WO2014118699A1 - Process for obtaining pulp from vegetable waste and resulting product - Google Patents

Process for obtaining pulp from vegetable waste and resulting product Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014118699A1
WO2014118699A1 PCT/IB2014/058605 IB2014058605W WO2014118699A1 WO 2014118699 A1 WO2014118699 A1 WO 2014118699A1 IB 2014058605 W IB2014058605 W IB 2014058605W WO 2014118699 A1 WO2014118699 A1 WO 2014118699A1
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Prior art keywords
pulp
vegetable waste
production
vegetable
waste
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PCT/IB2014/058605
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Eduardo GARZÓN FLÓREZ
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Universidad Nacional De Colombia
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/02—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/14—Secondary fibres

Definitions

  • Pulps are obtained from the waste produced by the agro-industry, including florists, palm trees, pineapple growers, cereals, and guaduas, among others. Both the processes and the resulting products seek to be biodegradable and environmentally compatible.
  • the process consists of the following steps: a) introduction of plant waste into a mechanical device that breaks the plant fibers, so that the collenchyma, sclerenchyma and / or parenchyma of the waste material are exposed; b) To expose to the environment the mechanically treated vegetal waste to cause a defibration by the change of pressure and temperature of the material; c) Subject the material produced to heat treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds; d) Subject the heat treated material to drying, either by natural means or by machines designed for this purpose, obtaining a raw pulp; e) Subject the raw pulp to mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours to achieve a finished pulp for use in paper, cardboard or the like, mix with starches and gums to formulate a paste that when thermoforming generates an expanded cellulose; f) Recover the liquids extracted during the process to be used again in the crops from which the vegetable waste comes; g) optionally,
  • This invention relates to obtaining a pulp of fibrous material of plant origin aimed at the process of preparing a paste for the preparation of wrapping papers and thermoformed packaging.
  • pulps are obtained from the waste produced by the agro-industry, including florists, palm trees, pineapple growers, cereals, and guaduas, among others. Both the processes and the resulting products are careful to be biodegradable and environmentally compatible.
  • Agribusiness particularly related to floriculture, generates a significant volume of waste causing innumerable environmental problems.
  • the solutions so far applied seek the use of waste in the same crops, but the leachate and odors that result from this application, allow us to conclude that it is not the best alternative to the problem posed.
  • the solution presented in this document in addition to responding to the aforementioned problem, also allows to obtain a source of new environmentally friendly products, economically very attractive and whose traditional production requires sources that affect nature.
  • bamboo because of its rapid growth and its enormous quantity, is a promising source of raw material for papermaking; The country that uses this fiber the most is India, where it is used for printing, writing, security, document and many other kinds of paper.
  • Other fibers such as Indian hemp, or mulberry, mitsumata or washi paper (Japanese) gampi, are vegetable fibers used in Eastern countries for many years, which allow the paper to be finished and special qualities.
  • the procedures for the production of paper that make use of vegetable fibers have been applied to hemp, stems, tamos, palms, bagasse and pencas, among others (US 66338, US 1501925, US 1682834, US 184651 1).
  • the objectives set forth in the present invention are aimed at solving several needs: the first is to provide adequate management of plant residues produced by agriculture and agro-industry, especially when these residues are generated in significant quantities; a second objective seeks to transform plant waste into productive raw material and reduce or eliminate the pollution that waste produces in the place where it is generated; a third objective seeks to use waste in the manufacture of paper, cardboard and environmentally sustainable and biodegradable packaging; A final objective is to prevent the diffusion of the Fusarium fungus present in the residues of the floricultural sector.
  • a process for the production of pulp from plant waste which incorporates the following steps: a. Vegetable wastes are introduced into a mechanical apparatus that breaks the plant fibers, so that the collenchyme, sclerenchyma and / or parenchyma of the waste material are exposed. b. Mechanically treated plant wastes are released into the environment to cause defibration due to the change in pressure and temperature of the material. C. The material produced is subjected to heat treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds. d. The heat treated material is subjected to drying either by natural means or by machines designed for this purpose, obtaining a raw pulp. and.
