WO2014101344A1 - 一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法 - Google Patents
一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
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- the invention belongs to the field of microelectronic devices, and more particularly to a second-order memristor having multi-resistance characteristics and a modulation method thereof.
- memristor devices are all single-order memristors, that is, there are only one internal state variables, including the electron spin polarization direction, the electron barrier height, and the like.
- Such single-order memristors either use only the movement of metal ions to produce a memristive effect, or use only the phase change of the material to produce a memristive effect, and lack two or more orders that can simultaneously achieve the above two processes of memristive generation.
- Memristor device In fact, memristor devices will differ in their order. Will reflect a richer application potential. Accordingly, there are further improvements in the art for the construction of memristors and their modulation methods in order to obtain the technical requirements of multi-order memristors.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a second-order memristor having multi-resistance characteristics and a modulation method thereof, wherein the selection of key materials of the memristor and its modulation method are
- the improvement can correspondingly obtain a second-order memristor with multiple internal state variables to generate multiple memristive effects, and has the advantages of simple structure, size to nanometer scale and easy preparation.
- a second-order memristor having multi-resistance characteristics comprising an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a functional material layer between the upper and lower electrodes, wherein
- the functional material layer is made of a sulfur-based compound having a molecular structure of 0 51 32 1 ⁇ 5 , 51 32 ⁇ 3 or GeTe, and at least one of the upper and lower electrodes is made of Ag or Cu.
- the second-order memristor according to the present invention is used as a two-terminal device, and on the one hand, the metal ions of the electrode can undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction at the interface of the sulfur-based compound, and the generated active metal ions enter the function under the action of the electric field.
- the metal ions of the electrode can undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction at the interface of the sulfur-based compound, and the generated active metal ions enter the function under the action of the electric field.
- the active metal ions In the material, and the external voltage of different polarity causes the active metal ions to migrate in different directions to produce a memristive effect, that is, the movement of metal ions dominates the memristive effect; on the other hand, a large number of test tests show that the above-mentioned sulfur phase The change of the crystal phase can occur under the action of a certain current, which will also cause the change of the resistance value of the memristor device.
- the functional material layer can undergo crystal phase change, thereby achieving the memristor of the modulation memristor device.
- the purpose of the feature In this way, multiple memristive effects can be produced, and a second-order memristor with multi-resistance characteristics can be obtained, and its size can be up to the nanometer scale.
- the memristor device unit further includes a metal contact layer composed of Ag or Cu, the metal contact layer being disposed between and in electrical contact with the lower electrode and the functional material layer.
- the upper electrode, the functional material layer, and the lower electrode collectively form a crisscross structure.
- the thickness of the functional material layer is 10 nm to 100 nm, and the thickness of the upper and lower electrodes is ⁇ , respectively! ⁇ 500 calendars.
- the second-order memristor comprises a plurality of device units, which together form an memristor in the form of an array or a network.
- a corresponding second-order memristor modulation method characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
- the range of the limiting current is in the range of 0. lV-5Vo.
- the second-order memristor and the modulation method thereof according to the present invention have the following technical advantages as compared with the prior art:
- the memristor can be used to simultaneously generate the memristive effect by utilizing the movement of the metal ions and the crystal phase change of the material, thereby generating multiple memories. Resistance effect, with multi-resistance characteristics;
- the second-order memristor according to the present invention is small in size, simple in structure, easy to prepare, and has great potential for application in high-density storage, and in particular, can provide a new development direction for realization of more-order memristors. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second-order memristor device unit according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a structure of a second-order memristor composed of a plurality of device units shown in FIG.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics of a second-order memristor device unit in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 4 is a crystal phase transfer graph of a second-order memristor device unit in accordance with the present invention; Comparison of resistance values of second-order memristor device units.
- the device unit of the second-order memristor according to the present invention mainly includes a lower electrode 101, an upper electrode 104, and a functional material layer 103 between the upper and lower electrodes.
- the functional material layer 103 is a sulfur-based phase change material, and is also a solid electrolyte material, usually Ge_Te, Ge-Sb-Te or Ag-Ge-Te, etc., and its molecular structure is, for example, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , Sb 2 Te 3 or GeTe.
