WO2014109626A1 - Method for determining the drilling direction of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured deposit - Google Patents

Method for determining the drilling direction of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured deposit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014109626A1
WO2014109626A1 PCT/MX2014/000004 MX2014000004W WO2014109626A1 WO 2014109626 A1 WO2014109626 A1 WO 2014109626A1 MX 2014000004 W MX2014000004 W MX 2014000004W WO 2014109626 A1 WO2014109626 A1 WO 2014109626A1
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drilling
fracture
horizontal
naturally fractured
oil well
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PCT/MX2014/000004
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vicente GONZÁLEZ DÁVILA
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Geo Estratos, S.A. De C.V.
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Publication of WO2014109626A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014109626A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling

Definitions

  • the present invention aims to provide a method for defining the optimal direction of navigation of the horizontal segment of an oil well in naturally fractured carbonated deposits, to increase the chances of finding hydraulic conditions through navigation on the fracture of greater permeability, that allow to obtain a greater flow of oil towards the interior of the well, that in the obtained ones in the traditional perforations realized with direction of navigation perpendicular to the system of fractures.
  • the direction of horizontal drilling on the fracture is defined with the support of high resolution geological and seismic models that allow defining the trajectory of the fractures of the oil storage rock.
  • Figure 1 shows a geological model of a naturally fractured oil field.
  • Figure 2 shows an example image of a seismic line to exemplify how fractures are seen in the subsoil and the location of the oil well intersecting said fractures.
  • Figure 3 describes an oil well that is traditionally drilled, navigating perpendicular to the orientation of the fractures in the reservoir.
  • Figure 4 shows an oil well sailing within the path of a fracture in a naturally fractured reservoir.
  • Figure 5 shows an example image of a seismic line where you can see the graphic representation of a perforated oil well with navigation over a fracture.
  • Figure 6 shows a flow chart describing the method used to determine the horizontal direction of the oil well sailing on the fracture.
  • FIG. 1 A geological section of a naturally fractured oil field is described in Figure 1.
  • the soil surface (1) composed of a vegetal layer.
  • margas (2) a segment of a material known as margas (2), then continuing with a geological formation of low permeability that represents the upper seal (3), followed by the oil field in naturally fractured rocks (4).
  • a system of fractures (5) can be clearly seen, within which an oil trapping is generated. Fractures (5) are generated by deformation efforts and the pressure exerted on the rock causing a break. Some fractures have greater permeability than others, establishing that the fractures with the highest oil production represent those with the highest permeability (6).
  • Figure 2 shows as an example the representation of the fracture system (5) in the subsoil through a high resolution seismic mapping, and where an oil well (7) composed of a vertical segment (8) is observed ) and a horizontal segment (9).
  • the horizontal segment (9) of the well crosses perpendicularly the fractures (5) that are highlighted due to the interpretation of the seismic image, and that is in the area of the fractured deposit (4).
  • the seismic mappings or lines are part of the tools that are used for the construction of the geological model that is used to make the decision of the exact place to drill the oil well.
  • Figure 3 describes an oil well (7) drilled in a traditional way, that is, perpendicular to the fractures of the reservoir (5) in an area geological carbonate rock or naturally fractured rocks (4). Said fractures (5) that are below the low permeability rock (3), allow oil entrapment (10), and have an orientation and location that is defined with high resolution seismic ( Figure 2). It can be seen that the oil well (7) has a traditional trajectory, first drilled with a vertical segment (8) that crosses the geological layers and / or formations (1, 2, 3), from the land surface (1) to the area of the carbonated rock (4) that contains the fractures (5), and another horizontal segment (9) that intersects approximately perpendicularly (11) to the direction of the fractures (5). In this type of oil well (7) oil production depends on the amount of fractures (5) that can intersect.
  • Figure 4 it is possible to observe an oil well with navigation on the fracture (12), similarly drilled first with a vertical segment (13) that crosses the geological layers and / or formations (1, 2, 3), from the land area (1) to the area of the carbonated rock (4) that contains the fractures (5), and another horizontal segment (14) with specific navigation on one of the fractures (15).
  • fractures (5) are located by means of high resolution seismic studies (figure 2) interpreted that define their location and trajectory (16).
  • the oil well (12) in its drilling of the horizontal segment (14) navigates over a fracture (15) up to a minimum distance of 300 meters in length and a maximum variable according to the design of said well.
  • the drilling of the horizontal segment (14) is always carried out as close as possible to the top of the naturally fractured rock (4), which is where the oil is stored, intersecting in a straight line several times to the same fracture (15) , aligning with the average of said fracture (15).
