WO2014106539A1 - Procédé de formation de faisceau d'antenne adaptative destiné à une station de base sans-fil à fonction de liaison terrestre automatique intégrée avec canal dédié - Google Patents

Procédé de formation de faisceau d'antenne adaptative destiné à une station de base sans-fil à fonction de liaison terrestre automatique intégrée avec canal dédié Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014106539A1
WO2014106539A1 PCT/EP2013/050068 EP2013050068W WO2014106539A1 WO 2014106539 A1 WO2014106539 A1 WO 2014106539A1 EP 2013050068 W EP2013050068 W EP 2013050068W WO 2014106539 A1 WO2014106539 A1 WO 2014106539A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backhaul
antenna
wireless
base station
backhaul connection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/050068
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mats Hogberg
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/EP2013/050068 priority Critical patent/WO2014106539A1/fr
Publication of WO2014106539A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014106539A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/14—Backbone network devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless subscriber backhaul. More specifically, aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless base stations having an antenna configured for wireless subscriber and wireless backhaul communication and related methods for establishing and configuring such backhaul links.
  • Data communication networks include a network core and a network edge.
  • the network core typically includes a number of network nodes connected links extending between pairs of network nodes.
  • the links may be physical connections such as wire conductors and fiber optic cables or microwave radio links.
  • the network edge includes base transceiver stations (base stations) that communicate with network subscribers. Base stations function to tie network subscribers into the core network by aggregating network subscriber traffic into a backhaul link to a core network node, and vice versa. Network subscribers in turn connect to base stations either directly through a physical, wired connection, or wireless, using a radio-based connection.
  • Backhaul links may be either wired or wireless. Wired backhaul links are relatively stable and are less susceptible to interference from other wireless devices. Wireless backhaul links do not require a physical connection to a network node, and are therefore less costly to install and setup, but are susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Base stations equipped for wireless backhaul typically include an antenna for wireless subscriber traffic and a separate antenna for wireless backhaul communication.
  • the backhaul link antenna is a unidirectional antenna configured to direct RF energy in a single direction. This adds cost to the base station and makes base station installation more complex as the backhaul antenna must be oriented so as to have line of sight with the node on the other end of the radio link. This need in turn limits the locations in which the base station can be employed.
  • a base station having an antenna configured for wireless subscriber traffic and wireless backhaul communication there is a further need for a base station having a common subscriber and backhaul antenna capable of detecting a network node connection and configuring the antenna beam such that the wireless backhaul connection is established and maintained without interfering with wireless subscribers served by the antenna.
  • a method of self-backhauling includes searching for an available backhaul connection, detecting at least one available backhaul connection, electronically conforming a radiation pattern associated with an antenna to the detected backhaul connection, and establishing a backhaul using the conformed radiation pattern.
  • a base transceiver station (base stations) is described.
  • the station has an antenna operatively connected to a digital central unit.
  • the digital central unit is configured to wirelessly couple a plurality of wireless subscribers to the system using a first frequency and to backhaul the wireless subscriber communication using a second frequency.
  • the digital central unit also integrates communication from the wireless subscribers on the first frequency with wireless backhaul communication on the second frequency using a common antenna.
  • the base transceiver unit has a digital control unit with a processor and a memory operatively coupled to an antenna array unit.
  • the memory includes a non-transitory machine readable memory having instructions recorded thereon that, when read by the processor, cause the digital control unit to search for an available backhaul connection be electronically sweeping the antenna array across a first set of pre-coded vectors, detect at least one available backhaul connection by measuring an uplink pilot power, select an available backhaul connection, and send a connection request (such as a paging message) using the available backhaul connection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless backhaul connection
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a self-backhauling base station configured for adaptive beam forming and having a common wireless subscriber and wireless backhaul antenna;
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a self-backhauling base station configured for adaptive beam forming and having a dedicated wireless subscriber and wireless backhaul antennas;
  • FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a method of establishing a wireless backhaul connection
  • Fig. 6 is a process flow diagram for detecting an available backhaul connection
  • Fig. 7 is a process flow diagram for electronically conforming a radiation pattern a detected backhaul connection
  • Fig. 8 is a process flow diagram for establishing a backhaul connection using a portion of a conformed radiation pattern of an antenna array to a detected backhaul connection;
  • the term 'uplink' refers to communication originating from a base station and destined for a network node.
