WO2014127664A1 - 一种用于超/ 特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作方法 - Google Patents

一种用于超/ 特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014127664A1
WO2014127664A1 PCT/CN2013/089372 CN2013089372W WO2014127664A1 WO 2014127664 A1 WO2014127664 A1 WO 2014127664A1 CN 2013089372 W CN2013089372 W CN 2013089372W WO 2014127664 A1 WO2014127664 A1 WO 2014127664A1
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Prior art keywords
phase shifter
line
controllable phase
fault
circuit breaker
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PCT/CN2013/089372
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑彬
班连庚
项祖涛
宋瑞华
杨大业
杜宁
Original Assignee
国家电网公司
中国电力科学研究院
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Application filed by 国家电网公司, 中国电力科学研究院 filed Critical 国家电网公司
Publication of WO2014127664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127664A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power systems, and in particular relates to a controllable phase shifter for an ultra/high voltage line and an operation method thereof. Background technique
  • the line delivery power can be expressed by:
  • Ul and U2 are the amplitudes of the line terminals and the receiving voltage phasors, respectively, and ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the phase angles of the voltage phasors at both ends.
  • the power transmitted by the line can be changed by controlling the voltage, impedance and phase angle of the transmission line.
  • the phase shifter adjusts the active power of the line transmission by adjusting the phase angle.
  • Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the phase shifter after it is connected to the system. The actual line indicates the original power, and the dotted line indicates the adjusted power.
  • phase angle adjuster in the figure only changes the phase angle of the system voltage phasor without changing the magnitude of the voltage, and the voltage phasors of the end system and the transmitting end system are equal in size, ie
  • the power angle characteristic curve of the phase shifter can be obtained from the above equation, as shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen that after the phase shifter is installed in the system, its power angle characteristic has the following characteristics: 1) The value of the maximum transmission active power is not changed after the phase shifter is installed in the system; 2) the maximum transmission power corresponding to the phase shifter is installed in the system The power angle can be varied within a certain range.
  • phase shifter Since the phase shifter has the power angle characteristic shown in Fig. 2, it can be used to improve the transient stability limit of the system, dampen the oscillation of the system, and control the flow direction of the power flow on the power line in the event of system failure.
  • phase shifter In terms of phase angle adjustment, the phase shifter is divided into mechanical phase shifter (MPS, Mechanical Phase Shifter) and controllable phase shifter (TCPS, Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter). Mechanical phase shifter through mechanical tap or switch To adjust the phase angle, the controllable phase shifter realizes the phase angle adjustment by controlling the thyristor delay firing angle or the thyristor valve switching, wherein the former is continuous controllability and the latter is hierarchical control type.
  • MPS Mechanical Phase Shifter
  • TCPS Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter
  • the continuous control type controllable phase shifter continuously adjusts the amplitude of the compensation voltage by controlling the delay angle of the intergranular tube, so that the phase angle is continuously and smoothly adjusted.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the thyristor valve graded switching type controllable phase shifter refers to a thyristor valve group as a hierarchical switching switch, and each thyristor valve group is composed of one or more pairs of series-connected inverted parallel thyristors, and controls the conduction of the thyristor valve group. And turn off the discrete control of the compensation voltage and phase angle.
  • the secondary winding of the excitation transformer is often connected in series with a series of n-level windings or a 3 n winding with a turns ratio of 1:3:9...
  • the former uses a larger number of thyristors; the latter uses fewer thyristor valves, and the number of thyristor valves corresponding to each winding Different amounts, by controlling the turn-on and turn-off of each thyristor valve group, the step adjustment of 3 n+1 steps can be realized. As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
  • the phase shifter can be divided into three types: vertical, horizontal and oblique.
  • the longitudinal phase shifter is an additional potential that is connected to the line in the same or opposite phase as the input voltage to increase or decrease the amplitude of the voltage.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 6; the horizontal phase shifter is in the line.
  • a series of additional potentials that are ⁇ 90° out of phase with the input voltage can simultaneously adjust the voltage amplitude and phase.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 7.
  • the diagonal phase shifter is serialized and input in the line.
  • the voltage phase difference is not equal to the additional potential of 0°, ⁇ 90°, ⁇ 180°. It is characterized by flexible adjustment of the magnitude and phase of the voltage, and flexible control of the voltage.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 8.
  • the mechanical phase shifter has a simple structure and low cost, but the action speed is slow, and only the control of the power flow can be realized. It cannot function to improve the transient stability of the system and suppress the power oscillation, and the mechanical contact loss and The consumption of oil immersion, the daily maintenance workload and the high maintenance cost.
  • the continuous control type controllable phase shifter that controls the retardation firing angle of the intergranular tube has the following three disadvantages: 1) There is a phase difference between the fundamental component of the compensation voltage and the AC power supply; 2) There is a harmonic problem, which requires The output filter device is added to increase the cost of the device; 3) The thyristor firing angle is closely related to the load property, and the control is relatively complicated.
  • the controllable phase shifter of the thyristor valve switching mode can realize the stepwise adjustment of the phase shifting angle.
  • the control is relatively simple, no harmonic or phase shift is introduced, and no filtering device is needed.
  • the disadvantage is that when the classification is more, the number of thyristors required is higher. Many, the complexity of the thyristor valve structure and the cost increase a lot. Therefore, considering the practical application of engineering, at present, domestic and foreign related researches recommend that the controllable phase shifter adopts the intergranular tube grading switching method.
  • the lateral phase shifter can adjust the voltage and the phase of the voltage, but like the longitudinal phase shifter, the compensation voltage has only one degree of freedom. In some cases, It is also not flexible enough to adjust. If it is only necessary to change the phase of the voltage without changing the magnitude of the voltage, the lateral regulator is difficult to do. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a controllable phase shifter for an ultra/high voltage line and an operation method thereof, which realizes flexible and controllable adjustment of the power flow of the transmission line by using the phase shifter without changing the line voltage amplitude.
  • the value, and the operation mode, system and phase shifter's own over-voltage protection requirements under normal conditions such as normal charging, power failure and fault after the line-controlled phase shifter are provided, provide a solution for practical application of the project.
  • the invention provides a controllable phase shifter for a super/UHV line, wherein a three-phase super/UHV line is connected between the end side and the sending end side of the power grid, and each phase of the super/UHV line includes two groups.
  • the switches are respectively disposed on the receiving end side of the power grid and the power transmitting end side; each set of switches includes an isolating switch I, a circuit breaker I and an isolating switch ⁇ connected in series; the improvement is that a setting between the two sets of switches of each phase is Control phase shifter;
  • the controllable phase shifter comprises a series transformer, an excitation transformer, an intergranular tube valve group and a bypass switch; the series transformer is connected in series on each phase super/UHV line and connected to the excitation transformer; the thyristor valve The group is connected in parallel with the excitation transformer.
  • the bypass switch is connected in parallel with the series transformer.
  • controllable phase shifter comprises a circuit breaker ⁇ , a circuit breaker ⁇ , an isolating switch m and an isolating switch iv for power transmission and withdrawal of the phase shifter;
  • circuit breaker ⁇ and the isolating switch m are connected in series on the line side of the series transformer of the controllable phase shifter, and the circuit breaker m and the isolating switch IV are connected in series on the busbar side of the series transformer;
  • the primary side winding of the series transformer is divided into two sections, connected in series on the super/high voltage line, and the intermediate tap is connected with the primary side winding of the excitation transformer on the in-phase super/high voltage line; Times The side windings are connected in a delta to the secondary winding of the series transformer on the remaining two U/U high voltage lines.
  • the primary side winding of the excitation transformer is star-connected with the primary side winding of the excitation transformer on the remaining two-phase super/high voltage lines; the secondary side winding of the excitation transformer passes through the intergranular tube valve group and the remaining two phases The secondary winding of the excitation transformer on the super/UHV line is star-connected.