- At least one of the upper and lower electrodes 104, 101 is made of an active metal such as Ag or Cu.
- an active metal such as Ag or Cu.
- the change thereby changing the operation mode, causes the device functional layer material to undergo a crystal phase change, thereby adjusting the memristive characteristics of the device and causing the second-order memristor according to the present invention to exhibit multi-resistance characteristics as a whole.
- a metal contact layer 102 is further disposed between the lower electrode 101 and the functional material layer 103, and the metal contact layer 102 is made of an active metal such as Ag or Cu, and functions with the lower electrode 101.
- the material layers 103 form electrical contacts, respectively.
- the reason why the metal contact layer 102 is added is mainly to consider that when the processing between the lower electrode and the functional material layer is performed by a photolithography process or the like, interface contamination may be introduced and the movement of the active metal ions in the functional material layer may be affected.
- a metal contact layer is added in a preferred embodiment of the invention, which A photolithography process may be performed between the lower electrode 101 and the metal contact layer 102, and the metal contact layer 102 and the functional material layer 103 are sequentially performed by a sputtering process.
- the lower electrode 101, the functional material layer 103, and the upper electrode 104 together form a crisscross structure.
- the lower electrodes 101 are longitudinally arranged, for example, in the horizontal direction
- the upper electrodes 104 are laterally arranged in the horizontal direction
- the functional material layer 103 between the upper and lower electrodes is along Arranged in a vertical direction and perpendicular to the upper and lower electrodes, respectively (if metal contact layer 102 is present, the metal contact layer is laminated with functional material layer 103, and is also arranged in a vertical direction and perpendicular to the upper and lower electrodes, respectively).
- the structure can bring advantages such as simple process, high integration, and the like, and is particularly suitable for the multi-order memristor according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second-order memristor constructed by a plurality of device units shown in Fig. 1.
- the multi-order memristor comprises a plurality of device units, and the device units are presented in the form of an array or a network, and a plurality of device units of the same row in the array 100 are shown together with one upper electrode, and the same Multiple device units of the column share the same lower electrode.
- the thickness of the functional material layer is ⁇ ! ⁇ 100 nm
- the thickness of the upper and lower electrodes is 10 nm to 500 nm, respectively.
- the functional material layer In the initial state, the functional material layer is amorphous. In order to prevent the functional material layer from undergoing phase change due to Joule heat, a suitable limiting current is applied during the initial operation, which is 50 uA in this embodiment, and bidirectional voltage scanning is performed. Thus, under the functional material layer based on the amorphous state, the device unit exhibits a memristive property;
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the crystal phase transfer of a second-order memristor device unit in accordance with the present invention. As shown in Fig.
- the device under the action of limiting current, the device exhibits memristive characteristics based on the amorphous functional layer; increasing the scanning range, the functional layer of the device changes from amorphous to crystalline, and still exhibits memristive properties.
- the second-order memristor according to the present invention is shown to have multi-resistance characteristics, wherein the number of resistance switchings is extracted from a switching curve under the action of DC scanning.