  • 'downlink' refers to communication originating from a network node and destined for a base station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary communications network 10.
  • Network 10 comprises a core network 12 connecting network subscribers to public data networks such as the network and/or public switched telephone networks.
  • the core network 12 couples to a voice communication network 14 through a connection 16.
  • Core network 12 also couples to a data network 18 such as the internet through a connection 20.
  • the illustrated network shows separate connections for voice and data communications, core networks having individual connections for both voice and data traffic are within scope the invention described herein.
  • Network 10 comprises a first backhaul node 22 and a second backhaul node 26.
  • backhaul means getting data to a point from which it can be distributed over a network.
  • First backhaul node 22 communicatively couples to the core network 12 through a wired connection 24.
  • Second backhaul node 26 communicatively couples to the core network 12 through a wired connection 28.
  • wired refers to a physical connection between network components such as an electrical conductor or fiber optic cable configured to pass data and/or voice communication traffic.
  • Network 10 further comprises a base station 30 configured for passing wireless data and/or voice communications traffic.
  • Base station 30 wirelessly couples to the second backhaul node 26 (and core network 12) through a wireless backhaul connection 32.
  • wireless refers" to a non-physical connection between network components to pass data and/voice communication traffic.
  • a non- limiting list of examples includes radio frequency, microwave, and infrared.
  • Network 10 passes voice and data traffic associated with at least one wireless network subscriber (34, 36, 42, 46).
  • First subscriber 34 and a second subscriber 36 access network 10 through base station 30 and backhaul node 26.
  • Third subscriber 42 and a fourth subscriber 46 access network 10 through backhaul node 22.
  • Wireless subscribers 34 and 36 access network 10 by wirelessly coupling to base station 30 through wireless connections 38 and 40.
  • Wireless subscribers 42 and 46 access network 10 by wirelessly coupling to backhaul node 22.
  • network 10 may provide network access to varying numbers of network subscribers, some or all the subscribers accessing the network through wired connections, and some or all the subscribers accessing the network through wireless connections.
  • the base station is a micro-base station operative to extend the geographic reach and/or wireless subscriber capacity of the network without the need for a emplacing a wired connection.
  • the base station is operative to extend the geographic reach and/or wireless subscriber capacity the network using a physical connection.
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • GSM global system for mobile communications systems
  • TD-SCDMA time division-synchronous code division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • WIMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access
  • W-CDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • Base station 30 comprises an antenna array unit 50, a radio-transceiver unit 52, and a digital central unit 54, the digital central unit having a processor 56 and a memory 58.
  • Processor 56 is communicatively connected to memory 58.
  • Processor 56 is also operatively coupled to the digital central unit 54.
  • the digital central unit 54 is operatively connected to the radio-transceiver unit 52 and antenna array unit 50 and configured to control the beam form of a signal received and transmitted by the antenna array unit 50.
  • the memory 58 is a non-transitory computer readable media such as a hard disk, CD-ROM, or flash memory, and has encoded thereon a set of instructions that, when read by the processor, cause the base station to perform certain actions.
  • the base station 30 may detect the presence of a node configured for wireless backhaul communication, thereby passing traffic destined for and/or originating from network subscribers connected to the base station.
  • the base station may also detect the presence of backhaul nodes by searching for wireless-capable backhaul node(s) within a wireless footprint of the antenna unit or by scanning across a wide antenna beam to connect to the node(s).