  • the raw pulp is subjected to mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours to achieve a finished pulp for use in paper, cardboard or the like.
  • the liquids extracted during the process are recovered to be used again in the crops where the vegetable waste comes from. g. optionally in the mechanical stirring step additives such as pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product can be added.
  • the by-product obtained from the mechanical apparatus is subjected to a thermal treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds.
  • a thermal treatment either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds.
  • the process carried out without any chemical added has proven highly effective and allows high quality final products.
  • Another option is to use 4 to 10 or reagents, for example caustic soda, based on the weight of the material in its dry weight.
  • the duration of the heat treatments will depend on the type of product to be manufactured but usually does not exceed 20 minutes, especially if the paper to be treated is wrapped; When the pulp is destined for thermoformed packaging, cooking times are reduced by half.
  • the material is dried and subjected to a refining process.
  • drying is done with any technique known to the expert in the art, preferring those that achieve better efficiency.
  • the refining is carried out by means of mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours;
  • a reactor incorporating an agitator that generates high turbulence was used, with Reynolds preferably above 15,000; the beating times will depend on the characteristics of the desired pulp; here they can also be added
  • pH controllers pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product.
  • An important feature of this process is that the liquids extracted during the various stages can be recovered and used again in the crops. These liquids contain significant amounts of agrochemicals, fertilizers and other compounds that allow significant savings in production processes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for obtaining pulp from vegetable waste and to the resulting product. The process comprises the following steps: a) breaking the fibres of the vegetable waste using a mechanical process; b) releasing the treated waste into the environment; c) subjecting the waste to heat treatment; d) drying; e) recovering the liquids extracted during the process. The pulp can be used to produce paper, cardboard or expanded polystyrene substitutes.

Description

PROCESO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE PULPA A PARTIR DE DESECHOS VEGETALES Y PRODUCTO OBTENIDO  PROCESS FOR OBTAINING PULP FROM VEGETABLE WASTE AND PRODUCT OBTAINED
Resumen Summary
Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, útil para la fabricación de papel, cartón o sustitutos de poliestireno expandido, destinada a la elaboración de papeles para envoltura y empaques termo-formados, geométricamente diseñados. Las pulpas son obtenidas de los desechos producidos por la agro-industria entre ellos los floricultores, los palmeros, los cultivadores de piña, cereales, y guaduas entre otros. Tanto los procesos como los productos resultantes buscan ser biodegradables y compatibles ambientalmente. El proceso consta de los siguientes pasos: a) introducción de los desechos vegetales en un aparato mecánico que rompa las fibras vegetales, de forma tal que queden expuestos el colénquima, esclerénquima y/o parénquima del material de residuo; b) Exponer al ambiente los desechos vegetales tratados mecánicamente para causar un desfibrado por el cambio de presión y temperatura del material; c) Someter el material producido a tratamiento térmico, ya sea por inyección directa de vapor o por una cocción dentro de una solución acuosa que opcionalmente puede incorporar compuestos alcalinas; d) Someter el material tratado térmicamente a secado, ya sea por medios naturales o por medio de máquinas diseñadas para tal fin, obteniéndose una pulpa bruta; e) Someter la pulpa bruta a agitación mecánica en un intervalo entre media hora y dos horas para lograr una pulpa terminada para emplear en papel, cartón o similares, mezclar con almidones y gomas para formular una pasta que al termoformar genere