WO2014107997A1 - 一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法 - Google Patents

一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法 Download PDF

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WO2014107997A1
WO2014107997A1 PCT/CN2013/087999 CN2013087999W WO2014107997A1 WO 2014107997 A1 WO2014107997 A1 WO 2014107997A1 CN 2013087999 W CN2013087999 W CN 2013087999W WO 2014107997 A1 WO2014107997 A1 WO 2014107997A1
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Prior art keywords
fault
moment
contact section
tie
oscillating
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PCT/CN2013/087999
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汤涌
吴为
孙华东
何剑
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Arrangements for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling the transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling load sharing between connected networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00—Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30—Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power systems, and particularly relates to a method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle instability based on measured response information. Background technique
  • the transient stability problem is the focus of attention.
  • the transient stability analysis and control mode of "offline decision, online matching” and “online decision making, real-time matching” can not meet the requirements of safe and stable operation of large power grids, and gradually move to "real-time decision-making, real-time control”.
  • the direction of development In order to meet the requirements of real-time analysis, the existing transient stability analysis methods mainly focus on real-time/super real-time time domain simulation and direct method research. The study of these methods has greatly improved the speed of transient stability analysis.
  • Real-time transient stability analysis and control based on measured response data is essentially a "response control" model based on measured data, which can meet the requirements of "real-time decision-making, real-time control”.
  • the key lies in the study of fast transient stability criterion.
  • the research on the fast transient stability criterion mainly focuses on using the wide-area information to study the instability criterion when the trajectory encounters the dynamic saddle point according to the slope and power when the trajectory traverses the dynamic saddle point.
  • the multi-pendulum stability identification criterion is studied.
  • the transient instability criterion for multi-machine systems is studied. The study of these methods enriches the research theory of rapid stability criteria, but there are problems such as slow calculation speed and inaccurate recognition. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention relates to a method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle instability based on measured response information, and for determining transient power angle stability of a multi-machine interconnected power system after a fault, the method comprising:
  • Step S1 determining, by the information measured by the WAMS measurement system, an oscillating contact section of the multi-machine interconnected power system after the fault;
  • Step S2 periodically acquiring, by the WAMS measurement system, the contact section dynamic feature information capable of reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the multi-machine interconnection power system by using the MS as a sampling period;
  • Step S3 determining, according to the contact section dynamic feature information, that the contact line on the oscillating contact section is after a fault Whether the active power at the first moment is less than the active power at the first moment after the fault, yes, step S4 is performed, NO, step S6 is performed;
  • Step S4 determining, according to the contact section dynamic characteristic information, whether the phase difference of the bus voltage at the time after the fault of the tie line on the oscillating contact section is greater than the phase difference of the bus voltage at the first time after the fault, yes, Step S5 is performed, and no, step S6 is performed;
  • Step S5 determining, according to the contact section dynamic characteristic information, whether the frequency at the first moment after the fault of the sending end bus of the contact line on the oscillating contact section is greater than the frequency of the first time after the fault, and determining that the multi-machine interconnection The power system will have a transient power angle instability at the first time after the fault, otherwise, step S6 is performed;
  • step S1 after the information of the WAMS measurement system is used to determine the oscillating contact section of the system after the fault, the contact line on the oscillating contact section is determined.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the present invention when a plurality of active powers of the tie line oscillate in the multi-machine interconnected power system, when a change trend of a variable on the contact line meets an instability condition, The oscillation instability occurs between the multi-machine interconnected power systems; in the case where the oscillation center is in the plurality of the tie lines, the transient power angle instability determination is separately performed for each of the tie lines.
  • the contact section dynamic feature information capable of reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the multi-machine interconnected power system is periodically acquired by the WAMS measurement system from the fault,
  • the sampling period of the contact section dynamic characteristic information is the same as the sampling period of the PMU measuring unit in the WAMS measurement system;
  • the dynamic characteristic information of the contact section includes active power of different tie lines on the oscillating contact section at different times, a voltage phase angle of the first end of the tie line, and a frequency of the tie line feed end bus; wherein, the first tie line on the contact section at the first moment after the fault
  • the active power is, the voltage phase angle of the first end of the tie line is respectively, and the contact line bus frequency is ⁇ '.
  • step S3 it is determined whether the active power of the contact line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is greater than the fault after the fault according to the contact section dynamic characteristic information.
