WO2014101710A1 - 罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统 - Google Patents

罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统 Download PDF

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WO2014101710A1
WO2014101710A1 PCT/CN2013/089963 CN2013089963W WO2014101710A1 WO 2014101710 A1 WO2014101710 A1 WO 2014101710A1 CN 2013089963 W CN2013089963 W CN 2013089963W WO 2014101710 A1 WO2014101710 A1 WO 2014101710A1
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heat exchanger
steam
pipe
water
tank
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PCT/CN2013/089963
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘永启
王佐峰
王佐任
刘瑞祥
郑斌
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山东理工大学
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Publication of WO2014101710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101710A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/04—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot slag, hot residues, or heated blocks, e.g. iron blocks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the high-temperature calcination of the can calciner utilizes the steam-water circulation system, which belongs to the technical field of waste heat utilization of solid high-temperature materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature calcined coke waste heat utilization system of a petroleum coke-type calciner.
  • the petroleum coke is calcined at a high temperature (about 1350 ° C) to remove its volatile matter, and is completely charred to form a calcined coke.
  • Calcined coke is widely used in the production of aluminum electrolytic anodes, graphite electrodes for steelmaking, carbon reductants, industrial silicon and other carbon products, and is an important basic raw material.
  • China's calcined coke production is the world's first. In 2010, the total output was 10.32 million tons. In 2011, the total output was about 12 million tons, of which more than 2/3 were produced by tank calciner.
  • the tank calcination process has two kinds of waste heat available: high temperature flue gas waste heat and high temperature calcined post coke waste heat.
  • the high-temperature flue gas waste heat utilization technology has been relatively mature, and many enterprises in China have been promoted and applied, and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.
  • the calcined coke temperature at the outlet of the tank calciner is above 1000 °C.
  • the residual heat carried by it accounts for about 33.5% of the total calcination process, which has high utilization value; on the other hand, high temperature calcined coke Sealed and evenly cooled before discharge, to avoid oxidative combustion reaction during discharge.
  • most enterprises use traditional water-cooled jackets to cool the high-temperature calcined coke, relying on a large amount of circulating water to carry away the heat, and then return to the water-cooled jacket for recycling after cooling by cold water.
  • the disadvantages of this cooling method are: (1) the residual heat of the high-temperature calcined coke is not utilized, and also consumes a large amount of water resources; (2) the material is not uniformly cooled, and the temperature of some materials located at the center of the water-cooled jacket channel is high, and the discharge is high.
  • the calcination yield is lowered; and the calcined ash content is increased and the quality is decreased. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively solve the problem of coke waste heat utilization and uniform cooling after high temperature calcination.
  • calcining furnace high temperature material cooling and waste heat recovery system (application number: 201010613254.2), a heat exchanger consisting of internal and external heat exchangers is arranged under each calcination tank, inside and outside The heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum through the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe; the water in the steam drum relies on natural circulation, enters the inner and outer heat exchangers respectively through the water supply main pipe, and absorbs the high temperature calcined back coke in the inner and outer heat exchangers. The waste heat evaporates to form a steam-water mixture.
  • the steam-water mixture of the inner and outer heat exchangers is collected in the two return water mains respectively, enters the steam drum, and separates water and steam in the steam drum to form steam.
  • each tank-type calciner in the third phase of Weifang Lianxing Carbon Co., Ltd. has 60 calcination tanks (divided into two rows, 30 per row). Tank), the length of the furnace is 38 meters.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a steam-water circulation system for high-temperature calcination and coke waste heat utilization of a tank-type calciner matched with a tank-type calcination process, a short steam-water circulation distance, and stable operation.
  • the high-temperature calcination of the can calciner uses the steam-water circulation system, including the steam collecting bag, the descending pipe, the rising pipeline, the heat exchanger and the steam collection and repair switch.
  • the upper part of the steam collecting bag is connected with the steam output pipe
  • the middle part of the steam collecting bag is connected with the water supply pipe
  • the lower part of the steam collecting bag is connected with the descending pipe
  • the descending pipe is connected with a plurality of exchanges composed of the outer heat exchanger and the inner heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger are connected to the steam collecting package via the ascending pipeline to form a water circulation system, wherein the steam collecting package is arranged in the middle of the tank calcining furnace, and all the heat exchangers are taken from the middle of the tank calcining furnace.
