WO2014114336A1 - Fastener element - Google Patents

Fastener element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014114336A1
WO2014114336A1 PCT/EP2013/051329 EP2013051329W WO2014114336A1 WO 2014114336 A1 WO2014114336 A1 WO 2014114336A1 EP 2013051329 W EP2013051329 W EP 2013051329W WO 2014114336 A1 WO2014114336 A1 WO 2014114336A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fastener element
side walls
extension
element according
base part
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/051329
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Schaake
Original Assignee
Aktiebolaget Skf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aktiebolaget Skf filed Critical Aktiebolaget Skf
Priority to PCT/EP2013/051329 priority Critical patent/WO2014114336A1/en
Publication of WO2014114336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014114336A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fastener element made of a fibre-reinforced composite material.
  • the fastener extends in a longitudinal direction for transmitting a load to a machine part, and is fixed at one of its axial end regions with the machine part, wherein the load is acting on the fastener element at the other axial end region in a load area.
  • the fastener element comprises a base part extending in the longitudinal direction, where the load area is arranged, and has side walls that extend under an angle from the base part, having a height.
  • Fastener elements are used in many applications to transfer a force acting on the element with a certain distance from the machine part into the same. Due to the fact that the load is acting at distance from the machine part onto the fastener element, a bending moment is exerted on the fastener element. Thus, the fastener element must be able to withstand a certain bending moment without failure, to securely transfer the load into the machine part.
  • the fastener element is made of a fiber-composite material, the bending moment can cause shear between the fibers, which limits the bending stiffness of the fastener element.
  • a s o l u t i o n according to the invention is characterized in that the side walls of the fastener element have a substantially constant height along a first extension of the fastener element, which first extension extends from the machine part to a transition region, wherein the load area is arranged along a second extension of the fastener element adjoining to the first extension, wherein the height of the side walls is reduced from the transition region to the axial end of the fastener element remote from the machine part and wherein at least the side walls are made of a composite material which comprises a number of continuous reinforcement fibers extending from the machine part to the axial end region remote from the machine part.
  • the continuous reinforcement fibers extend preferably completely from the machine part to the axial end region remote from the machine part.
  • the side walls comprise continuous fibers that run from the machine part in a longitudinal direction, along the first extension, which then, along the second extension, run down from the transition region to the level of the base part, where the load area is arranged.
  • the fibers preferably run substantially parallel to the base part.
  • the side walls and the base part can consist of a woven material made of or consisting of the continuous reinforcement fibers.
  • the side walls and the base part can consist of a plastic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers are embedded.
  • side walls and the base part consist of a metallic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers are embedded.
  • the continuous reinforcement fibers are preferably carbon fibers, glass fibers or aramid fibers.
  • the above-mentioned angle is preferably 90°.
  • the fastener element can further have a U-shaped form in a cross-section area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the reduction of the height takes place from the transition region to the axial end of the fastener element at least partially, preferably totally, in a linear manner.
  • the base part and the side walls have preferably a planar shape.
  • the load area is preferably arranged between the transition region and the axial end of the fastener element.
  • the height of the side walls is zero in a final section of the second extension of the fastener element. In this case it can be provided that the load area is arranged within the second extension of the fastener element where the final section begins; alternatively, the load area can be arranged within the final section.
  • the fibers which are preferably employed are thus arranged in such a manner by the proposed geometry of the fastener element that shear in the fastener element is decreased or even prevented. Said fibers are thus placed such that they guide forces in tension rather than in shear. The fibers are thus arranged in such a manner that they are located in the load path as much as possible.