  • the method of active power at the moment is:
  • the active power of the kth tie line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault and at the first-time after the fault is respectively ;
  • step S4 it is determined whether the phase difference of the bus voltage at the moment after the fault is greater than the contact line on the oscillating contact section according to the contact section dynamic characteristic information is greater than
  • the method of the phase difference of the bus voltage at the first-time after the fault is:
  • step S5 it is determined whether the frequency at the first moment after the fault of the sending bus of the contact line on the oscillating contact section is greater than the frequency at the -r time after the fault is:
  • the beneficial effects of a real-time discriminant method for transient power angle instability based on measured response information provided by the present invention include:
  • the invention provides a method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle instability based on measured response information, and identifies an oscillating contact section of a multi-machine interconnected power system by using information measured by a WAMS measurement system, and extracting can reflect transient power between oscillating systems
  • the real-time response information of the angular stability characteristic, real-time analysis of the transient power angle stability based on the real-time response information provides technical support for the safe and stable operation of the large-scale power system.
  • the power-phase angle-frequency is used as a criterion for quickly determining the stability of the power system transient power angle.
  • the power, phase angle and frequency can be directly obtained by the real-time response information measured by the WAMS measurement system, making the judgment more intuitive and quick. Make this judgment method more practical.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle instability based on measured response information according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an oscillating area system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an equivalent two-machine system provided by the present invention
  • 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an equivalent two-machine system provided by the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a phasor diagram of an equivalent two-machine system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a tie line provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network structure of a regional multi-machine interconnected power system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing a phase angle difference and an active power of a regional multi-machine interconnected power system according to the present invention
  • Time trend graph is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network structure of a regional multi-machine interconnected power system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing a trend of a bus line frequency of a regional multi-machine interconnected power system as a function of time according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention provides a real-time discrimination method for transient power angle instability based on measured response information, and identifies an oscillating contact section of a multi-machine interconnected power system by using information measured by a WAMS (Wide Area Measurement System) measurement system.
  • the measured response information that can reflect the transient power angle stability characteristics of the oscillating system is extracted, and the transient stability of the multi-machine interconnected power system is analyzed in real time according to the measured response information.
  • FIG. 1 the flowchart of the method is shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • Step S l determining the oscillating contact surface of the multi-machine interconnected power system after the fault by using the information measured by the WAMS measurement system.
  • step S2 the WAMS measurement system periodically acquires the dynamic characteristics of the contact section that can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the multi-machine interconnected power system by using the ⁇ as the sampling period.
  • Step S3 Determine whether the active power of the contact line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is less than the active power at the time after the fault according to the dynamic characteristic information of the contact section. If yes, go to step S4, otherwise, go to step S6.
  • Step S4 determining, according to the dynamic characteristic information of the contact section, whether the phase difference of the bus voltage of the contact line on the oscillating contact section at the time after the fault is greater than the phase difference of the bus voltage of the first time after the fault, and executing step S5. Otherwise, go to step S6.
  • Step S5 determining, according to the dynamic characteristic information of the contact section, whether the frequency at the first moment after the fault of the sending bus of the contact line on the oscillating contact section is greater than the frequency of the first time after the fault, and determining that the multi-connected power system is after the fault The transient power angle instability will occur at the first moment, otherwise, step S6 is performed.
  • Transient power angle stability of interconnected power systems Embodiment 1:
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an embodiment of a method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle instability based on WAMS measurement information provided by the present invention.
  • the transient power angle stability of the multi-machine interconnected power system is determined in real time, and the measurement is performed by the WAMS system from the time of the fault.
  • the oscillating contact section of the multi-machine interconnected power system after the fault is determined by the measurement information measured by the WAMS system, and the tie line at the oscillating center is identified, thereby dividing the multi-machine interconnected power system into an oscillating two-area system.
  • step S2 the contact section dynamic characteristic information capable of reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the multi-machine interconnected power system is periodically obtained from the WAMS measurement system after the fault, and the sampling period of the contact section dynamic characteristic information is compared with the WAMS measurement system.
  • the sampling period of the PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) measurement unit is the same, including the active power of different tie lines on the oscillating contact section at different times, the voltage phase angle of the first end of the line, and the bus frequency of the tie line.
  • the active power of the first tie line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is , the voltage phase angle of the first end of the tie line is respectively, and the bus frequency of the tie line feed end is .
  • the two regions are respectively zone A and zone B, and zone A and zone B contain multiple generators, and the system of zone A and the system of zone B are respectively equivalent.
  • the structure diagram and the equivalent circuit diagram of the equivalent two-machine system shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 can be obtained, and FIG. 5 is the phasor diagram of the equivalent two-machine system.