  • the number of intersections that the oil well has in its horizontal segment define the amount of oil production that oil wells can contribute.
  • the number of intersections is the number of times the horizontal segment (14) intersects that same fracture (15).
  • K is the permeability of fractures (5), in m z .
  • ⁇ is the viscosity of the oil, in kg / m ⁇ s.
  • P r is the reservoir pressure, in N / m z .
  • P wf is the horizontal pressure of the well, in N / m z .
  • L f is the length of the fractures, in meters.
  • the total oil flow or production towards the horizontal section of the well (9 or 14) in all fractures will be influenced by the number of intersections of the well's trajectory with the fractures, multiplied by the effective oil flow by a fracture at inside the horizontal section of the well:
  • N f is the number of intersections of the horizontal path of the well (9 or 14) with the fracture (s) (5 or 15). q fl oil flow by a fracture within the horizontal section of the well, given in m 3 / s.
  • Q f is the total oil flow to the horizontal section of the well (9 or 14), in rn z / s.
  • FIG 5 it is possible to observe in a representative and graphic way how the drilling of the oil well is presented with navigation on the fracture (12) in a seismic mapping or seismic line.
  • the oil well (12) is formed by its vertical segment (13) and its horizontal segment (14).
  • BPD Barrels per Day
  • FIG. 6 A flow chart of the method to determine the direction of horizontal drilling in a naturally fractured oil field is presented in Figure 6. The process begins in the block with the legend "Start” (17), and continues in the following blocks from 18 to 25 describing each of the steps that are carried out:
  • the fracture with the highest permeability is the one that allows a greater flow of oil.
  • Determination of the horizontal trajectory on the fracture (26). This is achieved by a straight line located on the average of the trajectory of the fracture selected on the interpreted seismic map.
  • the coordinates ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the horizontal segment of the well are defined from the resulting straight line mentioned above. a length of at least 300 meters in length.
  • the coordinate ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ of the well curve (union between the vertical and horizontal segment), are defined based on the type of drilling equipment used. that ends in the block with the legend "End" (27).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured deposit, defining the optimum direction of horizontal navigation over the fracture in low-permeability carbonate deposits, which improves hydraulic conditions with a view to increasing oil production as compared with traditional drilling of wells directed horizontally, perpendicularly to the fractures. The object of the present invention is to determine the optimum direction for horizontal navigation of the well, taking an average of the path in the fracture in a straight line, drilling horizontally always in a position close to the top of the naturally fractured low-permeability carbonate rock, and to that end using high-resolution seismic mapping and geological models.

Description

MÉTODO PARA DETERMINAR LA DIRECCIÓN DE PERFORACIÓN DE UN POZO PETROLERO HORIZONTAL EN UN YACIMIENTO NATURALMENTE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF PERFORATION OF A HORIZONTAL OIL WELL IN A NATURAL FIELD
FRACTURADO OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN FRACTURED OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención tiene por objeto el proveer un método para definir la dirección óptima de navegación del segmento horizontal de un pozo petrolero en yacimientos carbonatados naturalmente fracturados, para incrementar las posibilidades de encontrar condiciones hidráulicas a través de la navegación sobre la fractura de mayor permeabilidad, que permitan obtener un mayor flujo de petróleo hacia el interior del pozo, que en los obtenidos en las perforaciones tradicionales realizadas con dirección de navegación perpendicular al sistema de fracturas. La dirección de la perforación horizontal sobre la fractura, es definida con el apoyo de modelos geológicos y sísmica de alta resolución que permite definir la trayectoria de las fracturas de la roca almacén de petróleo. The present invention aims to provide a method for defining the optimal direction of navigation of the horizontal segment of an oil well in naturally fractured carbonated deposits, to increase the chances of finding hydraulic conditions through navigation on the fracture of greater permeability, that allow to obtain a greater flow of oil towards the interior of the well, that in the obtained ones in the traditional perforations realized with direction of navigation perpendicular to the system of fractures. The direction of horizontal drilling on the fracture is defined with the support of high resolution geological and seismic models that allow defining the trajectory of the fractures of the oil storage rock.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En la actualidad, los procesos para la exploración y explotación de yacimientos petroleros que están en formaciones geológicas de baja permeabilidad naturalmente fracturadas, representa un reto tecnológico para la industria petrolera, debido a que los pozos petroleros deben de estar perforados por un segmento inicial vertical y posteriormente por otro segmento de forma horizontal, que permita aumentar la tasa de éxito de extracción de petróleo. At present, the processes for the exploration and exploitation of oil fields that are in naturally fractured geological formations of low permeability, represent a technological challenge for the oil industry, because the oil wells must be drilled by an initial vertical segment and subsequently by another segment horizontally, which allows to increase the success rate of oil extraction.
