WO2014101343A1 - 一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构及方法 - Google Patents

一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101343A1
WO2014101343A1 PCT/CN2013/071743 CN2013071743W WO2014101343A1 WO 2014101343 A1 WO2014101343 A1 WO 2014101343A1 CN 2013071743 W CN2013071743 W CN 2013071743W WO 2014101343 A1 WO2014101343 A1 WO 2014101343A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching device
terminal
unit
link unit
fault
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/071743
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈峻岭
黄明星
余怀林
Original Assignee
珠海万力达电气股份有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海万力达电气股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海万力达电气股份有限公司
Priority to US14/421,447 priority Critical patent/US9287699B2/en
Publication of WO2014101343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101343A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of dynamic reactive power compensation and harmonic control of power systems, and relates to a chain active power filter link unit Road control structure and method.
  • APF active power filter
  • the filtering performance is not affected by the impedance of the grid, and will not cause series-parallel resonance with the grid impedance
  • APF has many advantages and features, it is more and more accepted and adopted by users. Due to the limitations of current power electronic switching devices, APF is often used in harmonic control applications of low voltage power supply systems. For medium and high voltage large capacity harmonics, the APF main circuit generally needs to use series, parallel, multiplex and multilevel techniques of switching devices. The series and parallel connection of switching devices need to solve the dynamic voltage equalization and current sharing problems of the device; the transformer used in the multiplexing technology has saturation and nonlinearity, which brings problems such as complicated control and difficult protection; An important research direction of APF capacity.
  • the main circuit of the chain APF is a chain multi-level inverter.
  • Each phase is an independent chain, which is composed of a plurality of link units with identical structures.
  • Each link unit is one outputable three.
  • the capacity and withstand voltage rating of the device also increase accordingly.
  • the large number of switching devices will inevitably increase the probability of failure, which makes it necessary to increase the redundant link unit.
  • the faulty link unit can be bypassed. Continue to operate after the fault link unit is bypassed to improve the utilization and reliability of the device. It is therefore necessary to design a simple, economical and reliable bypass structure for each link unit.
  • Chinese patent 201010624231.1 and Chinese patent 201020700497.5 provide a kind of mining
  • the chained STATCOM link unit bypass structure of the mechanical switch uses a specially designed mechanical switch as the bypass structure of the link unit.
  • the circuit has a simple structure, and the number of original parts is small, and the installation operation is convenient.
  • Chinese Patent 201010261610.9 provides a bypass structure using a contactor as a frequency converter link unit.
  • Chinese patent 200520050490.2, Chinese patent 200810113842.2, and Chinese patent 200810113844.1 all use thyristor as a bypass structure of the link unit.
  • the above bypass structure uses the power-increasing device to complete the link unit bypass, which adds extra cost and volume.
  • the contactor or the thyristor is used as the bypass execution device, and the bypass function takes a long time. .
  • the present invention provides a bypass control of a link unit in the event of failure of any one of the switching devices, which is stable, reliable, high in utilization, and can reduce additional
  • a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure comprising a main controller, a chain multi-level inverter for generating a compensation voltage and capable of bypass control of the link unit thereof, and a use a reactor for generating a compensation current and connected to the power grid;
  • the chain multilevel inverter is mainly composed of two or more cascaded link units; each of the link units includes a unit controller, a fault detection circuit, a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a DC/DC power supply, and a DC-coupled circuit, the unit controller being connected to the main controller, a fault detection circuit, and a single-phase full-bridge inverter, the DC coupling
  • the input end of the circuit is electrically connected to both ends of the DC voltage of the link unit and the DC voltage of the adjacent link unit, and the input end of the DC/DC power supply is electrically connected to the output end of the DC coupling circuit.
  • the output of the DC/DC power supply is electrically connected to the unit controller to supply the operating power of each component.
  • the single-phase full-bridge inverter is mainly composed of four switching devices S1 to S4, four diodes D1 to D4, and a capacitor C, the switching device S1 and the switching device S2, and the switching device S3 and The switching devices S4 are respectively connected in series, and the switching devices are connected in series S1 and the switching device S2 are connected in parallel with the switching device S3 and the switching device S4 connected in series, and four of the switching devices S1 to S4 are connected in anti-parallel with the four diodes D1 to D4 one by one in sequence; One end of the collector of the switching device S1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and one end of the switching device S2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2.
  • the switching device S1 and the switching device The midpoint of S2 and its anti-parallel diode D1 and diode D2 series circuit is U terminal, and the midpoint of the series connection circuit of the switching device S3 and the switching device S4 and the anti-parallel diode D3 and the diode D4 is the V terminal,
  • the P terminal and the M terminal are respectively connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the capacitor C, and the P terminal and the M terminal are also connected to the fault detecting circuit together with the U terminal and the V terminal.