  • the fastener element can be provided in a lightweight design that is capable of transmitting high forces and withstanding high bending moments.
  • Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a fastener element, which is fixed at a machine part with one of its ends and which is loaded with a force at its other end,
  • Fig. 2 shows the side view of the fastener element according to Fig. 1, wherein the run of continuous reinforcement fibers in the side walls is illustrated for an embodiment of the invention
  • a fastener element 1 is shown which is fixed with one of its axial end regions 3 at a machine part 2. In the other axial end region 4 a force F is acting on the fastener element 1 in a load area 5.
  • the fastener element 1 has a longitudinal direction L; the total length of the fastener element 1 is L 0 .
  • the fastener element 1 made of a composite material comprising continuous reinforcing fibers, and is designed to transmit a quite high force F from the load area 5 to the machine part 2.
  • the fastener element 1 must have a high capability to carry bending moments.
  • the normal equation for calculating the bending stiffness is to use the Euler- Bernoulli equation to calculate the deflection ⁇ of a beam with length L under a load F as a function of the second moment of area I and the Young's modulus E:
  • G is the shear modulus and ⁇ is a shear factor dependent on the poisson ratio and the geometry.
  • a typical range of values for ⁇ is 0.8 to 1 for isotropic materials.
  • shear may be neglected if L > 16 A. In compact structures such as fasteners, this is not the case.
  • composites are not an isotropic material.
  • the interlamellar shear modulus can be many times smaller than the Young's modulus in the fiber direction.
  • E/G is typically about 3 for isotropic materials
  • E/G can be in the order of 100 for fiber composite sheets. Consequently, the length to moment of area ratio I/L needs to be approximately 30 times bigger than for an isotropic material.
  • the stiffness of fiber composite materials used in compact structures is therefore limited by shear.
  • the fastener element 1 has a base part 6 which is flat and forms the bottom of the fastener element 1. From the base part 6 two side walls 7 and 8 extend upwards under an angle a. This angle is 90° in the case of the depicted embodiment.
  • the fastener element 1 can be divided into two sections:
  • first extension i the walls 7, 8 of the fastener element 1 have a certain height H which is constant.
  • This first extension Li abuts (at its left side) to the machine part 2.
  • the height h of the walls 7, 8 of the fastener element 1 decreases. More specifically, the height of the walls 7, 8 is constant along the first extension Li to the end of the first extension L l 5 namely until a transition region 9 is reached, where the second extension L 2 begins.
  • the height h is reduced in a linear way until it becomes zero; here a final section 11 of the base part 6 begins and extends to the axial end 10 of the fastener element 1.
  • Fig. 2 the run of the reinforcement fibers 12 is depicted, i. e. the placement of fibers 12 in the side walls 7 and 8.
  • the fibers 12 are continuously running in this embodiment from the axial end region 3 of the side wall 7, 8 to the axial end region 4.
  • the fibers 12 are embedded in the base material of the walls 7, 8 which can be e. g. plastic material.
  • the fibers are oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction L.
  • the fibers 12 are uniformly distributed along the height H of the side walls 7, 8.
  • the final section 11 may comprise no fibers; alternatively, the fibers 12 can run along this part of the fastener element as well.
  • the force F is applied as shown in Fig. 2, i. e. at that location where the height h of the side walls 7, 8 just becomes zero. Due to the shown concept the U-shaped structure of the base part 6 and the side walls 7, 8 is not extended beyond the load line of the force F. The end of the U-shaped profile is here at the edge of the load area 5, i. e. where the height h becomes zero.
  • the cross- section of the fastener element 1 is thus optimized to minimize shear.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastener element fixed at one of its axial end regions (3) with the machine part (2), comprising a base part (6) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) with side walls (7, 8) of a composite material arranged at the base part (6), under an angle, the side walls (7, 8) having a substantially constant height (H) along a first extension (L1) and a transition along a second extension, wherein the height (h) of the side walls (7, 8) is reduced from the transition region (9) to the axial end (10) of the fastener element (1) remote from the machine part (2) and wherein at least a part of the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) is arranged to run down from the transition region (9) to the level of the base part (6) along the second extension (L2) of the fastener element (1).