El modelo de perforación y explotación de petróleo tradicional en este tipo de yacimientos carbonatados naturalmente fracturados, centra su éxito principalmente en la determinación de la dirección de la navegación del segmento horizontal del pozo, el cual se realiza actualmente por analogía con los pozos productores vecinos ya perforados y con datos de su producción. The traditional oil drilling and exploitation model in this type of naturally fractured carbonated deposits, focuses mainly on the determination of the direction of navigation of the horizontal segment of the well, which is currently carried out by analogy with neighboring producing wells. perforated and with data of its production.
Dichos pozos existentes vecinos al lugar donde se desea perforar un nuevo pozo petrolero, son en su mayoría con un segmento vertical inicial y otro segmento horizontal, donde dicho segmento horizontal tiene una dirección perpendicular a la orientación regional del sistema de fracturas, obtenidos de la interpretación de los modelos geológicos, geo mecánicos, y muchas veces con el apoyo de estudios sísmicos realizados en una etapa antes de la explotación de los campos petroleros. Sin embargo, los resultados de producción de los pozos navegados horizontalmente perpendiculares al sistema de fracturas, no se obtienen los resultados esperados en la producción de petróleo, ya que esta práctica genera incertidumbre para determinar la longitud óptima del segmento horizontal, debido que al perforar en forma perpendicular al sistema de fracturas, conlleva a intersectar sistemas de fracturas que en algunas ocasiones no tienen conectividad hidráulica, que permita que el petróleo ingrese al interior del pozo petrolero. En la mayoría de los casos donde se presenta durante la perforación baja producción, es necesario extender la longitud del segmento horizontal para permitir que el flujo de petróleo ingrese al interior del pozo. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Said existing wells neighboring the place where it is desired to drill a new oil well, are mostly with an initial vertical segment and another horizontal segment, where said horizontal segment has a direction perpendicular to the regional orientation of the fracture system, obtained from the interpretation of geological models, geo mechanics, and often with the support of seismic studies carried out at a stage before the exploitation of oil fields. However, the production results of wells sailed horizontally perpendicular to the fracture system, the expected results in oil production are not obtained, since this practice generates uncertainty to determine the optimal length of the horizontal segment, because when drilling in Perpendicular to the fracture system, it leads to intersecting fracture systems that sometimes do not have hydraulic connectivity, which allows oil to enter the interior of the oil well. In most cases where low production occurs during drilling, it is necessary to extend the length of the horizontal segment to allow oil flow to enter the interior of the well. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los detalles característicos de este novedoso método para determinar la dirección de perforación de , un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento carbonatado naturalmente fracturado, se describen claramente en la siguiente descripción y en los dibujos que se acompañan. The characteristic details of this novel method for determining the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured carbonated deposit are clearly described in the following description and in the accompanying drawings.
La figura 1 muestra un modelo geológico de un yacimiento petrolero naturalmente fracturado. Figure 1 shows a geological model of a naturally fractured oil field.
La figura 2 muestra una imagen de ejemplo de una línea sísmica para ejemplificar como se aprecian las fracturas en el subsuelo y la ubicación del pozo petrolero intersectando dichas fracturas.  Figure 2 shows an example image of a seismic line to exemplify how fractures are seen in the subsoil and the location of the oil well intersecting said fractures.
La figura 3 describe un pozo petrolero que es perforado de forma tradicional, navegando perpendicular a la orientación de las fracturas en el yacimiento.  Figure 3 describes an oil well that is traditionally drilled, navigating perpendicular to the orientation of the fractures in the reservoir.
La figura 4 muestra un pozo petrolero navegando dentro de la trayectoria de una fractura en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado.  Figure 4 shows an oil well sailing within the path of a fracture in a naturally fractured reservoir.
La figura 5 muestra una imagen de ejemplo de una línea sísmica donde se puede apreciar la representación gráfica de un pozo petrolero perforado con navegación sobre una fractura.  Figure 5 shows an example image of a seismic line where you can see the graphic representation of a perforated oil well with navigation over a fracture.