  • the length direction of the body is divided into two groups on both sides to form two sub-steam water circulation systems; each sub-steam water circulation system is provided with a descending main pipe, an inner heat exchanger rising main pipe and an outer heat exchanger rising main pipe; each sub-steam water
  • the heat exchanger of the circulation system is connected in parallel between the descending manifold, the inner heat exchanger riser and the outer heat exchanger riser.
  • the water in the steam collecting bag enters the descending main pipes of the two steam-distributing water circulation systems respectively, and then enters the internal heat exchangers and the outer heat exchangers of all the heat exchangers, respectively, and is heated in the inner heat exchanger and the outer heat exchanger.
  • the steam collecting and unloading switching pipeline includes a cooling pool, a water pump, a water supply pipe, a return pipe and a third gate valve, and two inner heat exchanger risers and two outer heat exchangers at one end of the return pipe and the second gate valve
  • the rising main pipe is connected, and the other end is connected to the cool water pool.
  • One end of the water supply pipe is connected with the two descending main pipes below the second gate valve, and the other end is connected with the water pump, and the water pump is connected to the cool water pool;
  • a third gate valve is installed in both the water supply pipe and the return pipe.
  • the descending main pipe is divided into a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the inner heat exchanger inlet pipe and the outer heat exchanger inlet pipe are connected with the horizontal section of the descending manifold.
  • the inner heat exchanger rising main pipe and the outer heat exchanger rising main pipe are divided into two parts: a vertical section and a slanting section, and the inclined section is inclined upward in the flow direction, and the inner heat exchanger outlet pipe and the inner heat exchanger rise.
  • the inclined section of the main pipe is connected, and the outer heat exchanger outlet pipe is connected with the inclined section of the outer heat exchanger rising main pipe.
  • the inclined section is arranged obliquely upward along the flow direction, which is favorable for the flow of the steam-water mixture and avoids the occurrence of the air resistance phenomenon.
  • the outer heat exchanger of the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger body, an annular upper header, an annular lower header, an upper flange and a lower flange, and the annular upper header and the annular lower header are respectively installed in the heat exchanger
  • the lower flange is installed at the lower end of the annular lower header
  • the upper flange is installed at the upper end of the annular upper header
  • the upper flange is composed of two symmetric flange plates, and the two flange plates pass through the following connection
  • the plates are joined together with a gap between the two flange plates, filled with heat-resistant material.
  • the heat resistant material in the gap between the adjacent two flange plates is a heat resistant ceramic fiber.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the steam-water circulation system is divided into two steam-water circulation systems, which effectively shortens the distance of the steam-water circulation, reduces the flow resistance, and reduces the uneven distribution of the flow distribution of each heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger
  • the heat exchangers are respectively provided with rising risers, which eliminates the influence of large difference in internal flow between the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger;
  • the two rising main pipes connected to the heat exchanger are arranged obliquely upward along the flow direction, which is beneficial to the flow of the steam-water mixture and avoids the occurrence of gas resistance. Therefore, the operational reliability of the steam-water circulation system is improved;
  • the upper flange of the outer heat exchanger of the heat exchanger is composed of two symmetrical flange plates.
  • the two flange plates are connected together by the lower connecting plates, and there are gaps between the two flange plates. It can effectively compensate the deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the upper flange larger than the thermal expansion of the upper casing, reduce the stress between the weld between the upper flange and the upper ring and the weld of the ring on the ring, and improve the reliability of the heat exchanger. Sex.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of the steam-water circulation system of the coke calciner after high-temperature calcination.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchanger in a steam-water circulation system of the can calciner after high-temperature calcination.
  • Figure 1 ⁇ 2 is a preferred embodiment of the soda calciner after high temperature calcination coke waste heat utilization steam water circulation system. The following is a description of the high temperature calcined coke waste heat utilization steam water circulation system of the tank type calciner. .
  • Tank calciner high temperature calcination coke waste heat utilization steam water circulation system including steam collector 14, water supply pipeline 18, descending pipeline, rising pipeline, heat exchanger 1 and steam collection and repair switching pipeline .