  • the secondary side of the excitation transformer adopts a series connection method in which the turns ratio is ⁇ ⁇ winding, or a series connection of turns of the odd-number/equal ratio series.
  • the intergranular tube valve group is arranged in parallel at both ends of each winding of the secondary side of the excitation transformer.
  • each of the thyristor valves comprises four sets of thyristor modules of a truss bridge structure
  • Each group of thyristor modules includes anti-parallel thyristors
  • the number of thyristors in the thyristor modules connected in parallel with the windings of each stage is ⁇ ⁇ , or is in equal / equal relationship.
  • controllable phase shifter comprises a circuit breaker, an isolating switch III and an isolating switch IV, which are used for power transmission and withdrawal of the phase shifter;
  • the circuit breaker ⁇ and the isolating switch m are connected in series on the line side of the series transformer of the controllable phase shifter, and the isolating switch IV is connected in series on the busbar side of the series transformer;
  • controllable phase shifter comprises a bypass switch, which is used for isolation outside the zone of the controllable phase shifter and after exiting or repairing the fault in the zone;
  • bypass switch When the bypass switch is in the normal position during operation, the bypass switch is closed when the controllable phase shifter needs to be isolated.
  • the controllable phase shifter includes a lightning arrester for limiting the line voltage.
  • the arresters are respectively disposed on the primary side high voltage end, the secondary side high voltage end, and the circuit breaker ⁇ on both sides of the excitation transformer.
  • the neutral points of the primary side and the secondary side of the excitation transformer are both grounded.
  • the present invention is based on another object of the operation of a controllable phase shifter for a super/ultra-high voltage line, the improvement being that the method comprises the steps of:
  • the control protection system monitors the controllable phase shifter in real time, and when a fault occurs, detects and eliminates the fault step;
  • the step of detecting and eliminating the fault according to the step (4) includes:
  • control protection system determines a fault area and a fault type
  • step 1) the fault area includes an area fault and an out-of-zone fault
  • the fault in the zone refers to a fault including a controllable phase shifter body and a range of the controllable phase shifter busbar side circuit breaker line side to the circuit breaker II;
  • the out-of-zone fault refers to a fault that occurs in a region other than the busbar side circuit breaker and the circuit breaker of the controllable phase shifter, including the failure of the line, the busbars on both sides, and the adjacent lines.
  • step b) when a single-phase fault occurs, close the bypass switch of the controllable phase shifter, and jump off the circuit breakers on both sides of the line fault phase, and then control the phase shifter to perform single-phase coincidence of the circuit breakers on both sides of the line
  • the operation method of the circuit breakers on both sides is consistent with the action logic when the line is not equipped with the controllable phase shifter.
  • the control protection system monitors the controllable phase shifter in real time, and when a fault occurs, detects and eliminates the fault step;
  • the step of detecting and eliminating the fault according to the step (9) includes:
  • control protection system determines a fault area and a fault type
  • the fault area includes an area fault and an out-of-zone fault
  • the fault in the zone refers to a fault that occurs in the range including the controllable phase shifter body and the line side of the controllable phase shifter busbar side circuit breaker to the circuit breaker II;
  • the out-of-zone fault refers to a fault that occurs in a region other than the busbar side circuit breaker and the circuit breaker ⁇ of the controllable phase shifter, including the fault of the line, the busbars on both sides, and the adjacent line.
  • step b) when a single-phase fault occurs, close the bypass switch of the controllable phase shifter, and jump off the circuit breakers on both sides of the line fault phase, and then control the phase shifter to perform single-phase coincidence of the circuit breakers on both sides of the line
  • the operation method of the circuit breakers on both sides is consistent with the action logic when the line is not equipped with the controllable phase shifter.
  • the circuit breaker I on both sides of the line where the phase shifter is located does not operate. Close the controllable phase shifter bypass switch to bypass the phase shifter, and then jump off the phase shifter bus.
  • the series circuit breaker ⁇ and series circuit breaker II on the side and line side cut off the phase shifter and then lock all the intergranular tubes of the controllable phase shifter.
  • the invention can be used for flexible discrete controllable adjustment of the ultra-high voltage transmission line power flow without changing the expected effect of the line voltage; by controlling the conduction and shutdown of the thyristor valve group of the secondary side winding of the excitation transformer
  • the sequence can realize the discrete adjustment of the positive and negative directions of the phase shifting angle, and the adjustment speed is fast, and harmonic problems are not generated.
  • the invention satisfies the operation convenience and the overvoltage protection requirement of the normal electrification and power failure operation conditions of the super/U high voltage transmission line when the controllable phase shifter is installed, and the different types of fault conditions of the phase shifter line.
  • the invention can reduce the complexity of the operation mode after the line is equipped with the controllable phase shifter, and reduce the adverse effects of the complicated operation after the line installation phase shifter on the normal power transmission of the line, and ensure the transmission system and the controllable movement.
  • the operation of the phaser body is safe and solves the engineering application requirements when installing the controllable phase shifter.
  • the invention only adds the circuit breaker II, the circuit breaker III, the isolating switch III, the isolating switch IV and the bypass switch, and sets its position, the number of equipment is small, the engineering equipment investment is low, the economy is good, and the cost is saved.
  • the thyristor of the invention adopts a grading operation, can realize the grading control of the phase shifting angle, meets the power flow adjustment requirements of different amplitudes, and has a simple control method of the grading switching mode, does not introduce harmonics or phase shift, and does not need to be installed.
  • the filtering device saves engineering investment and is convenient for practical engineering applications.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the phase angle adjuster after it is connected to the system.
  • Figure 2 shows the power angle characteristic of the phase shifter.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified wiring diagram of a thyristor continuous control type phase shifter.
  • FIG 4 is a simplified wiring diagram of the thyristor grading switching control type phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter is a n-stage series controllable phase shifter.
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified wiring diagram of the thyristor grading switching control type phase shifter, wherein the phase shifter is a 3 n -stage series controllable phase shifter.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of longitudinal phase shifting.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of lateral phase shifting.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the oblique phase shift.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a main circuit of a thyristor valve switching type controllable phase shifter for a super/UHV grid according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the fault range in the area of the super/U high voltage controllable phase shifter provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 Schematic diagram of the main circuit structure of the thyristor valve switching controllable phase shifter of the super/UHV grid. detailed description
  • Each phase of the super/UHV line includes two sets of switches respectively disposed on the receiving end side of the power grid and the power transmitting end side; the switch includes an isolating switch I, a circuit breaker I and an isolating switch ⁇ connected in series;
  • a thyristor valve switching type controllable phase shifter is shown in the block diagram of the main circuit structure of the controllable phase shifter.
  • controllable phase shifter As shown in Figure 9, the main components of the controllable phase shifter include series transformer, excitation transformer, thyristor valve group, circuit breaker ⁇ and its isolating switch, bypass switch and lightning arrester.
  • the situation and function of each component are as follows:
  • Series transformer The primary winding of the series transformer is divided into two sections, which are connected in series on the super/UHV line, and the intermediate tap is connected with the primary side winding of the excitation transformer on the in-phase super/high voltage line; the series transformer The secondary winding is triangularly connected to the secondary winding of the series transformer on the remaining two U/U high voltage lines. The neutral points on both the primary side and the secondary side are grounded.
  • Excitation transformer The primary side winding of the excitation transformer is star-connected with the primary winding of the excitation transformer on the other two-phase super/high voltage lines; the secondary winding of the excitation transformer passes through the intergranular valve group and the other two The secondary winding of the field transformer on the phase super/high voltage line is star-connected. The neutral point of the primary side and the secondary side of the excitation transformer are grounded.
  • the secondary side of the excitation transformer adopts a series connection method with a turns ratio of ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ is a positive integer greater than 1) or an odd-numbered winding.
