WO2014107946A1 - 一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法 - Google Patents

一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014107946A1
WO2014107946A1 PCT/CN2013/078356 CN2013078356W WO2014107946A1 WO 2014107946 A1 WO2014107946 A1 WO 2014107946A1 CN 2013078356 W CN2013078356 W CN 2013078356W WO 2014107946 A1 WO2014107946 A1 WO 2014107946A1
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Prior art keywords
transmission delay
buffer
playback
slow
fast
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PCT/CN2013/078356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许燕
徐正春
吴晓
李晓华
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北京信威通信技术股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/759,273 priority Critical patent/US20150358686A1/en
Publication of WO2014107946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014107946A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6373Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control, e.g. request to the server to modify its transmission rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44004Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving video buffer management, e.g. video decoder buffer or video display buffer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2416Real-time traffic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/283Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/30Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/23805Controlling the feeding rate to the network, e.g. by controlling the video pump
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2383Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44209Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289Congestion control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187Live feed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a code rate smoothing method for real-time video transmission in a wireless network. Background of the invention
  • the traditional streaming media system adopts a method of buffering frames, and uses a certain playback delay in exchange for video fluency.
  • the method uses a play buffer to buffer the received media data.
  • the received media data is first put into the buffer, and when the amount of data in the buffer reaches a certain threshold, the time stamp information is started.
  • Play streaming media If the channel condition deteriorates and the buffer overflows, the playback is paused, and the amount of data in the buffer reaches the specified threshold and continues to play. Obviously, if there is more data cached, this method can effectively reduce the client because of the package. Playback due to loss, packet delay, jitter, etc. is interrupted.
  • this method cannot calculate the network transmission delay status, and cannot dynamically adjust the buffer size. Due to the inconsistency of the read data rate, the buffer change is likely to be large, and the buffer area may be full or aired. The video is not playing smoothly. That is, when the transmission delay is small and the network condition is good, the amount of data in the buffer cannot be reduced, resulting in unnecessary buffer time being introduced, thereby generating a relatively large delay in playback, and it is difficult to ensure real-time video transmission. Sexuality; When the network status is poor, the amount of data in the buffer area cannot be dynamically adjusted, which may cause the buffer to be emptied, play pause, and affect the user experience. It is difficult to ensure the smoothness of video transmission. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a rate smoothing method for real-time video transmission in a wireless network, which can achieve a balance between real-time and smoothness of the video stream.
  • a method for smoothing a rate of real-time video transmission in a wireless network comprising: periodically transmitting a delay of a statistical video frame, when the transmission delay is small, and shortening the play buffer by fast-forwarding, when the transmission delay becomes large
  • the speed of the fast forward and the slow play is determined by the transmission delay change, the play buffer depth, and the time stamp information.
  • the transmission delay of the video frame can be periodically counted, and the change of the state of the wireless network is sensed according to the statistical result, thereby dynamically adjusting the size of the play buffer, and finding the optimal play delay to reach
  • the smoothing effect achieves a balance between real-time and fluency of the video stream.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for smoothing a rate of real-time video transmission in a wireless network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a receiving end device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • B is a flowchart for decoding storage. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • the present invention proposes a rate smoothing method for real-time video transmission in a wireless network.
  • the wireless network is dynamically perceived by periodically counting the transmission delay of the video frame.
  • the state changes, thereby dynamically adjusting the size of the playback buffer, finding the optimal playback delay to achieve a smoothing effect, thereby achieving a balance between the real-time and smoothness of the video stream. That is, under the premise of ensuring fluency, a relatively small playback delay is used in a case where the network state is good, and a relatively large playback delay is used in a case where the network state is poor.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a code rate smoothing method for real-time video transmission in a wireless network according to the present invention.
  • the transmission delay of the periodic statistical video frame when the transmission delay becomes small, indicating that the network condition is good, the playback buffer is shortened by fast forward to reduce the playback delay;
  • the playback buffer is adjusted by slow playback to prevent the video from being paused due to the buffering of the buffer. Since the size of the play buffer is determined by the difference between the amount of data written and read in the buffer area, the read speed is controllable, and fast forward or slow play can be performed. Therefore, the present invention adjusts the size of the play buffer by fast forward and slow play.