  • the steam collecting bag 14 is provided with a liquid level gauge 13, a safety valve 15 and a pressure gauge 17; the upper part of the steam collecting bag 14 is in communication with the steam output pipe 16, and the steam formed in the steam collecting bag 14 is externally transported through the steam output pipe 16.
  • the middle portion of the steam collecting bag 14 is in communication with the water supply pipe 18.
  • a heat exchanger 1 is disposed under each calcination tank of the tank calciner, and all of the heat exchangers 1 are composed of an outer heat exchanger and an inner heat exchanger.
  • the descending manifold 6 of the descending pipeline is provided with a second gate valve 12, and the inner heat exchanger inlet pipe 4 and the outer heat exchanger inlet pipe 5 are respectively provided with a shut-off valve 3 and communicate with the descending manifold 6 respectively.
  • the shut-off valve 3 is used to regulate the water flow rate of the outer heat exchanger and the inner heat exchanger, and also facilitates the replacement of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the ascending pipeline is divided into an inner heat exchanger ascending pipeline and an outer heat exchanger ascending pipeline.
  • the inner heat exchanger outlet pipe 7 communicates with the inner heat exchanger riser pipe 11; the outer heat exchanger outlet pipe 9 communicates with the outer heat exchanger riser pipe 10; the inner heat exchanger outlet pipe 7 and the outer heat exchanger outlet pipe 9
  • the first gate valve 8 is respectively provided, and the second heat exchanger riser pipe 11 and the outer heat exchanger riser pipe 10 are respectively provided with a second gate valve 12.
  • the steam collecting and unloading switching pipeline includes a cooling pool 25, a water pump 24, a water supply pipe 21, a return pipe 19, and a third gate valve 20.
  • the steam collecting package 14 is arranged in the middle of the tank-type calcining furnace, and all the heat exchangers 1 are divided into two groups from the middle of the tank-type calcining furnace along the length direction of the furnace body to form two steam-distributing water circulation systems;
  • the circulation system is provided with a descending main pipe 6, an inner heat exchanger rising main pipe 11 and an outer heat exchanger rising main pipe 10; the heat exchanger of each steam distribution water circulation system is connected in parallel to the descending main pipe 6, the inner heat exchanger rising main pipe 11 and The outer heat exchanger rises between the manifolds 10;
  • the water supply pipe 21 of the steam collecting and unloading switching pipeline communicates with the two descending manifolds 6 below the second gate valve 12, and the two internal heat exchangers below the returning water pipe 19 and the second gate valve 12
  • the riser header 11 and the two outer heat exchanger risers 10 are in communication.
  • the number of heat exchangers 1 can be adjusted according to actual working conditions and requirements in practical applications to meet the working conditions of the entire system.
  • the descending manifold 6 is divided into a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the inner heat exchanger inlet pipe 4 and the outer heat exchanger inlet pipe 5 are both connected to the horizontal section of the descending manifold 6.
  • the inner heat exchanger riser pipe 11 and the outer heat exchanger riser pipe 10 are divided into two parts: a vertical section and an inclined section, the inclined sections are arranged obliquely upward along the flow direction, and the inner heat exchanger outlet pipe 7 is internally and heat exchanged.
  • the inclined section of the riser header 11 is in communication, and the outer heat exchanger outlet pipe 9 is in communication with the inclined section of the outer heat exchanger riser 10.
  • the outer heat exchanger of the heat exchanger 1 comprises a heat exchanger body 2, an annular upper header 22, an annular lower header 23, an upper flange 26 and a lower flange 27, an annular upper header 22 and a ring.
  • the lower headers 23 are respectively installed at the two ends of the heat exchanger body 2, the lower flange 27 is installed at the lower end of the annular lower header 23, the upper flange 26 is mounted at the upper end of the annular upper header 22, and the upper flange 26 is composed of two symmetrical
  • the flange plates are combined, and the two flange plates are connected together by the lower connecting plate 28, and a gap is left between the two flange plates, and the heat-resistant material 29 is filled in the gap, and the heat-resistant material 29 can be heat-resistant.
  • Refractory material such as ceramic fiber or asbestos.