  • Thyristor valve group The thyristor valve group is connected in parallel at the two ends of each layer of the secondary side of the excitation transformer.
  • the multi-level and positive and negative phase shifting is realized by controlling the thyristor conduction and shutdown modes.
  • the number of thyristor valves of each winding is 1: 2: 4: 8.
  • Each phase controllable phase shifter includes a circuit breaker II and two isolating switches III and IV for power transmission and withdrawal of the controllable phase shifter.
  • the circuit breaker ⁇ and one isolating switch III are installed on the line side of the series controllable phase shifter, and the other isolating switch IV is mounted on the busbar side of the series transformer.
  • the circuit breaker ⁇ and its two isolating switches are in position, and when the controllable phase shifter exits normally or exits due to the main body failure, it must be realized by disconnecting the circuit breaker ⁇ and its two isolation switches; II is also used for the closed loop operation when the controllable phase shifter line is powered;
  • Arrester Install the ET-second-side three-phase winding high-voltage end, the secondary side winding high-voltage end, and the circuit breaker ⁇ on both sides to limit the operating overvoltage at each position.
  • Bypass switch Used for isolation after exiting or repairing the fault outside the zone of the controllable phase shifter.
  • the bypass switch is in the normal position during the operation, and the controllable phase shifter needs to be isolated when the fault occurs or the maintenance is over. , Close the bypass switch.
  • the bypass switch of this embodiment is connected in parallel with the series transformer and the circuit breaker ⁇ on the super/high voltage line of any phase, which can be realized by a circuit breaker.
  • this embodiment proposes that when the controllable phase shifter is installed at the line sending end, the sending end line circuit breaker needs to be used to perform the operation of the controllable phase shifter under different working conditions.
  • the operation method of the super/U high voltage controllable phase shifter proposed in this embodiment includes two types of normal and fault working conditions:
  • Normal working conditions It is divided into normal live operation and normal power failure operation.
  • the controllable phase shifter circuit breaker II is connected to the synchronous ring, and the phase of the controllable phase shifter is operated with the phase shifter. (It is necessary to detect the voltage difference between the two sides of the circuit breaker operating point and whether the phase angle difference satisfies the setting value of the synchronous ring device installed in the circuit breaker. If it is satisfied, it can be closed normally, so that the line is connected with the load flow. If not satisfied, the circuit breaker does not close)
  • Fault conditions are classified into zone faults and out-of-zone faults.
  • the fault in the zone refers to the fault of the controllable phase shifter body and the circuit breaker side of the controllable phase shifter busbar side to the circuit breaker ;
  • the out-of-zone fault refers to the controllable phase shifter busbar side breaker and open circuit Faults occurring in areas other than the device, including the line, the busbars on both sides, and adjacent lines, as shown in Figure 12.
  • controllable phase shifter circuit breaker When the line of the controllable phase shifter or the adjacent line has an out-of-zone fault, the controllable phase shifter circuit breaker does not operate, close the bypass switch of the controllable phase shifter, and the line of the controllable phase shifter The circuit breakers on both sides are rectified, and the protection action logic of the line where the controllable phase shifter is located is the same as when the phase shifter is not installed;
  • Each phase of the super/UHV line includes two sets of switches respectively disposed on the receiving end side of the power grid and the power transmitting end side; the switch includes an isolating switch I, a circuit breaker I and an isolating switch ⁇ connected in series;
  • a thyristor valve switching type controllable phase shifter is shown in the block diagram of the main circuit structure of the controllable phase shifter.
  • controllable phase shifter As shown in Figure 13, the main components of the controllable phase shifter include series transformer, excitation transformer, thyristor valve group, circuit breaker II, circuit breaker III and its isolation switch III, isolation switch IV, bypass switch, and lightning arrester.
  • the conditions and functions of each component are as follows:
  • Series transformer The primary winding of the series transformer is divided into two sections, which are connected in series on the super/UHV line, and the intermediate tap is connected with the primary side winding of the excitation transformer on the in-phase super/high voltage line; the series transformer The secondary winding is triangularly connected to the secondary winding of the series transformer on the remaining two U/U high voltage lines. The neutral points on both the primary side and the secondary side are grounded.
  • Excitation transformer The primary side winding of the excitation transformer is star-connected with the primary winding of the excitation transformer on the other two-phase super/high voltage lines; the secondary winding of the excitation transformer passes through the intergranular valve group and the other two The secondary winding of the field transformer on the phase super/high voltage line is star-connected. The neutral point of the primary side and secondary side of the excitation transformer are grounded.
  • the secondary side of the excitation transformer uses a turns ratio of Kn (K is a positive integer greater than 1) windings in series or odd-numbered turns.
  • Thyristor valve group The thyristor valve group is connected in parallel on both ends of each layer of the secondary side of the excitation transformer, and the multi-level and positive and negative phase shifting is realized by controlling the thyristor conduction and shutdown modes.
  • 220kV ⁇ 765kV is ultra-high voltage on the super/UHV transmission line, and the UHV installation is controllable above 765kV.
  • the phase shifter since the phase shifter is connected in series in the line, it is necessary to combine the normal injection and retreat of the controllable phase shifter and its line, and different types of faults, and formulate a reasonable operation mode and overvoltage protection strategy to solve the installation.
  • Each phase controllable phase shifter includes a circuit breaker II, an isolating switch III and a circuit breaker III, an isolating switch IV, for power transmission and withdrawal of the controllable phase shifter .
  • the circuit breaker ⁇ and one isolating switch are installed on the line side of the series transformer of the controllable phase shifter, and the other circuit breaker m and the isolating switch IV are installed on the busbar side of the series transformer. In normal operation, the circuit breaker ⁇ and its two isolation switches are in the same position.
  • Arrester Install the ET-second-side three-phase winding high-voltage end, the secondary side winding high-voltage end, and the circuit breaker ⁇ on both sides to limit the operating overvoltage at each position.
  • bypass switch Used for isolation after exiting or overhauling the fault outside the zone of the controllable phase shifter. In normal operation, the bypass switch is in the positional position, and it needs to be isolated during fault or overhaul. When controlling the phase shifter, close the bypass switch.
  • the bypass switch of this embodiment is connected in parallel with the series transformer and the circuit breaker ⁇ on the super/high voltage line of any phase, which can be realized by a circuit breaker.
  • this embodiment proposes that when the controllable phase shifter is installed at the line sending end, the sending end line circuit breaker needs to be used to perform the operation of the controllable phase shifter under different working conditions.
  • the operation method of the super/U high voltage controllable phase shifter proposed in this embodiment includes two types of normal and fault working conditions:
  • Normal working conditions It is divided into normal live operation and normal power failure operation.
  • Fault conditions are classified into zone faults and out-of-zone faults.
  • the fault in the zone refers to the fault that includes the controllable phase shifter body and the range of the controllable phase shifter busbar side circuit breaker to the line side circuit breaker II;
  • the out-of-zone fault refers to the controllable phase shifter busbar side circuit breaker ⁇
  • the failure of the area other than the line side circuit breaker II including the line The road, the busbars on both sides, and the adjacent lines fail, as shown in Figure 12.
  • a controllable phase shifter is implemented by a control protection system configured by a controllable phase shifter.
  • the control protection system is part of the control unit of the controllable phase shifter device and is responsible for the transmission and execution of measurement, monitoring, protection and control strategies.

