WO2014111295A1 - Device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas and associated method - Google Patents

Device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas and associated method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014111295A1
WO2014111295A1 PCT/EP2014/050218 EP2014050218W WO2014111295A1 WO 2014111295 A1 WO2014111295 A1 WO 2014111295A1 EP 2014050218 W EP2014050218 W EP 2014050218W WO 2014111295 A1 WO2014111295 A1 WO 2014111295A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural gas
liquefied natural
compressor
expander
regasification
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/050218
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Suhel Ahmad
Thomas-Dirk Pohlers
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2014111295A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014111295A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
    • F23K5/007—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/14—Details thereof
    • F23K5/22—Vaporising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F17C2227/0313—Air heating by forced circulation, e.g. using a fan
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0581—Power plants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for regasification of liquefied natural gas, comprising an evaporator for gasifying the liquid natural gas and a downstream compressor to compress the gaseous LNG to a predetermined operating pressure.
  • Liquid natural gas (LNG) is transported by tankers and stored in tanks on land. For the
  • the liquefied natural gas is typically cooled to a temperature of -162 ° C.
  • Fig. 1 shows a conventional device 1 for
  • Normal pressure withdrawn liquefied natural gas is fed to an air cooler 3, in which it evaporates. During the evaporation of the liquid natural gas in the air cooler 3, the temperature remains constant. Downstream of the air cooler 3, the fully ver ⁇ vaporized liquefied natural gas is fed to a station compressor 4, in which it is compressed, z. B. on a required for combustion in a gas turbine higher operating pressure.
  • the station compressor 4 is driven by an electric motor 5, as an alternative, the compression can also take place by means of a gas turbine drive.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas, which has a reduced drive power.
  • the invention provides a device of the type mentioned that they ei ⁇ NEN superheater for heating the gaseous liquefied natural gas, and an expander for expanding the superheated remplissigerd- gases, wherein the compressor is driven by dissipated in the expander work.
  • the invention is based on the idea that generated the Verdichtungspro- process heat for superheating the vaporized FLÜS ⁇ sigerdgases can be used.
  • the energy balance shows that for the operation of the device according to the invention a much lower drive power for the compressor is required compared to a conventional device according to FIG. 1, since work released in the expander contributes to the drive of the compressor.
  • the expander can be coupled to a generator for generating electrical current.
  • the compressor can be driven by an electric motor. In this way, work released in the expander after conversion to electrical energy can be used to drive the compressor.
  • the expander and the compressor may be mechanically coupled to each other, preferably via a shaft.
  • the compressor from ⁇ finally or at least partially driven mechanically from the pander Ex- by the superheated liquid natural gas is clamped ⁇ ent.
  • the expander released work is used to drive the compressor.
  • the evaporator of the device according to the invention is preceded by a pump for compressing the liquid natural gas.
  • the pump By means of the pump, the liquefied natural gas is brought to a specified operating pressure, at this operating pressure, the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas takes place in the evaporator.
  • the invention relates to a method for
  • Regasification of liquefied natural gas in an evaporator is vaporized and compressed in a downstream compressor to a specified operating pressure.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that the liquefied natural gas is superheated in a superheater and is expanded in an expander, wherein the compressor is driven by work dissipated in the expander.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional apparatus for regasification of liquefied natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a device for erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN regasification of liquefied natural gas.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas.
  • the liquefied natural gas regasification apparatus 6 shown in Fig. 2 is supplied via a tank 7 which can be filled with liquefied natural gas by a tanker.
  • the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank 7 typically has a temperature of -162 ° C and a pressure of 1 bar.
  • the liquid natural gas passes through a line 8 to egg ⁇ ner pump 9, by which it is brought to a specified operating pressure.
  • the liquefied natural gas is brought to a pressure of 10 bar.
  • the pump 9 the liquefied natural gas passes to an evaporator 10, where it is evaporated. After evaporation, the process gas flow still has a pressure of 10 bar, the Temperature has increased to about -124 ° C.
  • the vaporized natural gas passes from the evaporator 10 to a superheater 11, in which the process gas stream is superheated. After passing through the superheater 11, the pressure of the gaseous natural gas is 10 bar, the temperature is about -71 ° C.
  • the process gas is expanded to a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of -161 ° C.
  • the expander 12 is coupled to a generator 13 that is configured to generate electrical current.