  • the base station configures the backhaul connection by optimizing a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) associated with one of the down link and uplink backhaul connection32. It does so by using a training sequence and pre-coded vectors stored within the base station memory and usable by the antenna array unit 50 to create antenna beams (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) with feedback information from one of or both backhaul node and base station.
  • the backhaul node may also use pre-coded antenna vectors stored on the backhaul node memory for antenna 60 to optimize the SINR of backhaul connection 38 associated with antenna beams patterns (82, 84, 86, 88, 90) for one or both of the uplink and downlink connections.
  • the base station may also be configured to control BB, power, sync, etc. of the wireless signal emanating from the antenna array unit 50.
  • the antenna unit 50 comprises a multiband antenna array.
  • the antenna may be a single band antenna or a multiband antenna.
  • the antenna may further be configured to use a first portion of the frequencies utilized by the base station is allocated to backhaul communication and a second portion of the frequencies utilized by the base station is allocated to wireless subscriber traffic.
  • the frequencies will be within same RF band for a single band antenna and for a multi band antenna the RF frequencies can be allocated in different RF frequency bands.
  • Node 26 comprises an antenna unit 60, a radio transceiver unit 62, and a digital central unit 64 having a processor 66 and a memory 68.
  • node 26 is a TDD node having a single radio and is configured to support both wireless subscriber traffic and wireless backhaul communication. In another embodiment, node 26 is an FDD node more than one radio and is configured to support both wireless subscriber traffic and wireless backhaul communication.
  • the processor 66 operatively couples to the digital central unit 64 and the memory 68.
  • the digital central unit 64 operatively couples to the radio filter unit 62 and the antenna unit 60.
  • the memory 68 is a non-transitory machine readable media, and in an embodiment, may further comprise set of instructions that when read by the processor 68 cause the backhaul node 26 to perform certain actions.
  • node 26 may to detect the presence of BTS 30 within wireless range, scan across or use a wide antenna beam to connect to BTS 30.
  • Node 26 may also use a training sequence to optimize antenna beam on the backhaul node side of wireless connection 32, and determine at least one of base power, SINR, and modulation settings associated with a received and/transmitted antenna beam.
  • the backhaul user equipment listens only.
  • the backhaul user equipment responds to the base station paging request.
  • Node 26 may also be configured to control BB, power, sync, etc. of the wireless signal emanating from the antenna unit 60.
  • the antenna might be a single band antenna or a multiband antenna.
  • the antenna may be configured to use a first portion of the frequencies utilized by the base station is allocated to backhaul communication and a second portion of the frequencies utilized by the base station is allocated to wireless subscriber traffic.
  • the frequencies will be within same RF band for a single band antenna and for a multi band antenna the RF frequencies can be allocated in different RF frequency bands.
  • Base station 30 is configured to self-backhaul.
  • self-backhauling means that the base station is configured to locate a network node within wireless range and/or establish a backhaul wireless connection with the node.
  • the base station self-backhauls using a first radio transceiver module for network subscribers and a second radio transceiver module for backhaul communication.
  • Base station 30 may provide network access to wireless subscribers (34, 38) using a radio configured to operate using a first frequency band, and wirelessly backhaul to the node 26 using second frequency band.
  • a radio combining unit (not shown) operatively connected the radios and the antenna unit combines and divides traffic based on traffic direction.
  • BTS 30 self-backhauls using the same radio access module for its serviced network subscriber traffic as the BTS 30 uses for backhaul traffic.
  • base station30 comprises a radio access module (not shown) operatively coupled to the digital central unit 54.
  • the module is configured to provide wireless subscriber access and wireless backhaul using LTE system architecture and frequency-division duplexing (FDD), the BTS radio module operative to transmit and receive using different carrier frequencies.
  • FDD frequency-division duplexing
  • the wireless subscribers and the wireless backhaul connection share equipment for subscriber traffic and backhaul traffic.