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Abstract
一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法,该忆阻器的器件单元包括上电极、下电极以及位于上下电极之间的功能材料层,其中所述功能材料层由分子式结构为Ge2Sb2Te5、Sb2Te3或GeTe的硫系化合物制成,所述上、下电极中的至少一个由Ag或Cu制成。上述具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法能够获得具有多个内部状态变量以产生多重忆阻效应的二阶忆阻器,同时具备结构简单、尺寸可至纳米级和易于制备等优点。
Description
一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法
【技术领域】
本发明属于微电子器件领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种具备多阻态特性的 二阶忆阻器及其调制方法。
【背景技术】
1971年加州大学伯克利分校的蔡少棠教授理论最早预测了除电阻、 电 容、 电感以外的第四种无源电路元件 f乙阻器。 它的基本特征是能够记 忆流经的电荷, 并以电阻的变化反应出来。 由于忆阻器具备尺寸小、 功耗 低、 速度快、 非易失性等优点, 因此成为了下一代非易失性存储器的重要 候选。 此外, 忆阻器所具备的电路特性、 非线性的阻变行为以及电荷记忆 等特征, 使得忆阻器在材料、 电子、 生物、 化学和计算机等多个领域均获 得了广泛应用, 是当前国际研究的热点之一所在。
自从二氧化钛最先被提出可作为忆阻功能材料以来, 很多材料相继被 发现具有忆阻效应。 2007 年, R. Pandian 等发现在多晶态下的相变材料 Ge-Sb-Te薄膜中也具有忆阻效应,利用 Ge_Sb_Te薄膜中多余的金属离子在 晶界处移动也能产生不依赖于相变的忆阻特性; 密歇根大学的研究团队同 样利用 Ag 离子在非晶硅中的移动形成导电通道来产生忆阻效应; 此外, EP2443657A1 中公开了一种利用金属氧化物中空位的迁移来调节器件电阻 以产生忆阻效应的存储器。
然而, 对于现有技术中的这些忆阻器器件而言, 其均为单阶忆阻器, 也即内部的状态变量都仅有一个, 包括电子自旋极化方向、 电子势垒高度 等。 这类单阶忆阻器要么仅利用金属离子的移动来产生忆阻效应, 要么仅 利用材料晶相变化来产生忆阻效应, 缺乏能够同时实现以上两种忆阻产生 过程的两阶或多阶忆阻器器件。 而事实上, 忆阻器器件因其阶数的不同将
会体现出更丰富的应用潜力。 相应地, 本领域中存在着对忆阻器的构造及 其调制方法作出进一步改进, 以便获得多阶忆阻器的技术需求。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或技术需求, 本发明的目的在于提供一种具 备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法, 其中通过对忆阻器关键材料的 选择及其调制方法上的改进, 相应能够获得具有多个内部状态变量以产生 多重忆阻效应的二阶忆阻器, 同时具备结构简单、 尺寸可至纳米级和易于 制备等优点。
按照本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器, 该忆阻器的器件单元包括上电极、 下电极以及位于上下电极之间的功能材 料层,其特征在于:所述功能材料层由分子式结构为 0 51321^5、5132^3或 GeTe 的硫系化合物制成, 所述上、 下电极中的至少一个由 Ag或 Cu制成。
通过以上构思, 按照本发明的二阶忆阻器作为一种两端器件, 一方面 电极的金属离子可在硫系化合物界面处发生氧化 -还原反应, 生成的活性金 属离子在电场作用下进入功能材料内, 并且不同极性的外压电压会使活性 金属离子朝不同方向迁移产生忆阻效应, 即金属离子的移动支配着忆阻效 应; 另一方面, 大量的测试试验表明, 上述硫系相变材料在一定电流作用 下可发生晶相变化, 相应也会导致忆阻器器件阻值的变化, 这样通过改变 操作方式可以使得功能材料层发生晶相变化, 从而达到调制忆阻器器件忆 阻特性的目的。 以此方式, 能够产生多重忆阻效应, 并获得具备多阻态特 性的二阶忆阻器, 且其尺寸可至纳米级。
作为进一步优选地, 所述忆阻器器件单元还包括有由 Ag或 Cu构成的 金属接触层, 该金属接触层设置在下电极与功能材料层之间并与其形成电 接触。
作为进一步优选地, 所述上电极、 功能材料层以及下电极共同形成十 字交叉状结构。
作为进一步优选地, 所述功能材料层的厚度为 10nm〜100nm, 所述上、 下电极的厚度分别为 ΙΟηπ!〜 500歷。
作为进一步优选地, 所述二阶忆阻器包括多个器件单元, 这些器件单 元以阵列或网络的形式共同构成忆阻器。
按照本发明的另一方面, 还提供了相应的二阶忆阻器调制方法, 其特 征在于, 该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)对二阶忆阻器的器件单元施加限制电流或限制电压, 并对其相应 执行直流电压扫描或直流电流扫描, 由此使得各个器件单元在其功能材料 层处于非晶态状态下呈现忆阻特性;