una celulosa expandida; f) Recuperar los líquidos extraídos durante el proceso para emplearlos nuevamente en los cultivos de donde provienen los desechos vegetales; g) opcionalmente, agregar durante la agitación mecánica aditivos tales como controladores de pH, colorantes o cualquier elemento requerido para lograr un producto especifico. Sector técnico Process for the production of pulp from plant wastes, useful for the manufacture of paper, cardboard or expanded polystyrene substitutes, intended for the production of wrapping papers and thermoformed packages, geometrically designed. Pulps are obtained from the waste produced by the agro-industry, including florists, palm trees, pineapple growers, cereals, and guaduas, among others. Both the processes and the resulting products seek to be biodegradable and environmentally compatible. The process consists of the following steps: a) introduction of plant waste into a mechanical device that breaks the plant fibers, so that the collenchyma, sclerenchyma and / or parenchyma of the waste material are exposed; b) To expose to the environment the mechanically treated vegetal waste to cause a defibration by the change of pressure and temperature of the material; c) Subject the material produced to heat treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds; d) Subject the heat treated material to drying, either by natural means or by machines designed for this purpose, obtaining a raw pulp; e) Subject the raw pulp to mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours to achieve a finished pulp for use in paper, cardboard or the like, mix with starches and gums to formulate a paste that when thermoforming generates an expanded cellulose; f) Recover the liquids extracted during the process to be used again in the crops from which the vegetable waste comes; g) optionally, add during mechanical agitation additives such as pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product. Technical sector
Esta invención se relaciona con la obtención una pulpa de material fibroso de origen vegetal encaminado al proceso de preparación de una pasta destinada a la elaboración de papeles para envoltura y empaques termo-formados. Estas pulpas son obtenidas de los desechos producidos por la agro-industria entre ellos los floricultores, los palmeros, los cultivadores de piña, cereales, y guaduas entre otros. Tanto los procesos como los productos resultantes tienen el cuidado de ser biodegradables y compatibles ambientalmente. This invention relates to obtaining a pulp of fibrous material of plant origin aimed at the process of preparing a paste for the preparation of wrapping papers and thermoformed packaging. These pulps are obtained from the waste produced by the agro-industry, including florists, palm trees, pineapple growers, cereals, and guaduas, among others. Both the processes and the resulting products are careful to be biodegradable and environmentally compatible.
Técnica Technique
La agroindustria, particularmente la relacionada con la floricultura, genera un volumen de residuos importante causando innumerables problemas medioambientales. Las soluciones hasta ahora aplicadas buscan el uso de los desperdicios en los mismos cultivos, pero los lixiviados y los olores que resultan de esta aplicación, permiten concluir que no resulta ser la mejor alternativa al problema planteado. La solución presentada en el presente documento, además de dar respuesta a la problemática señalada, también permite obtener una fuente de nuevos productos amigables con el medioambiente, económicamente muy atractivos y cuya producción tradicional requiere de fuentes que afectan la naturaleza. Agribusiness, particularly related to floriculture, generates a significant volume of waste causing innumerable environmental problems. The solutions so far applied seek the use of waste in the same crops, but the leachate and odors that result from this application, allow us to conclude that it is not the best alternative to the problem posed. The solution presented in this document, in addition to responding to the aforementioned problem, also allows to obtain a source of new environmentally friendly products, economically very attractive and whose traditional production requires sources that affect nature.