Description

Fastener Element
Technical Field
The invention relates to fastener element made of a fibre-reinforced composite material. The fastener extends in a longitudinal direction for transmitting a load to a machine part, and is fixed at one of its axial end regions with the machine part, wherein the load is acting on the fastener element at the other axial end region in a load area. The fastener element comprises a base part extending in the longitudinal direction, where the load area is arranged, and has side walls that extend under an angle from the base part, having a height.
Background
Fastener elements are used in many applications to transfer a force acting on the element with a certain distance from the machine part into the same. Due to the fact that the load is acting at distance from the machine part onto the fastener element, a bending moment is exerted on the fastener element. Thus, the fastener element must be able to withstand a certain bending moment without failure, to securely transfer the load into the machine part. When the fastener element is made of a fiber-composite material, the bending moment can cause shear between the fibers, which limits the bending stiffness of the fastener element. It is an o b j e c t of the present invention to propose a fastener element of the kind defined above in which shear forces during load are reduced or even prevented and the fibres in the material of the fastener element are basically stressed only by tensile forces.
Summary of the invention
A s o l u t i o n according to the invention is characterized in that the side walls of the fastener element have a substantially constant height along a first extension of the fastener element, which first extension extends from the machine part to a transition region, wherein the load area is arranged along a second extension of the fastener element adjoining to the first extension, wherein the height of the side walls is reduced from the transition region to the axial end of the fastener element remote from the machine part and wherein at least the side walls are made of a composite material which comprises a number of continuous reinforcement fibers extending from the machine part to the axial end region remote from the machine part.
The continuous reinforcement fibers extend preferably completely from the machine part to the axial end region remote from the machine part.
The side walls comprise continuous fibers that run from the machine part in a longitudinal direction, along the first extension, which then, along the second extension, run down from the transition region to the level of the base part, where the load area is arranged.
Along the first extension, the fibers preferably run substantially parallel to the base part. The side walls and the base part can consist of a woven material made of or consisting of the continuous reinforcement fibers.
Alternatively, the side walls and the base part can consist of a plastic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers are embedded.
A further alternative solution suggests that the side walls and the base part consist of a metallic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers are embedded.
The continuous reinforcement fibers are preferably carbon fibers, glass fibers or aramid fibers.
The above-mentioned angle is preferably 90°.
The fastener element can further have a U-shaped form in a cross-section area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the reduction of the height takes place from the transition region to the axial end of the fastener element at least partially, preferably totally, in a linear manner.
The base part and the side walls have preferably a planar shape. The load area is preferably arranged between the transition region and the axial end of the fastener element. Preferably, the height of the side walls is zero in a final section of the second extension of the fastener element. In this case it can be provided that the load area is arranged within the second extension of the fastener element where the final section begins; alternatively, the load area can be arranged within the final section.
The fibers which are preferably employed are thus arranged in such a manner by the proposed geometry of the fastener element that shear in the fastener element is decreased or even prevented. Said fibers are thus placed such that they guide forces in tension rather than in shear. The fibers are thus arranged in such a manner that they are located in the load path as much as possible. Thus, the fastener element can be provided in a lightweight design that is capable of transmitting high forces and withstanding high bending moments.
Brief description of the drawing
The drawings show embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a fastener element, which is fixed at a machine part with one of its ends and which is loaded with a force at its other end,