( b )对限制电流 /直流电压扫描或限制电压 /直流电流扫描的范围予以 调整, 直至功能材料层呈现晶相变化, 由此使得各个器件单元在其功能材 料层处于静态状态下呈现忆阻特性。
作为进一步优选地,在步骤(a)中,所述限制电流的范围为 luA-100uA, 所述限制电压的范围为 0. lV-5Vo
总体而言, 按照本发明的二阶忆阻器及其调制方法与现有技术相比, 主要具备以下的技术优点:
1、 通过对忆阻器的上下电极和功能材料层的具体材料选择, 所制得的 忆阻器能能够同时利用金属离子的移动和材料晶相变化来产生忆阻效应, 因而可产生多重忆阻效应, 具备多阻态特性;
2、 按照本发明的二阶忆阻器尺寸小、 结构简单, 易于制备, 有较大的 潜力应用于高密度存储领域, 尤其能够对更多阶的忆阻器的实现提供了新 的发展方向。
【附图说明】
图 1是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的主体结构示意图; 图 2是由图 1 中所示的多个器件单元所共同构成的二阶忆阻器的结构
图 3是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的电流 -电压特性曲线图; 图 4是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的晶相转移曲线图; 图 5是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的阻值对比图。
【具体实肺式】
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图 及实施例, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
图 1 是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的主体结构示意图。 如图 1 中所示, 按照本发明的二阶忆阻器的器件单元主要包括下电极 101、上电极 104以及位于上下电极之间的功能材料层 103。 其中, 所述功能材料层 103 是硫系相变材料, 也属于固态电解质类材料, 通常为 Ge_Te、 Ge-Sb-Te或 Ag-Ge-Te等, 其分子式结构譬如为 Ge2Sb2Te5、 Sb2Te3或 GeTe。 所述上、 下 电极 104、 101中的至少一个需采用 Ag或 Cu这类的活性金属制成。 通过以 上的材料选择及配合, 这样一方面, 电极的活性金属可以与硫系化合物界 面处发生氧化还原反应, 生成的活性金属离子在电场作用下进入功能材料 内迁移, 不同极性的外加电压使活性金属离子朝不同方向迁移产生忆阻效 应, 即金属离子的移动支配着忆阻效应; 另一反面, 硫系相变材料在一定 电流作用下会发生晶相变化, 也会导致器件阻值的变化, 由此通过改变操 作方式, 使器件功能层材料发生晶相变化, 从而可调节器件的忆阻特性并 使得按照本发明的二阶忆阻器整体呈现多阻态特性。
如图 1中所示, 在下电极 101与功能材料层 103之间还设置有金属接 触层 102, 该金属接触层 102譬如由 Ag或 Cu这类的活性金属制成, 并与下 电极 101、 功能材料层 103分别形成电接触。 之所以增设金属接触层 102, 主要是考虑到当通过光刻工艺等进行下电极与功能材料层之间的加工时, 可能会引入界面污染, 并影响到活性金属离子在功能材料层内的移动, 为 了避免以上问题, 在本发明的一个优选实施方式中增加了金属接触层, 这
样下电极 101与金属接触层 102之间可以执行光刻工艺,而金属接触层 102 与功能材料层 103依次通过溅射工艺来完成。
在另外一个优选实施方式中, 所述下电极 101、功能材料层 103以及上 电极 104共同形成了十字交叉状结构。 具体如图 1 中所示, 在该十字交叉 状结构中, 下电极 101例如沿着水平方向纵向排列, 上电极 104沿着水平 方向横向排列, 而处于上下电极之间的功能材料层 103则沿着竖直方向排 列并分别与上下电极相垂直 (如果存在金属接触层 102 的话, 该金属接触 层与功能材料层 103相层叠, 并同样沿着竖直方向排列且分别垂直于上下 电极) , 该结构能带来工艺简单、 集成度高等优点, 并尤其适用于按照本 发明的多阶忆阻器。
图 2是由图 1 中所示的多个器件单元所共同构成的二阶忆阻器的结构 示意图。 如图 2 中所示, 该多阶忆阻器包括多个器件单元, 而且这些器件 单元呈现为阵列或网络的形式, 所示阵列 100 中同一行的多个器件单元共 同一个上电极, 而同一列的多个器件单元共用同一个下电极。 此外, 对于 各个器件单元而言, 所述功能材料层的厚度为 ΙΟηπ!〜 lOOnm, 所述上、 下电 极的厚度分别为 10nm〜500nm。
下面将参照图 2来具体描述对按照本发明的二阶忆阻器执行调制使其 具产生多重忆阻效应的操作过程, 在操作过程中, 下电极接地, 上电极与 信号源相连接。
初始状态下, 功能材料层为非晶态, 为了防止功能材料层因焦耳热发 生相变, 在初次操作的过程中施加一合适的限制电流, 本实施例中为 50uA, 并进行双向电压扫描, 这样在基于非晶态的功能材料层下, 器件单元体现 出忆阻特性;
接着, 通过增大直流扫描范围并撤去限制电流, 功能材料层因焦耳热 发生相变到达晶态, 在基于晶态的功能材料层下, 器件单元仍体现出忆阻 特性。 如图 2中所示, 虽然不同晶态下的忆阻行为趋势一致, 但对应的高 /