La pulpa obtenida de material vegetal ya ha sido trabajada en el mundo para la producción de papel o similares. Cereales son usados desde principios del siglo XIX para la obtención de pulpa celulósica: la pulpa amarilla, usada en la fabricación de tubos y botes de papel, charolas para empaques de huevos, cartones de paja y papeles para corrugar y, la celulosa de paja que se maneja comercialmente como pulpa blanqueada y se aplica a la producción de papeles finos. La utilización de fibras vegetales y agrícolas en la fabricación de pulpas papeleras es conocida desde los alrededores de 1920, cuando se introdujo el bagazo de caña de azúcar en la fabricación de papel periódico con muy buenos resultados. El tallo de maíz, cuya estructura es similar al de la caña de azúcar, sólo se conoce que es utilizado en Israel. El bambú, por su rápido crecimiento y su enorme cantidad, es una fuente promisoria de materia prima para la fabricación de papel; el país que más utiliza esta fibra es la India, donde es empleada para papeles de impresión, de escritura, de seguridad, de documentos y otras muchas clases. Otras fibras como el cáñamo de la india, o la morera, la mitsumata o el gampi del papel washi (japonés), son fibras vegetales usadas en países orientales ya hace muchos años, que permiten proporcionar al papel terminados y cualidades especiales. The pulp obtained from plant material has already been worked in the world for the production of paper or the like. Cereals are used since the beginning of the 19th century to obtain cellulose pulp: the yellow pulp, used in the manufacture of tubes and paper boats, trays for egg packaging, straw cartons and corrugated papers and, the straw cellulose that It is handled commercially as bleached pulp and applied to the production of fine papers. The use of vegetable and agricultural fibers in the manufacture of paper pulps has been known since around 1920, when sugarcane bagasse was introduced in the manufacture of newspaper with very good results. The corn stalk, whose structure is similar to that of sugarcane, is only known to be used in Israel. Bamboo, because of its rapid growth and its enormous quantity, is a promising source of raw material for papermaking; The country that uses this fiber the most is India, where it is used for printing, writing, security, document and many other kinds of paper. Other fibers such as Indian hemp, or mulberry, mitsumata or washi paper (Japanese) gampi, are vegetable fibers used in Eastern countries for many years, which allow the paper to be finished and special qualities.
Los procedimientos para la producción de papel que hacen uso de fibras vegetales, se han aplicado sobre cáñamos, vástagos, tamos, palmas, bagazos y pencas, entre otros (US 66338, US 1501925, US 1682834, US 184651 1 ). Los objetivos que se ha trazado la presente invención van dirigidos a solucionar varias necesidades: el primero, es dar un manejo adecuado a los residuos vegetales producidos por la agricultura y la agro-industria, en especial cuando estos residuos se generan en cantidades importantes; un segundo objetivo busca transformar en materia prima productiva los residuos vegetales y reducir o eliminar la contaminación que esos desechos producen en el lugar donde se generan; un tercer objetivo busca utilizar los residuos en la fabricación de papel, cartón y empaques ambientalmente sostenibles y biodegradables; un último objetivo es evitar la difusión del hongo Fusarium presente en los residuos del sector floricultor. The procedures for the production of paper that make use of vegetable fibers have been applied to hemp, stems, tamos, palms, bagasse and pencas, among others (US 66338, US 1501925, US 1682834, US 184651 1). The objectives set forth in the present invention are aimed at solving several needs: the first is to provide adequate management of plant residues produced by agriculture and agro-industry, especially when these residues are generated in significant quantities; a second objective seeks to transform plant waste into productive raw material and reduce or eliminate the pollution that waste produces in the place where it is generated; a third objective seeks to use waste in the manufacture of paper, cardboard and environmentally sustainable and biodegradable packaging; A final objective is to prevent the diffusion of the Fusarium fungus present in the residues of the floricultural sector.