  • the principle and method for identifying the transient power angle instability of the system based on the measured response information of the oscillating contact section are:
  • the active power on the tie line between area A and area B is P eAB
  • the phase angle difference between the two ends of the tie line between area A and area B is ⁇ the mechanical power of the prime mover that maintains the active power of the tie line between area A and area B
  • ⁇ the dynamic stability characteristics of the system reflected on the contact line between the area ⁇ and the area B are shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Contact line information change corresponding system dynamic stability characteristics table
  • the active power delivered to each of the contact lines where the oscillation center is located has the same property as shown in Table 1 for the corresponding mechanical power.
  • the amount of change in the active power at the contact line and the phase angle difference at both ends takes the amount of change from the first time to the first time after the fault, that is, when the ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ - ⁇ and > are satisfied, the multi-machine interconnected power system Transient power angle instability will occur.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ respectively represent the active power of the kth tie line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault
  • ⁇ and ⁇ respectively indicate the time after the fault
  • the active power of the kth tie line on the oscillating contact section and the phase angle difference between the two ends of the tie line are examples of the time after the fault.
  • the electromagnetic power output by the equalizer A is:
  • the active power delivered on the tie line is equal to the electromagnetic power output by the equivalent generator of the delivery system during the oscillation process.
  • the active power and the delivery system on the contact line where the oscillation center is located The electromagnetic power of the equivalent generator in the transient process has the same geometrical variation characteristics.
  • phase difference of the bus voltage of the first tie line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is:
  • each tie line port has a generator characteristic, which can be equivalent to a generator connected to the bus.
  • the active power on the contact line has a load characteristic for the delivery system, which can be equivalent to the load connected to the bus. Therefore, at the first moment in the transient process, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first tie line is shown in Fig. 6. Then the rotor equation of the equivalent generator at the moment is:
  • M t is the inertia time constant of the equivalent generator, which is the difference in rotational speed under synchronous coordinates.
  • Differential is used instead of differential:
  • step S4 the change in the angular phase difference of the bus voltage of the kth contact line on the oscillating contact section at the i-th time after the fault at the i-th time is:
  • step S5 the frequency change of the bus line at the sending end of the kth contact line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is:
  • step S6 is performed.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the second embodiment of the method for real-time discrimination of transient power angle stability based on the measured response information provided by the present invention is an embodiment of a real-time discrimination method for transient power angle stability of a multi-machine interconnected power system in a certain area, the region
  • the schematic diagram of the grid structure of the interconnected system is shown in Figure 7.
  • the simulation calculation tool is a full-process dynamic simulation program (PSD-FDS), and the disturbance response data obtained by the simulation program is used to simulate the wide-area measurement system. Real-time measurement data.
  • the fault condition is that a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs on the bus B1 side of the line L1 at the 0s time, 0.09s trips the B1 side switch, 0.1s trips the B13 side switch, and the line L2 is tripped. Monitor the tie line L3 connected to System A.
  • Step S1' Simulate the real-time measurement data of the wide-area measurement system by using the disturbance response data obtained by the simulation program, and determine the contact line on the oscillation contact section.
  • the contact line L3 Simulate the real-time measurement data of the wide-area measurement system by using the disturbance response data obtained by the simulation program, and determine the contact line on the oscillation contact section.
  • Step S2' extracting the contact section characteristic information reflecting the oscillation characteristic of the system, the data after the fault starts from 0.1s, the characteristic quantity is the active power P e of the tie line L3, the phase angle of the bus line B2 and the phase angle of the bus line B3 and the bus line B3 frequency/.
  • the trend of the characteristic variables is shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
  • Step S4' The phase difference of the bus voltage of the first tie line on the oscillating contact section at the first moment after the fault is:
  • Step S5' The frequency change of the bus line at the kth contact line of the oscillation contact section at the first moment after the fault is:
  • step S6 is performed.