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Abstract

一种用于超/特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作方法。每相超/特高压线路上包括两组开关,分别设置于电网受端侧和电网送端侧。每组开关包括串联的隔离开关I、断路器I和隔离开关II。两组开关之间设置可控移相器。可控移相器包括串联变压器、励磁变压器、晶闸管阀组和旁路开关。串联变压器串联在每相超/特高压线路上,并与励磁变压器连接。旁路开关与串联变压器并联,晶闸管阀组与励磁变压器并联。通过控制可控移相器实现输电线路潮流灵活可控调节且不改变线路电压幅值、并满足线路装设可控移相器后的正常带电、停电及故障等不同工况下的操作方式、系统及移相器自身过电压保护要求。

Description

一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力系统领域,具体涉及一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作 方法。 背景技术
近些年来,现代工业对电能的要求以及电力的市场化要求对电力系统中一些线路的 运行情况进行灵活的调控; 同时飞速发展的 FACTS (柔性交流输电系统) 也使之成为可 能。 对于输电系统而言, 线路输送功率可由下式表示:
P = £ sin g g )
X (公式 1 )
Ul、 U2分别为线路送端、 受端电压相量的幅值, δ1、 δ2分别为两端电压相量的相 角。 从上式可以看出, 通过控制输电线路的电压, 阻抗以及相角就可以改变线路传输的 功率。移相器为通过调节相角来实现对线路传输有功功率的调节。 图 1为移相器接入系 统后的原理图, 其实线表示原有的功率, 虚线表示调节后的功率。
假定图中的相角调节器只改变系统电压相量的相角而不改变电压的大小,且受端系 统与送端系统的电压相量大小相等, 即
(公式 2) 且 υ^ = υΰ = υσ =υ (公式 3 ) 因此可以得到图 2所示系统的功角特性为:
Ρ =— ήη(δ- (公式 4) X
- cos(S - σ)] (公式 5 ) X 1
由上面式子可以得到移相器的功角特性曲线, 如图 2所示。 可见, 系统中安装移相 器后, 其功角特性具有如下特点: 1 ) 系统安装移相器后不会改变最大传输有功功率的 数值; 2) 系统安装移相器后其最大传输功率对应的功角可在一定的范围之内变化。
由于移相器具有图 2所示的功角特性, 因此在系统故障时可以用于提高系统的暂态 稳定极限、 阻尼系统振荡、 控制输电线上潮流的流向等。
从相角调节方式上来说,移相器分为机械式移相器(MPS, Mechanical Phase Shifter) 和可控移相器 (TCPS, Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter) 机械式移相器通过机械分接 头或开关来调整相角,可控移相器则通过控制晶闸管延迟触发角或晶闸管阀投切来实现 相角调节, 其中前者为连续控制性, 后者为分级控制型。
目前一些地区已在 110〜500kV超高压电压电网中应用多台移相器,且均为机械式移 相器。
连续控制型可控移相器通过控制晶间管延迟触发角, 使得补偿电压幅值连续变化, 从而实现对相角的连续平滑调节, 其原理图如图 3所示。
晶闸管阀分级投切型可控移相器是指以晶闸管阀组为分级切换开关,每个晶闸管阀 组由一对或多对串接的反相并联晶闸管组成, 通过控制晶闸管阀组的导通、 关断实现对 补偿电压、相角的离散控制。 目前励磁变压器二次侧绕组经常采用接线方式为 n级绕组 串联或匝数比为 1 : 3: 9...的 3n绕组串联方式。 两者相比, 若实现相同调节级数, 前者 使用的晶闸管数量多; 后者使用的晶闸管阀则相比更少, 其每级绕组对应的晶闸管阀数 量不同, 通过控制各晶闸管阀组的导通、 关断可以实现 3n+1个级差的分级调节。 如图 4 和图 5所示。
从电压幅值和相角的调节效果方面来说, 移相器可分为纵向、 横向和斜向三种。 纵 向移相器是在线路中串入与输入电压相同或反相的附加电势, 以增大或减小电压的幅 值, 其原理图如图 6所示; 横向移相器则是在线路中串入与输入电压在相位上相差 ±90° 的附加电势, 可同时实现对电压幅值和相位的调节, 其原理图如图 7所示; 斜向移相器 是在线路中串入与输入电压相位差不等于 0°、 ±90°、 ±180°的附加电势, 其特点是可以 灵活地调节电压的大小和相位, 做到对电压的灵活控制, 其原理图如图 8所示。
就移相器自身而言, 目前的机械式移相器存在以下不足:
( 1 ) 机械式移相器结构简单, 造价低, 但动作速度慢, 只能实现对潮流的控制, 无法对提高系统暂态稳定性、抑制功率振荡起到作用, 并且由于机械触头损耗及浸油的 消耗, 日常维护工作量大、 维护费用高。
(2) 控制晶间管延迟触发角的连续控制型可控移相器存在以下三个缺点: 1 ) 补 偿电压的基波分量与交流电源之间有相位差; 2) 存在谐波问题, 需要加装输出滤波装 置, 提高了设备造价; 3 ) 晶闸管触发角与负载性质密切相关, 控制相对复杂。 晶闸管 阀投切方式的可控移相器可以实现移相角度的分级调节, 控制相对简单, 不会引入谐波 或相移, 无需加装滤波装置, 缺点为分级较多时, 需要的晶闸管数量较多, 晶闸管阀结 构的复杂性和成本增加很多。 因此从工程实际应用角度考虑, 目前国内外相关研究均推 荐可控移相器采用晶间管分级投切方式。
(3 ) 与斜向移相器相比, 横向移相器既可以调节电压的大小也可以调节电压的相 位, 但与纵向移相器一样, 其补偿电压只有一个自由度, 在某些情况下调节起来也不够 灵活。 如果只需要改变电压的相位而不希望改变电压的大小, 横向调节器就难以做到。 发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提出一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器及其操作方 法, 实现利用移相器对输电线路潮流进行灵活可控调节且不改变线路电压幅值, 并且满 足线路装设可控移相器后的正常带电、停电及故障等不同工况下的操作方式、 系统及移 相器自身过电压保护要求, 为工程实际应用提供了解决方案。
本发明提供的一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器, 三相超 /特高压线路连接于电 网受端侧和送端侧之间,每相超 /特高压线路上包括两组开关,分别设置于电网受端侧和 电网送端侧; 每组开关包括串联的隔离开关 I、 断路器 I和隔离开关 Π; 其改进之处在 于, 在每相的两组开关之间设置可控移相器;
所述可控移相器包括串联变压器、 励磁变压器、 晶间管阀组和旁路开关; 所述串联 变压器串联在每相超 /特高压线路上,并与所述励磁变压器连接;所述晶闸管阀组与所述 励磁变压器并联。
所述旁路开关与所述串联变压器并联。
其中, 所述可控移相器包括断路器 π、 断路器 πι、 隔离开关 m和隔离开关 iv, 用 于移相器的送电与退出;
断路器 Π及隔离开关 m串联在可控移相器串联变压器的线路侧,断路器 m及隔离 开关 IV串联在串联变压器的母线侧;
一可控移相器正常退出或因故障退出时, 均断开断路器 π、 断路器 πι、 隔离开关 m 和隔离开关 IV。
其中, 所述串联变压器的一次侧绕组分为两段, 串联在超 /特高压线路上, 且中间抽 头与同相超 /特高压线路上的所述励磁变压器的一次侧绕组连接;所述串联变压器的二次 侧绕组与其余两项超 /特高压线路上的串联变压器的二次侧绕组呈三角形连接。
其中,所述励磁变压器的一次侧绕组与其余两相超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压器的一 次侧绕组呈星形连接;所述励磁变压器的二次侧绕组通过晶间管阀组与其余两相超 /特高 压线路上的励磁变压器的二次侧绕组呈星形连接。
其中, 所述励磁变压器二次侧采用匝数比为 κη绕组串联方式, 或采用等差 /等比数 列匝数绕组串联。
其中, 所述励磁变压器二次侧的每级绕组两端均并联设置晶间管阀组。
其中, 所述每组晶闸管阀包括 Η桥结构的四组晶闸管模块;
每组晶闸管模块包括反并联的晶闸管;
各级绕组并联的晶闸管模块中晶闸管的个数比为 Κη, 或成等差 /等比关系。
其中, 所述可控移相器包括一台断路器 Π隔离开关 III和隔离开关 IV, 用于移相器 的送电与退出;
断路器 Π及隔离开关 m串联在可控移相器串联变压器的线路侧,隔离开关 IV串联 在串联变压器的母线侧;
可控移相器正常退出或因故障退出时, 均断开断路器 π、 隔离开关 m和隔离开关
IV。
其中, 所述可控移相器包括旁路开关, 用于可控移相器区外、 区内故障后退出或检 修时的隔离;
正常运行时旁路开关在分位, 需要隔离可控移相器时, 旁路开关闭合。
其中, 所述可控移相器包括避雷器, 用于限制过线路电压。
其中, 所述避雷器分别设置在励磁变压器一次侧高压端、 二次侧高压端和断路器 Π 两侧。
其中, 所述串联变压器的一次侧和二次侧的中性点均接地;
所述励磁变压器的一次侧和二次侧的中性点均接地。
本发明基于另一目的提供的一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器的操作方法,其改 进之处在于, 所述方法包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 合闸可控移相器母线侧断路器, 对空载移相器充电;