La figura 6 muestra un diagrama de flujo que describe el método utilizado para determinar la dirección horizontal del pozo petrolero navegando sobre la fractura.  Figure 6 shows a flow chart describing the method used to determine the horizontal direction of the oil well sailing on the fracture.
En la figura 1 se describe una sección geológica de un yacimiento petrolero naturalmente fracturado. En la parte superior se encuentra primeramente la superficie del suelo (1 ) compuesta de una capa vegetal. Enseguida se encuentra un segmento de un material conocido como margas (2), continuando después con una formación geológica de baja permeabilidad que representa el sello superior (3), seguido del yacimiento petrolero en rocas naturalmente fracturadas (4). En dicha área de rocas naturalmente fracturadas (4), se pueden observar claramente un sistema de fracturas (5), dentro de las cuales se genera un entrampamiento del petróleo. Las fracturas (5) son generadas por los esfuerzos de deformación y a la presión ejercida sobre la roca produciendo una ruptura. Algunas fracturas presentan una mayor permeabilidad que otras, estableciendo que las fracturas de mayor producción de petróleo representan las de mayor permeabilidad (6). A geological section of a naturally fractured oil field is described in Figure 1. In the upper part there is first the soil surface (1) composed of a vegetal layer. Next is a segment of a material known as margas (2), then continuing with a geological formation of low permeability that represents the upper seal (3), followed by the oil field in naturally fractured rocks (4). In said area of naturally fractured rocks (4), a system of fractures (5) can be clearly seen, within which an oil trapping is generated. Fractures (5) are generated by deformation efforts and the pressure exerted on the rock causing a break. Some fractures have greater permeability than others, establishing that the fractures with the highest oil production represent those with the highest permeability (6).
Respecto a la orientación de las fracturas (5), estas comúnmente se presentan de forma uniforme en la misma dirección observándose esta situación en un mapeo de sísmica de alta resolución. Toda esta sección geológica descrita puede tener una profundidad de hasta 1500 metros, de forma enunciativa más no limitativa, ya que varía de acuerdo a la zona donde se ubica el campo petrolero.  Regarding the orientation of the fractures (5), these are usually presented uniformly in the same direction, observing this situation in a high resolution seismic mapping. All this geological section described can have a depth of up to 1500 meters, but not limited, since it varies according to the area where the oil field is located.
En la figura 2 se presenta a manera de ejemplo la representación del sistema de fracturas (5) en el subsuelo a través de un mapeo con sísmica de alta resolución, e donde se observa un pozo petrolero (7) compuesto por un segmento vertical (8) y un segmento horizontal (9). El segmento horizontal (9) del pozo cruza de forma perpendicular las fracturas (5) que son remarcados debido a la interpretación de la imagen sísmica, y que se encuentra en la zona del yacimiento fracturado (4). Los mapeos o líneas sísmicas, son parte de las herramientas que son utilizadas para la construcción del modelo geológico que se utiliza para tomar la decisión del lugar exacto de dónde perforar el pozo petrolero. Figure 2 shows as an example the representation of the fracture system (5) in the subsoil through a high resolution seismic mapping, and where an oil well (7) composed of a vertical segment (8) is observed ) and a horizontal segment (9). The horizontal segment (9) of the well crosses perpendicularly the fractures (5) that are highlighted due to the interpretation of the seismic image, and that is in the area of the fractured deposit (4). The seismic mappings or lines are part of the tools that are used for the construction of the geological model that is used to make the decision of the exact place to drill the oil well.
En la figura 3 se describe un pozo petrolero (7) perforado de forma tradicional, es decir, perpendicular a las fracturas del yacimiento (5) en una zona geológica de roca carbonatada o rocas naturalmente fracturadas (4). Dichas fracturas (5) que se encuentra por debajo de la roca de baja permeabilidad (3), permiten el entrampamiento de petróleo (10), y presentan una orientación y ubicación que es definida con sísmica de alta resolución (figura 2). Se puede observar que el pozo petrolero (7) presenta una trayectoria tradicional, perforado primeramente con un segmento vertical (8) que atraviesa las capas geológicas y/o formaciones (1 , 2, 3), desde la superficie del terreno (1 ) hasta el área de la roca carbonatada (4) que contiene las fracturas (5), y otro segmento horizontal (9) que intersecta en sentido aproximadamente perpendicular (11 ) al rumbo de las fracturas (5). En este tipo de pozo petrolero (7) la producción de petróleo depende de la cantidad de fracturas (5) que pueda intersectar. Figure 3 describes an oil well (7) drilled in a traditional way, that is, perpendicular to the fractures of the reservoir (5) in an area geological carbonate rock or naturally fractured rocks (4). Said fractures (5) that are below the low permeability rock (3), allow oil entrapment (10), and have an orientation and location that is defined with high resolution seismic (Figure 2). It can be seen that the oil well (7) has a traditional trajectory, first drilled with a vertical segment (8) that crosses the geological layers and / or formations (1, 2, 3), from the land surface (1) to the area of the carbonated rock (4) that contains the fractures (5), and another horizontal segment (9) that intersects approximately perpendicularly (11) to the direction of the fractures (5). In this type of oil well (7) oil production depends on the amount of fractures (5) that can intersect.