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Abstract

一种用来判断多机互联电力系统故障后的暂态功角稳定性的基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别方法，包括：确定多机互联电力系统的振荡联络断面；获取联络断面动态特征信息；根据联络断面动态特征信息，判断振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后第i时刻的有功功率小于故障后第i-T时刻的有功功率、母线电压相角差大于故障后的第i-T时刻的母线电压相角差和振荡联络断面上联络线的送端母线故障后第i时刻的频率大于故障后第i-T时刻的频率三个条件同时成立时，判断多机互联电力系统在故障后第i时刻将发生暂态攻角失稳，否则判断多机互联电力系统在故障后i时刻不会发生暂态攻角失稳，充分考虑了系统的非线性特性，能准确分析系统受扰后的暂态功角稳定性。

Description

一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统领域， 具体涉及一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的 方法。 背景技术
随着特高压大电网的建设、新能源发电和新型电力电子设备的引入， 电网规模不断扩大， 复杂程度不断增加， 系统的动态特性也更加复杂。 区域电力系统的互联提高了能源的大范围 优化配置能力， 同时也可能使区域内的局部故障通过区域间的联络断面向更大范围扩散， 使 大电网的安全稳定运行面临更大的挑战。
对于多机互联大规模电力系统， 暂态稳定问题是人们关注的焦点。 随着联网规模越来越 大， "离线决策， 在线匹配"和 "在线决策， 实时匹配" 的暂态稳定分析与控制模式已不能 满足大电网安全稳定运行要求， 逐渐向 "实时决策， 实时控制" 的方向发展。 为满足实时分 析的要求， 已有的暂态稳定分析方法主要集中在实时 /超实时时域仿真法和直接法的研究上。 这些方法的研究， 极大地提高了暂态稳定分析的速度。 基于实测响应数据的实时暂态稳定分 析与控制本质上是一种基于实测数据的 "响应控制"模式， 能满足 "实时决策， 实时控制" 的要求， 其关键在于快速暂态稳定判据的研究。 目前对快速暂态稳定判据的研究， 主要集中 在利用广域信息， 根据 轨迹穿越动态鞍点时的斜率和功率， 研究当轨迹遇到动态鞍点时 的失稳判据。 基于发电机动能 -功角曲线的扩展相平面， 研究故障后发电机在保持稳定、 首摆 失稳和滑行失步三种情况下的暂态稳定指标判据。 基于轨迹分析法， 从能量函数入手， 研究 多摆稳定性识别判据。 基于轨迹几何特征， 研究识别多机系统的暂态不稳定性判据。 这些方 法的研究， 丰富了快速稳定判据的研究理论， 但是存在计算速度过慢， 识别不够准确等问题。 发明内容
本发明涉及一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法， 判断多机互联电力 系统在故障后的暂态功角稳定性， 所述方法包括：
步骤 Sl， 通过 WAMS量测系统测量的信息确定故障后所述多机互联电力系统的振荡联 络断面；
步骤 S2， 以 Γ为采样周期通过所述 WAMS量测系统周期性的获取能够反映所述多机互 联电力系统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信息；
步骤 S3， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后 第 时刻的有功功率是否小于故障后第 时刻的有功功率， 是， 执行步骤 S4， 否， 执行步 骤 S6;
步骤 S4， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后 第 时刻的母线电压相角差是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的母线电压相角差， 是，执行步骤 S5， 否， 执行步骤 S6;
步骤 S5， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上联络线的送端母线 故障后第 时刻的频率是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的频率， 是， 判断所述多机互联电力系统 在故障后第 时刻将发生暂态功角失稳， 否， 执行步骤 S6;
步骤 S6， 判断所述多机互联电力系统在故障后 时刻不会发生暂态功角失稳， 设置 的值 为 = + Γ， 执行步骤 SI。
本发明提供的第一优选实施例中： 所述步骤 S1中， 通过 WAMS量测系统测量的信息确 定故障后系统的振荡联络断面后， 确定处于所述振荡联络断面上的联络线。
本发明提供的第二优选实施例中： 当所述多机互联电力系统中有多条所述联络线有功功 率发生振荡时， 任意一条所述联络线上变量的变化趋势满足失稳条件时， 则说明所述多机互 联电力系统间发生振荡失稳； 在所述振荡中心处于多条所述联络线的情况下， 对每条所述联 络线单独进行暂态功角失稳判断。
本发明提供的第三优选实施例中： 所述步骤 S2中， 从故障后开始通过所述 WAMS量测 系统周期性的获取能够反映多机互联电力系统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信息， 所述联络 断面动态特征信息的采样周期 Γ与所述 WAMS 量测系统中的 PMU测量单元的采样周期相 同；
所述联络断面动态特征信息包括不同时刻振荡联络断面上不同联络线的有功功率、 联络 线首末端电压相角及联络线送端母线频率； 其中， 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络 线的有功功率为 ， 联络线首末端电压相角分别为 、 联络线送端母线频率为 Λ'。