低阻值与阈值差异较大, 展示了功能层的晶相转变对忆阻特性的调制效应。 图 4是按照本发明的二阶忆阻器器件单元的晶相转移曲线图。 如图 4 中所示, 在限制电流的作用下, 器件基于非晶态的功能层体现忆阻特性; 增大扫描范围, 器件功能层由非晶态转变为晶态, 仍体现忆阻特性。 此外, 如图 5 中所示, 显示按照本发明的二阶忆阻器具备多阻态特性, 其中阻值 切换次数提取自直流扫描作用下的切换曲线。
本领域的技术人员容易理解, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等 同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1、 一种具备多阻态特性的二阶忆阻器, 该忆阻器的器件单元包括上电 极、 下电极以及位于上下电极之间的功能材料层, 其特征在于: 所述功能 材料层由分子式结构为 Ge2Sb2Te5、 Sb2Te3或 GeTe的硫系化合物制成, 所述 上、 下电极中的至少一个由 Ag或 Cu制成。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的忆阻器, 其特征在于, 所述忆阻器器件单元还 包括有由 Ag或 Cu构成的金属接触层, 该金属接触层设置在下电极与功能 材料层之间并与其形成电接触。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的忆阻器, 其特征在于, 所述上电极、 功能 材料层以及下电极共同形成十字交叉状结构。
4、 如权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的忆阻器, 其特征在于, 所述功能材 料层的厚度为 10nm〜100nm, 所述上、 下电极的厚度分别为 10nm〜500nm。
5、 如权利要求 1-4任意一项所述的忆阻器, 其特征在于, 所述多阶忆 阻器包括多个器件单元, 这些器件单元以阵列或网络的形式共同构成忆阻 器。
6、 一种用于对如权利要求 1-5任意一项所述的忆阻器执行调制以使其 呈现多重忆阻效应的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)对多阶忆阻器的器件单元施加限制电流或限制电压, 并对其相应 执行直流电压扫描或直流电流扫描, 由此使得各个器件单元在其功能材料 层处于非晶态状态下呈现忆阻特性;
( b )对限制电流 /直流电压扫描或限制电压 /直流电流扫描的范围予以 调整, 直至功能材料层呈现晶相变化, 由此使得各个器件单元在其功能材 料层处于静态状态下呈现忆阻特性。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 (a) 中, 所述限 制电流的范围为 luA-100uA, 所述限制电压的范围为 0. lV-5Vo
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| CN111275177A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-12 | 北京大学 | 一种全忆阻器神经网络及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112687794A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-20 | 山东科技大学 | 一种具有自修复能力的柔性忆阻器及制备方法 |
| CN113437216A (zh) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-24 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种基于电子-离子混合导体的忆阻器及其制备方法 |
| CN115605026A (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-13 | 电子科技大学(Cn) | 一种可直接实现权重差分的无源忆阻交叉阵列器件 |
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| CN105372849B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-08-24 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于非晶硅忆阻效应的硅基波导光开关及其制造方法 |
| GB2554861B (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2021-09-15 | Univ Oxford Brookes | Sensor |
| CN113745004A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 江苏集萃脑机融合智能技术研究所有限公司 | 具有记忆功能的多值电容器 |
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