WO2014118395A1 - Actuation mechanism for a solar tracking system - Google Patents

Actuation mechanism for a solar tracking system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014118395A1
WO2014118395A1 PCT/ES2013/070036 ES2013070036W WO2014118395A1 WO 2014118395 A1 WO2014118395 A1 WO 2014118395A1 ES 2013070036 W ES2013070036 W ES 2013070036W WO 2014118395 A1 WO2014118395 A1 WO 2014118395A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuation
solar tracking
bar
actuator
tracking systems
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2013/070036
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dionisio Silvestre Mata
Original Assignee
Energia Ercam, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energia Ercam, S.A. filed Critical Energia Ercam, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2013/070036 priority Critical patent/WO2014118395A1/en
Publication of WO2014118395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014118395A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of solar tracking drive systems, either one or two axes, but particularly within multi-support systems.
  • the development of solar tracking systems pursues configurations that reduce manufacturing and / or installation costs.
  • the mechanism of action that activates the movement is one of the main subsystems due to its impact on the total cost.
  • the objective of the system designer is to act increasingly on a larger surface area of solar collectors or modules with simpler actuation systems, with the aim of reducing the total cost of the installation.
  • multi-support tracking systems generally with single-axis tracking, in which the catchment surface is rotated around a horizontal axis that is supported on several aligned pillars became more relevant in the market.
  • the action that drives the movement of the solar surface is associated with a single point of action in each follower that corresponds to a row of pillars.
  • the pressure exerted by the wind load is not uniform on the catchment surface, which produces a torsor moment that reacts on the point of action in order to maintain the static balance of the structure.
  • actuation mechanism for a multi-support solar tracking system either one or two axes, which has a series of supports or pillars on which a support structure of the panels is arranged from solar collection, counting this support structure with a joint joint support on the pillars, and with a longitudinal actuator.
  • the longitudinal actuator displaces an actuator bar parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower which in turn is connected by means of connecting rods to each of the pillars.
  • the invention achieves the rotation of the support structure of the solar modules through the linear movement of an actuation bar.
  • the means used in the longitudinal actuator can be hydraulic or electric.
  • a direct-acting or indirect-acting hydraulic actuator can be used by means of a pantograph-like connecting rod, which guarantees the linear and symmetrical movement of the actuating bars, which allows the use of a hydraulic actuator of Smaller size and cost.
  • the actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems or trackers where the solar tracking system or follower comprises a series of multiple supports or pillars (1), on which a structure (2) for supporting and fixing of the elements is arranged articulated.
  • solar panels are characterized in that the actuation mechanism comprises a longitudinal actuator (4) that acts on a bar of actuation (5) movable and arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower, the actuation bar (5) being attached to the pillars (1) by means of connecting rods (6) attached at its ends to the actuation bar ( 5) and to the pillars (1) articularly.
  • the articular joint between the structure (2) and the pillars or supports is produced by means of the support shaft piece (3) of the structure (2), which is jointly joined on the pillar (1).
  • the linear actuator (4) can be a hydraulic or electric actuator, and acts along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the structure (2).
  • Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of the longitudinal or linear actuator (4) if it is hydraulic.
  • the longitudinal actuator is a direct acting hydraulic actuator (4) with double rod cylinder.
  • the longitudinal actuator (4) is fixed on the structure (2) by means of fixing parts (4.1) as clamps, whereby the relative position of the longidutinal actuator (4) and the structure (2) is fixed.
  • the actuation bar (5) is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower and connected to the structure (2) by means of clamps (5.1) or similar means that allow the longitudinal displacement of the actuation bar (5) by action of the longitudinal actuator (4) and its necessary rotation to adapt to all inclination angles of the follower.
  • the actuation bar (5) is connected to each of the pillars (1) by means of a connecting rod (6) that is articulated in its two ends, at its lower end by means of an articular joint (6.1) to the pillar (1), and by means of an articular joint (6.2) to the fixing part (6.3) fixed on the bar (5), so that a displacement of the bar (5) by action of the longitudinal actuator produces the articular displacement of the connecting rod (6) at its ends, and when the lower end is fixed, produces the tilting, rotation or rotation of the structure (6).