En la figura 4 es posible observar un pozo petrolero con navegación sobre la fractura (12), perforado de igual manera primeramente con un segmento vertical (13) que atraviesa las capas geológicas y/o formaciones (1 , 2, 3), desde la superficie del terreno (1 ) hasta el área de la roca carbonatada (4) que contiene las fracturas (5), y otro segmento horizontal (14) con navegación específica sobre una de las fracturas (15). Como se ha mencionado, las fracturas (5) son ubicadas mediante estudios sísmicos de alta resolución (figura 2) interpretados que definen su ubicación y trayectoria (16). El pozo petrolero (12) en su perforación del segmento horizontal (14), navega sobre una fractura (15) hasta una distancia mínima de 300 metros de longitud y una máxima variable de cuerdo al diseño de dicho pozo. La perforación del segmento horizontal (14), siempre se realiza lo más cercano posible a la cima de la roca naturalmente fracturada (4), que es donde se encuentra almacenado el petróleo, intersectando en línea recta varias veces a la misma fractura (15), alineándose al promedio de dicha fractura (15). Mediante este tipo de navegación sobre la fractura (15), es posible obtener una mayor cantidad de intersecciones de la fractura (15) que en los pozos petroleros perforados de forma tradicional (figura 3). El número de intersecciones que tiene el pozo petrolero en su segmento horizontal, definen la cantidad de producción de petróleo que puede aportar los pozos petroleros. En el caso de la perforación navegando sobre una sola fractura (15), el número de intersecciones es la cantidad de veces que el segmento horizontal (14) intersecta esa misma fractura (15). In Figure 4 it is possible to observe an oil well with navigation on the fracture (12), similarly drilled first with a vertical segment (13) that crosses the geological layers and / or formations (1, 2, 3), from the land area (1) to the area of the carbonated rock (4) that contains the fractures (5), and another horizontal segment (14) with specific navigation on one of the fractures (15). As mentioned, fractures (5) are located by means of high resolution seismic studies (figure 2) interpreted that define their location and trajectory (16). The oil well (12) in its drilling of the horizontal segment (14), navigates over a fracture (15) up to a minimum distance of 300 meters in length and a maximum variable according to the design of said well. The drilling of the horizontal segment (14) is always carried out as close as possible to the top of the naturally fractured rock (4), which is where the oil is stored, intersecting in a straight line several times to the same fracture (15) , aligning with the average of said fracture (15). Through this type of navigation on the fracture (15), it is possible to obtain a greater number of intersections of the fracture (15) than in traditionally drilled oil wells (Figure 3). The number of intersections that the oil well has in its horizontal segment, define the amount of oil production that oil wells can contribute. In the case of drilling navigating on a single fracture (15), the number of intersections is the number of times the horizontal segment (14) intersects that same fracture (15).
El flujo o producción de petróleo de una fractura, basándose en el número de intersecciones a la fractura del segmento horizontal (11 ó 14) del pozo petrolero (7 ó 12), se estima mediante la siguiente ecuación:
Figure imgf000008_0001
The oil flow or production of a fracture, based on the number of intersections to the fracture of the horizontal segment (11 or 14) of the oil well (7 or 12), is estimated by the following equation:
Figure imgf000008_0001
Donde: Where:
K, es la permeabilidad de las fracturas (5), en mz. K, is the permeability of fractures (5), in m z .
Af, es el área transversal efectiva del flujo de petróleo de cada fractura (5 o 15) en τπ2. At f , it is the effective cross-sectional area of the oil flow of each fracture (5 or 15) in τπ 2 .
μ, es la viscosidad del petróleo, en kg/m · s. μ, is the viscosity of the oil, in kg / m · s.
Pr, es la presión del yacimiento, en N/mz. P r , is the reservoir pressure, in N / m z .
Pwf, es la presión en la horizontal del pozo, en N/mz. P wf , is the horizontal pressure of the well, in N / m z .