  • the fault detecting circuit includes four sets of first detecting unit, second detecting unit, third detecting unit and fourth detecting unit having the same circuit structure, and each of the detecting units is mainly composed of an optical isolation module.
  • the other input end of the photoelectric isolation module is electrically connected to the diode D8, and the two ends of the resistor R2, the diode D7 and the capacitor C1 are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the photoelectric isolation module.
  • the capacitor C1 is connected to the resistor R3 and the input end of the opto-isolation module
  • One of the output terminals of the photoelectric isolation module is electrically connected to the resistor R4, and the other output terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the 5V working power supply, the capacitor C2
  • the two ends are respectively electrically connected to the two output ends of the photoelectric isolation module; wherein the input end of the first detecting unit is electrically connected to the p end and the u end of the single phase full bridge inverter, The input end of the second detecting unit is electrically connected to the U end and the M end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, and the input end of the third detecting unit and the P end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter The V terminal is electrically connected, the input end of the fourth detecting unit is electrically connected to the V end and the M
  • the DC coupling circuit includes a phase in which two diodes are connected in series Two sets of diodes connected in parallel with each other and two sets of diodes which are reversely connected in series and connected in parallel with each other; wherein the input terminals of the two sets of diodes which are connected in series by two diodes in parallel and are connected in parallel with each other respectively
  • the P-end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the unit and the P' end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the adjacent link unit are connected, and the output ends are V 1 of the DC/DC power supply of the link unit + input-conducting connection;
  • the input terminals of the two sets of diodes which are reversely connected in series and connected in parallel with each other are respectively connected to the M end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the link unit and the adjacent link unit
  • the M' terminal of the single-phase full-bridge inverter is connected, and the output terminals are electrically connected to the Vi_ input of the DC/DC power supply
  • the preferred embodiment of the DC coupling circuit includes three sets of diodes which are connected in series by three diodes in parallel and are connected in parallel with each other, and three sets of diodes which are reversely connected in series by three diodes and are connected in parallel with each other;
  • the three diodes are connected in series and the input terminals of the three sets of diodes connected in parallel with each other are respectively connected to the P-end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the link unit and the single-phase full-bridge inverter of two adjacent link units.
  • the P' terminal, the P" conduction connection, and the output terminal are all electrically connected to the V1 + input terminal of the DC/DC power supply of the link unit; the three diodes are connected in series in reverse series and are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the input terminals of the group diodes are respectively connected to the M' end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the link unit and the M' end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter of two adjacent link units, M", and the output end Both are electrically connected to the 1 ⁇ 4_ input of the DC/DC power supply of the link unit.
  • a control method based on the chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure, real-time paired in a chain multi-level inverter of a chain active power filter in each link unit The state of the switching device is detected, and the fault type is classified and judged, and the control of the non-faulty switching device in the link unit where the faulty switching device is located is fully utilized to achieve the purpose of bypassing the faulty link unit.
  • control method includes the following steps:
  • the fault detection circuit detects the state of the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter in the link unit in real time
  • the unit controller of the fault link unit judges and faults the fault information detected by the fault detecting circuit
  • the main controller issues correspondingly according to the fault classification reported by the unit controller of the fault link unit Bypass control command;
  • the unit controller of the fault link unit performs reasonable opening control of the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter according to the bypass control command sent by the main controller, so that the single-phase full of the fault link unit The bridge inverter output is short-circuited to achieve the purpose of bypassing the faulty link unit.
  • the unit controller of the fault link unit performs reasonable opening control on the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter according to the bypass control command sent by the main controller, specifically: the fault link
  • the unit controller of the unit sends a switching signal to the non-faulty switching device in the single-phase full-bridge inverter according to the bypass control command sent by the main controller, so that the switching device S1 and the switching device S3 or the switching device S2 and the switching device S4 is turned on, thereby outputting a short circuit and implementing bypass control.
  • the present invention can bypass control the link unit where the faulty switching device is located in the case of short circuit and open circuit failure and other specific faults of any one of the switching devices, thereby ensuring the active circuit filter.
  • the normal operation, stable performance, reliable, high utilization solve the problem that must be taken out of operation and trouble-shooting before being put into use, and no additional bypass device is needed, which reduces the extra cost and volume, and realizes the bypass function.
  • the time is less than the time taken to complete the bypass function with the contactor and thyristor.