  • the working process is as follows: when the hot calcination of the tank calciner is used, the shutoff valve 3, the first gate valve 8 and the second gate valve 12 are in an open state, and the third gate valve 20 is in a closed state.
  • the water in the steam collecting jacket 14 enters the descending manifolds 6 of the two steam-distributing water circulation systems, respectively, and then
  • the internal heat exchanger and the outer heat exchanger of each heat exchanger 1 are separately heated in the inner heat exchanger and the outer heat exchanger, and a part of the water is evaporated into steam, and the steam-water mixture flowing out from the inner heat exchanger passes through
  • the inner heat exchanger ascending manifold 11 enters the steam collecting package 14, and the steam-water mixture flowing out of the outer heat exchanger passes through the outer heat exchanger ascending manifold 10 to enter the steam collecting package 14, and the steam-water mixture is separated in the steam collecting package 14
  • the steam is supplied through the steam outlet pipe.
  • the water is sent to the steam collecting bag 14 through the water supply pipe 18 to maintain the water level of the steam collecting bag 14 within a certain range. If the flow rate of the circulating water entering each of the internal heat exchangers is large, the flow rate of the shut-off valve 3 on the inlet pipe 4 of the internal heat exchanger can be adjusted to keep their flow rates consistent. If the circulating water flow rates entering the outer heat exchangers 1 are large, the flow rate of the shut-off valves 3 on the inlet pipes 5 of the outer heat exchangers can be adjusted to keep their flow rates consistent.
  • the third gate valve 20 is opened to close the second gate valve 12.
  • the water in the cool water tank 25 is driven by the water pump 24, enters the descending main pipe 6 through the water supply pipe 21, and then enters the inner heat exchanger and the outer heat exchanger, and then passes through the inner heat exchanger to rise the main pipe 11 and the outer heat exchange respectively.