  • An alternative embodiment to the direct acting longitudinal actuator (4) is by means of an indirect action hydraulic actuator, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the pantograph-like structure (8) comprises two long bars (8.1) and (8.2), joined together at the end (8.5) and the other ends (8.9), and (8.10) to different sections of actuating bars ( 5), it also comprises two short bars (8.3) and (8.4) joined together at the end (8.6) at a fixed point of the structure, and the other end of each short bar (8.3) and (8.4) is connected articulating to the midpoint (8.7) and (8.8) of the long bars, the ends of each of the action points of the hydraulic actuator (7) being also joined at said points (8.7) and (8.8).
  • the structure as a pantograph (7) must comply with the length of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) being twice the length of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4), and the attachment points (8.9 ) and (8.1) of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) with the actuation bars (5) and the fixing point (8.6) of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4) with the structure (2), They must be aligned.
  • a longitudinal actuator actuated by electric means comprising a gearmotor (9) fixed on the structure (2) and associated with at least one spindle (10) which in its turn produces the Linear displacement of the actuation bar (5) and as a consequence of its articular connection with the connecting rod (6), the tilting and rotation of the support structure of the photovoltaic panels takes place.

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuation mechanism for trackers or solar tracking systems, said tracker or solar tracking system comprising a series of multiple supports or pillars (1) on which a structure (2) for supporting and securing solar panels is disposed in an articulated manner. The actuation mechanism comprises a longitudinal actuator (4) that acts on a movable actuation bar (5) disposed parallel to the rotation axis of the tracker. The actuation bar (5) is connected to each pillar (1) by means of rods (6), the ends of which are joined to the actuation bar (5) and the pillars (6) in an articulated manner. The longitudinal actuator can be an electrically actuated actuator or a direct or indirect hydraulically actuated actuator. There is no limit to the dimensions of the cantilever and there is no obstacle between each row of trackers, owing to the longitudinal rather than transverse arrangement, thereby facilitating assembly and maintenance operations.

Description

ACTUATION MECHANISM FOR A SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM  ACTUATION MECHANISM FOR A SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Es objeto de la presente invención, tal y como el título de la invención establece, un mecanismo de actuación para sistema de seguimiento solar que permite el giro de un sistema de seguimiento solar multiapoyo, bien sea de uno o dos ejes. It is the object of the present invention, as the title of the invention establishes, an actuation mechanism for a solar tracking system that allows the rotation of a multi-support solar tracking system, either one or two axes.
Caracteriza a la presente invención las especiales características constructivas que presenta el sistema de seguimiento de solar de manera que disminuye la solicitación mecánica de la estructura permitiendo aligerar la misma y por lo tanto disminuir los costes de fabricación. It characterizes the present invention the special construction characteristics presented by the solar tracking system so that the mechanical request of the structure decreases allowing it to be lightened and therefore to reduce manufacturing costs.
Por lo tanto, la presente invención se circunscribe dentro del ámbito de los sistemas de accionamiento de seguimiento solar, bien sea a uno o a dos ejes, pero de manera particular dentro de los sistemas multiapoyo. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of solar tracking drive systems, either one or two axes, but particularly within multi-support systems. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El desarrollo de los sistemas de seguimiento solar persigue configuraciones que permitan disminuir costes de fabricación y/o instalación. El mecanismo de actuación que activa el movimiento es uno de los subsistemas principales debido a su repercusión en el coste total. Normalmente, el objetivo del diseñador del sistema es actuar cada vez sobre una mayor superficie de captadores ó módulos solares con sistemas de actuación más simples, con el objetivo de reducir el coste total de la instalación. The development of solar tracking systems pursues configurations that reduce manufacturing and / or installation costs. The mechanism of action that activates the movement is one of the main subsystems due to its impact on the total cost. Normally, the objective of the system designer is to act increasingly on a larger surface area of solar collectors or modules with simpler actuation systems, with the aim of reducing the total cost of the installation.