  • the speed of incoming and outgoing is determined by the combination of transmission delay variation, playback buffer depth, and timestamp information. This adjustment not only takes into account the factors of the transmission delay variation, but also considers the factors of the playback buffer depth: the larger the playback buffer, the closer the current cached data volume is to the maximum cache value, and the faster the need to fast forward to ensure the buffer area. There is enough space to accommodate subsequent data. Conversely, the smaller the playback buffer, the less the amount of data currently cached, and the slower it is needed to ensure that the buffer is not empty.
  • periodic statistical video frames are required. Transmission delay.
  • the following method may be used for each periodic statistics: weighting the transmission delay of each video frame in the most recent T time to obtain a statistical value of the transmission delay ja i D i
  • ⁇ ' 1, 2 , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ is the weighting factor, ⁇ is the number of incoming video frames in the most recent time ⁇ , and ⁇ is the size of the pre-set statistical time window.
  • other methods may also be used to count the transmission delay of the video frame, as long as it can reflect the change of the state of the wireless network.
  • the transmission delay of the most recent period statistics and the transmission delay A of the previous period statistics can be utilized. Si to estimate the state of the wireless network before the next cycle. Comparing the transmission delay of the most recent periodic statistics with the transmission delay S of the previous period, if the former is larger, it means that the transmission delay becomes larger and the network has a tendency to deteriorate, so it is necessary to dynamically increase the playback buffer; , indicating that the transmission delay becomes smaller and the network has a better tendency, so the play buffer is dynamically adjusted.
  • other methods may also be used to determine the change of the transmission delay. For example, the transmission delay of the first K periods is used for comparison judgment.
  • the playback buffer can be increased and decreased by small granular slowdown and fast forward.
  • the speed change is not felt, so, preferably, the fast forward and slow play speeds are maintained at 25% of the time-lapse playback speed.
  • the range of changes that is, the speed of the slow release r s is (0.75), and the speed of the fast forward is ( r l , ⁇ .25 r nonnal ), which is the speed of playing by time stamp.
  • it can also vary within a larger or smaller percentage range depending on the actual situation.
  • the slow release speed is (I - 0.25 pq slow ) r ni fast forward rate is (l + 0.25pq fast )r nonnai a
  • p is a factor reflecting the change in transmission delay, p ; q is reflected
  • the bi e r _ ma X is too large, causing the playback delay to be too large, which affects the real-time performance of the video playback. Too small will cause the cache effect to be inconspicuous, so it is necessary to set the bi e reasonably.
  • r _ ma X size 1 - bu ff er - leg, reflecting the fast buffering buffer buffer _max when fast forward
  • the factor is
  • the fast forward and slow play described above may be refined to adjust the play interval of two adjacent frames.
  • the playback interval of two adjacent frames is ⁇ ⁇ when playing according to the time stamp
  • the fast-forward and slow-release adjustments are performed, and for the 25% adjustment range, the amplitude of each frame adjustment is 0.25/ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the method of the invention is applicable to all video frames, and is especially suitable for I frames, which can solve the problem of video jamming caused by the transmission delay of the I frames, and improve the smoothness of video playback and the like.
  • the I frame smoothing of the video real-time transmission in the wireless network is taken as an example.
  • the communication device performs real-time video transmission to the communication device B, and performs processing at the receiving device B.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the communication device A packs and transmits the coded code stream, and each packet carries timestamp information of each frame.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of decoding and storage by the receiving device B according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the communication device starts receiving, initializes the play buffer, counts the transmission delay of each I frame, reorders the received packets, and decodes them.
  • the circular buffer can be used to store the decoded video frame.
  • the frame that has just been decoded is entered from the tail, and the pointer is tail.
  • the frame to be played is output from the head of the ring buffer, and the pointer is head; After decoding one frame, it is first determined whether the cache is full. If the tail pointer is unchanged, the frame cannot be stored. Otherwise, the frame is placed in the cache, and the pointer to the frame is set to tail.
  • T ts base controls the display time of subsequent frames.
  • the adjustment period of fast forward and slow release can be set, and the minimum is one video frame interval.
  • the adjustment period of the fast forward and slow release is set to T1
  • the transmission delay D is counted every T1 time
  • the transmission delay of the latest period is used to estimate the transmission delay D last of the previous period.