  • the expanded process gas is supplied via a line 14 to a compressor 15 in which it is compressed to a desired operating pressure. In this embodiment, the operating pressure is 25 bar. After compression, the temperature of the process gas is -16 ° C.
  • the compressor 15 has a kept sometimese- as an electric motor 16 th driving, the electric motor 16 is driven at least by teilwei ⁇ se generated by the generator 13 of electrical energy. Subsequently, the process gas flows through the superheater 11 and gives off a portion of its heat to the supplied from the evaporator 10 process gas, which is heated in this way from about -124 ° C to about -71 ° C. Supplied from the compressor 15 to the superheater 11 the process gas is cooled from -16 ° C to -67 ° C at Passie ⁇ ren of the superheater, it is (not shown) of a gas turbine at this temperature and the operating pressure 25 bar, respectively.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a Vorrich ⁇ tung 17 for regasification of liquefied natural gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Device (6, 17) for the regasification of liquefied natural gas, having an evaporator (10) for evaporating the liquefied natural gas and a compressor (15, 20) which is connected downstream, in order to compress the gaseous liquefied natural gas to a fixed operating pressure, wherein the device (6, 17) comprises a superheater (11) for superheating the gaseous liquefied natural gas and an expander (12, 18) for expanding the superheated liquefied natural gas, wherein the compressor (15, 20) can be driven by work which is performed in the expander (12, 18).

Description

Beschreibung description
Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas und zugehöriges Verfahren Liquefied natural gas regasification apparatus and related method
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas, mit einem Verdampfer zum Vergasen des Flüssigerdgases und einem nachgeschalteten Kompressor, um das gasförmige Flüssigerdgas auf einen festgelegten Betriebsdruck zu verdichten. The invention relates to a device for regasification of liquefied natural gas, comprising an evaporator for gasifying the liquid natural gas and a downstream compressor to compress the gaseous LNG to a predetermined operating pressure.
Flüssigerdgas (liquid natural gas, LNG) wird mit Tankern transportiert und an Land in Tanks gespeichert. Für den Liquid natural gas (LNG) is transported by tankers and stored in tanks on land. For the
Transport wird das Flüssigerdgas typischerweise auf eine Tem- peratur von -162°C gekühlt. Transport, the liquefied natural gas is typically cooled to a temperature of -162 ° C.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine herkömmliche Vorrichtung 1 zur Fig. 1 shows a conventional device 1 for
Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas. Das aus einem Tank 2 bei Regasification of liquefied natural gas. That from a tank 2 at
Normaldruck entnommene Flüssigerdgas wird einem Luftkühler 3 zugeführt, in dem es verdampft. Während der Verdampfung des Flüssigerdgases in dem Luftkühler 3 bleibt die Temperatur konstant. Stromab des Luftkühlers 3 wird das vollständig ver¬ dampfte Flüssigerdgas einem Stationsverdichter 4 zugeführt, in dem es verdichtet wird, z. B. auf einen für die Verbren- nung in einer Gasturbine erforderlichen höheren Betriebsdruck. Der Stationsverdichter 4 wird durch einen Elektromotor 5 angetrieben, als Alternative kann die Verdichtung auch mittels eines Gasturbinenantriebs erfolgen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas anzugeben, die eine verringerte Antriebsleistung aufweist. Normal pressure withdrawn liquefied natural gas is fed to an air cooler 3, in which it evaporates. During the evaporation of the liquid natural gas in the air cooler 3, the temperature remains constant. Downstream of the air cooler 3, the fully ver ¬ vaporized liquefied natural gas is fed to a station compressor 4, in which it is compressed, z. B. on a required for combustion in a gas turbine higher operating pressure. The station compressor 4 is driven by an electric motor 5, as an alternative, the compression can also take place by means of a gas turbine drive. The invention has for its object to provide a device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas, which has a reduced drive power.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einer Vorrichtung der ein- gangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass sie ei¬ nen Überhitzer zum Erhitzen des gasförmigen Flüssigerdgases und einen Expander zum Entspannen des überhitzten Flüssigerd- gases umfasst, wobei der Kompressor durch im Expander abgeführte Arbeit antreibbar ist. To achieve this object, the invention provides a device of the type mentioned that they ei ¬ NEN superheater for heating the gaseous liquefied natural gas, and an expander for expanding the superheated Flüssigerd- gases, wherein the compressor is driven by dissipated in the expander work.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Idee, dass beim Verdichtungspro- zess generierte Wärme zur Überhitzung des verdampften Flüs¬ sigerdgases genutzt werden kann. Die Energiebilanz zeigt, dass für den Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine wesentlich geringere Antriebsleistung für den Kompressor erforderlich ist im Vergleich zu einer herkömmlichen Vorrich- tung gemäß Fig. 1, da im Expander frei werdende Arbeit zum Antrieb des Kompressors beiträgt. The invention is based on the idea that generated the Verdichtungspro- process heat for superheating the vaporized FLÜS ¬ sigerdgases can be used. The energy balance shows that for the operation of the device according to the invention a much lower drive power for the compressor is required compared to a conventional device according to FIG. 1, since work released in the expander contributes to the drive of the compressor.