  • the riser header 10 enters the return pipe 19 and returns to the cool water tank 25. At this time, the passage between the steam collecting package 14 and the heat exchanger 1 is cut off, and the inspection or inspection of the steam collecting package 14 under the operating conditions of the tank calcining furnace can be realized.

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Abstract

一种罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，包括布置在罐式煅烧炉的中部的集汽包（14），多个换热器（1）从罐式煅烧炉中部沿炉体长度方向两侧分为两组，形成两个分汽水循环系统；每个分汽水循环系统设置一条下降总管（6）、一条内换热器上升总管（11）和一条外换热器上升总管（10）；每个分汽水循环系统的换热器（1）并联在下降总管（6）、内换热器上升总管（11）和外换热器上升总管（10）之间。该汽水循环系统有效缩短了汽水循环的距离，降低了流动阻力，提高了汽水循环系统运行可靠性。

Description

罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统
技术领域
罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，属于固体高温物料余热利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种石油焦罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用系统。
背景技术
石油焦通过高温（1350℃左右）煅烧去除其挥发份，完全炭化形成煅后焦。煅后焦广泛用于生产铝电解阳极、炼钢用石墨电极、增碳剂、工业硅及其它炭制品，是重要的基础原材料。我国煅后焦产量世界第一，2010年总产量为1032万吨，2011年总产量约为1200万吨，其中2/3以上是采用罐式煅烧炉生产。罐式煅烧工艺有两种余热可供利用：高温烟气余热和高温煅后焦余热。高温烟气余热利用技术已经较为成熟，在国内许多企业得到了推广应用，并取得了显著的经济和社会效益。罐式煅烧炉底板出口的煅后焦温度在1000℃以上，一方面，其携带的余热大约占整个煅烧工艺总能的33.5%，具有很高的利用价值；另一方面，高温煅后焦在排料前需要进行密闭均匀冷却，避免排料时发生氧化燃烧反应。目前，绝大多数企业采用传统的水冷夹套对高温煅后焦进行冷却，依靠大量的循环水流动将热量带走，再经过凉水降温后送回水冷夹套内循环利用。该冷却方式的弊端是：（1）高温煅后焦的余热没有利用，同时还消耗了大量水资源；（2）物料冷却不均匀，位于水冷夹套通道中心的部分物料温度较高，排料时有少量煅后焦发生烧损，降低了煅烧实收率；也导致煅后焦灰分含量增加，质量下降。因此，迫切需要综合解决高温煅后焦余热利用和均匀冷却问题。潍坊联兴炭素有限公司的“煅烧炉高温物料冷却及余热回收系统”（申请号为201010613254.2）在每个煅烧罐体下布置一套由内、外换热器组成的换热器，内、外换热器通过供水总管和回水总管与汽包相连通；汽包内的水依靠自然循环，经过供水总管分别进入内、外换热器，在内、外换热器内吸收高温煅后焦余热蒸发形成汽水混合物，内、外换热器的汽水混合物分别在两条回水总管内汇集，进入汽包，在汽包内进行水、汽分离，形成蒸汽。该专利初步解决了利用高温煅后焦余热生产蒸汽的问题。但随着罐式煅烧工艺的不断发展，每台罐式煅烧炉的煅烧罐数量逐渐增加，炉体越来越长。比如潍坊联兴炭素有限公司三期工程的每台罐式煅烧炉有60个煅烧罐（分为两排，每排30 罐），炉体长度为38米。如果采用上述专利的一套汽水循环系统将所有煅烧罐的高温煅后焦余热利用起来，汽水循环管路很长，流动阻力较大，供水前端和后端的换热器的流量分配差异也较大，容易造成汽水循环系统工作不稳定，甚至出现换热器烧毁现象。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种与罐式煅烧工艺匹配、汽水循环距离短、能够稳定运行的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：该罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，包括集汽包、下降管路、上升管路、换热器和集汽包检修切换管路，集汽包上部连通蒸汽输出管，集汽包中部连通补水管路，集汽包下部与下降管路连通，下降管路连通多个由外换热器和内换热器组成的换热器，换热器再经由上升管路连通集汽包形成水循环系统，其特征在于：所述集汽包布置在罐式煅烧炉的中部，将所有换热器从罐式煅烧炉中部沿炉体长度方向向两侧分为两组，形成两个分汽水循环系统；每个分汽水循环系统设置一条下降总管、一条内换热器上升总管和一条外换热器上升总管；每个分汽水循环系统的换热器并联在所述的下降总管、内换热器上升总管和外换热器上升总管之间。集汽包内的水分别进入两个分汽水循环系统的下降总管，然后分别进入所有换热器的内换热器和外换热器，在内换热器和外换热器内被加热。