Originariamente se consideraron estructuras monoposte, sobre cuyo extremo superior se disponía la superficie de captación solar. Estos sistemas en su origen eran actuados con sistemas de actuación eléctricos, y más tarde hidráulicos conforme fue aumentando la superficie de captación.  Originally, single-pole structures were considered, on whose upper end the solar collection surface was arranged. These systems were originally operated with electrical actuation systems, and later hydraulic as the catchment area increased.
Posteriormente, tomaron más relevancia en el mercado los sistemas de seguimiento multiapoyo, generalmente con seguimiento en un solo eje, en los que la superficie de captación se hace girar alrededor de un eje horizontal que se soporta sobre varios pilares alineados. En esta configuración multiapoyo la actuación que impulsa el movimiento de la superficie solar se asocia a un solo punto de actuación en cada seguidor que corresponde a una fila de pilares. La presión ejercida por la carga de viento no es uniforme sobre la superficie de captación, lo que produce un momento torsor que reacciona sobre el punto de actuación con objeto de mantener el equilibrio estático de la estructura. Subsequently, multi-support tracking systems, generally with single-axis tracking, in which the catchment surface is rotated around a horizontal axis that is supported on several aligned pillars became more relevant in the market. In this multi-support configuration, the action that drives the movement of the solar surface is associated with a single point of action in each follower that corresponds to a row of pillars. The pressure exerted by the wind load is not uniform on the catchment surface, which produces a torsor moment that reacts on the point of action in order to maintain the static balance of the structure.
Como consecuencia del momento torsor originado por la no uniforme distribución de la presión ejercida sobre la superficie de captación, la dimensión del voladizo en torsión se encuentra limitada, ya que a mayor voladizo, mayor momento torsor, y en consecuencia es necesaria una mayor resistencia y rigidez a torsión a ambos lados del voladizo. Una solución comúnmente adoptada para no tener que dotar a cada uno de los seguidores de un motor de actuación independiente consiste en la conexión de varios seguidores a una barra de actuación transversal a los mismos que mediante una conexión mecánica, normalmente tipo biela, comanda el giro simultaneo de varios seguidores mediante un solo actuador eléctrico o hidráulico. As a consequence of the torsor moment caused by the non-uniform distribution of the pressure exerted on the catchment surface, the torsion cantilever dimension is limited, since the greater the cantilever, the greater torsor moment, and consequently a greater resistance and torsional stiffness on both sides of the overhang. A solution commonly adopted so as not to have to provide each of the followers with an independent actuation motor consists in the connection of several followers to a transverse actuation bar to them that by means of a mechanical connection, usually connecting rod type, commands the turn simultaneous of several followers by means of a single electric or hydraulic actuator.
Esta solución, además del inconveniente mencionado de la rigidez a torsión de la estructura que limita la longitud de los seguidores el sistema de actuación, presenta un obstáculo en cada fila entre seguidores que dificulta la circulación de vehículos y por tanto dificulta las labores de montaje y mantenimiento. This solution, in addition to the aforementioned inconvenience of the torsional stiffness of the structure that limits the length of the followers of the actuation system, presents an obstacle in each row between followers that hinders the movement of vehicles and therefore hinders the assembly work and maintenance.
Por lo tanto, es objeto de la presente invención desarrollar un mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de seguimiento solar multiapoyo, a uno o dos ejes, que supere los inconvenientes apuntados de limitación del voladizo por limitación de la rigidez y resistencia a la torsión, y por otro por impedir la circulación de vehículos en las labores de montaje y mantenimiento, desarrollando un sistema como el que a continuación se describe y que queda recogido en su esencialidad en la reivindicación primera. Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop an actuation mechanism for multi-support solar tracking systems, with one or two axes, which overcomes the pointed drawbacks of cantilever limitation due to stiffness limitation and torsion resistance, and by another for preventing the movement of vehicles in the assembly and maintenance work, developing a system such as the one described below and which is essentially included in the first claim.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Es objeto de la presente invención un mecanismo de actuación para sistema de seguimiento solar multiapoyo, bien sea a uno o dos ejes, que cuenta con una serie de apoyos o pilares sobre los que se dispone una estructura de soporte de los paneles de captación solar, contando esta estructura de soporte con un apoyo de unión articular sobre los pilares, y con un actuador longitudinal. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is the object of the present invention an actuation mechanism for a multi-support solar tracking system, either one or two axes, which has a series of supports or pillars on which a support structure of the panels is arranged from solar collection, counting this support structure with a joint joint support on the pillars, and with a longitudinal actuator.