本发明提供的第四优选实施例中： 所述步骤 S3中根据所述联络断面动态特征信息，判断 所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后第 时刻的有功功率是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的有 功功率的方法为：
故障后第 时刻和第 - Γ时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的有功功率分别为 和 ；
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 /^ - ^ < 0时所述振荡联络断面上的所述第 k条 联络线在故障后第 时刻的有功功率小于故障后第 - Γ时刻的有功功率。 本发明提供的第五优选实施例中： 所述步骤 S4中根据所述联络断面动态特征信息，判断 所述振荡联络断面上的所述联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的母线电压相角差的方法为：
故障后第 时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的母线电压相角差为： Θ = δ - δ[2 ; 所述振荡联络断面上的所述第 k条联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差 与故障 后第 - r时刻的母线电压相角差 的差为： - Θ [- τ = {δ χ - δ[2) - (δ^ -s 2 T)；
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 ¾ - ) > o时所述振荡联络断面上 的所述第 k条联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的母线电压 相角差。
本发明提供的第六优选实施例中
所述步骤 S5中根据所述联络断面动态特征信息，判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线的送 端母线故障后第 时刻的频率是否大于故障后第 - r时刻的频率的方法为：
故障后第 时刻和第 - r时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的送端母线的频率分别 为 f 和 f—T ·'
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 Δ/ = > 0时所述振荡联络断面上的所述 第 k条联络线在故障后第 时刻的送端母线的频率大于故障后第 时刻的频率。 本发明提 供的一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别方法的有益效果包括：
本发明提供的一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法，通过 WAMS量测 系统测量的信息识别多机互联电力系统的振荡联络断面， 提取能反映振荡系统间暂态功角稳 定特性的实时响应信息， 根据该实时响应信息对暂态功角稳定性进行实时分析， 为大规模电 力系统的安全稳定运行提供技术支撑。
采用功率 -相角 -频率作为快速判断电力系统暂态功角稳定性的判据， 其中功率、 相角和 频率均可以通过 WAMS量测系统测量的实时响应信息直接获得，使判断更为直观快捷，使该 判断方法更具实用性。 附图说明
如图 1所示为本发明提供的一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法流程 图；
如图 2所示为本发明提供的振荡区域系统示意图；
如图 3所示为本发明提供的等值两机系统结构示意图； 如图 4所示为本发明提供的等值两机系统的等值电路图；
如图 5所示为本发明提供的等值两机系统的相量图；
如图 6所示为本发明提供的联络线的等效电路图；
如图 7所示为本发明提供的区域多机互联电力系统的网架结构的实施例的示意图； 如图 8所示为本发明提供的区域多机互联电力系统相角差和有功功率的随时间的变化趋 势曲线图；
如图 9所示为本发明提供的区域多机互联电力系统母线频率随时间的变化趋势曲线图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角失稳实时判别的方法，通过 WAMS ( Wide Area Measurement System, 广域监测系统)量测系统测量的信息识别多机互联电力系统的振荡 联络断面， 提取能够反映振荡系统间暂态功角稳定特性的实测响应信息， 根据该实测响应信 息对多机互联电力系统的暂态稳定性进行实时分析。 具体的， 该方法的流程图如图 1所示， 由图 1可知， 该方法包括：
步骤 S l， 通过 WAMS量测系统测量的信息确定故障后多机互联电力系统的振荡联络断 面。
步骤 S2， 以 Γ为采样周期通过 WAMS量测系统周期性的获取能够反映多机互联电力系 统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信息。
步骤 S3， 根据联络断面动态特征信息， 判断振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后第 时刻 的有功功率是否小于故障后第 - Γ时刻的有功功率， 是， 执行步骤 S4， 否， 执行步骤 S6。
步骤 S4， 根据联络断面动态特征信息， 判断振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后第 时刻 的母线电压相角差是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的母线电压相角差， 是， 执行步骤 S5， 否， 执 行步骤 S6。
步骤 S5， 根据联络断面动态特征信息， 判断振荡联络断面上联络线的送端母线故障后第 时刻的频率是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的频率， 是， 判断该多机互联电力系统在故障后第 时刻将发生暂态功角失稳， 否， 执行步骤 S6。