Divulgación de la invención Disclosure of the invention
Para lograr los objetivos planteados, se suministra un proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales que incorpora los siguientes pasos: a. Se introducen los desechos vegetales en un aparato mecánico que rompa las fibras vegetales, de forma tal que queden expuestos la colénquima, esclerénquima y/o parénquima del material de residuo. b. Los desechos vegetales tratados mecánicamente se liberan al ambiente para causar un desfibrado por el cambio de presión y temperatura del material. c. Se somete el material producido a tratamiento térmico, ya sea por inyección directa de vapor o por una cocción dentro de una solución acuosa que opcionalmente puede incorporar compuestos alcalinos. d. El material tratado térmicamente es sometido a secado ya sea por medios naturales o por medio de máquinas diseñadas para tal fin, obteniéndose una pulpa bruta. e. La pulpa bruta se somete a una agitación mecánica en un intervalo entre media hora y dos horas para lograr una pulpa terminada para emplear en papel, cartón o similares. f. Los líquidos extraídos durante el proceso son recuperados para emplearse nuevamente en los cultivos de donde provienen los desechos vegetales. g. opcionalmente en el paso de agitación mecánica pueden agregarse aditivos tales como controladores de pH, colorantes o cualquier elemento requerido para lograr un producto especifico. To achieve the stated objectives, a process for the production of pulp from plant waste is incorporated, which incorporates the following steps: a. Vegetable wastes are introduced into a mechanical apparatus that breaks the plant fibers, so that the collenchyme, sclerenchyma and / or parenchyma of the waste material are exposed. b. Mechanically treated plant wastes are released into the environment to cause defibration due to the change in pressure and temperature of the material. C. The material produced is subjected to heat treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds. d. The heat treated material is subjected to drying either by natural means or by machines designed for this purpose, obtaining a raw pulp. and. The raw pulp is subjected to mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours to achieve a finished pulp for use in paper, cardboard or the like. F. The liquids extracted during the process are recovered to be used again in the crops where the vegetable waste comes from. g. optionally in the mechanical stirring step additives such as pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product can be added.
La introducción de los desechos vegetales dentro del aparato mecánico busca un rompimiento de las fibras y una exposición de los tejidos interiores de los residuos vegetales. La presión generada, y por consiguiente el incremento de la temperatura, seguida del cambio súbito de condiciones al exponerlo al ambiente, causa una rotura mecánica en los mencionados tejidos. Aunque la humedad del material que sale del aparato mecánico puede quedar todavía en un 60 - 70 o, no se presenta escurrimiento ni lixiviación. Esta operación es similar a la reivindicada en las patentes US 1578609, US 1824221 , US 1578609 salvo que en el procedimiento aquí reivindicado no se emplea vapor y se trabaja a presiones relativamente bajas. En los desarrollos realizados se ha encontrado que una extrusora, para desmenuzar residuos para el compostaje, sirve perfectamente para los fines perseguidos, aunque esto no constituye ninguna limitante y, al contrario, un experto en el arte sabe que otras máquinas pueden cumplir con el cometido perseguido. Al examinar el subproducto obtenido en esta etapa se ha encontrado una constante reducción de patógenos y bacterias. The introduction of plant debris into the mechanical apparatus seeks a breakdown of the fibers and an exposure of the interior tissues of the plant residues. The pressure generated, and consequently the increase in temperature, followed by the sudden change of conditions when exposed to the environment, causes a mechanical break in said tissues. Although the humidity of the material that leaves the mechanical device can still be 60-70 or, there is no runoff or leaching. This operation is similar to that claimed in patents US 1578609, US 1824221, US 1578609 unless steam is not used in the process claimed and is operated at relatively low pressures. In the developments made it has been found that an extruder, to shred waste for composting, It serves perfectly for the purposes pursued, although this does not constitute any limitation and, on the contrary, an expert in the art knows that other machines can fulfill the intended purpose. When examining the by-product obtained at this stage, a constant reduction of pathogens and bacteria has been found.
El subproducto obtenido del aparato mecánico es sometido a un tratamiento térmico, ya sea por inyección directa de vapor o por una cocción dentro de una solución acuosa que opcionalmente puede incorporar compuestos alcalinos. El proceso realizado sin ningún producto químico adicionado ha demostrado ser altamente efectivo y permite producto finales con una altísima calidad. Otra opción es emplear de 4 al 10 o de reactivos, por ejemplo sosa cáustica, basados en el peso del material en su peso seco. La duración de los tratamientos térmicos dependerá del tipo de producto a fabricar pero normalmente no superan los 20 minutos, especialmente si el papel a tratar es de envoltura; cuando la pulpa es destinada a los empaques termo-formados los tiempos de cocción se reducen a la mitad. The by-product obtained from the mechanical apparatus is subjected to a thermal treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds. The process carried out without any chemical added has proven highly effective and allows high quality final products. Another option is to use 4 to 10 or reagents, for example caustic soda, based on the weight of the material in its dry weight. The duration of the heat treatments will depend on the type of product to be manufactured but usually does not exceed 20 minutes, especially if the paper to be treated is wrapped; When the pulp is destined for thermoformed packaging, cooking times are reduced by half.