El actuador longitudinal desplaza una barra de actuación paralela al eje de giro del seguidor que a su vez queda conectado por medio de unas bielas a cada uno de los pilares. The longitudinal actuator displaces an actuator bar parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower which in turn is connected by means of connecting rods to each of the pillars.
En definitiva la invención consigue el giro de la estructura de soporte de los módulos solares mediante el movimiento lineal de una barra de actuación. Los medios empleados en el actuador longitudinal pueden ser hidráulicos o eléctricos. In short, the invention achieves the rotation of the support structure of the solar modules through the linear movement of an actuation bar. The means used in the longitudinal actuator can be hydraulic or electric.
Sobre la barra de actuación paralela al eje de giro se fijan unas piezas sobre la que se dispone una pieza de unión articular de un extremo de la biela, mientras que el otro extremo de la biela queda unida de manera articular a los pilares. De manera que por medio de la actuación del actuador longitudinal se produce el desplazamiento de la barra paralela al eje de giro, al estar ésta vinculada con una biela, unida en sus dos extremos, se produce la basculación o giro de la estructura de soporte. On the actuator bar parallel to the axis of rotation, parts are fixed on which an articular joint piece of one end of the connecting rod is arranged, while the other end of the connecting rod is articulated jointly to the pillars. So that by means of the actuation of the longitudinal actuator, the displacement of the bar parallel to the axis of rotation occurs, as it is connected to a connecting rod, joined at its two ends, the tilting or rotation of the support structure occurs.
Entre los medios posibles de accionamiento del actuador lineal estarían medios eléctricos y medios hidráulicos. De entre los medios hidráulicos pueden emplearse actuador hidráulico de acción directa o uno de acción indirecta por medio de unas bielas a modo de pantógrafo, que garantice el movimiento lineal y simétrico de las barras de actuación, lo que permite el empleo de un actuador hidráulico de menor tamaño y coste. Among the possible means of actuation of the linear actuator would be electrical means and hydraulic means. Among the hydraulic means, a direct-acting or indirect-acting hydraulic actuator can be used by means of a pantograph-like connecting rod, which guarantees the linear and symmetrical movement of the actuating bars, which allows the use of a hydraulic actuator of Smaller size and cost.
Esta última alternativa resulta especialmente ventajosa en el caso de em plear actuadores hidráulicos, ya que permite corregir pequeñas desviaciones en torsión de la estructura debidas a las tolerancias de fabricación o montaje. También permite un mayor grado de relajación de la resistencia a torsión de la estructura con el consiguiente ahorro de coste. This last alternative is especially advantageous in the case of using hydraulic actuators, since it allows to correct small deviations in torsion of the structure due to manufacturing or assembly tolerances. It also allows a greater degree of relaxation of the torsional strength of the structure with the consequent cost savings.
De entre las posibles soluciones de actuadores lineales eléctricos cabe señalar como posible forma de realización el empleo de un conjunto de motorreductor y husillos Gracias a esta configuración se consigue la doble finalidad buscada para un sistema de actuación de seguimiento solar multiapoyo: no tener limitación alguna de la dimensión del voladizo en torsión puesto que todas las vigas estarían apoyadas, y que no suponga obstáculo alguno entre cada fila de seguidores, al disponerse longitudinalmente y no transversalmente, lo que facilita las labores de montaje y mantenimiento. EXPLICACION DE LAS FIGURAS Among the possible solutions of electric linear actuators, the use of a gearmotor and spindle assembly can be noted as a possible embodiment. Thanks to this configuration, the dual purpose sought for a multi-support solar tracking action system is achieved: no limitation of the torsion cantilever dimension since all the beams would be supported, and that do not suppose any obstacle between each row of followers, when arranged longitudinally and not transversely, which facilitates the assembly and maintenance work. EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente. To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented.