Gemäß einer ersten Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann der Expander mit einem Generator zum Erzeugen von elekt- rischem Strom gekoppelt sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Kompressor durch einen Elektromotor antreibbar sein. Auf diese Weise kann in dem Expander frei werdende Arbeit nach der Umwandlung in elektrische Energie für den Antrieb des Kompressors verwendet werden. According to a first variant of the device according to the invention, the expander can be coupled to a generator for generating electrical current. Alternatively or additionally, the compressor can be driven by an electric motor. In this way, work released in the expander after conversion to electrical energy can be used to drive the compressor.
Gemäß einer zweiten Variante können der Expander und der Kompressor mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt sein, vorzugsweise über eine Welle. Bei dieser Variante wird der Kompressor aus¬ schließlich oder zumindest teilweise mechanisch von dem Ex- pander angetrieben, indem das überhitzte Flüssigerdgas ent¬ spannt wird. Somit wird auch bei dieser Variante im Expander frei werdende Arbeit zum Antreiben des Kompressors verwendet. According to a second variant of the expander and the compressor may be mechanically coupled to each other, preferably via a shaft. In this variant, the compressor from ¬ finally or at least partially driven mechanically from the pander Ex- by the superheated liquid natural gas is clamped ¬ ent. Thus, even in this variant in the expander released work is used to drive the compressor.
Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass dem Verdampfer der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine Pumpe zum Verdichten des Flüssigerdgases vorgeschaltet ist. Mittels der Pumpe wird das Flüssigerdgas auf einen festgelegten Betriebdruck gebracht, bei diesem Betriebsdruck erfolgt die Verdampfung des Flüssigerdgases im Verdampfer. It is also within the scope of the invention that the evaporator of the device according to the invention is preceded by a pump for compressing the liquid natural gas. By means of the pump, the liquefied natural gas is brought to a specified operating pressure, at this operating pressure, the evaporation of the liquefied natural gas takes place in the evaporator.
Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur In addition, the invention relates to a method for
Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas, das in einem Verdampfer verdampft wird und in einem nachgeschalteten Kompressor auf einen festgelegten Betriebsdruck verdichtet wird. Regasification of liquefied natural gas in an evaporator is vaporized and compressed in a downstream compressor to a specified operating pressure.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Flüssigerdgas in einem Überhitzer überhitzt und in einem Expander entspannt wird, wobei der Kompressor durch im Expander abgeführte Arbeit angetrieben wird. The inventive method is characterized in that the liquefied natural gas is superheated in a superheater and is expanded in an expander, wherein the compressor is driven by work dissipated in the expander.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung beschrieben. In the subclaims further embodiments of the invention are described.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind schematische Darstellungen und zeigen: Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show:
Fig. 1 eine herkömmliche Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas; 1 shows a conventional apparatus for regasification of liquefied natural gas.
Fig. 2 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsge¬ mäßen Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas; und 2 shows a first embodiment of a device for erfindungsge ¬ MAESSEN regasification of liquefied natural gas. and
Fig. 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsge¬ mäßen Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas . Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a erfindungsge ¬ MAESSEN device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas.