(2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的另一侧断路器, 对空载线路充电;
( 3 ) 合间可控移相器的断路器 II, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带移相器 合环运行。
(4 ) 控制保护系统实时监测可控移相器, 当出现故障时, 进行检测并消除故障步 骤;
( 5 )用户设定退出可控移相器时, 断开可控移相器断路器 II, 线路带移相器解环;
( 6) 断开可控移相器所在线路另一侧断路器, 切除空载线路;
( 7) 断开可控移相器母线侧断路器, 切除空载移相器。
其中, 步骤 (4) 所述检测并消除故障步骤包括:
1 ) 所述控制保护系统判断故障区域和故障类型;
2) 根据故障区域和故障类型进行相应动作。
其中, 步骤 1 ) 所述故障区域包括区内故障和区外故障;
所述区内故障是指包括可控移相器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器线路侧至断 路器 II范围发生的故障;
所述区外故障是指可控移相器母线侧断路器及断路器 Π之外的区域发生的故障,包 括线路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况。
其中, 对于区外故障, 包括: a)可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 Π不动作, 由移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器动作切除故障;
b) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳 开线路故障相两侧断路器; 或 /和
c) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路 开关, 并跳开线路两侧三相断路器。
其中, 步骤 b) 发生单相故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线路故障相 两侧断路器, 然后可控移相器进行线路两侧断路器的单相重合闸操作, 两侧断路器的操 作方法与线路未装设可控移相器时的动作逻辑一致。
其中, 对于区内故障, 包括:
可控移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 且可控移相器 母线侧断路器和断路器 Π均三相跳闸, 将故障切除。
本发明再一目的在于提供了一种提供的一种可控移相器的操作方法, 包括如下步 骤:
1 ) 合间可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的一侧断路器 I, 对空载线路充电;
3 )合闸可控移相器线路另一侧的断路器 I, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带 移相器合环运行;
4)合闸可控移相器母线侧串联断路器的隔离开关 IV, 然后合闸串联断路器 III, 对 空载移相器充电;
5 ) 触发晶闸管阀组, 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
6) 合闸可控移相器线路侧串联断路器的隔离开关 III, 然后合闸串联断路器 Π;
7) 断开可控移相器旁路开关, 将移相器接入合环运行线路中;
8 ) 按照目标要求, 将可控移相器调节至相应档位, 断开可控移相器各级绕组并联 的旁路断路器。
9)控制保护系统实时监测可控移相器, 当出现故障时, 进行检测并消除故障步骤;
10) 用户设定退出可控移相器时, 按照如下步骤执行:
a) 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
b) 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
c) 断开可控移相器线路侧串联断路器 II, 然后断开其隔离开关 III, 将移相器与线 路解开;
d)断开可控移相器母线侧串联断路器 III, 然后断开其隔离开关 IV, 切除空载移相 器;
e) 线路不带移相器正常合环运行。
其中, 步骤 (9) 所述检测并消除故障步骤包括:
1 ) 所述控制保护系统判断故障区域和故障类型;
2) 根据故障区域和故障类型进行相应动作。
其中, 所述故障区域包括区内故障和区外故障;
所述区内故障是指包括可控移相器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器线路侧至断 路器 II 范围发生的故障;
所述区外故障是指可控移相器母线侧断路器及断路器 Π 之外的区域发生的故障, 包括线路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况。
其中, 对于区外故障, 包括:
a)可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 Π不动作, 由移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器根据线路保护动作切除故障, 并合上可控移相器旁 路开关将移相器旁路;
b) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两侧故障相断 路器, 然后合上移相器三相旁路开关将其旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁; 或 /和
c) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两 侧三相断路器, 并将可控移相器三相旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁。
其中, 步骤 b) 发生单相故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线路故障相 两侧断路器, 然后可控移相器进行线路两侧断路器的单相重合闸操作, 两侧断路器的操 作方法与线路未装设可控移相器时的动作逻辑一致。
其中, 对于区内故障, 包括:
可控移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 移相器所在线路两侧断路器 I不动作, 合上 可控移相器旁路开关将移相器旁路, 然后跳开移相器母线侧和线路侧的串联断路器 ΠΙ 和串联断路器 II, 将移相器切除, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁。
与现有技术比, 本发明的有益效果为:
1、 本发明可以用于对超 /特高压输电线路潮流进行灵活离散可控调节, 并且不改变 线路电压的预期效果; 通过控制励磁变压器二次侧各级绕组晶闸管阀组的导通、 关断顺 序可以实现对移相角度的正、 反双方向分级离散调节, 调节速度快, 且不会产生谐波问 题。
2、 本发明满足超 /特高压输电线路装设可控移相器时在正常带电、 停电操作工况, 以及移相器线路发生不同类型故障工况下的操作便捷性及过电压保护需求。
3、 本发明可以降低线路装设可控移相器后的操作方式复杂程度, 并降低线路装设 移相器后的复杂操作对线路正常送电造成的不利影响,确保输电系统及可控移相器本体 的运行安全, 解决装设可控移相器时的工程应用需求。
4、 本发明仅增加断路器 II、 断路器 III、 隔离开关 III、 隔离开关 IV和旁路开关, 并且设定其位置, 设备数量少, 工程设备投资低, 经济性好, 节省成本。
5、 本发明的操作步骤简单, 操控灵活。
6、 本发明的晶闸管采用分级操作, 可以实现对移相角度的分级控制, 满足不同幅 度的潮流调节要求, 且分级投切方式的控制方法简单, 不会引入谐波或相移, 无需加装 滤波装置, 节省工程投资, 便于实际工程应用。 附图说明
图 1为相角调节器接入系统后的原理图。
图 2 为移相器的功角特性曲线。
图 3为晶闸管连续控制型移相器简化接线图。
图 4 为晶闸管分级投切控制型移相器简化接线图一,其中移相器为 n级串联的可控 移相器。
图 5为晶闸管分级投切控制型移相器简化接线图二,其中移相器为 3n级串联的可控 移相器。
图 6为纵向移相的原理图。
图 7为横向移相的原理图。
图 8为斜向移相的原理图。
图 9为本发明提供的超 /特高压电网晶闸管阀投切式可控移相器主电路结构示意图。 图 10为本发明提供的可控移相器晶闸管阀组结构示意图一, 其为 3n绕组方式下晶 闸管阀组结构 (k=3 )。
图 11为本发明提供的可控移相器晶闸管阀组结构示意图二, 其为 3n绕组方式下晶 闸管阀组结构 (n=2)。
图 12为本发明提供的超 /特高压可控移相器区内、 区外故障范围示意图。
图 13超 /特高压电网晶闸管阀投切式可控移相器主电路结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
实施例 1
本实施例的可控移相器主电路结构及操作策略设计方案的构思如下:
( 1 ) 基于对不同调节效果、 不同调试方式移相器的性能的分析比较, 确定采取晶 闸管阀投切式斜向可控移相器, 提出移相器加入串联变压器、 励磁变压器的接线方式;
(2) 根据可控移相器的分级数量要求确定 Kn中的 K值, 即明确采用的励磁变压 器二次侧绕组匝数比及晶闸管阀组结构;