步骤 S6， 判断该多机互联电力系统在故障后 时刻不会发生暂态功角失稳， 设置 的值为 i = i + T， 执行步骤 S l。
步骤 S6中在判断该多机互联电力系统在故障后 时刻不会发生暂态功角失稳后，设置 的 值为 = ί + Γ， 执行步骤 SI， 即判断经过采样周期 Γ时间后该多机互联电力系统的暂态功角 稳定性。 实施例一：
本发明提供的实施例一为本发明提供的一种基于 WAMS 量测信息的暂态功角失稳实时 判别的方法的实施例。
具体的， 该实施例中多机互联电力系统的暂态功角稳定性实时判别， 从故障后开始通过 WAMS系统进行测量。步骤 S1中， 通过 WAMS系统测量的测量信息确定故障后多机互联电 力系统的振荡联络断面， 识别处于振荡中心的联络线， 从而将多机互联电力系统划分为振荡 两区域系统。
步骤 S2中， 从故障后开始通过 WAMS量测系统周期性的获取能够反映多机互联电力系 统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信息，该联络断面动态特征信息的采样周期 Γ与 WAMS量测 系统中的 PMU(Phasor Measurement Unit, 同步相角测量单元)测量单元的采样周期相同，包括 不同时刻振荡联络断面上不同联络线的有功功率、 线路首末端电压相角及联络线送端母线频 率。 其中， 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络线的有功功率为 ， 联络线首末端电 压相角分别为 、 联络线送端母线频率为 。
如图 2所示的振荡两区域系统的示意图， 两区域分别为区域 A和区域 B， 区域 A和区域 B中包含有多台发电机， 将区域 A的系统和区域 B的系统分别进行等值， 可得到如图 3和图 4所示的等值两机系统的结构示意图及等值电路图， 图 5为等值两机系统的相量图。
根据振荡联络断面实测响应信息识别系统暂态功角失稳的原理和方法为：
区域 A和区域 B之间联络线上的有功功率为 PeAB，区域 A和区域 B之间联络线两端的相 角差为^ 维持区域 A和区域 B之间联络线有功功率的原动机机械功率为 ΑΒ， 则区域 Α和 区域 B之间联络线上反映的系统动态稳定特性如表一所示。
表一： 联络线信息变化对应系统动态稳定特性表
序号 联络线信息变化量关系 稳定性
1 △ >0， Αθ>0, PmAB < PeAB 功角稳定
2 △ >0， Αθ>0, PmAB >PeAB 功角稳定
3 ΔΡΜβ >0， Αθ<0, PmAB < PeAB 功角稳定
4 ΔΡΜβ <0， Αθ<0, PmAB < PeAB 功角稳定
5 Δ^β <0， Αθ<0, PmAB > PeAB 功角稳定
6 ΔΡΜβ <0， Αθ>0, PmAB < PeAB 功角稳定
7 ^PeAB < 0- Δ^>0, PmAB > PeAB 功角失稳 表一中 ΔΡΜΒ表示区域 Α和区域 B之间联络线上的有功功率的变化量， ΑΘ表示区域 A和 区域 B之间联络线两端的相角差的变化量， 由表一可知， ΔΡΜΒ>0， Δθ<0， /^〉/5 ^这种 情况不存在除外， 联络线信息中只有当区域 Α和区域 B之间联络线上的有功功率的变化量 Δ Β < 0 , 区域 Α和区域 Β之间联络线两端的相角差的变化量 Δ >0， 区域 Α和区域 Β之 间联络线上的有功功率的原动机机械功率 Ρ„ ^大于有功功率 ΡΜΒ时， 该 Α区域和 B区域组成 的多机互联电力系统才会发生暂态功角失稳。
当多机互联电力系统中有多条联络线有功功率发生振荡时， 对振荡中心所在的每条联络 线， 其输送的有功功率与所对应的机械功率同样具有表一所示的性质。 当观察到任意一条联 络线上变量的变化趋势满足失稳条件时， 则说明该多机互联电力系统间发生振荡失稳。 因此 振荡中心处于多条联络线的情况下， 只需对每条联络线单独进行分析判断。
具体的， 联络线上的有功功率和两端的相角差的变化量取故障后第 时刻相对第 -Γ时 刻的变化量， 即满足/^ </^— τ和 > 时， 多机互联电力系统会发生暂态功角 失稳。 其中 、 和 λ分别表示故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的有功功率、 联络线两端的相角差和有功功率的原动机机械功率， ^和 ^分别表示故障后第 -Γ时刻 振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的有功功率和联络线两端的相角差。
由图 5可知， 等值机 A输出的电磁功率 为：
Figure imgf000008_0001
而根据图 5所示变量间的关系有：
IBXL
Figure imgf000008_0002
则：
Figure imgf000008_0003
可得区域 A和区域 B之间联络线上的有功功率表达式
Figure imgf000008_0004
_V s-sin( _ ） (4) 其中 、 为线路首末端电压相角， 、 为线路首末端电压幅值， 为输电线路电抗。 根据图 4和图 5可知：
PeAB = IBVB∞ + δ) = ΙΒΕΒοο^φ
= ΕΑΙΒ οί,(φ + δ) = Ρ0
即当忽略系统间的电阻特性时， 联络线上输送的有功功率与送端系统等值发电机在振荡 过程中输出的电磁功率相等。 结合式 (4)可知： 振荡中心所在联络线上的有功功率与送端系统 等值发电机在暂态过程中的电磁功率具有相同的几何变化特性。
故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络线的母线电压相角差为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
则故障后第 i时刻相对第 i - T时刻振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的母线电压相角差变化量为：
Figure imgf000009_0002
说明需要满足步骤 S4中的条件 > θ[-τ时只需满足：