  • Shared equipment may include the base station antenna array unit, the base station radio -transceiver, the base station BB, and the base station traffic hardware/software.
  • the embodiment has a relatively simple configuration, low cost, and a smaller number of modules (i.e. boxes) for emplacement at the base station emplacement location.
  • base station 30 comprises a radio access module configured to provide both wireless subscriber access and wireless backhaul using LTE system architecture and time-division duplexing (TDD), the base station radio module operative to transmit and receive at different times.
  • LTE TDD time-division duplexing
  • the wireless subscribers and the wireless backhaul connection share equipment for subscriber traffic and backhaul traffic.
  • Shared equipment may include the base station antenna array, the base station radio, the base station BB, and base station traffic hardware/software.
  • the embodiment has a relatively simple configuration, low cost, and a smaller number of modules (i.e. boxes) for emplacement at the base station emplacement location.
  • base station 30 comprises a radio access module configured to provide wireless subscriber access using LTE system architecture applying FDD subscriber communication, and wireless backhaul using LTE system architecture applying TDD to backhaul communication.
  • a common BTS antenna can be used for wireless backhaul and for the wireless subscribers.
  • base station 30 comprises a radio access module configured to provide wireless subscriber access using the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and wireless backhaul using LTE system architecture and TDD.
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • a common base station antenna can be used for wireless backhaul and for the wireless subscribers.
  • base station 30 comprises a radio access module configured to provide both wireless subscriber access using LTE system architecture and FDD or LTD system architecture and TDD, and wireless backhaul using WiFi.
  • a common BTS antenna can be used for wireless backhaul and for the wireless subscribers.
  • base station 30 comprises a radio access module configured to provide both wireless subscriber access using WiFi and wireless backhaul also using WiFi.
  • a common base station antenna can be used for wireless backhaul and for the wireless subscribers.
  • base station 30 is configured to generate a radiation pattern defining a plurality of lobes (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) across a coverage angle 80. At least one of the generated lobes 70 wirelessly connects base station 30 to node 26 for wireless backhaul.
  • the lobes define a set of pre-coding vectors 1 - N selectable by the digital control unit of the BTS 30.
  • the wireless subscribers traffic can have 1 -N lobes using a first frequency channel
  • the wireless backhaul communication can have 1 -N lobes using a second frequency channel.
  • the second frequency will be substantially orthogonal to the first frequency.
  • Node 26 is similarly configured to generate a radiation pattern defining a plurality of lobes (82, 84, 86, 88, 90) across a coverage angle 92.
  • the lobes define a set of pre-coding vectors 1-M selectable by the digital control unit of the node 26.
  • At least one lobe of the generated lobes 84 wirelessly connects base station 30 to node 26 for wireless backhaul.
  • base station 30 selects the antenna lobe 70 oriented toward the node 26, and establishes the wireless backhaul connection 32 using the at least one antenna lobe 70 and corresponding at least one antenna lobe 84 for wireless backhaul connectivity.
  • the selected antenna lobes (70, 82) provide a less-obstructed wireless backhaul path having greater quality and/or providing greater bandwidth by self-optimizing at least one backhaul link using multipurpose equipment to support wireless subscriber traffic and wireless backhaul traffic.
  • the base station can establish and/or configure more than one wireless backhaul link.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a self-backhauling base station 130 operative to cover wireless subscribers and wirelessly backhaul using adaptive beam forming, an integrated antenna and frequency division duplexing.
  • Base station 130 comprises a single antenna unit 150, the antenna unit further comprising an antenna array 152.
  • Antenna unit 150 is an integrated antenna unit, meaning that the single antenna is configured to define a first radiation pattern 154 using at least a first frequency and covering an area having wireless subscribers (132, 134).
  • First radiation pattern 154 is shown in the figure in broken lines.
  • Antenna unit 150 is configured to define a second radiation pattern 156 using at least a second frequency and forming at least a backhaul lobe 156 (shown in solid lines).