  • the state of the wireless network before the next cycle Recent statistics comparing transmission delay period) and a period of the transmission delay statistics si, if the former is larger, described I frame delay becomes large, tends to deteriorate the network, we need to transfer large dynamic playout buffer in response to Large fluctuations in the network; If the latter is larger, it indicates that the network has a better trend, so the playback buffer can be dynamically adjusted to minimize the playback delay.
  • the value of TI may be equal to T, may be greater than T, or may be less than T, and the specific value may be determined according to actual needs.
  • the play interval of each frame can be adjusted by adjusting the local time T local b when the first frame is displayed.
  • the timer interval (T2) setting should be smaller than the interval of the time stamps of two adjacent frames.
  • Query to display consume more CPU resources;
  • display the reference frame ie the first frame described in step (5)
  • the display of the reference frame can be re-set to reduce the accumulated error of the timing.
  • the transmission delay of the video frame can be periodically counted, and the change of the state of the wireless network is sensed according to the statistical result, thereby dynamically adjusting the size of the play buffer, and finding the optimal play delay to reach Smoothing effect, which realizes the balance between real-time and fluency of the video stream; in addition, a small-grain slow-motion or fast-forward mechanism can be used,
  • the speed is dynamically controlled by transmission delay variation, playback buffer depth and timestamp information, which can quickly adjust the playback buffer without affecting the video display effect.
  • the playback buffer cannot be dynamically adjusted.
  • the size may cause waste of the storage space of the device. In the present invention, the storage space of the device can be saved by reducing the play buffer in a timely manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法,该方法包括:周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延,当传输时延变小时,通过快进调小播放缓存,当传输时延变大时,通过慢放调大播放缓存,所述快进和所述慢放的速度由传输时延变化、播放缓存深度以及时间戳信息共同决定。应用本发明所述方法,能够实现视频流在实时性和流畅性之间的平衡。

Description

一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法 本申请要求于 2013 年 1 月 8 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310006416.X 、 发明名称为 "一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率 平滑方法" 的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申 请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域, 尤其涉及一种无线网络下视频实时 传输的码率平滑方法。 发明背景