(3 ) 根据可控移相器在线路上的装设位置确定断路器 II及其两台隔离开关的装设 位置以及各保护用 ΜΟΑ的装设位置;
(4) 根据 (1 ) 〜 (3 ) 确定超 /特高压线路可控移相器的主电路结构;
(5 ) 根据可控移相器在线路上的装设位置确定可控移相器的区内、 区外故障区域 范围;
(6) 根据线路上装设可控移相器后可能出现的线路及可控移相器带电、 停电正常 操作工况, 以及可能发生的线路故障, 提出不同工况下对可控移相器所在线路保护及两 侧断路器, 以及可控移相器的断路器 Π及其隔离开关等开关元件的操作策略;
(7) 基于 (5 ) 〜 (6) 提出超 /特高压线路上装设可控移相器的整体操作策略。 本实施例为实现上述的方案, 提出的一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器, 如图 9 所示, 三相超 /特高压线路连接于电网受端和送端之间, 每相超 /特高压线路上包括两组 开关, 分别设置于电网受端侧和电网送端侧; 所述开关包括串联的隔离开关 I、 断路器 I和隔离开关 Π; 其线路送端装设一台晶闸管阀投切型可控移相器, 图中方框中所示为 可控移相器的主电路结构示意图。
如图 9所示, 可控移相器主要元件包括串联变压器、 励磁变压器、 晶闸管阀组、 断 路器 Π及其隔离开关、 旁路开关、 避雷器。 各元件的情况及功用如下:
1、 串联变压器: 串联变压器的一次侧绕组分为两段, 串联在超 /特高压线路上, 且 中间抽头与同相超 /特高压线路上的所述励磁变压器的一次侧绕组连接;所述串联变压器 的二次侧绕组与其余两项超 /特高压线路上的串联变压器的二次侧绕组呈三角形连接。其 一次侧和二次侧的中性点均接地。
2、 励磁变压器: 励磁变压器的一次侧绕组与其余两相超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压 器的一次侧绕组呈星形连接;所述励磁变压器的二次侧绕组通过晶间管阀组与其余两相 超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压器的二次侧绕组呈星形连接。励磁变压器的一次侧和二次侧 的中性点均接地。励磁变压器的二次侧采用匝数比为 Κη (Κ为大于 1的正整数)绕组串 联方式或奇次比例匝数绕组。
3、 晶闸管阀组: 晶闸管阀组并联在励磁变压器二次侧的每层绕组两端, 通过控制 晶闸管导通和关断方式来实现多级及正、反两方向的移相。每组晶闸管阀包括 Η桥结构 的四组晶闸管模块; 每组晶闸管模块包括反并联的晶闸管, 其中每层设置的晶闸管模块 中晶闸管的个数比为 Κη (Κ为大于 1的正整数, η=1,2,3...。 图 10所示为 k=3, n=2时 的晶闸管阀结构示意图, 各级绕组的晶闸管阀数量为 1 : 3: 9, 图 11所示对应 k=2, n=3 时的晶闸管阀组结构, 各级绕组的晶闸管阀数量为 1 : 2: 4: 8。
在超 /特高压输电线路上 220kV〜765kV为超高压, 765kV以上为特高压装设可控移 相器时, 由于移相器串联在线路中, 因此需要结合可控移相器及其所在线路的正常投、 退以及不同类型故障, 制定合理的操作方式及过电压保护策略, 解决装设可控移相器时 的工程应用需求。
4、断路器 II及其隔离开关: 每相可控移相器包括一台断路器 II和两台隔离开关 III 和 IV, 用于可控移相器的送电与退出。 断路器 Π及一台隔离开关 III装设在可控移相器 串联变压器的线路侧, 另一台隔离开关 IV装设在串联变压器的母线侧。 正常运行时, 断路器 Π及其两台隔离开关在合位, 可控移相器正常退出或因本体故障退出时,均需通 过断开断路器 Π及其两台隔离开关来实现; 断路器 II还用于可控移相器线路送电时的 合环操作;
5、避雷器: 分别装设 ET—次侧三相绕组高压端、 二次侧各级绕组高压端, 以及断 路器 Π两侧, 用于限制各位置上的操作过电压。
6、 旁路开关: 用于可控移相器区外、 区内故障后退出或检修时的隔离, 正常运行 时旁路开关在分位, 发生故障或检修时需要隔离可控移相器时, 闭合旁路开关。 本实施 例的旁路开关在任意一相的超 /特高压线路上与串联变压器和断路器 Π并联, 其可采用 断路器实现。
对应的, 本实施例提出在线路送端装设可控移相器时, 其送端线路断路器需用来执 行不同工况下对可控移相器的操作。
本实施例提出的超 /特高压可控移相器的操作方法, 包括正常及故障两种类型工况:
( 1 ) 正常工况: 分为正常带电操作及正常停电操作。
对于正常带电操作, 按照如下策略执行:
1 ) 合闸可控移相器母线侧断路器, 对空载可控移相器 (空载变压器) 充电;
2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的另一侧断路器, 对空载线路充电;
3 ) 合间可控移相器断路器 II, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带移相器合环 运行。 (其需要检测断路器合环操作点两侧的电压差、 相角差是否满足断路器所装设的 同期合环装置整定值要求, 若满足则可正常合闸, 使线路合环带负载潮流, 若不满足, 则断路器不合闸)
对于正常停电操作, 按照如下策略执行:
1 ) 断开可控移相器断路器 II, 线路带可控移相器解环;
2) 断开可控移相器所在线路另一侧断路器, 切除空载线路;
3 ) 断开可控移相器母线侧断路器, 切除空载可控移相器 (空载变压器)。
(2) 故障工况: 故障工况分为区内故障和区外故障。 区内故障是指包括可控移相 器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器线路侧至断路器 Π范围发生的故障; 区外故障是 指可控移相器母线侧断路器及断路器 Π之外的区域发生的故障, 包括线路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况, 如图 12所示。
1 ) 区外故障
a)可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 Π不动作, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并由可控移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器动作切除故 障, 可控移相器所在线路的保护动作逻辑与未装设移相器时相同;
b) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳 开线路故障相两侧断路器, 也可允许带可控移相器进行线路两侧断路器单相重合间, 与 未装设移相器时的动作逻辑相同, 减少操作次数;
c) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路 开关, 并跳开线路两侧三相断路器。
2) 区内故障: 移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 且 可控移相器母线侧断路器和断路器 Π均三相跳闸, 将故障切除, 并合上可控移相器的旁 路开关。 实施例 2
本实施例的可控移相器主电路结构及操作策略设计方案的构思如下:
( 1 ) 基于对不同调节效果、 不同调试方式移相器的性能的分析比较, 确定采取晶 闸管阀投切式斜向可控移相器, 提出移相器加入串联变压器、 励磁变压器的接线方式;
(2) 根据可控移相器的分级数量要求确定 Kn中的 K值, 即明确采用的励磁变压 器二次侧绕组匝数比及晶闸管阀组结构;
(3 ) 根据可控移相器在线路上的装设位置确定断路器 II及其两台隔离开关的装设 位置以及各保护用 ΜΟΑ的装设位置;
(4) 根据 (1 ) 〜 (3 ) 确定超 /特高压线路可控移相器的主电路结构;
(5 ) 根据可控移相器在线路上的装设位置确定可控移相器的区内、 区外故障区域 范围;
(6) 根据线路上装设可控移相器后可能出现的线路及可控移相器带电、 停电正常 操作工况, 以及可能发生的线路故障, 提出不同工况下对可控移相器所在线路保护及两 侧断路器, 以及可控移相器的断路器 Π及其隔离开关等开关元件的操作策略;
(7) 基于 (5 ) 〜 (6) 提出超 /特高压线路上装设可控移相器的整体操作策略。 本实施例为实现上述的方案, 提出的一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器, 如图 13所示, 三相超 /特高压线路连接于电网受端和送端之间, 每相超 /特高压线路上包括两 组开关, 分别设置于电网受端侧和电网送端侧; 所述开关包括串联的隔离开关 I、 断路 器 I和隔离开关 Π; 其线路送端装设一台晶闸管阀投切型可控移相器, 图中方框中所示 为可控移相器的主电路结构示意图。
如图 13所示, 可控移相器主要元件包括串联变压器、 励磁变压器、 晶闸管阀组、 断路器 II、 断路器 III及其隔离开关 III、 隔离开关 IV、 旁路开关、 避雷器。 各元件的情 况及功用如下:
1、 串联变压器: 串联变压器的一次侧绕组分为两段, 串联在超 /特高压线路上, 且 中间抽头与同相超 /特高压线路上的所述励磁变压器的一次侧绕组连接;所述串联变压器 的二次侧绕组与其余两项超 /特高压线路上的串联变压器的二次侧绕组呈三角形连接。其 一次侧和二次侧的中性点均接地。