  • Base station 130 is configured to selectively orient the lobe 156 such that radiation emanating to and from antenna unit aligns itself to a selected vector.
  • base station 130 detects the presence of a wireless-capable backhaul node 126, conforms a radiation pattern emanating from the antenna unit 150 such that an antenna lobe of radiation is oriented in a direction (along a selected vector) toward the detected backhaul node.
  • Lobe 156 thereby defines a portion of the wireless backhaul connection over which subscribers 132 and 134 pass data and/or voice communication traffic.
  • backhaul node 126 correspondingly conforms a lobe 162 of a radiation pattern emanating from an antenna unit 160 such that the lobe of radiation is oriented in a direction (also along a selected vector) toward base station 130.
  • adaptive beam forming may also be used to define wireless subscriber lobes appropriate for a distribution of wireless subscribers within the covered area of base station 130.
  • base station 130 is configured to adapt (beam form) a first portion of electromagnetic radiation emitted from antenna array 152 to 'cover' wireless subscribers (132, 134) using a first frequency.
  • the first radiation portion is shown using broken lines extending from antenna array 152.
  • Base station 130 is further configured to adapt (beam form) a second portion of electromagnetic radiation emitted by antenna array 152 toward backhaul node 126 using a second frequency.
  • the second radiation portion is shown using solid lines extending from antenna array 152 toward backhaul node 126.
  • the backhaul node is further configured to adapt (beam form) electromagnetic radiation emitted from antenna array unit 160.
  • embodiments of base station 130 communicate with wireless subscribers and wireless backhaul subscriber traffic using a common antenna, thereby reducing hardware and software associated with the base station.
  • the base station uses frequency division duplexing to communicate with wireless subscribers and the backhaul node using a common antenna array unit.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary wireless backhaul connection between a backhaul node 226 and a base station 230.
  • backhaul node 226 and base station 230 differ from the above -described embodiment in that their respective antennas, digital control units, and radio -transceiver units are configured for communication using time division duplexing. This means that, once a synchronization operation has been done between the base station and backhaul node, the base station and backhaul nodes take turns transmitting and receiving using at least one shared frequency.
  • this is illustrated in the figure through illustration of an antenna lobe emanating from the base station extending toward (and nearly touching) the backhaul node while a corresponding antenna lobe emanating from the backhaul node is terminates some distance from the base station - the figure thereby illustrating the base station in the midst of its 'transmitting' turn and the backhaul node in the midst of its 'receiving' turn.
  • the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the base station and/or backhaul node is adapted (beam formed) using an antenna training method in view of at least one signal parameter.
  • Fig. 5 shows a method of self-backhauling 100.
  • the method comprises searching 110 for a backhaul connection; detecting 120 an available backhaul connection; electronically adapting a radiation pattern associated with an antenna to the detected backhaul connection; and establishing a backhaul connection using at least a portion of the conformed radiation pattern.
  • base station is configured to electromagnetically manipulate a radiation pattern associated the base station antenna using adaptive antenna beam forming for in-channel backhauling.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of method 100 wherein searching 110 further comprises electronically sweeping 112 the antenna across a plurality of pre-coded vectors, such as a set of pre- coding vectors 1-N defined in the base station memory.
  • Searching 110 may further comprise searching 116 for an uplink associated with a backhaul node directed along at least one of the swept vectors.
  • Searching 110 may also comprise measuring and/or determining a power associated with the uplink.
  • Searching 110 may also comprise selecting 118 at least one available backhaul connection.
  • base station 30 searches for an available backhaul connection by sweeping a pattern of radiation defined by the base station antenna unit along a plurality of pre-coding vectors 1 - N. Base station 30 may then select a backhaul connection based on measured uplink pilot power.
  • both the base station and the backhaul node use the above-described adaptive antenna processing to establish and/or configure the backhaul connection (link).