目前对于视频会议等实时性要求较高的应用, 通常会采用接收到视 频帧后直接播放的方法。 该方法着重于实时性, 然而在无线网络中进行 视频传输时, 由于一些视频帧 (例如 I帧)较大, 瞬时码率可能会变成 平均码率的 2倍甚至更多, 突发数据大容易导致网络拥塞, 传输这些帧 所需的时间就相对很长, 导致视频帧传输时出现明显抖动, 在这种情况 下, 如果在接收端仍使用接收到视频帧就显示的方法, 就会出现视频定 时卡顿的现象, 严重影响了视频的流畅性, 影响主观视频感受。
为了克服无线信道变化等原因造成的不稳定性, 传统流媒体系统会 采用緩存帧的方法, 用一定的播放时延来换取视频的流畅性。 该方法使 用一个播放緩沖区来緩存接收到的媒体数据, 在播放流媒体时, 先将接 收到的媒体数据放到緩沖区中, 当緩沖区中的数据量到达一定阈值后开 始按照时间戳信息播放流媒体。 如果信道条件变差, 緩沖区发生了下溢 出, 那么就暂停播放, 等待緩沖区中的数据量到达指定的阈值后继续播 放。 显然, 如果緩存的数据较多, 这种方法可以有效减少客户端因为包 丟失、 包时延、 抖动等产生的播放中断。
但该方法无法统计网络传输时延状况, 不能对緩存大小进行动态调 节, 由于存入读出数据速率的不一致, 容易导致緩沖区变动较大, 会出 现緩存区存满或者播空的现象, 造成视频播放的不流畅。 即在传输时延 小网络状况好的时候, 无法调小緩沖区中的数据量, 导致引入不必要的 緩存时间, 从而在播放时产生相对较大的时延, 4艮难保证视频传输的实 时性; 在网络状况差的时候, 不能动态调大緩存区中的数据量, 容易导 致緩沖区播空,播放停顿, 影响用户体验, 4艮难保证视频传输的流畅性。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明提供了一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑 方法, 能够实现视频流在实时性和流畅性之间的平衡。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法, 该方法包括: 周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延, 当传输时延变小时, 通过快进调 小播放緩存, 当传输时延变大时, 通过慢放调大播放緩存, 所述快进和 所述慢放的速度由传输时延变化、 播放緩存深度以及时间戳信息共同决 定。
可见, 采用本发明所述方法, 可周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延, 并根据统计结果来感知无线网络状态的变化, 从而动态调节播放緩存的 大小, 找到最佳的播放时延来达到平滑效果, 进而实现了视频流在实时 性和流畅性之间的平衡。 附图简要说明
下面将通过参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例, 使本领域的 普通技术人员更清楚本发明的上述及其它特征和优点, 附图中: 图 1是本发明无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法的流程图; 图 2是本发明实施例的接收端设备 B进行解码存储的流程图。 实施本发明的方式
针对现有技术中存在的问题, 本发明提出了一种无线网络下视频实 时传输的码率平滑方法, 在播放緩存机制的基础上, 通过周期性统计视 频帧的传输时延来动态感知无线网络状态的变化, 从而动态调节播放緩 存的大小, 找到最佳的播放时延来达到平滑效果, 进而实现了视频流在 实时性和流畅性之间的平衡。 即在保证流畅性的前提下, 在网络状态较 好的情况下, 使用相对较小的播放时延, 而在网络状态较差的情况下, 使用相对较大的播放时延。
图 1是本发明无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法的流程图。 如图 1所示, 周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延, 当传输时延变小时, 说 明网络状况较好, 则通过快进调小播放緩存, 以减少播放时延; 当传输 时延变大时, 说明网络状况较差, 则通过慢放调大播放緩存, 以防止緩 存区播空造成视频停顿。 由于播放緩存的大小由写入和读出緩存区数据 量之差决定, 读出速度可控, 可以进行快进或慢放, 因此本发明通过快 进和慢放来调整播放緩存的大小, 快进和慢放的速度由传输时延变化、 播放緩存深度以及时间戳信息共同决定。 这样的调整不仅考虑到了传输 时延变化的因素, 同时还考虑到了播放緩存深度的因素:播放緩存越大, 说明当前緩存的数据量越接近最大緩存值, 越需要进行快进, 以保证緩 存区能够有足够的空间来容纳后续的数据; 反之, 播放緩存越小, 说明 当前緩存的数据量越少, 越需要进行慢放, 以保证緩沖区非空。
依据前述介绍可知, 本发明所述方法中, 需要周期性的统计视频帧 的传输时延。 优选的, 每次周期性统计时可以采用以下方法: 将最近 T 时间内每个视频帧的传输时延加权平均得到传输时延的统计值为 jaiDi
D = ^——, Α·为最近时间 T 内到来的每个视频帧的传输时延, Ν
ί^' = 1,2,·· ·,Λ 为权重因子, Ν 为最近时间 τ 内到来的视频帧的个数, Τ 为预先设置的统计时间窗口的大小。 当然, 在实际应用中, 也可以采用 其它方法来统计视频帧的传输时延, 只要能够反映出无线网络状态的变 化即可。