-^) >0 (8) 分析图 2， 对送端系统 Α， 各联络线端口具有发电机特性， 可等效为与母线相连的发电 机。联络线上的有功功率， 对于送端系统 Α而言具有负荷特性， 可等效为与母线相连的负荷。 因此， 在暂态过程中的第 时刻， 第 条联络线的等效电路图如图 6所示。则等效发电机 在 时刻的转子运动方程为：
Figure imgf000009_0003
式中 Mt为等效发电机的惯性时间常数， 为同步坐标下的转速差， 用差分代替微分有：
Μ,, ~ k- = Μ,, 丄 P _ k (10)
At At
式中 ΔΛ''为等效发电机 端口 时刻的频率变化 由表一可知， 功角失稳时^ S>P^， 贝 iJ:
(11)
At
说明满足步骤 S5中振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的送端母线故障后第 时刻的频率大于故障 后第 时刻的频率的条件：
ΔΛ! =Λ!_Λ!— Γ >ο (12) 时可以满足 ^ > ， 即可以满足表一中暂态功角失稳的条件： PmAB>PeAB, 式中 / 、 d 等效发电机 (¾在第 、 -r时刻的端口频率。 由于等效发电机与联络线母线直接相连， 因此 发电机端口频率与联络线送端母线频率相等， 可根据 WAMS量测系统实时采集得到。
综上所述， 可得如下暂态功角失稳的功率-相角-频率快速判据： II)K >0 (13)
Figure imgf000009_0004
步骤 S3中， 故障后第 时刻相对第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络线的有功功率变 化量为： Δ¾=¾ (14) 若满足 Λ^=^- Τ<0， 则判据条件 (I)成立， 执行步骤 S4; 不满足 Λ^ _ τ<ϋ， 则执行步骤 S6。
步骤 S4中， 故障后第 i时刻相对第 i - T时刻振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的母线电压相 角差变化量为：
Figure imgf000010_0001
若满足 Λ =Κ >0, 则判据条件 (Π)成立， 执行步骤 S5; 不满足 Ae'=e'-e'-f >0， 则执行步骤 S6。
步骤 S5中， 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线送端母线频率变化量为：
Figure imgf000010_0002
若满足 ΔΛ' = -/ΓΤ>Ο， 则判据条件 (in)成立， 此时系统将发生暂态功角失稳； 不满足
Af = fi - f T > 0， 则执行步骤 S6。
实施例二：
本发明提供的一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角稳定性实时判别的方法的实施例二为以 某区域的多机互联电力系统的暂态功角稳定性实时判别方法实施例， 该区域互联系统的网架 结构示意图如图 7所示， 采用 2010年冬季方式数据， 仿真计算工具为全过程动态仿真程序 (PSD-FDS), 用仿真程序得到的扰动响应数据来模拟广域量测系统的实时量测数据。 故障条 件为在第 0s时刻线路 L1的母线 B1侧发生三相短路故障， 0.09s跳开 B1侧开关， 0.1s跳开 B13侧开关， 同时跳开线路 L2。 监测与系统 A相连的联络线 L3。
步骤 Sl': 通过仿真程序得到的扰动响应数据来模拟广域量测系统的实时量测数据，确定 振荡联络断面上的联络线， 本算例中为联络线 L3。
步骤 S2': 提取反映系统振荡特性的联络断面特征信息， 故障后数据从 0.1s开始， 特征 量为联络线 L3的有功功率 Pe、母线 B2的相角 和母线 B3的相角 以及母线 B3的频率 /。 特征变量的变化趋势如图 8、 图 9所示。
步骤 S3': 根据动态特征信息， 分析联络线有功功率的变化特性， 故障后第 时刻振荡联 络断面上第 条联络线的有功功率变化量为： 若满足 Δ = -/^ <0， 则判据条件 (I)成立， 执行步骤 S4; 不满足 ΛΡΧ_Ρ τ<0， 则执行步骤 S6。
由图 8可知，在 = 0.42s前，线路 L3的有功功率持续增加，不满足判据条件； t = 0A2s 后， 有功功率持续减小， 判据条件成立。
步骤 S4': 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络线的母线电压相角差为：
θ' = _ ¾2
则第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络线的母线电压相角差变化量为：
ΑΘ· =θ· -θ-τ = (δ1 -δ2)-(δ^] τ -δ^)
若满足 Δ^ = ^ -^ >0， 则判据条件 (Π)成立， 执行步骤 S5; 不满足 Δ ' = ^ -^ >0， 则 执行步骤 S6。
由图 8可知， 故障后线路 L3的相角差持续增加， 判据条件成立。
步骤 S5': 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线送端母线频率变化量为：
= f -f T
若满足 ΔΛ' = -/ΓΤ>Ο， 则判据条件 (in)成立， 此时系统将发生暂态功角失稳； 不满足
Af = ft - f T > 0， 则执行步骤 S6。
由图 9 可知， 在 i = 0.52s前， 线路 L3 的送端母线频率持续下降， 不满足判据条件； i = 0.52s后， 送端母线频率开始上升， 判据条件成立。
步骤 S6': 判断系统发生暂态功角失稳的条件缺一不可， 即条件 (1)、 条件 (Π)和条件 (III) 同时成立。 由上述分析可知， i = 0.52s后， 判据条件均成立， 故在 i = 0.52s后， 可判断系 统将发生暂态功角失稳。