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of method 100 wherein electronically conforming 130 the radiation pattern associated with the antenna unit further comprises defining 132 an antenna lobe oriented along the detected backhaul connection; sending 134 a connection request along the backhaul connection; sending 136 an uplink along the detected backhaul connection; and iteratively adjusting 138 the antenna lobe orientation along a vector based on at least one measured parameter associated with the backhaul connection.
  • parameters include signal power, SINR, interference, etc.
  • the parameters include a change in the backhaul connection signal initiated by the backhaul node.
  • Selecting 118 a backhaul connection 120 may further comprise selecting a single detected backhaul connection by forming an uplink using one of an integrated antenna array or a dedicated antenna array of the base station 30. The formed beam is configured to direct radiation in the direction of the detected connection node.
  • selecting 118 the available backhaul may further comprise selecting a plurality of available backhaul connections.
  • selecting 1 18 the available backhaul may comprise selecting at least one from amongst a plurality of backhaul connections based on a parameter associated with the backhaul connection - such as signal strength, noise, interference, proximity to signal(s) associated with wireless subscribers served by the base station.
  • Selecting 118 the available backhaul connection may further comprise sending 122 a connection request along the backhaul connection to the originating backhaul node.
  • selecting base station 30 selects the best from a plurality of available backhaul connections by sending a connection request and downlink pilot along a detected backhaul connection to a backhaul node comprising backhaul user equipment.
  • Method 100 may further comprise dividing a radio-frequency spectrum allocated to the base station into a first portion used for communicating with wireless subscribers and a second portion used for wireless backhaul communication with a backhaul node.
  • Dividing the radio frequency ordinarily allocated for wireless subscribers into a first portion dedicated to wireless subscribers and a second portion dedicated to wireless backhaul has the technical effect of providing backhaul connectivity without and leaving spectrum for other spectrum users. Interference to (and from) the backhaul link is reduced by configuring the radiation pattern into backhaul lobes, and spectrum allocated to wireless traffic can be efficiently used.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of method 100 wherein establishing 140 the backhaul connection further comprises electronically sweeping 142 an antenna array unit of the backhaul node across a plurality of vectors, detecting 144 a downlink pilot associated with at least one swept vector, measuring 146 power associated with the detected downlink power, defining 148 an antenna lobe defined by the antenna array radiation pattern along the vector associated with the downlink pilot, and iterative ly adjusting 149 the antenna lobe orientation based on a parameter associated with backhaul connection.
  • the beam is configured to direct at least a portion of the radiation emanating from the backhaul antenna unit toward the base station, and in an embodiment, a majority of the radiation associated with the backhaul connection.
  • Establishing 140 the backhaul connection may further comprise responding to a connection issued by the base station over the backhaul connection.
  • conditioning comprises sweeping the beam across a set of pre- coding vectors 1 - M.
  • Establishing the connection may also comprise measuring and/or determining a downlink power associated with base station 30 along at least one of the swept vectors.
  • backhaul node sweeps antenna pre -coding vectors 1 - M and selects a pre- coding vector to maximize the received downlink pilot power.
  • the backhaul node establishes the connection by measuring backhaul uplink pilot power associated with at least one vector. Establishing the link may also comprise sweeping the formed lobe over a second set of pre-coded vectors having a narrower range than vectors 1-M.
  • Method 100 has the technical effect of providing wireless backhaul as an alternative to fixed backhaul (e.g. copper wire with xDSL, Ethernet, optical, GPON or P2P fiber) for base transceiver stations.
  • Embodiments of method 100 include but are not limited to wireless self- backhauling using WiFi, microwave links, TDD, and FDD with external equipment or integrated equipment.
  • Embodiments of method 100 implemented with external equipment may further comprise a modem, R/F microwave, and antenna operatively coupled to the digital control unit of the base station.
  • Embodiments of method 100 have the technical effect of providing self-optimized radio links defining a wireless backhaul connection between a base transceiver unit and a backhaul node.