在每个周期统计出传输时延之后, 可以利用最近周期统计的传输时 延 与上一个周期统计的传输时延 A。si来估计下一个周期到来前的无 线网络状态。 比较最近周期统计的传输时延 和上一个周期统计的传 输时延 S 若前者较大, 说明传输时延变大, 网络有变坏的趋势, 故 需要动态调大播放緩存; 若后者较大, 说明传输时延变小, 网络有变好 的趋势, 故动态调小播放緩存。 当然, 也可以采用其它方法来判断传输 时延的变化情况, 例如, 采用前 K个周期统计的传输时延进行比较判断 等。
为了更好的满足主观视频感受, 可以通过小颗粒度的慢放和快进来 分别增大和减小播放緩存。 根据经验值, 人眼的视觉特性在 25%播放时 间间隔范围内变化时, 不会感觉出速度的变化, 所以, 优选的, 快进和 慢放的速度保持在按时间戳播放速度的 25%的范围内变化, 即慢放的速 度 rs 范围为(0.75 ),快进的速度 范围为( r l , \ .25 rnonnal ) , 为按时间戳播放的速度。 当然, 也可以根据实际情况在更大或更小 的百分比范围内变化。
在上述 25%的调整范围 内 , 进一步的, 慢放的速度为 (I - 0.25 pqslow )rni 快进的速度为 (l + 0.25pqfast )rnonnai a 其中, p 为反映传输时延变化的因子, p ; q为反映
Figure imgf000007_0001
播放緩存深度的因子, 考虑到播放緩存大小对快进慢放的影响, 反映慢 放时播放緩存深度的因子为 qslow = 1 - buffer―腿 ,反映快进时播放緩存深 buffer _max 度的因子为 q fast = buffer - numbuffer—薦 m为当前播放緩存的大小, buffer _ max bi er _ maX为预定的最大播放緩存的大小; buffer— max的设置需要综合考 虑帧率、 緩存时间、 存储空间等因素, bi er _ maX过大会导致播放时延 过大, 影响视频播放的实时性, 过小会导致緩存的效果不明显, 因而需 要合理设置 bi er _ maX的大小。
优选的, 上述快进和慢放可以细化到调整相邻两帧的播放间隔。 例 如, 按照时间戳播放时相邻两帧的播放间隔为 ΔΓβ , 则进行快进和慢放 调整时, 对于 25%的调整范围, 每帧调整的幅度为 0.25/^ΔΓβ。 本发明所述方法适应于所有的视频帧, 尤其适用于 I帧, 可解决由 于 I帧的传输时延造成的视频卡顿等问题,提高了视频播放的流畅性等。
下面结合附图, 通过具体实施例对本发明所述方法做进一步详细说 明。
本实施例以无线网络下视频实时传输的 I帧平滑为例, 该实施例中 通信设备 Α向通信设备 B进行实时视频传输, 在接收端设备 B处进行 处理, 具体过程为:
( 1 )通信设备 A对采集编码后的码流进行打包并发送, 每个包带 有每帧的时间戳信息。
( 2 )图 2是本发明实施例的接收端设备 B进行解码存储的流程图; , 如图 2所示, 通信设备 Β开始进行接收, 初始化播放緩存, 统计每个 I帧的传输时延 Α, 对接收到的包重排序, 再进行解码。
(3)可以用环形緩存来存储解码完的视频帧, 刚解码完需緩存的 帧从尾部进入, 指针为 tail, 待播放的帧从环形緩存的头部输出, 指针 为 head; 如图 2所示,一帧解码完后, 先判断緩存是否已满, 若满则 tail 指针不变, 该帧无法存入, 否则将该帧放入緩存, 设置指向该帧的指针 为 tail。
(4)设置大小为时间 T的统计时间窗口, 用于对最近 T时间内每
N
jaiDi 个 I 帧传输时延加权平均得到最近 T 时间内的传输时延 ) = ^——,
N
« '=1,2,..., )为权重因子。
(5)设置启动播放阈值, 当緩存的帧数首次到达该阈值时, 显示 开始, 同时记录第一帧显示时的本地时间 Tlocal base及第一帧的发送时间戳
Tts base, 以此为基准, 进行后面帧的显示时间的控制。
(6)快进慢放的调整周期可以设置, 最小为一个视频帧间隔。 本 实施例将快进慢放的调整周期设置为 T1, 则每隔 T1时间统计一次传输 时延 D, 用最近周期统计的传输时延 £) 与上一个周期统计的传输时延 Dlast来估计下一个周期到来前的无线网络的状态。 比较最近周期统计的 传输时延 ) 和上一个周期统计的传输时延 si, 若前者较大, 说明 I 帧时延变大, 网络有变坏的趋势, 故需要动态调大播放緩存, 以应对网 络中大的波动; 若后者较大, 说明网络有变好的趋势, 故可以动态调小 播放緩存, 以尽量降低播放时延。 其中, TI的取值可以等于 T, 也可以 大于 T, 还可以小于 T, 具体取值均可根据实际需要而定。
( 7 )每隔 T1时间进行一次快进慢放调整, 通过小颗粒度的慢放或 快进来增大或减小播放緩存, 慢放或快进的速度由 I帧传输时延变化、 播放緩存深度及时间戳信息共同决定。 本实施例中, 对于每个周期, 可 通过调整第一帧显示时的本地时间 Tlocal b 来调整每一帧的播放间隔。
( 8 )进行显示的判断。 在显示线程中设置一定时器, 定时查询显 示的时刻。
在每个定时周期计算: 当前时间与快进慢放调整后的第一帧显示时 的本地时间 Tlocal base 的差值 At,以及当前要显示 /播放的帧的发送时间戳 与第一帧的发送时间戳 Γβ ^的差值 Ats, 当 At >Ats时, 对要显示的帧进 行显示, 同时将緩存的要显示的帧的后一帧的指针设为 head。
例如: 对于当前要显示的帧, 当其位于' f曼放调整周期时, 其对应的 为 · + 0.25/?¾ · ΔΤ^, 当其位于快进调整周期 时, 其对应的 tese— 为: Tlocal T― e, - 25 pq fast · Tts 当该帧为 整个视频流的第二帧时, 即为步骤(5 ) 中所述的 7;。, , 否则, τ 为前 ■巾贞的 Γ 。