En la figura 1 , podemos observar una representación general de un sistema de seguimiento solar multiapoyo con un mecanismo de actuación lineal hidráulico directo. In Figure 1, we can see a general representation of a multi-support solar tracking system with a direct hydraulic linear actuation mechanism.
En la figura 2, se muestra en detalle el mecanismo de actuación. In Figure 2, the actuation mechanism is shown in detail.
En la figura 3, se muestra una forma de realización alternativa al sistema de actuación lineal hidráulico. In figure 3, an alternative embodiment to the hydraulic linear actuation system is shown.
En la figura 4, se muestra una forma de realización relativa al sistema de actuación lineal accionado por medios eléctricos. In figure 4, an embodiment relative to the linear actuation system driven by electric means is shown.
En la figura 5, se muestra una representación de una disposición alineada de varias vigas en el seguidor, estando accionados los paneles solares por un mecanismo de actuación como el que es objeto de la invención. In Figure 5, a representation of an aligned arrangement of several beams in the follower is shown, the solar panels being operated by an actuation mechanism such as that which is the object of the invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN. A la vista de las figuras se describe seguidamente un modo de realización preferente de la invención propuesta. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION. In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.
El mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de seguimiento solar o seguidores, donde el sistema de seguimiento solar o seguidor comprende una serie de múltiples apoyos o pilares (1), sobre los que se dispone de forma articular una estructura (2) para soporte y fijación de unos paneles solares está caracterizado porque el mecanismo de actuación comprende un actuador longitudinal (4) que actúa sobre una barra de actuación (5) desplazable y dispuesta de forma paralela al eje de giro del seguidor, quedando la barra de actuación (5) unida a los pilares (1) por medio de unas bielas (6) unida en sus extremos a la barra de actuación (5) y a los pilares (1) de manera articular. The actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems or trackers, where the solar tracking system or follower comprises a series of multiple supports or pillars (1), on which a structure (2) for supporting and fixing of the elements is arranged articulated. solar panels are characterized in that the actuation mechanism comprises a longitudinal actuator (4) that acts on a bar of actuation (5) movable and arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower, the actuation bar (5) being attached to the pillars (1) by means of connecting rods (6) attached at its ends to the actuation bar ( 5) and to the pillars (1) articularly.
La unión articular entre la estructura (2) y los pilares o apoyos se produce por medio de la pieza eje de apoyo (3) de la estructura (2), que queda unida de manera articular sobre el pilar (1). El actuador lineal (4), puede ser un actuador hidráulico o eléctrico, y actúa según un eje paralelo al eje de giro de la estructura (2). The articular joint between the structure (2) and the pillars or supports is produced by means of the support shaft piece (3) of the structure (2), which is jointly joined on the pillar (1). The linear actuator (4), can be a hydraulic or electric actuator, and acts along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the structure (2).
En la figura 1 se muestra una posible forma de realización del actuador longitudinal o lineal (4) en caso de ser hidráulico. En este caso el actuador longitudinal, es un actuador hidráulico (4) de actuación directa con cilindro de doble vástago. Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of the longitudinal or linear actuator (4) if it is hydraulic. In this case the longitudinal actuator is a direct acting hydraulic actuator (4) with double rod cylinder.
El actuador longitudinal (4) queda fijado sobre la estructura (2) por medio de unas piezas de fijación (4.1 ) a modo de abrazaderas, por lo que la posición relativa del actuador longidutinal (4) y la estructura (2) es fija. The longitudinal actuator (4) is fixed on the structure (2) by means of fixing parts (4.1) as clamps, whereby the relative position of the longidutinal actuator (4) and the structure (2) is fixed.