  • Embodiments of method 100 define antenna lobes on at least one of the base station antenna side and the backhaul node antenna sides that direct radiation carrying backhaul communication traffic into (and from) a network and wireless subscribers services by the base station.
  • Exemplary embodiments of method 100 may use other techniques to improve backhaul connection quality and/or bandwidth (capacity) including higher order modulation and/or multiple input multiple output (MEVIO).
  • embodiments of the systems and methods of adaptive beam forming disclosed herein have the technical effect providing flexible site solutions and 'plug and play' backhaul configuration components. Such wireless backhaul links can be readily dialed-in or optimized without manual configuration or careful site selection.
  • a base station broadcasts an uplink pilot to an audience of available backhaul nodes and establishes a backhaul connection based on backhaul responses.
  • the method comprises (i) transmitting, from a base station, at least one of a synchronization cannel (SCH), a broadcast channel (BCH), and a reference signal (RS) on pre-defined antenna vectors 1 - N; (ii) (a) detecting, at a backhaul node, at least one of transmitted the SCH, BCH, and RS; (b) obtaining system information associated with the base station; and (c) measuring a signal strength associated with the RS; (iii) (a) selecting, using the backhaul node, a base station with which to establish a backhaul connection, and (b) sending, using the backhaul node, a random access channel (PRACH) to the base station; (iv) storing, using the
  • the transmitting (i) operation further comprises transmitting the at least one of an SCH, a BCH, and an RS from each of a plurality of base stations
  • the selecting a base station further comprises selecting from amongst the plurality of base stations a base station having a better connection.
  • the storing (iv) operation further comprises (a) storing a plurality of available base station and pre-coded antenna combinations at the base station, and (b) selecting the best backhaul node or plurality of backhaul nodes with which to establish a backhaul connection.
  • establishing (v) a backhaul connection may further comprise optimizing an uplink radio link associated with the backhaul connection.
  • such methods have the technical effect of optimizing the uplink between the base station and the backhaul node.
  • establishing (v) a backhaul connection further comprises (a) transmitting, from the base station, feedback to the backhaul node including a desired pre-coded antenna vector for the downlink between the backhaul node and base station; and (b) altering (setting), using the backhaul node, the antenna vector associated with the downlink to the base station to the desired antenna vector.
  • These operations may be iteratively repeated until such time that the base station deems the downlink sufficient and no longer sends feedback to the backhaul node for an antenna vector change.
  • methods incorporating these operations have the technical effect of optimizing the downlink between the backhaul node and the base station.
  • a backhaul node broadcasts a downlink pilot to an audience of base stations and establishes a backhaul connection based on a base station response.
  • the method comprises (i) receiving, at a base station, a backhaul node downlink pilot on at least one of a plurality of pre-coded antenna vectors 1 - N; (ii) transmitting, from the base station, a connection request from the base station to the backhaul node; (iii) connecting the backhaul node to the base station; and (iv) establishing a backhaul node to base station uplink radio link.
  • the receiving (i) further comprises (a) receiving, at the base station, a plurality of backhaul downlink pilots associated with different backhaul nodes; and (b) selecting from amongst the plurality of backhaul nodes a backhaul node to connect with base on a power measurement associated with the downlink pilot.
  • establishing (iv) a backhaul connection further comprises (a) transmitting, from the backhaul node, feedback to the base station including a desired pre-coded antenna vector for the uplink between the base station and backhaul node; and (b) altering (setting), using the base station, an antenna vector associated with the uplink from the base station to the backhaul node to the desired antenna vector.
  • These operations may be iteratively repeated until such time that the backhaul node deems the uplink of sufficient quality or having adequate stability to pass data and no longer sends feedback to the base station for an antenna vector change.
  • methods incorporating these operations have the technical effect of optimizing the uplink between the base station and the backhaul node.
  • a single base station may establish wireless backhaul connections with more than one backhaul node using the above-described self-backhauling method.