需要说明的是: 1 , 定时器的定时间隔 (T2 )设置需小于相邻两帧 的时间戳的间隔, 定时间隔设置越小, 显示时间精度越高, 但同时会在 更短时间内唤醒定时器进行查询以显示, 消耗更多的 CPU资源; 2, 显 示基准帧 (即步骤(5 ) 中所述的第一帧)是可变的, 在画面切换等情 况下, 当緩存为空后, 可以重新进行显示基准帧的设定, 以降低定时的 累积误差。
总之, 采用本发明所述方法, 可周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延, 并根据统计结果来感知无线网络状态的变化, 从而动态调节播放緩存的 大小, 找到最佳的播放时延来达到平滑效果, 进而实现了视频流在实时 性和流畅性之间的平衡; 另外, 可采用小颗粒度的慢放或快进机制, 其 速度由传输时延变化、 播放緩存深度及时间戳信息等动态控制, 能快速 调整播放緩存而不影响视频显示效果; 再有, 对于嵌入式系统, 按照现 有方法, 由于不能动态调整播放緩存的大小, 可能会造成设备存储空间 的浪费, 而本发明中, 通过适时调小播放緩存, 能够较好的节省设备的 存储空间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡 在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均 应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种无线网络下视频实时传输的码率平滑方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括:
周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延, 当传输时延变小时, 通过快进调 小播放緩存, 当传输时延变大时, 通过慢放调大播放緩存, 所述快进和 所述慢放的速度由传输时延变化、 播放緩存深度以及时间戳信息共同决 定。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述周期性的统计 视频帧的传输时延包括:
N
jaiDi
周期性的统计视频帧的传输时延 D: D = ^——;
N
其中, N为最近时间 T内到来的视频帧的个数, A为最近时间 T内 到来的每个视频帧的传输时延, ^ ' = 12, ,^ 为权重因子, τ为预先设置 的统计时间窗口的大小。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述当传输时延变 小时, 通过快进调小播放緩存, 当传输时延变大时, 通过慢放调大播放 緩存包括:
比较最近周期统计的传输时延和上一个周期统计的传输时延, 若上 一个周期统计的传输时延较大, 则确定传输时延变小, 通过快进调小播 放緩存; 否则, 确定传输时延变大, 通过慢放调大播放緩存。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述快进和所述慢放的速度在按时间戳播放速度的 25%的范围内变 化。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述慢放的速度为 rs = (l -0.25Ws )r„
所述快进的速度为 rfast = (ί + 0.25 pqfast )rnm 其 中 , 为 反 映 传 输 时 延 变 化 的 因 子
Figure imgf000012_0001
qslow为反映慢放时播放緩存深度的因子, qslow = C buffer _ max qfast为反映快进时播放緩存深度的因子, qfast =
buffer _ max
Dcurr为最近周期统计的传输时延, Dlast为上一个周期统计的传输时 延 ·> buffer nam为当前播放緩存的大小, buffer _― ma 为预定的最大播放緩 存的大小, rmmal为按时间戳播放的速度。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述快进和所述慢 放通过调整相邻两帧的播放间隔实现。
7、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 6中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述视 频帧为 I帧。
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CN112953922A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 西安电子科技大学 一种自适应流媒体控制方法、系统、计算机设备及应用
CN112953922B (zh) * 2021-02-03 2022-09-16 西安电子科技大学 一种自适应流媒体控制方法、系统、计算机设备及应用
CN115086779B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2024-04-16 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 视频传输系统
WO2023159911A1 (zh) * 2022-02-24 2023-08-31 广州市保伦电子有限公司 一种音视频互动低延迟传输方法及后台服务器

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