所述的集汽包检修切换管路包括凉水池、水泵、供水管、回水管和第三闸阀，回水管一端与第二闸阀下方的两条内换热器上升总管以及两条外换热器上升总管连通，另一端连通凉水池，供水管一端与第二闸阀下方的两条下降总管连通，另一端连通水泵，水泵连通凉水池； 所述供水管和回水管中均安装第三闸阀。
所述的下降总管分为垂直段和水平段两部分，内换热器进水管和外换热器进水管都与下降总管的水平段连通。
所述的内换热器上升总管和外换热器上升总管都分为垂直段和倾斜段两部分，倾斜段沿流动方向呈向上倾斜布置，内换热器出水管都与内换热器上升总管的倾斜段连通，外换热器出水管都与外换热器上升总管的倾斜段连通。倾斜段沿流动方向呈向上倾斜布置，有利于汽水混合物的流动，避免气阻现象产生。
所述的换热器的外换热器包括换热器本体、环形上集箱、环形下集箱、上法兰和下法兰，环形上集箱和环形下集箱分别安装在换热器本体两端，下法兰安装在环形下集箱下端，上法兰安装在环形上集箱上端，上法兰由两个对称的法兰板组合而成，两个法兰板通过下面的连接板连接在一起，两个法兰板之间留有缝隙，在缝隙内填充耐热材料。
优选的，所述的相邻两个法兰板之间缝隙内的耐热材料为耐热陶瓷纤维。
与现有技术相比，本发明所具有的有益效果是：
1、将汽水循环系统分为两个分汽水循环系统，有效缩短了汽水循环的距离，降低了流动阻力，也减小了各换热器流量分配的不均性；内换热器和外换热器分别设置上升总管，消除了内换热器和外换热器内部流动差别较大的影响；
2、与换热器相连接部分的两条上升总管，沿流动方向呈向上倾斜布置，有利于汽水混合物的流动，避免气阻现象产生，因此，提高了汽水循环系统运行可靠性；
3、换热器的外换热器的上法兰由两个对称的法兰板组合而成，两个法兰板通过下面的连接板连接在一起，两个法兰板之间留有缝隙，可以有效补偿上法兰热膨胀大于环形上集箱热膨胀而引起的变形，降低上法兰与环形上集箱之间焊缝以及环形上集箱环焊缝的应力，提高了换热器工作可靠性。
附图说明
图1是该罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统的连接示意图。
图2是该罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统中换热器的结构示意图。
图中：1、换热器； 2、换热器本体； 3、截止阀； 4、内换热器进水管； 5、外换热器进水管； 6、下降总管 ；7、内换热器出水管； 8、第一闸阀； 9、外换热器出水管； 10、外换热器上升总管； 11、内换热器上升总管； 12、第二闸阀； 13、液位计； 14、集汽包； 15、安全阀； 16、蒸汽输出管； 17、压力表； 18、补水管路； 19、回水管； 20、第三闸阀； 21、供水管； 22、环形上集箱； 23、环形下集箱； 24、水泵； 25、凉水池； 26、上法兰； 27、下法兰； 28、连接板； 29、耐热材料。
具体实施方式
图1~2是该罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统的最佳实施例，下面结合附图1~2对该罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统做进一步说明。
参照附图1：罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，包括集汽包14、补水管路18、下降管路、上升管路、换热器1和集汽包检修切换管路。其中，集汽包14设有液位计13、安全阀15和压力表17；集汽包14上部与蒸汽输出管16连通，在集汽包14内形成的蒸汽通过蒸汽输出管16对外输送。集汽包14中部与补水管路18连通。罐式煅烧炉的每个煅烧罐体下面分别布置一套换热器1，所有换热器1均由外换热器和内换热器组成。下降管路的下降总管6上设有第二闸阀12，内换热器进水管4和外换热器进水管5上分别设有截止阀3并分别与下降总管6连通。截止阀3用于调节外换热器和内换热器的水流量，也方便换热器1的更换。上升管路分为内换热器上升管路和外换热器上升管路。内换热器出水管7与内换热器上升总管11连通；外换热器出水管9与外换热器上升总管10连通；内换热器出水管7和外换热器出水管9上分别设有第一闸阀8，内换热器上升总管11和外换热器上升总管10上分别设有第二闸阀12。集汽包检修切换管路包括凉水池25、水泵24、供水管21、回水管19和第三闸阀20。集汽包14布置在罐式煅烧炉的中部，将所有换热器1从罐式煅烧炉中部沿炉体长度方向向两侧分为两组，形成两个分汽水循环系统；每个分汽水循环系统设置一条下降总管6、一条内换热器上升总管11和一条外换热器上升总管10；每个分汽水循环系统的换热器并联在下降总管6、内换热器上升总管11和外换热器上升总管10之间；集汽包检修切换管路的供水管21与第二闸阀12下方的两条下降总管6连通，回水管19与第二闸阀12下方的两条内换热器上升总管11和两条外换热器上升总管10连通。
其中，换热器1的数量在实际应用中可以根据实际工况和需求进行调整，以满足整个系统的工作条件。
其中，下降总管6分为垂直段和水平段两部分，内换热器进水管4和外换热器进水管5都与下降总管6的水平段连通。
其中，内换热器上升总管11和外换热器上升总管10都分为垂直段和倾斜段两部分，倾斜段沿流动方向呈向上倾斜布置，内换热器出水管7都与内换热器上升总管11的倾斜段连通，外换热器出水管9都与外换热器上升总管10的倾斜段连通。