Lf, es la longitud de las fracturas, en metros. L f , is the length of the fractures, in meters.
qf, el flujo de petróleo por una fractura al interior de la sección horizontal del pozo (9 ó 14), dado en m3/s . f , the flow of oil through a fracture into the horizontal section of the well (9 or 14), given in m 3 / s.
El flujo o producción total de petróleo hacia la sección horizontal del pozo (9 ó 14) en todas las fracturas, será influenciado por el número de intersecciones de la trayectoria del pozo con las fracturas, multiplicado por el flujo efectivo de petróleo por una fractura al interior de la sección horizontal del pozo: The total oil flow or production towards the horizontal section of the well (9 or 14) in all fractures will be influenced by the number of intersections of the well's trajectory with the fractures, multiplied by the effective oil flow by a fracture at inside the horizontal section of the well:
Qf = Nfqf Qf = N f q f
Donde: Nf, es el número de intersecciones de la trayectoria horizontal del pozo (9 ó 14) con la(s) fractura(s) (5 ó 15). qfl el flujo de petróleo por una fractura al interior de la sección horizontal del pozo, dado en m3 /s. Where: N f , is the number of intersections of the horizontal path of the well (9 or 14) with the fracture (s) (5 or 15). q fl oil flow by a fracture within the horizontal section of the well, given in m 3 / s.
Qf, es el flujo total de petróleo hacia la sección horizontal del pozo (9 ó 14), en rnz/s. Q f , is the total oil flow to the horizontal section of the well (9 or 14), in rn z / s.
De esta manera al aumentar el número de intersecciones en la trayectoria del horizontal del pozo (9 ó 14) y las fracturas (5 ó 15), el flujo de petróleo sea mayor, tai como ocurre cuando se navega dentro del promedio de la fractura (15). In this way, by increasing the number of intersections in the horizontal trajectory of the well (9 or 14) and the fractures (5 or 15), the oil flow is greater, as is the case when navigating within the fracture average ( fifteen).
En la figura 5 es posible observar de forma representativa y gráfica como se presenta la perforación del pozo petrolero con navegación sobre la fractura (12) en un mapeo sísmico o línea sísmica. El pozo petrolero (12) está formado por su segmento vertical (13) y su segmento horizontal (14). In Figure 5 it is possible to observe in a representative and graphic way how the drilling of the oil well is presented with navigation on the fracture (12) in a seismic mapping or seismic line. The oil well (12) is formed by its vertical segment (13) and its horizontal segment (14).
En la Tabla 1 podemos observar la información comparativa de dos pozos petroleros perforados en una zona de yacimientos naturalmente fracturados, donde se puede observar la producción neta de esta nueva forma de perforación de pozos petroleros durante 2 meses. In Table 1 we can see the comparative information of two oil wells drilled in an area of naturally fractured deposits, where you can see the net production of this new form of oil well drilling for 2 months.
Mes de Pozo A con Perforación Pozo B con Perforación Producción Tradicional Navegando sobre la Month of Well A with Drilling Well B with Drilling Traditional Production Navigating the
(BPD) Fractura (BPD)  (BPD) Fracture (BPD)
1 44.0 564.0  1 44.0 564.0
2 38.7 530.2  2 38.7 530.2
3 34.1 498.4  3 34.1 498.4
4 30.0 468.4  4 30.0 468.4
5 26.4 440.3  5 26.4 440.3
6 23.2 413.9 7 20.4 389.1 6 23.2 413.9 7 20.4 389.1
8 18.0 365.7  8 18.0 365.7
9 15.8 343.8  9 15.8 343.8
10 13.9 323.2  10 13.9 323.2
11 12.3 303.8  11 12.3 303.8
12 10.8 285.6  12 10.8 285.6
Tabla 1. Comparativo de producción de un pozo con perforación  Table 1. Production comparison of a well with drilling
tradicional y con perforación navegando sobre la fractura  Traditional and perforated sailing on the fracture
Como se muestra en la Tabla 1 , se presenta la producción de 12 meses en Barriles por Día (BPD) de dos pozos petroleros perforados en una zona de yacimientos naturalmente fracturados en México. El Pozo A fue perforado de forma tradicional, es decir, intersectando las fracturas del yacimiento naturalmente fracturado (figura 2). El Pozo B fue perforado determinando una dirección de navegación horizontal sobre la fractura, permitiendo intersectar en mayor número dicha fractura, comprobándolo mediante el aumento de la producción de petróleo. As shown in Table 1, the 12-month production in Barrels per Day (BPD) of two oil wells drilled in an area of naturally fractured deposits in Mexico is presented. Well A was drilled in a traditional way, that is, intersecting the fractures of the naturally fractured reservoir (figure 2). Well B was drilled by determining a direction of horizontal navigation over the fracture, allowing said fracture to intersect in greater numbers, checking it by increasing oil production.