Fig. 2 shows the side view of the fastener element according to Fig. 1, wherein the run of continuous reinforcement fibers in the side walls is illustrated for an embodiment of the invention and
Detailed description
In Fig. 1 a fastener element 1 is shown which is fixed with one of its axial end regions 3 at a machine part 2. In the other axial end region 4 a force F is acting on the fastener element 1 in a load area 5. The fastener element 1 has a longitudinal direction L; the total length of the fastener element 1 is L0.
The fastener element 1 made of a composite material comprising continuous reinforcing fibers, and is designed to transmit a quite high force F from the load area 5 to the machine part 2. Thus, the fastener element 1 must have a high capability to carry bending moments.
The following general remarks should be given:
The normal equation for calculating the bending stiffness is to use the Euler- Bernoulli equation to calculate the deflection δ of a beam with length L under a load F as a function of the second moment of area I and the Young's modulus E:
F -ύ
3 - E -I
The Euler-Bernoulli equation assumes that shear is negligible. As a guideline this is possible if
E -J « 1
K -L2 A G
Where G is the shear modulus and κ is a shear factor dependent on the poisson ratio and the geometry. A typical range of values for κ is 0.8 to 1 for isotropic materials. For isotropic materials, shear may be neglected if L > 16 A. In compact structures such as fasteners, this is not the case. Furthermore, composites are not an isotropic material. The interlamellar shear modulus can be many times smaller than the Young's modulus in the fiber direction. For example, while E/G is typically about 3 for isotropic materials, E/G can be in the order of 100 for fiber composite sheets. Consequently, the length to moment of area ratio I/L needs to be approximately 30 times bigger than for an isotropic material. The stiffness of fiber composite materials used in compact structures (small length/height ratio) is therefore limited by shear.
The following measures are therefore taken to avoid shear forces in the fastener element according to the invention:
The fastener element 1 has a base part 6 which is flat and forms the bottom of the fastener element 1. From the base part 6 two side walls 7 and 8 extend upwards under an angle a. This angle is 90° in the case of the depicted embodiment.
As can be seen from Fig. 1 the fastener element 1 can be divided into two sections:
Along a first extension i the walls 7, 8 of the fastener element 1 have a certain height H which is constant. This first extension Li abuts (at its left side) to the machine part 2.
Along a second extension L2 (abutting at the first extension Li) the height h of the walls 7, 8 of the fastener element 1 decreases. More specifically, the height of the walls 7, 8 is constant along the first extension Li to the end of the first extension Ll 5 namely until a transition region 9 is reached, where the second extension L2 begins. Along the second extension L2 the height h is reduced in a linear way until it becomes zero; here a final section 11 of the base part 6 begins and extends to the axial end 10 of the fastener element 1.
In Fig. 2 the run of the reinforcement fibers 12 is depicted, i. e. the placement of fibers 12 in the side walls 7 and 8. As can be seen the fibers 12 are continuously running in this embodiment from the axial end region 3 of the side wall 7, 8 to the axial end region 4. The fibers 12 are embedded in the base material of the walls 7, 8 which can be e. g. plastic material.
Along the first extension Li the fibers are oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction L. In the depicted embodiment the fibers 12 are uniformly distributed along the height H of the side walls 7, 8.
From the transition region 9 the fibers run downwards and converge at the location where the height h becomes zero, thus creating a load path which maximizes tension in the continuous fibers and minimized shear.
The final section 11 may comprise no fibers; alternatively, the fibers 12 can run along this part of the fastener element as well. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the force F is applied as shown in Fig. 2, i. e. at that location where the height h of the side walls 7, 8 just becomes zero. Due to the shown concept the U-shaped structure of the base part 6 and the side walls 7, 8 is not extended beyond the load line of the force F. The end of the U-shaped profile is here at the edge of the load area 5, i. e. where the height h becomes zero.
The cross- section of the fastener element 1 is thus optimized to minimize shear.
Reference Numerals:
Fastener element
Machine part
Axial end region
Axial end region
Load area
Base part
Side wall
Side wall
Transition region
Axial end
Final section
Reinforcement fiber
Longitudinal direction
First extension
Second extension
Total length
Height of side walls along first extension Height of side walls along second extension
Load (force)
Angle