Die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Vorrichtung 6 zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas wird über einen Tank 7, der durch ein Tankschiff mit Flüssigerdgas befüllbar ist, versorgt. Das in dem Tank 7 enthaltene Flüssigerdgas weist typischerweise eine Temperatur von -162°C und einen Druck von 1 bar auf. Von dem Tank 7 gelangt das flüssige Erdgas über eine Leitung 8 zu ei¬ ner Pumpe 9, durch die es auf einen festgelegten Betriebsdruck gebracht wird. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Flüssigerdgas auf einen Druck von 10 bar gebracht. Von der Pumpe 9 gelangt das Flüssigerdgas zu einem Verdampfer 10, in dem es verdampft wird. Nach der Verdampfung besitzt der Prozessgasstrom nach wie vor einen Druck von 10 bar, die Temperatur hat sich auf ca. -124 °C erhöht. Das verdampfte Erdgas gelangt vom Verdampfer 10 zu einem Überhitzer 11, in dem der Prozessgasstrom überhitzt wird. Nach dem Passieren des Überhitzers 11 beträgt der Druck des gasförmigen Erdgases 10 bar, die Temperatur beträgt ca. -71°C. In einem Expander 12 wird das Prozessgas auf einen Druck von 1 bar und eine Temperatur von -161°C entspannt. Der Expander 12 ist mit einem Generator 13 gekoppelt, der zum Erzeugen von elektrischem Strom ausgebildet ist. Das entspannte Prozessgas wird über eine Leitung 14 einem Kompressor 15 zugeführt, in dem es auf einen gewünschten Betriebsdruck verdichtet wird. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Betriebsdruck 25 bar. Nach Verdichtung beträgt die Temperatur des Prozessgases -16°C. Der Kompressor 15 weist einen als Elektromotor 16 ausgebilde- ten Antrieb auf, wobei der Elektromotor 16 zumindest teilwei¬ se durch von dem Generator 13 erzeugter elektrischer Energie angetrieben wird. Anschließend durchströmt das Prozessgas den Überhitzer 11 und gibt einen Teil seiner Wärme an das von Verdampfer 10 zugeführte Prozessgas ab, das auf diese Weise von ca. -124°C auf ca. -71°C erwärmt wird. Das vom Kompressor 15 dem Überhitzer 11 zugeführte Prozessgas wird beim Passie¬ ren des Überhitzers von -16°C auf -67°C abgekühlt, bei dieser Temperatur und dem Betriebsdruck 25 bar wird es einer Gasturbine (nicht gezeigt) zugeführt. The liquefied natural gas regasification apparatus 6 shown in Fig. 2 is supplied via a tank 7 which can be filled with liquefied natural gas by a tanker. The liquefied natural gas contained in the tank 7 typically has a temperature of -162 ° C and a pressure of 1 bar. From the tank 7, the liquid natural gas passes through a line 8 to egg ¬ ner pump 9, by which it is brought to a specified operating pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, the liquefied natural gas is brought to a pressure of 10 bar. From the pump 9, the liquefied natural gas passes to an evaporator 10, where it is evaporated. After evaporation, the process gas flow still has a pressure of 10 bar, the Temperature has increased to about -124 ° C. The vaporized natural gas passes from the evaporator 10 to a superheater 11, in which the process gas stream is superheated. After passing through the superheater 11, the pressure of the gaseous natural gas is 10 bar, the temperature is about -71 ° C. In an expander 12, the process gas is expanded to a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of -161 ° C. The expander 12 is coupled to a generator 13 that is configured to generate electrical current. The expanded process gas is supplied via a line 14 to a compressor 15 in which it is compressed to a desired operating pressure. In this embodiment, the operating pressure is 25 bar. After compression, the temperature of the process gas is -16 ° C. The compressor 15 has a ausgebilde- as an electric motor 16 th driving, the electric motor 16 is driven at least by teilwei ¬ se generated by the generator 13 of electrical energy. Subsequently, the process gas flows through the superheater 11 and gives off a portion of its heat to the supplied from the evaporator 10 process gas, which is heated in this way from about -124 ° C to about -71 ° C. Supplied from the compressor 15 to the superheater 11 the process gas is cooled from -16 ° C to -67 ° C at Passie ¬ ren of the superheater, it is (not shown) of a gas turbine at this temperature and the operating pressure 25 bar, respectively.