En la figura 6 se presenta un diagrama de flujo del método para poder determinar la dirección de perforación horizontal en un yacimiento petrolero naturalmente fracturado. El proceso empieza en el bloque con la leyenda "Inicio" (17), y continúa en los siguientes bloques del 18 al 25 describiendo cada unos de los pasos que se llevan a cabo: A flow chart of the method to determine the direction of horizontal drilling in a naturally fractured oil field is presented in Figure 6. The process begins in the block with the legend "Start" (17), and continues in the following blocks from 18 to 25 describing each of the steps that are carried out:
Un área con conocimiento de un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado en el subsuelo de una zona petrolera (18). Esta información se comprueba más adelante, al analizar la información sísmica de la zona.  An area with knowledge of a naturally fractured reservoir in the subsoil of an oil zone (18). This information is checked later, when analyzing the seismic information of the area.
Obtención de información del área sobre pozos petroleros y sus estados mecánicos, así como informes de producción (19). La información de la construcción física de los pozos aledaños, la profundidad, registros eléctricos y datos históricos de producción, permiten tener un panorama para realizar el análisis adecuado de la zona. Obtaining information from the area about oil wells and their mechanical states, as well as production reports (19). The information of the physical construction of the surrounding wells, the depth, electrical records and historical production data, allow you to have a panorama to perform the proper analysis of the area.
Obtención de información sísmica y datos de nuevas señales sísmicas para obtener información de las estructuras del subsuelo y las interfaces (20). El mapeo sísmico permitirá interpretar adecuadamente el perfil geológico del subsuelo. Si se realizan nuevas líneas sísmicas, se realizan en base a un diseño de exploración. Recopilación del modelo geológico de la roca carbonatada de baja permeabilidad naturalmente fracturada (21). El modelo geológico permitirá determinar el diseño del pozo petrolero.  Obtaining seismic information and data of new seismic signals to obtain information on the subsoil structures and interfaces (20). The seismic mapping will allow to properly interpret the geological profile of the subsoil. If new seismic lines are made, they are made based on an exploration design. Compilation of the geological model of naturally fractured carbonated rock with low fracture permeability (21). The geological model will determine the design of the oil well.
Identificación de la formación geológica ubicada en la parte superior de la roca carbonatada de baja permeabilidad naturalmente fracturada, que permite las condiciones de entrampamiento de petróleo en la zona (22). Se determinan las profundidades de las estructuras e interfaces geológicas. Identification of the geological formation located in the upper part of the carbonate rock of low permeability naturally fractured, which allows the conditions of entrapment of oil in the area (22). The depths of the geological structures and interfaces are determined.
Mapeo del sistema de fracturas en secciones sísmicas de alta resolución en la zona de interés (23). La interpretación sísmica se realiza mediante un software comercial de procesado sísmico.  Mapping of the fracture system in high-resolution seismic sections in the area of interest (23). The seismic interpretation is done through a commercial seismic processing software.
Selección de la fractura que se observa un mayor potencial de producción de petróleo (24). La fractura de mayor permeabilidad, es la que permite un mayor flujo de petróleo. Selection of the fracture that shows a greater potential for oil production (24). The fracture with the highest permeability is the one that allows a greater flow of oil.
Localización de la ubicación X, Y del pozo justo en la vertical de la posición de la fractura del yacimiento petrolífero (25). En esta etapa se define la ubicación de la perforación del pozo petrolero.  Location of location X, Y of the well just in the vertical position of the oilfield fracture position (25). At this stage the location of the oil well drilling is defined.