Claims

Patent Claims:
1. Fastener element (1) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) for transmitting a load (F) to a machine part (2), wherein the fastener element (1) is fixed at one of its axial end regions (3) with the machine part (2), wherein the load (F) is acting onto the fastener element (1) at the other axial end region (4) in a load area (5), wherein the fastener element (1) comprises a base part (6) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) and having the load area (5), wherein side walls (7, 8) are arranged at the base part (6), wherein the side walls (7, 8) extend under an angle (a) from the base part (6) and have a height (H), and wherein at least the side walls (7, 8) are made of a composite material which comprises a number of continuous reinforcement fibers (12) extending at least partially from the machine part (2) to the axial end region (4) remote from the machine part (2).
characterized in that
the side walls (7, 8) have a substantially constant height (H) along a first extension (Li) of the fastener element (1), which first extension (Li) extends from the machine part (2) to a transition region (9), wherein the load area (5) is arranged along a second extension (L2) of the fastener element (1) adjoining to the first extension (Li), wherein the height (h) of the side walls (7, 8) is reduced from the transition region (9) to the axial end (10) of the fastener element (1) remote from the machine part (2) and wherein at least a part of the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) is arranged to run down from the transition region (9) to the level of the base part (6) along the second extension (L2) of the fastener element (1).
2. Fastener element according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) extend completely from the machine part (2) to the axial end region (4) remote from the machine part (2).
3. Fastener element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least a part of the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) is running parallel to the base part (6) in longitudinal direction along the first extension (I^) of the fastener element (1).
4. Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side walls (7, 8) and the base part (6) consist of a woven material made of or consisting of the continuous reinforcement fibers (12).
5. Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side walls (7, 8) and the base part (6) consist of a plastic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) are embedded.
6 Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the side walls (7, 8) and the base part (6) consist of a metallic material in which the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) are embedded.
Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the continuous reinforcement fibers (12) are carbon fibers, glass fibers or aramid fibers.
8 Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the angle (a) is 90°.
Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the fastener has a U-shaped form in a cross section area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (L).
10. Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reduction of the height (h) takes place from the transition region (9) to the axial end (10) of the fastener element (1) at least partially, preferably totally, in a linear manner.
11. Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the base part (6) and the side walls (7, 8) have a planar shape.
12. Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the load area (5) is arranged between the transition region (9) and the axial end (10) of the fastener element (1).
Fastener element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the height (h) of the side walls (7, 8) is zero in a final section (1 1) of the second extension (L2) of the fastener element (1).
Fastener element according to claim 13, characterized in that the load area (5) is arranged within the second extension (L2) of the fastener element (1) where the final section (11) begins.
15. Fastener element according to claim 13, characterized in that the load area (5) is arranged within the final section (1 1).
PCT/EP2013/051329 2013-01-24 2013-01-24 Fastener element WO2014114336A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/051329 WO2014114336A1 (en) 2013-01-24 2013-01-24 Fastener element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/051329 WO2014114336A1 (en) 2013-01-24 2013-01-24 Fastener element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014114336A1 true WO2014114336A1 (en) 2014-07-31

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/051329 WO2014114336A1 (en) 2013-01-24 2013-01-24 Fastener element

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4715560A (en) * 1983-03-14 1987-12-29 Lear Fan Limited Composite cruciform structure for joining intersecting structural members of an airframe and the like
DE19805456A1 (en) * 1997-02-22 1998-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Fibre compound component, e.g. for use as vehicle flooring section
US6062996A (en) * 1996-03-25 2000-05-16 Fiberspar, Inc. Formable sports implement
DE10060042A1 (en) * 2000-12-02 2002-06-06 Inst Konstruktion Und Verbundb Fiber reinforced metal and plastic component for high loads on machines and vehicles has long fibers extending from a metal into a plastic part
EP1388611A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-02-11 Toray Industries, Inc. SOUND−PROOF WALL MADE OF FRP, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
EP1609704A2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-28 MTB Baustoffhandelsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Chassis for heavy goods vehicle or trailer
WO2008041019A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2008-04-10 Airbus Uk Limited Fitting
US20100266833A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2010-10-21 Webcore Technologies, Inc Fiber reinforced composite cores and panels

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4715560A (en) * 1983-03-14 1987-12-29 Lear Fan Limited Composite cruciform structure for joining intersecting structural members of an airframe and the like
US6062996A (en) * 1996-03-25 2000-05-16 Fiberspar, Inc. Formable sports implement
DE19805456A1 (en) * 1997-02-22 1998-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Fibre compound component, e.g. for use as vehicle flooring section
DE10060042A1 (en) * 2000-12-02 2002-06-06 Inst Konstruktion Und Verbundb Fiber reinforced metal and plastic component for high loads on machines and vehicles has long fibers extending from a metal into a plastic part
US20100266833A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2010-10-21 Webcore Technologies, Inc Fiber reinforced composite cores and panels
EP1388611A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-02-11 Toray Industries, Inc. SOUND−PROOF WALL MADE OF FRP, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
EP1609704A2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-28 MTB Baustoffhandelsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Chassis for heavy goods vehicle or trailer
WO2008041019A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2008-04-10 Airbus Uk Limited Fitting

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