  • a single backhaul node may wirelessly backhaul more than one wireless base station.
  • multiple connections provide redundancy to the backhauled wireless base stations and increased data traffic capacity. Networks incorporating such redundant or additional connections are more robust and reliable than would otherwise be the case.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une station de base sans-fil à fonction de liaison terrestre automatique ainsi qu'un procédé permettant à un abonné sans-fil d'accéder à un réseau et de transmettre par liaison terrestre sans-fil le trafic de l'abonné sans-fil. La station de base ou le nœud terrestre établissent la liaison terrestre sans-fil en cherchant une connexion terrestre ou une connexion BTS et en adaptant les motifs de rayonnement associés à l'antenne d'une ou plusieurs stations de base ou d'un ou plusieurs nœuds terrestres afin d'établir les connexions terrestres. La formation du faisceau consiste à définir un motif de rayonnement doté d'un lobe orienté vers la source de la connexion terrestre détectée en cherchant un vecteur parmi une plage de vecteurs incluant un vecteur orienté vers un nœud terrestre.
PCT/EP2013/050068 2013-01-03 2013-01-03 Procédé de formation de faisceau d'antenne adaptative destiné à une station de base sans-fil à fonction de liaison terrestre automatique intégrée avec canal dédié WO2014106539A1 (fr)

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GB2539734A (en) * 2015-06-25 2016-12-28 Airspan Networks Inc An antenna apparatus and method of performing spatial nulling within the antenna apparatus
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WO2016023210A1 (fr) * 2014-08-14 2016-02-18 华为技术有限公司 Appareil et procédé de distribution de ressource de retour
US10667145B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-05-26 Airspan Networks Inc. Bearing calculation
US9924385B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-03-20 Airspan Networks Inc. Antenna apparatus and method of configuring a transmission beam for the antenna apparatus
US10306485B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2019-05-28 Airspan Networks Inc. Configurable antenna and method of operating such a configurable antenna
US9973943B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-05-15 Airspan Networks Inc. Wireless network configuration using path loss determination between nodes
US10257733B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2019-04-09 Airspan Networks Inc. Managing external interference in a wireless network
US10070325B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-09-04 Airspan Networks Inc. Sub-sampling antenna elements
US10098018B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-10-09 Airspan Networks Inc. Configurable antenna and method of operating such a configurable antenna
US10834614B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-11-10 Airspan Networks Inc. Quality of service in wireless backhauls
GB2539734A (en) * 2015-06-25 2016-12-28 Airspan Networks Inc An antenna apparatus and method of performing spatial nulling within the antenna apparatus
US10231139B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2019-03-12 Airspan Networks Inc. Node role assignment in networks
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US9706419B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2017-07-11 Airspan Networks Inc. Antenna apparatus and method of performing spatial nulling within the antenna apparatus
EP3324669A4 (fr) * 2015-07-16 2018-06-27 SK Telecom Co., Ltd Procédé de communication sans fil utilisant une formation de faisceau hybride, et appareil associé
TWI644530B (zh) * 2016-12-13 2018-12-11 華碩電腦股份有限公司 無線通訊系統中用於波束管理的方法和設備
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GB2564768A (en) * 2017-07-20 2019-01-23 Airspan Networks Inc Access node configuration in a network
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GB2568798A (en) * 2017-10-12 2019-05-29 Airspan Networks Inc An apparatus and method for providing network configurability in a wireless network
US10708854B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2020-07-07 Airspan Networks Inc. Apparatus and method for providing network configurability in a wireless network
GB2568798B (en) * 2017-10-12 2020-07-29 Airspan Networks Inc An apparatus and method for providing network configurability in a wireless network
US11102785B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2021-08-24 Airspan Ip Holdco Llc Apparatus and method selecting a base station in a network
US10616824B2 (en) 2017-11-03 2020-04-07 Airspan Networks Inc. Apparatus and method for providing network configurability in a wireless network

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