Determinación de la trayectoria horizontal sobre la fractura (26). Esto se logra mediante una línea recta ubicada en el promedio de la trayectoria de la fractura seleccionada en el mapa sísmico interpretado. Las coordenadas Χ,Υ,Ζ del segmento horizontal del pozo, son definidas a partir de la línea recta resultante antes mencionada de una longitud de al menos 300 metros de longitud. La coordenada Χ,Υ,Ζ de la curva del pozo (unión entre el segmento vertical y horizontal), son definidas en base al tipo de equipo de perforación empleado. eso termina en el bloque con la leyenda "Fin" (27). Determination of the horizontal trajectory on the fracture (26). This is achieved by a straight line located on the average of the trajectory of the fracture selected on the interpreted seismic map. The coordinates Χ, Υ, Ζ of the horizontal segment of the well, are defined from the resulting straight line mentioned above. a length of at least 300 meters in length. The coordinate Χ, Υ, Ζ of the well curve (union between the vertical and horizontal segment), are defined based on the type of drilling equipment used. that ends in the block with the legend "End" (27).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Habiendo descrito suficientemente mi invención, lo considero como una novedad y por lo tanto reclamo como de mi exclusiva propiedad, lo contenido en las siguientes cláusulas: CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:
1.- Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, caracterizado por que comprende las siguientes etapas: 1.- A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
Selección de un área o zona petrolera con un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado en el subsuelo.  Selection of an oil area or area with a naturally fractured subsoil deposit.
Recolección de información técnica sobre los pozos petroleros de la zona seleccionada.  Collection of technical information on oil wells in the selected area.
Obtención de información sísmica existente y/o datos de nuevas líneas sísmicas de la zona en base a un diseño de exploración.  Obtaining existing seismic information and / or data of new seismic lines in the area based on an exploration design.
Recopilación del modelo geológico de la roca carbonatada de baja permeabilidad naturalmente fracturada.  Compilation of the geological model of naturally fractured carbonated rock of low permeability.
Identificación de la estructura geológica y sus interfaces, ubicando la profundidad de la parte superior de la roca carbonatada de baja permeabilidad naturalmente fracturada.  Identification of the geological structure and its interfaces, locating the depth of the upper part of the carbonate rock of low permeability naturally fractured.
Mapeo del sistema de fracturas en secciones sísmicas de alta resolución en la zona de interés.  Mapping of the fracture system in high-resolution seismic sections in the area of interest.
Selección de la fractura con mayor potencial de producción de petróleo. Localización de la ubicación X, Y del pozo petrolero en la vertical de la de la posición de la fractura seleccionada.  Selection of the fracture with the greatest potential for oil production. Location of location X, Y of the oil well in the vertical of the position of the selected fracture.
Determinación de la trayectoria en línea recta de la perforación horizontal sobre la fractura seleccionada y su ubicación en coordenadas Χ,Υ,Ζ. Determination of the straight line trajectory of the horizontal perforation on the selected fracture and its location in coordinates Χ, Υ, Ζ.
2.- Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso b), la información técnica analizada son los estados mecánicos de los pozos petroleros, registros eléctricos y sus historiales de producción. 2.- A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1, paragraph b), the technical information analyzed are the mechanical states of the oil wells, electrical records and its production histories.
3. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso c), los datos de nuevas señales sísmicas se realizan de acuerdo a un diseño de exploración. 3. - A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 paragraph c), the data of new seismic signals are made according to an exploration design .
4. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso f), las secciones sísmicas se interpretan de acuerdo al procesamiento de los datos levantados de la líneas sísmicas en un software comercial existente en el mercado. 4. - A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 subsection f), the seismic sections are interpreted according to the processing of the data collected from the seismic lines in an existing commercial software in the market.
5. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso g), la selección de la fractura de mayor potencial de producción de petróleo es en base a la que presente un mayor valor de permeabilidad. 5. - A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 subsection g), the selection of the fracture with the greatest oil production potential is based to which it presents a greater value of permeability.
6. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso i), la ubicación y definición de la trayectoria de la perforación horizontal sobre la fractura, se determina a partir del mapa sísmico interpretado. 6. - A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 subsection i), the location and definition of the horizontal drilling trajectory over the fracture, It is determined from the interpreted seismic map.
7. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso i), la longitud del segmento horizontal es de al menos 300 metros. 7. - A method to determine the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 paragraph i), the length of the horizontal segment is at least 300 meters.
8. - Un método para determinar la dirección de perforación de un pozo petrolero horizontal en un yacimiento naturalmente fracturado, de acuerdo a lo reivindicado en la cláusula 1 inciso i), la perforación horizontal navegando sobre la fractura intersecta en línea recta a dicha fractura en una o más veces. 8. - A method for determining the direction of drilling of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir, as claimed in clause 1 paragraph i), horizontal drilling navigating over the intersection fracture in a straight line to said fracture in one or more times
PCT/MX2014/000004 2013-01-14 2014-01-10 Method for determining the drilling direction of a horizontal oil well in a naturally fractured deposit WO2014109626A1 (en)

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