La barra de actuación (5) está dispuesta de manera paralela al eje de giro del seguidor y unida con la estructura (2) por medio de unas abrazaderas (5.1) o medios similares que permiten el desplazamiento longitudinal de la barra de actuación (5) por acción del actuador longitudinal (4) y su giro necesario para adaptarse a todos los ángulos de inclinación del seguidor. The actuation bar (5) is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower and connected to the structure (2) by means of clamps (5.1) or similar means that allow the longitudinal displacement of the actuation bar (5) by action of the longitudinal actuator (4) and its necessary rotation to adapt to all inclination angles of the follower.
En la figura 2, se observa más en detalle la relación entre todos los elementos. La barra de actuación (5) está unida con cada uno de los pilares (1 ) por medio de una biela (6) que está unida de manera articular en sus dos extremos, en su extremo inferior por medio de una unión articular (6.1) al pilar (1 ), y por medio de una unión articular (6.2) a la pieza de fijación (6.3) fijada sobre la barra (5), de manera que un desplazamiento de la barra (5) por acción del actuador longitudinal produce el desplazamiento articular de la biela (6) en sus extremos, y al ser fijo el extremo inferior, produce la basculación, giro o rotación de la estructura (6). Una forma de realización alternativa al actuador longitudinal (4) de acción directa, es por medio de un actuador hidráulico de acción indirecta, tal y como se muestra en la figura 3. La actuación indirecta sobre la barra de actuación (5) por medios hidráulicos se consigue empleando una estructura a modo de pantógrafo (8) y de un actuador hidráulico de doble efecto (7). La estructura a modo de pantógrafo (8) comprende dos barras largas (8.1 ) y (8.2), unidas entre sí en el extremo (8.5) y los otros extremos (8.9), y (8.10) a diferentes tramos de barras de actuación (5), también comprende dos barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4) unidas entre sí en el extremo (8.6) en un punto fijo de la estructura, y el otro extremo de cada barra corta (8.3) y (8.4) está unido de manera articular al punto medio (8.7) y (8.8) de las barras largas, estando también unidos en dichos puntos (8.7) y (8.8) los extremos de cada uno de los puntos de acción del actuador hidráulico (7). In Figure 2, the relationship between all the elements is observed in more detail. The actuation bar (5) is connected to each of the pillars (1) by means of a connecting rod (6) that is articulated in its two ends, at its lower end by means of an articular joint (6.1) to the pillar (1), and by means of an articular joint (6.2) to the fixing part (6.3) fixed on the bar (5), so that a displacement of the bar (5) by action of the longitudinal actuator produces the articular displacement of the connecting rod (6) at its ends, and when the lower end is fixed, produces the tilting, rotation or rotation of the structure (6). An alternative embodiment to the direct acting longitudinal actuator (4) is by means of an indirect action hydraulic actuator, as shown in Figure 3. Indirect action on the actuation bar (5) by hydraulic means It is achieved using a pantograph structure (8) and a double acting hydraulic actuator (7). The pantograph-like structure (8) comprises two long bars (8.1) and (8.2), joined together at the end (8.5) and the other ends (8.9), and (8.10) to different sections of actuating bars ( 5), it also comprises two short bars (8.3) and (8.4) joined together at the end (8.6) at a fixed point of the structure, and the other end of each short bar (8.3) and (8.4) is connected articulating to the midpoint (8.7) and (8.8) of the long bars, the ends of each of the action points of the hydraulic actuator (7) being also joined at said points (8.7) and (8.8).
La estructura a modo de pantógrafo (7) debe cumplir que la longitud de las barras largas (8.1) y (8.2) sea el doble de la longitud de las barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4), y los puntos de unión (8.9) y (8.1 ) de la barras largas (8.1 ) y (8.2) con las barras de actuación (5) y el punto de fijación (8.6) de las barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4) con la estructura (2), deben estar alineados. The structure as a pantograph (7) must comply with the length of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) being twice the length of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4), and the attachment points (8.9 ) and (8.1) of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) with the actuation bars (5) and the fixing point (8.6) of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4) with the structure (2), They must be aligned.
Gracias a esta configuración es posible emplear un actuador hidráulico de menor tamaño y coste, permitiendo además corregir pequeñas desviaciones en torsión de la estructura debidas a las tolerancias de fabricación o montaje. Thanks to this configuration it is possible to use a hydraulic actuator of smaller size and cost, allowing also to correct small deviations in torsion of the structure due to manufacturing or assembly tolerances.