Luego del tratamiento térmico, el material es secado y sometido a un proceso de refinación. Primero, el secado se hace con cualquier técnica que conozca el experto en el arte, prefiriéndose aquellas que logren mejor eficiencia. La refinación se realiza por medio de agitación mecánica en un intervalo entre media hora y dos horas; para los ensayos llevados a cabo se empleo un reactor que incorpora un agitador que genera alta turbulencia, con Reynolds preferiblemente por encima de 15000; los tiempos de batido dependerán de las características de la pulpa deseada; aquí también pueden agregarse After heat treatment, the material is dried and subjected to a refining process. First, drying is done with any technique known to the expert in the art, preferring those that achieve better efficiency. The refining is carried out by means of mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours; For the tests carried out, a reactor incorporating an agitator that generates high turbulence was used, with Reynolds preferably above 15,000; the beating times will depend on the characteristics of the desired pulp; here they can also be added
controladores de pH, colorantes o cualquier elemento requerido para lograr un producto especifico. Una característica importante de este proceso, radica en que los líquidos extraídos durante las diversas etapas, pueden recuperarse y emplearse nuevamente en los cultivos. Estos líquidos contienen cantidades significativas de agroquímicos, fertilizantes y otros compuestos que permiten economías importantes en los procesos de producción. pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product. An important feature of this process is that the liquids extracted during the various stages can be recovered and used again in the crops. These liquids contain significant amounts of agrochemicals, fertilizers and other compounds that allow significant savings in production processes.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, útil para la fabricación de papel, cartón o sustitutos de poliestireno expandido; proceso CARACTERIZADO PORQUE consta de los siguientes pasos: a. Se introducen los desechos vegetales en un aparato mecánico que rompa las fibras vegetales, de forma tal que queden expuestos el colénquima, esclerénquima y/o parénquima del material de residuo b. Los desechos vegetales tratados mecánicamente se liberan al ambiente para causar un desfibrado por el cambio de presión y temperatura del material c. Se somete el material producido a tratamiento térmico, ya sea por inyección directa de vapor o por una cocción dentro de una solución acuosa que opcionalmente puede incorporar compuestos alcalinos. d. El material tratado térmicamente es sometido a secado ya sea por medios naturales o por medio de máquinas diseñadas para tal fin, obteniéndose una pulpa bruta. e. La pulpa bruta se somete a una agitación mecánica en un intervalo entre medía hora y dos horas para lograr una pulpa terminada para emplear en papel, cartón o similares. f. Los líquidos extraídos durante el proceso son recuperados para emplearse nuevamente en los cultivos de donde provienen los desechos vegetales. g. Opcionalmente en el paso de agitación mecánica pueden agregarse aditivos tales como controladores de pH, colorantes o cualquier elemento requerido para lograr un producto especifico. 1. Process for the production of pulp from plant waste, useful for the manufacture of paper, cardboard or expanded polystyrene substitutes; CHARACTERIZED process BECAUSE it consists of the following steps: a. Vegetable wastes are introduced into a mechanical device that breaks the plant fibers, so that the collenchyme, sclerenchyma and / or parenchyma of the waste material are exposed b. Mechanically treated plant wastes are released into the environment to cause defibration due to the change in pressure and temperature of the material c. The material produced is subjected to heat treatment, either by direct steam injection or by cooking into an aqueous solution that may optionally incorporate alkaline compounds. d. The heat treated material is subjected to drying either by natural means or by machines designed for this purpose, obtaining a raw pulp. and. The raw pulp is subjected to mechanical agitation in an interval between half an hour and two hours to achieve a finished pulp for use in paper, cardboard or the like. F. The liquids extracted during the process are recovered to be used again in the crops where the vegetable waste comes from. g. Optionally in the mechanical stirring step additives such as pH controllers, dyes or any element required to achieve a specific product can be added.
2. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de flores. 2. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of flowers.
3. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de rosa. 3. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of rose.
4. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de clavel. 4. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of carnation.
5. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo del pompón, astromelia, gerbera o gladiolo. 5. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of the pompom, astromelia, gerbera or gladiolus.
6. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de piña. 6. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the pineapple crop.
7. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de guadua. 7. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of guadua.
8. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de uchuva. 8. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of cape gooseberry.
9. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de palma. 9. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from palm cultivation.
10. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de plátano. 10. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from the cultivation of plantain.
1 1 . Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede del cultivo de algodón. eleven . Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from cotton cultivation.
12. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el desecho vegetal procede de cualquier cultivo que genere residuos celulósicos susceptibles de producir una pulpa. 12. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the vegetable waste comes from any crop that generates cellulosic residues capable of producing a pulp.
13. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE la pulpa obtenida es apta para fabricar papel, recipientes o empaques laminados, termoformados o moldeados. 13. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the obtained pulp is suitable for manufacturing paper, containers or laminated, thermoformed or molded packages.
14. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el aparato mecánico que rompe las fibras vegetales en un extrusor. 14. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the mechanical apparatus that breaks the vegetable fibers in an extruder.
15. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE la etapa de secado se lleva a cabo en un tambor de secado. 15. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE the drying step is carried out in a drying drum.
16. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el paso c) se realiza sin agregar ningún producto químico. 16. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE step c) is carried out without adding any chemical.
17. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el paso c) se realiza en una marmita con sosa cáustica en concentraciones entre 4 y 1 0 % basadas en el peso inicial del material vegetal. 17. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE step c) is carried out in a kettle with caustic soda in concentrations between 4 and 1 0% based on the initial weight of the plant material .
18. Proceso para la producción de pulpa a partir de desechos vegetales, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 7 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE el paso c) se realiza con tiempos de cocción inferiores a los 20 minutos. 18. Process for the production of pulp from vegetable waste, according to claim 1 7 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE step c) is carried out with cooking times of less than 20 minutes.
19. Pulpa CARACTERIZADA PORQUE se obtiene de acuerdo al proceso de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12. 19. CHARACTERIZED pulp BECAUSE it is obtained according to the process of any of claims 1 to 12.
20. Producto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 9 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE es la materia prima para la fabricación de papel. 20. Product according to claim 1 9 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE it is the raw material for papermaking.
21 . Producto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 9 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE es la materia prima para la fabricación de cartón. twenty-one . Product according to claim 1 9 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE it is the raw material for the manufacture of cardboard.
22. Producto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 9 CARACTERIZADO PORQUE es la materia prima para la fabricación de sucedáneos del poliestireno expandido. 22. Product according to claim 1 9 CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE it is the raw material for the manufacture of expanded polystyrene substitutes.
PCT/IB2014/058605 2013-01-29 2014-01-28 Process for obtaining pulp from vegetable waste and resulting product WO2014118699A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5958182A (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-09-28 Fybx Corporation Process for converting tropical plant material into fibers
WO2013008135A1 (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Universidad Del Valle Method to produce high-resistance cellulose and hemicellulose fibers from lignocellulosic biomass of sugarcane leaves and buds

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5958182A (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-09-28 Fybx Corporation Process for converting tropical plant material into fibers
WO2013008135A1 (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Universidad Del Valle Method to produce high-resistance cellulose and hemicellulose fibers from lignocellulosic biomass of sugarcane leaves and buds

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ESKULAM.COM.: "Elaboración of papel con pinzote of banano como materia prima.", ESKULAN, 30 September 2011 (2011-09-30), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://eskulan.com/2011/09/30/elaboracion-de-papel-con-pinzote-de-banano-como-materia-prima/> [retrieved on 20140602] *

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