2、 励磁变压器: 励磁变压器的一次侧绕组与其余两相超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压 器的一次侧绕组呈星形连接;所述励磁变压器的二次侧绕组通过晶间管阀组与其余两相 超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压器的二次侧绕组呈星形连接。励磁变压器的一次侧和二次侧 的中性点均接地。 励磁变压器的二次侧采用匝数比为 Kn (K为大于 1 的正整数) 绕组 串联方式或奇次比例匝数绕组。
3、 晶闸管阀组: 晶闸管阀组并联在励磁变压器二次侧的每层绕组两端, 通过控制 晶闸管导通和关断方式来实现多级及正、反两方向的移相。每组晶闸管阀包括 H桥结构 的四组晶闸管模块; 每组晶闸管模块包括反并联的晶闸管, 其中每层设置的晶闸管模块 中晶闸管的个数比为 Kn (K为大于 1的正整数, n=l,2,3〜。 图 10所示为 k=3, n=2时 的晶闸管阀结构示意图, 各级绕组的晶闸管阀数量为 1 : 3: 9, 图 11所示对应 k=2, n=3 时的晶闸管阀组结构, 各级绕组的晶闸管阀数量为 1 : 2: 4: 8。
在超 /特高压输电线路上 220kV〜765kV为超高压, 765kV以上为特高压装设可控移 相器时, 由于移相器串联在线路中, 因此需要结合可控移相器及其所在线路的正常投、 退以及不同类型故障, 制定合理的操作方式及过电压保护策略, 解决装设可控移相器时 的工程应用需求。
4、 断路器 II及其隔离开关: 每相可控移相器包括一台断路器 II、 隔离开关 III和一 台断路器 III、 隔离开关 IV, 用于可控移相器的送电与退出。 断路器 Π及一台隔离开关 in装设在可控移相器串联变压器的线路侧, 另一台断路器 m及隔离开关 IV装设在串 联变压器的母线侧。 正常运行时, 断路器 Π及其两台隔离开关在合位, 可控移相器正常 退出或因本体故障退出时, 均需通过断开断路器 π、 断路器 m及其两台隔离开关来实 现; 断路器 Π还用于可控移相器线路送电时的合环操作;
5、避雷器: 分别装设 ET—次侧三相绕组高压端、 二次侧各级绕组高压端, 以及断 路器 Π两侧, 用于限制各位置上的操作过电压。
6、旁路开关(可选器件): 用于可控移相器区外、区内故障后退出或检修时的隔离, 正常运行时旁路开关在分位,发生故障或检修时需要隔离可控移相器时,闭合旁路开关。 本实施例的旁路开关在任意一相的超 /特高压线路上与串联变压器和断路器 Π并联, 其 可采用断路器实现。
对应的, 本实施例提出在线路送端装设可控移相器时, 其送端线路断路器需用来执 行不同工况下对可控移相器的操作。
本实施例提出的超 /特高压可控移相器的操作方法, 包括正常及故障两种类型工况:
( 1 ) 正常工况: 分为正常带电操作及正常停电操作。
对于正常带电操作, 按照如下策略执行:
1 ) 合间可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的一侧断路器 I, 对空载线路充电;
3 )合闸可控移相器线路另一侧的断路器 I, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带 移相器合环运行(其需要检测断路器合环操作点两侧的电压差、 相角差是否满足断路器 所装设的同期合环装置整定值要求, 若满足则可正常合闸, 使线路合环带负载潮流, 若 不满足, 则断路器不合闸);
4)合闸可控移相器母线侧串联断路器的隔离开关 IV, 然后合闸串联断路器 III, 对 空载移相器充电;
5 ) 触发晶闸管阀组, 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
6) 合闸可控移相器线路侧串联断路器的隔离开关 III, 然后合闸串联断路器 Π;
7) 断开可控移相器旁路开关, 将移相器接入合环运行线路中;
8) 按照目标要求, 将可控移相器调节至相应档位, 断开可控移相器各级绕组并联 的旁路断路器。
对于正常停电操作, 按照如下策略执行:
1 ) 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
2) 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
3 ) 断开可控移相器线路侧串联断路器 II, 然后断开其隔离开关 III, 将移相器与线 路解开;
4)断开可控移相器母线侧串联断路器 III, 然后断开其隔离开关 IV, 切除空载移相 器;
5 ) 线路不带移相器正常合环运行。
(2) 故障工况: 故障工况分为区内故障和区外故障。 区内故障是指包括可控移相 器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器 ΠΙ至线路侧断路器 II范围发生的故障; 区外故 障是指可控移相器母线侧断路器 ΠΙ及线路侧断路器 II之外的区域发生的故障, 包括线 路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况, 如图 12所示。
1 ) 区外故障
a)可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 Π不动作, 由移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器根据线路保护动作切除故障, 并合上可控移相器旁 路开关将移相器旁路;
b) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两侧故障相断 路器, 然后合上移相器三相旁路开关将其旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁; 或 /和
c) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两 侧三相断路器, 并将可控移相器三相旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁器。
2)区内故障: 可控移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 移相器所在线路两侧断路器 I 不动作, 合上可控移相器旁路开关将移相器旁路, 然后跳开移相器母线侧和线路侧的串 联断路器 III和串联断路器 II, 将移相器切除, 然后将可控移相器所有晶闸管闭锁。
本实施例通过可控移相器配置的控制保护系统进行实施监控可控移相器。控制保护 系统属于可控移相器装置的控制部分, 主要负责测量、 监控、 保护以及控制策略的传递 和执行。
最后应当说明的是: 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制, 尽管 参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解: 依然 可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换,而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任 何修改或者等同替换, 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于超 /特高压线路的可控移相器, 三相超 /特高压线路连接于电网受端侧和送 端侧之间,每相超 /特高压线路上包括两组开关,分别设置于电网受端侧和电网送端侧; 每组开关包括串联的隔离开关 I、 断路器 I和隔离开关 II ; 其特征在于, 在每相的两组 开关之间设置可控移相器;
所述可控移相器包括串联变压器、 励磁变压器、 晶间管阀组和旁路开关; 所述串联变压 器串联在每相超 /特高压线路上, 并与所述励磁变压器连接; 所述晶闸管阀组与所述励 磁变压器并联;
所述旁路开关与所述串联变压器并联。
2.如权利要求 1所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述可控移相器包括断路器 II、 断路器 III、 隔离开关 III和隔离开关 IV, 用于移相器的送电与退出;
断路器 II及隔离开关 III串联在可控移相器串联变压器的线路侧, 断路器 III及隔离开关 IV 串联在串联变压器的母线侧;
可控移相器正常退出或因故障退出时, 均断开断路器 II、 断路器 III、 隔离开关 III和隔离 开关 IV。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述串联变压器的一次侧绕组分 为两段, 串联在超 /特高压线路上, 且中间抽头与同相超 /特高压线路上的所述励磁变 压器的一次侧绕组连接; 所述串联变压器的二次侧绕组与其余两项超 /特高压线路上的 串联变压器的二次侧绕组呈三角形连接。
4. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述励磁变压器的一次侧绕组与 其余两相超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压器的一次侧绕组呈星形连接; 所述励磁变压器的 二次侧绕组通过晶间管阀组与其余两相超 /特高压线路上的励磁变压器的二次侧绕组呈 星形连接。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述励磁变压器二次侧采用匝数比为 Kn绕组串联方式, 或采用等差 /等比数列匝数绕组串联。
6. 如权利要求 5 所述的可控移相器,其特征在于,所述励磁变压器二次侧的每级绕组两 端均并联设置晶闸管阀组。