Vergleicht man die herkömmliche Vorrichtung zur Comparing the conventional device for
Regasifizierung gemäß dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Vorrichtung zur Regasifizierung gemäß Fig. 2, so ergibt sich, dass bei der herkömmlichen Vorrich- tung für die polytrope Verdichtung von 1 kg Flüssigerdgas von 1,01325 bar auf 25 bar eine Antriebsleistung von ca. 340 kJ/s benötigt wird, die Antriebsleistung wird dabei für den An¬ trieb des Kompressors benötigt. Bei der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 wird zusätzlich eine geringe Antriebsleistung für die Pumpe 9 benötigt. Daneben wird für den Kompressor eine etwas höhere Antriebsleistung im Vergleich zu der herkömmlichen Vorrichtung benötigt. Andererseits wird die in dem Expander 12 frei werdende Arbeit zum Antreiben des Kompressors einge- setzt, sodass sich insgesamt eine benötigte Antriebsleistung von ca. 240 kJ/s für die polytrope Verdichtung von 1 kg Flüs¬ sigerdgas ergibt. Dementsprechend kann eine Einsparung von ca. 29 % erzielt werden. Regasification according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 with the apparatus for regasification of FIG. 2, it follows that in the conventional device for the polytropic compression of 1 kg liquefied natural gas from 1.01325 bar to 25 bar a drive power of approx 340 kJ / s is required, the drive power is required for the drive of the compressor ¬ . In the apparatus of FIG. 2, a low drive power for the pump 9 is additionally required. Besides, the compressor requires a slightly higher driving power compared with the conventional device. On the other hand, the work released in the expander 12 for driving the compressor is set. sets, so that a total of a required drive power of about 240 kJ / s results for the polytropic compression of 1 kg liq ¬ sigerdgas. Accordingly, a saving of about 29% can be achieved.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrich¬ tung 17 zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas. Diejenigen Komponenten der Vorrichtung 17, die mit Komponenten der Vorrichtung 6 des in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels übereinstimmen, werden nicht nochmals detailliert beschrie¬ ben. In Übereinstimmung mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Vorrichtung 17 einen Tank 7, der über eine Leitung 8 mit einer Pumpe 9 verbunden ist. Von der Pumpe 9 gelangt Flüssigerdgas (T= -161°C, p= 10 bar) zu dem Verdampfer 10 und in gasförmigem Zustand (T= -124°C, p= 10 bar) zu demFig. 3 shows another embodiment of a Vorrich ¬ tung 17 for regasification of liquefied natural gas. Those components of the device 17 which correspond to components of the apparatus 6 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 are not described again in detail beschrie ¬ ben. In accordance with the first embodiment, the device 17 comprises a tank 7, which is connected via a line 8 to a pump 9. From the pump 9 liquefied natural gas (T = -161 ° C, p = 10 bar) passes to the evaporator 10 and in the gaseous state (T = -124 ° C, p = 10 bar) to the
Überhitzer 11. Nach dem Passieren des Überhitzers 11 wird das gasförmige Flüssigerdgas (T= -71°, p= 10 bar) in einem Expander 19 entspannt, von wo aus das entspannte gasförmige Pro¬ zessgas (T= -147°C, p= 1 bar) über eine Leitung 19 einem Kom- pressor 20 zugeführt wird, in dem es auf den gewünschten Be¬ triebsdruck (T= 41°C, p= 25 bar) verdichtet wird. Anders als in dem vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind der Expander 18 und der Kompressor 20 direkt über eine gemeinsame Welle 21 miteinander gekoppelt. Beim Entspannen des Prozessgases in dem Expander 18 wird die Welle 21 in Rotation versetzt, die den Kompressor 20 antreibt, in dem das Prozessgas komprimiert wird. Nachdem das Prozessgas den erforderlichen Betriebsdruck p= 25 bar aufweist, passiert es wieder den Überhitzer 11, in dem es bis auf T= -11°C abgekühlt wird und gelangt von dort zu einer Gasturbine, in der es verbrannt wird. Superheater 11. After passing through the superheater 11 is released, the gaseous liquefied natural gas (T = -71 °, p = 10 bar) in an expander 19, from where the expanded gaseous Pro ¬ zessgas (T = -147 ° C, p = in which it is compressed to 25 bar) to the desired be ¬ operating pressure (T = 41 ° C, p = 1 bar) is supplied via a line 19 to a com- pressor 20. Unlike in the previous embodiment, the expander 18 and the compressor 20 are coupled together directly via a common shaft 21. When the process gas is expanded in the expander 18, the shaft 21 is rotated, which drives the compressor 20, in which the process gas is compressed. After the process gas has the required operating pressure p = 25 bar, it passes again the superheater 11, in which it is cooled to T = -11 ° C and from there to a gas turbine in which it is burned.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele einge- schränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen . Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Vorrichtung (6, 17) zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas, mit einem Verdampfer (10) zum Verdampfen des Flüssigerdgases und einem nachgeschalteten Kompressor (15, 20), um das gasförmige Flüssigerdgas auf einen festge¬ legten Betriebsdruck zu verdichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (6, 17) einen Überhitzer (11) zum Überhitzen des gasförmigen Flüssigerdgases und einen Expander (12, 18) zum Entspannen des überhitzten Flüssigerdgases umfasst, wobei der Kompressor (15, 20) durch im Expander (12, 18) abgeführte Arbeit antreibbar ist. Means (6, 17) for regasification of liquefied natural gas, having an evaporator (10) for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and a downstream compressor (15, 20) to the gaseous liquefied natural gas to a Festge ¬ designed to compress operating pressure, characterized in that the device (6, 17) comprises a superheater (11) for superheating the gaseous liquid natural gas and an expander (12, 18) for releasing the superheated liquefied natural gas, the compressor (15, 20) being drivable by work discharged in the expander (12, 18) ,
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, Device according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Überhitzer (11) zum Überhitzen des gasförmigen Flüssigerdgases durch beim Verdichten des Flüssigerdgases im Kompressor (15, 20) erzeugte Wärme ausgebildet ist. the superheater (11) is formed to superheat the gaseous liquid-gas by heat generated in compressing the liquefied natural gas in the compressor (15, 20).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Expander (12) mit einem Generator (13) zum Erzeugen von elektrischem Strom gekoppelt ist und/oder der Kompressor (15) von einem Elektromotor (16) antreibbar ist. the expander (12) is coupled to a generator (13) for generating electrical current and / or the compressor (15) is drivable by an electric motor (16).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Expander (18) und der Kompressor (20) mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt sind, vorzugsweise über eine Welle (21) . the expander (18) and the compressor (20) are mechanically coupled together, preferably via a shaft (21).
Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
dem Verdampfer (10) eine Pumpe (9) zum Verdichten des Flüssigerdgases vorgeschaltet ist. Verfahren zur Regasifizierung von Flüssigerdgas, das in einem Verdampfer (10) verdampft wird und in einem nachgeschalteten Kompressor (15, 20) auf einen festgelegten Betriebsdruck verdichtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Flüssigerdgas in einem Überhitzer (11) über¬ hitzt und in einem Expander (12, 18) entspannt wird, wo¬ bei der Kompressor (15, 20) durch im Expander (12, 18) abgeführte Arbeit angetrieben wird. the evaporator (10) is preceded by a pump (9) for compressing the liquid natural gas. Process for the regasification of liquefied natural gas, which is evaporated in an evaporator (10) and compressed in a downstream compressor (15, 20) to a predetermined operating pressure, characterized in that the liquefied natural gas in a superheater (11) over ¬ heated and in a Expander (12, 18) is relaxed, where ¬ in the compressor (15, 20) by in the expander (12, 18) dissipated work is driven.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, Method according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das gasförmige Flüssigerdgas in dem Überhitzer (11) durch beim Verdichten des Flüssigerdgases im Kompressor (15, 20) erzeugte Wärme überhitzt wird. the gaseous liquefied natural gas in the superheater (11) is overheated by heat generated in compressing the liquefied natural gas in the compressor (15, 20).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, Method according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Expander (12) mit einem elektrischen Strom erzeugenden Generator (13) gekoppelt ist und/oder der Kompressor (15) von einem Elektromotor (16) angetrieben wird. the expander (12) is coupled to an electric current generating generator (13) and / or the compressor (15) is driven by an electric motor (16).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, Method according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Expander (18) und der Kompressor (20) mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt sind und der Expander (18) den Kompressor (20) vorzugsweise über eine Welle (21) an¬ treibt . the expander (18) and the compressor (20) are mechanically coupled to each other and the expander (18) compressor (20), preferably via a shaft (21) drives ¬.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, Method according to one of claims 6 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
dem Verdampfer (10) eine Pumpe (9) vorgeschaltet ist, die das Flüssigerdgas verdichtet. the evaporator (10) is preceded by a pump (9) which compresses the liquefied natural gas.
PCT/EP2014/050218 2013-01-16 2014-01-08 Device for the regasification of liquefied natural gas and associated method WO2014111295A1 (en)

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