp | Combustion heater |
US9982943B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2018-05-29 | Ihi Corporation | Continuous heating furnace |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105026864B (en) | 2016-11-23 |
KR101773922B1 (en) | 2017-09-01 |
KR20150122189A (en) | 2015-10-30 |
EP2966390B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
EP2966390A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
JPWO2014136938A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2966390A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
TWI498511B (en) | 2015-09-01 |
US20150377553A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
JP6052393B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
CN105026864A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
US9689613B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
TW201508226A (en) | 2015-03-01 |
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