参照附图2，换热器1的外换热器包括换热器本体2、环形上集箱22、环形下集箱23、上法兰26和下法兰27，环形上集箱22和环形下集箱23分别安装在换热器本体2两端，下法兰27安装在环形下集箱23下端，上法兰26安装在环形上集箱22上端，上法兰26由两个对称的法兰板组合而成，两个法兰板通过下面的连接板28连接在一起，两个法兰板之间留有缝隙，在缝隙内填充耐热材料29，耐热材料29可为耐热陶瓷纤维或石棉等耐火材质。
工作过程如下：在罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统正常工作时，截止阀3、第一闸阀8和第二闸阀12处于开启状态，第三闸阀20处于关闭状态。在下降总管6与内换热器上升总管11和外换热器上升总管10内工质密度差的驱动下，集汽包14内的水分别进入两个分汽水循环系统的下降总管6，然后分别进入所有换热器1的内换热器和外换热器，在内换热器和外换热器内被加热，一部分水蒸发变成蒸汽，从内换热器流出来的汽水混合物经过内换热器上升总管11进入集汽包14，从外换热器流出来的汽水混合物经过外换热器上升总管10进入集汽包14，汽水混合物在集汽包14内进行汽水分离，产生的蒸汽通过蒸汽输出管外供。水通过补水管路18送入集汽包14，维持集汽包14的水位在一定范围内。如果进入各内换热器的循环水流量差异较大，可以通过调节内换热器进水管4上的截止阀3开度，使他们的流量保持一致。如果进入各外换热器1的循环水流量差异较大，可以通过调节外换热器进水管5上的截止阀3开度，使他们的流量保持一致。
当集汽包14需要检修或检验时，将第三闸阀20开启，将第二闸阀12关闭。凉水池25中的水在水泵24的驱动下，经过供水管21进入下降总管6，然后再进入内换热器和外换热器，然后再分别经过内换热器上升总管11和外换热器上升总管10进入回水管19，回到凉水池25。此时切断了集汽包14与换热器1之间的通路，可以实现在罐式煅烧炉运行条件下的集汽包14检修或检验。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，包括集汽包（14）、下降管路、上升管路、换热器（1）和集汽包检修切换管路，集汽包（14）上部连通蒸汽输出管（16），集汽包（14）中部连通补水管路（18），集汽包（14）下部与下降管路连通，下降管路连通多个由外换热器和内换热器组成的换热器（1），换热器（1）再经由上升管路连通集汽包（14）形成水循环系统，其特征在于：所述集汽包（14）布置在罐式煅烧炉的中部，将所有换热器（1）从罐式煅烧炉中部沿炉体长度方向向两侧分为两组，形成两个分汽水循环系统；每个分汽水循环系统设置一条下降总管（6）、一条内换热器上升总管（11）和一条外换热器上升总管（10）；每个分汽水循环系统的换热器（1）并联在所述的下降总管（6）、内换热器上升总管（11）和外换热器上升总管（10）之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，其特征在于：所述的集汽包检修切换管路包括凉水池（25）、水泵（24）、供水管（21）、回水管（19）和第三闸阀（20），回水管（19）一端与第二闸阀（12）下方的两条内换热器上升总管（11）以及两条外换热器上升总管（10）连通，另一端连通凉水池（25），供水管（21）一端与第二闸阀（12）下方的两条下降总管（6）连通，另一端连通水泵（24），水泵连通凉水池（25）；所述供水管（21）和回水管（19）中均安装第三闸阀（20）。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，其特征在于：所述的下降总管（6）分为垂直段和水平段两部分，内换热器进水管（4）和外换热器进水管（5）都与下降总管（6）的水平段连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，其特征在于：所述的内换热器上升总管（11）和外换热器上升总管（10）都分为垂直段和倾斜段两部分，倾斜段沿流动方向呈向上倾斜布置，内换热器出水管（7）都与内换热器上升总管（11）的倾斜段连通，外换热器出水管（9）都与外换热器上升总管（10）的倾斜段连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，其特征在于：所述的换热器（1）的外换热器包括换热器本体（2）、环形上集箱（22）、环形下集箱（23）、上法兰（26）和下法兰（27），环形上集箱（22）和环形下集箱（23）分别安装在换热器本体（2）两端，下法兰（27）安装在环形下集箱（23）下端，上法兰（26）安装在环形上集箱（22）上端，上法兰（26）由两个对称的法兰板组合而成，两个法兰板通过下面的连接板（28）连接在一起，两个法兰板之间留有缝隙，在缝隙内填充耐热材料（29）。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的罐式煅烧炉高温煅后焦余热利用汽水循环系统，其特征在于：所述的耐热材料（29）为耐热陶瓷纤维。
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