7. 如权利要求 4或 6所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述每组晶闸管阀包括 Η桥结构 的四组晶闸管模块;
每组晶闸管模块包括反并联的晶闸管;
各级绕组并联的晶闸管模块中晶闸管的个数比为 Κη, 或成等差 /等比关系。
8. 如权利要求 1 所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述可控移相器包括一台断路器 II隔 离开关 III和隔离开关 IV, 用于移相器的送电与退出;
断路器 II及隔离开关 III 串联在可控移相器串联变压器的线路侧,隔离开关 IV 串联在串 联变压器的母线侧;
可控移相器正常退出或因故障退出时, 均断开断路器 II、 隔离开关 III和隔离开关 IV。
9. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述可控移相器包括旁路开关, 用于可控移相器区外、 区内故障后退出或检修时的隔离;
正常运行时旁路开关在分位, 需要隔离可控移相器时, 旁路开关闭合。
10. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述可控移相器包括避雷器, 用 于限制过线路电压。
11. 如权利要求 10所述的可控移相器, 其特征在于, 所述避雷器分别设置在励磁变压器 一次侧高压端、 二次侧高压端和断路器 II 两侧。
12. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的可控移相器,其特征在于,所述串联变压器的一次侧和二次 侧的中性点均接地;
所述励磁变压器的一次侧和二次侧的中性点均接地。
13. 一种用于超 / 特高压线路的可控移相器的操作方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括如 下步骤:
( 1 ) 合闸可控移相器母线侧断路器, 对空载移相器充电;
( 2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的另一侧断路器, 对空载线路充电;
合间可控移相器的断路器 II, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带移相器合环 运行。
(4) 控制保护系统实时监测可控移相器, 当出现故障时, 进行检测并消除故障步骤;
( 5) 用户设定退出可控移相器时, 断开可控移相器断路器 II, 线路带移相器解环;
(6) 断开可控移相器所在线路另一侧断路器, 切除空载线路;
( 7) 断开可控移相器母线侧断路器, 切除空载移相器。
14. 如权利要求 13 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (4)所述检测并消除故障步骤 包括:
1 ) 所述控制保护系统判断故障区域和故障类型;
2) 根据故障区域和故障类型进行相应动作。
15. 如权利要求 14 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 1 )所述故障区域包括区内故障 和区外故障;
所述区内故障是指包括可控移相器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器线路侧至断路器 II 范围发生的故障;
所述区外故障是指可控移相器母线侧断路器及断路器 II 之外的区域发生的故障, 包括 线路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况。
16. 如权利要求 15 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 对于区外故障, 包括:
a)可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 II 不动作, 由 移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器动作切除故障;
b) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线 路故障相两侧断路器; 或 / 和
c)可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线路两侧三相断路器。
17.如权利要求 16 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 b) 发生单相故障时, 合上可控 移相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线路故障相两侧断路器, 然后可控移相器进行线路两侧断路 器的单相重合闸操作,两侧断路器的操作方法与线路未装设可控移相器时的动作逻辑一 致。
18.如权利要求 14 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 对于区内故障, 包括:
可控移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 且可控移相器母线 侧断路器和断路器 II 均三相跳闸, 将故障切除。
19.一种如权利要求 2的可控移相器的操作方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括如下步骤:
1 ) 合间可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
2) 合闸可控移相器所在线路的一侧断路器 I, 对空载线路充电;
3)合闸可控移相器线路另一侧的断路器 I, 进行同期合环, 可控移相器所在线路带移相 器合环运行;
4)合闸可控移相器母线侧串联断路器的隔离开关 IV, 然后合闸串联断路器 III, 对空载 移相器充电; 5) 触发晶闸管阀组, 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
6) 合闸可控移相器线路侧串联断路器的隔离开关 III, 然后合闸串联断路器 II;
7) 断开可控移相器旁路开关, 将移相器接入合环运行线路中;
8) 按照目标要求, 将可控移相器调节至相应档位, 断开可控移相器各级绕组并联的旁 路断路器。
9) 控制保护系统实时监测可控移相器, 当出现故障时, 进行检测并消除故障步骤;
10) 用户设定退出可控移相器时, 按照如下步骤执行:
a) 将可控移相器档位调至 0档;
b) 合上可控移相器的旁路开关, 将可控移相器旁路;
c)断开可控移相器线路侧串联断路器 II, 然后断开其隔离开关 III, 将移相器与线路解 开;
d) 断开可控移相器母线侧串联断路器 III, 然后断开其隔离开关 IV, 切除空载移相器; e) 线路不带移相器正常合环运行。
20. 如权利要求 19 所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (9)所述检测并消除故障步骤 包括:
1 ) 所述控制保护系统判断故障区域和故障类型;
2) 根据故障区域和故障类型进行相应动作。
21. 如权利要求 20所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 1 ) 所述故障区域包括区内故障 和区外故障;
所述区内故障是指包括可控移相器本体、 以及可控移相器母线侧断路器线路侧至断路器 II 范围发生的故障;
所述区外故障是指可控移相器母线侧断路器及断路器 II 之外的区域发生的故障, 包括 线路、 两侧母线、 邻近线路发生故障的情况。
22.如权利要求 21所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 对于区外故障, 包括:
a) 可控移相器所在线路或邻近线路发生区外故障时, 可控移相器断路器 II不动作, 由 移相器所在线路两侧的线路断路器根据线路保护动作切除故障, 并合上可控移相器旁路 开关将移相器旁路;
b)可控移相器所在线路发生区外单瞬故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两侧故障相断路器, 然后合上移相器三相旁路开关将其旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁; 或 /和 c) 可控移相器所在线路发生区外单永故障或多相故障时, 跳开移相器所在线路两侧三 相断路器, 并将可控移相器三相旁路, 然后将可控移相器所有晶间管闭锁。
23.如权利要求 22所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 b)发生单相故障时, 合上可控移 相器的旁路开关, 并跳开线路故障相两侧断路器, 然后可控移相器进行线路两侧断路器 的单相重合闸操作, 两侧断路器的操作方法与线路未装设可控移相器时的动作逻辑一 致。
24.如权利要求 21所述的操作方法, 其特征在于, 对于区内故障, 包括:
可控移相器所在线路发生区内故障时, 移相器所在线路两侧断路器 I不动作, 合上可控 移相器旁路开关将移相器旁路, 然后跳开移相器母线侧和线路侧的串联断路器 III和串 联断路器 II, 将移相器切除, 然后将可控移相器所有晶闸管闭锁。
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