En la figura 4, se muestra la forma de ejecución de un actuador longitudinal actuado por medios eléctricos, que comprende un motorreductor (9) fijado sobre la estructura (2) y asociado a al menos un husillo (10) que en su giro produce el desplazamiento lineal de la barra de actuación (5) y como consecuencia de su unión articular con la biela (6) se produce la basculación y giro de la estructura de soporte de los paneles fotovoltaicos. In figure 4, the embodiment of a longitudinal actuator actuated by electric means is shown, comprising a gearmotor (9) fixed on the structure (2) and associated with at least one spindle (10) which in its turn produces the Linear displacement of the actuation bar (5) and as a consequence of its articular connection with the connecting rod (6), the tilting and rotation of the support structure of the photovoltaic panels takes place.
Finalmente, en la figura 5 se puede observar la disposición alineada de varias vigas del seguidor sobre los que se han dispuesto una estructura de soporte articulada en su unión con los pilares, que a su vez cuenta con una serie de paneles solares, siendo posible su accionamiento por medio de un actuador longitudinal que actúa sobre una barra de actuación (5) desplazable y dispuesta de forma paralela al eje de giro del seguidor, quedando la barra de actuación (5) unida a cada pilar (1) por medio de una biela (6). Finally, in figure 5 the aligned arrangement of several follower beams can be observed on which an articulated support structure has been arranged at its junction with the pillars, which in turn has a series of solar panels, its possible actuation by means of a longitudinal actuator acting on a movable actuation bar (5) and arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower, the actuation bar (5) being attached to each pillar (1) by means of a connecting rod (6).
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, se hace constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba, siempre que no altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example. , and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de seguimiento solar o seguidores, donde el sistema de seguimiento solar o seguidor comprende una serie de múltiples apoyos o pilares (1), sobre los que se dispone de forma articular una estructura (2) para soporte y fijación de unos paneles solares caracterizado porque el mecanismo de actuación comprende un actuador longitudinal (4) (7), (9) que actúa sobre una barra de actuación (5) desplazable y dispuesta de forma paralela al eje de giro del seguidor, quedando la barra (5) unida a cada pilar (1) por medio de unas bielas (6) unidas en sus extremos a la barra (5) y a los pilares (1) de manera articular. 1. - Mechanism of action for solar tracking systems or trackers, where the solar tracking system or follower comprises a series of multiple supports or pillars (1), on which a structure (2) is provided to articulate for support and fixing of solar panels characterized in that the actuation mechanism comprises a longitudinal actuator (4) (7), (9) that acts on a movable actuation bar (5) and arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the follower, leaving the bar (5) attached to each pillar (1) by means of connecting rods (6) joined at its ends to the bar (5) and to the pillars (1) articularly.
2. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui m iento solar, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el actuador longitudinal (4), (7) es un actuador hidráulico. 2. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal actuator (4), (7) is a hydraulic actuator.
3. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui m iento solar, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el actuador hidráulico (4) es de acción directa estando fijado el actuador longitudinal (4) sobre la estructura (2) por medio de unas piezas de fijación (4.1) a modo de abrazaderas. 3. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic actuator (4) is of direct action with the longitudinal actuator (4) being fixed on the structure (2) by means of parts fixing (4.1) as clamps.
4. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui m iento solar, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el actuador hidráulico es de acción indirecta comprendiendo una estructura a modo de pantógrafo (8) y de un actuador hidráulico de doble efecto (7). 4. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic actuator is of indirect action comprising a pantograph-like structure (8) and a double-acting hydraulic actuator (7).
5. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui m iento solar, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la estructura a modo de pantógrafo (8) comprende dos barras largas (8.1 ) y (8.2), unidas entre sí en el extremo (8.5) y los otros extremos (8.9), y (8.10) a diferentes tramos de barras de actuación (5), también comprende dos barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4) unidas entre sí en el extremo (8.6) en un punto fijo de la estructura, y el otro extremo de cada barra corta (8.3) y (8.4) está unido de manera articular al punto medio (8.7) y (8.8) de las barras largas, estando también unidos en dichos puntos (8.7) y (8.8) los extremos de cada uno de los puntos de acción del actuador hidráulico (7). 5. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 4, characterized in that the pantograph-like structure (8) comprises two long bars (8.1) and (8.2), joined together at the end (8.5 ) and the other ends (8.9), and (8.10) to different sections of actuating bars (5), also comprises two short bars (8.3) and (8.4) joined together at the end (8.6) at a fixed point of the structure, and the other end of each short bar (8.3) and (8.4) is jointly connected to the midpoint (8.7) and (8.8) of the long bars, also being joined at said points (8.7) and (8.8) ) the ends of each of the action points of the hydraulic actuator (7).
6. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui m iento solar, según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque la longitud de las barras largas (8.1) y (8.2) sea el doble de la longitud de las barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4), y los puntos de unión (8.9) y (8.1 ) de la barras largas (8.1 ) y (8.2) con las barras de actuación (5) y el punto de fijación (8.6) de las barras cortas (8.3) y (8.4) con la estructura (2), deben estar alineados. 6. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 5, characterized in that the length of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) is twice the length of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4), and the junction points (8.9) and (8.1) of the long bars (8.1) and (8.2) with the actuation bars (5) and the fixing point (8.6) of the short bars (8.3) and (8.4) with the structure (2), must be aligned.
7.- M ecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui mient o solar, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el actuador longitudinal (4) es accionado de modo eléctrico. 7. Mechanism of action for solar monitoring systems, according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal actuator (4) is electrically actuated.
8.- M ecanismo de actuación para sistemas de segui miento solar, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el actuador longitudinal (4) accionado eléctricamente comprende un motorreductor (9) fijado sobre la estructura y asociado a al menos un husillo (10) que en su giro produce el desplazamiento lineal de la barra de actuación (5) y como consecuencia de su unión articular con la biela (6) se produce la basculación y giro de la estructura de soporte de los paneles fotovoltaicos. 8. The actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically operated longitudinal actuator (4) comprises a gearmotor (9) fixed on the structure and associated with at least one spindle (10) which in its turn it produces the linear displacement of the actuation bar (5) and as a consequence of its articular connection with the connecting rod (6) the tilting and rotation of the support structure of the photovoltaic panels takes place.
9. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de seguimiento solar, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la barra de actuación (5) está unida con la estructura (2) por medio de unas abrazaderas (5.1) o medios similares que permiten el desplazamiento longitudinal de la barra de actuación (5) respecto de la estructura (2) por acción del actuador longitudinal (4). 9. - Actuation mechanism for solar tracking systems, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuation bar (5) is connected to the structure (2) by means of clamps (5.1) or similar means that allow the longitudinal displacement of the actuation bar (5) with respect to the structure (2) by action of the longitudinal actuator (4).
10. - Mecanismo de actuación para sistemas de seguimiento solar, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque cada biela (6) queda unida de manera articular con cada pilar (1 ) en un punto fijo por medio de una unión articular (6.1), mientras que su unión con la barra (5) se realiza por medio de una unión articular (6.2) sobre la pieza de fijación (6.3) fijada sobre la barra de actuación (5). 10. - Mechanism of action for solar tracking systems, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each connecting rod (6) is jointly connected with each pillar (1) at a fixed point by means of an articular joint (6.1) , while its union with the bar (5) is carried out by means of an articular joint (6.2) on the fixing part (6.3) fixed on the actuation bar (5).
PCT/ES2013/070036 2013-01-29 2013-01-29 Actuation mechanism for a solar tracking system WO2014118395A1 (en)

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US4345582A (en) * 1979-11-19 1982-08-24 Aharon Naaman B System for the utilization of solar energy
DE102004018151A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2005-10-27 Neff, Siegfried Solar modules adjusting device for use in house, has power transmission linkages connected with solar modules and cooperating with connecting links, such that it drives solar modules when links are driven by drive motors
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