以上虽然根据附图对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明， 但不仅限于此具体实施方式， 本 领域的技术人员根据此具体技术方案进行的各种等同、 变形处理， 也在本发明的保护范围之 内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种基于实测响应信息的暂态功角稳定性实时判别的方法， 判断多机互联电力系统在 故障后的暂态功角稳定性， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括：
步骤 Sl， 通过 WAMS量测系统测量的信息确定故障后所述多机互联电力系统的振荡联 络断面；
步骤 S2， 以 Γ为采样周期通过所述 WAMS量测系统周期性的获取能够反映所述多机互 联电力系统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信息；
步骤 S3， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后 第 时刻的有功功率是否小于故障后第 - Γ时刻的有功功率， 是， 执行步骤 S4， 否， 执行步 骤 S6;
步骤 S4， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后 第 时刻的母线电压相角差是否大于故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差， 是，执行步骤 S5， 否， 执行步骤 S6;
步骤 S5， 根据所述联络断面动态特征信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上联络线的送端母线 故障后第 时刻的频率是否大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的频率， 是， 判断所述多机互联电力系统 在故障后第 时刻将发生暂态功角失稳， 否， 执行步骤 S6;
步骤 S6， 判断所述多机互联电力系统在故障后 时刻不会发生暂态功角失稳， 设置 的值 为 ί' = ί' + Γ， 执行步骤 SI。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 S1中， 通过 WAMS量测系统测 量的信息确定故障后系统的振荡联络断面后， 确定处于所述振荡联络断面上的联络线。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 当所述多机互联电力系统中有多条所述联络 线有功功率发生振荡时， 任意一条所述联络线上变量的变化趋势满足失稳条件时， 则所述多 机互联电力系统间发生振荡失稳； 在所述振荡中心处于多条所述联络线的情况下， 对每条所 述联络线单独进行暂态功角失稳判断。
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 S2 中， 从故障后开始通过所述 WAMS 量测系统周期性的获取能够反映多机互联电力系统动态特性的联络断面动态特征信 息， 所述联络断面动态特征信息的采样周期 Γ与所述 WAMS量测系统中的 PMU测量单元的 采样周期相同；
所述联络断面动态特征信息包括不同时刻振荡联络断面上不同联络线的有功功率、 联络 线首末端电压相角及联络线送端母线频率； 其中， 故障后第 时刻振荡联络断面上第 条联络 线的有功功率为 ， 联络线首末端电压相角分别为 、 Sk'2 , 联络线送端母线频率为 Λ'。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 S3中根据所述联络断面动态特征 信息， 判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线在故障后第 时刻的有功功率是否小于故障后第 -Γ时刻的有功功率的方法为：
故障后第 时刻和第 -Γ时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的有功功率分别为 和 Pi T .，
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 -C<o时所述振荡联络断面上的所述第 k条 联络线在故障后第 时刻的有功功率小于故障后第 -Γ时刻的有功功率。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 S4中根据所述联络断面动态特征 信息，判断所述振荡联络断面上的所述联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差是否大于故 障后第 i - T时刻的母线电压相角差的方法为：
故障后第 时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的母线电压相角差为： Θ =δ[χ -δ[2., 所述振荡联络断面上的所述第 k条联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差 与故障 后第 Γ时刻的母线电压相角差 的差为： Θ[-Θ Τ =(δ[γ -5[2)-(5^ -Slf)；
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 - )>0时所述振荡联络断面上 的所述第 k条联络线在故障后第 时刻的母线电压相角差大于故障后第 时刻的母线电压 相角差。
7、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 S5中根据所述联络断面动态特征 信息，判断所述振荡联络断面上的联络线的送端母线故障后第 时刻的频率是否大于故障后第 时刻的频率的方法为：
故障后第 时刻和第 -Γ时刻所述振荡联络断面上第 k条联络线的送端母线的频率分别 为 f 和 f —T；
根据所述联络断面动态特征信息判断 Δ/ = fk -fk T > 0时所述振荡联络断面上的所述 第 k条联络线在故障后第 i时刻的送端母线的频率大于故障后第 - Γ时刻的频率。
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