  • control method of the invention can be used not only for open circuit and short circuit fault detection of switching devices, but also for other applications of chain multilevel converters, such as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM static var generator (SVG frequency conversion) Link unit bypass control in systems such as devices.
  • STATCOM static var generator SVG frequency conversion
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a chain link unit and a main controller in an embodiment of a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single-phase full-bridge inverter in a chain-type active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure of the fault detection circuit in the embodiment;
  • FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of a gate trigger signal of a single-phase full-bridge inverter in a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a DC coupling circuit in an embodiment of a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of another DC coupling circuit in an embodiment of a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a detection waveform diagram of a chain-type active power filter link unit bypass control structure in the embodiment of the present invention when no open circuit fault occurs in the switching device;
  • FIG. 9 is a detection waveform diagram of an open circuit fault of a switching device S1 and a switching device S2 in a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a detection waveform diagram of an open circuit fault of a switching device S3 and a switching device S4 in an embodiment of a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of the present invention. A flow chart of a method for controlling a chained active power filter link unit bypass control structure.
  • a chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure includes a main controller 1, a chain for generating a compensation voltage and capable of bypass control of the link unit thereof
  • a compensating current is generated after the device 3, which is injected into the grid to compensate for the reactive current and harmonic current required in the grid.
  • the chain multilevel inverter 2 is mainly composed of two or more cascaded link units 21; each link unit 21 includes a unit controller 211, a fault detecting circuit 212, and a single phase full bridge inverter 213, DC/DC power supply 214 and DC coupling circuit 215,
  • the unit controller 211 is connected to the main controller 1 through an optical fiber, and is also connected to the fault detecting circuit 212 and the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213.
  • the input end of the DC-coupled circuit 215 and the DC of the link unit 21 thereof are located.
  • the two ends of the voltage are electrically connected to the DC voltage of the adjacent link unit 21, and the input end of the DC/DC power supply 214 is electrically connected to the output end of the DC coupling circuit 215, and the output end of the DC/DC power supply 214 is
  • the unit controller 211 is electrically connected to supply the operating power of each component.
  • the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 is mainly composed of four switching devices S1 to S4, four diodes D1 to D4, and a capacitor C, and the switching devices S1 to S4 are IGBT tubes.
  • the switching device S1 and the switching device S2, the switching device S3 and the switching device S4 are respectively connected in series, and the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 connected in series are connected in parallel with the switching device S3 and the switching device S4 connected in series, and four The switching devices S1 to S4 and the four diodes D1 to D4 are connected in anti-parallel one-to-one in sequence; wherein one end of the collector of the switching device S1 and the cathode of the diode D1 is a P terminal, and the emitter of the switching device S2 and the diode D2 One end of the anode connection is M terminal, and the midpoint of the series circuit of the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 and its anti-parallel diode D
  • the midpoint of the diode D4 series circuit is the V terminal, and the P terminal and the M terminal are respectively connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the capacitor C, and the P terminal and the M terminal are also combined with the U terminal and the V terminal.
  • Fault detection circuit 212 is connected.
  • the P L sent by the main controller 1 to the unit controller 211 represents the switching signal of the switching device S1 in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213, and the switching device is driven by the driving circuit in the unit controller 211 to provide a switch.
  • the gate trigger signal S c of the switching device S3 is given; in order to avoid the phenomenon that the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 and the switching device S3 and the switching device S4 are directly connected in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213, the dead time is introduced, and the switching device S2 is introduced.
  • the pole trigger signal S b and the switching device S4 gate trigger signal S d logic (as shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ represents the trigger switching device is turned on, and "0" represents the trigger switching device is turned off.
  • the main controller 1 will run and stop. , bypass command, in data encoding mode, passed to the unit controller 211 through the S T ; unit controller 21 1
  • the information on the open circuit fault, short circuit fault, and DC voltage undervoltage and overvoltage of the switching device of the link unit 21 is transmitted to the main controller 1 through the S R in a data encoding manner.
  • the fault detecting circuit 212 in the chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure includes four sets of first detecting unit 2121 having the same circuit structure, and a second detecting unit 2122.
  • the third detecting unit 2123 and the fourth detecting unit 2124, each of the detecting units 2121 to 2124 are mainly composed of one photoelectric isolation module 2125, four diodes D5 to D8, four resistors R1 to R4 and two capacitors C1 and C2.
  • the photoelectric isolation module 2125 is a TLP521 or a 6N137 chip, and the diode D5, the diode D6, the resistor R1 and the resistor R3 are sequentially connected to one of the input terminals of the photoelectric isolation module 2125, and the diodes D5 to D7 are (unipolar or Bipolar) transient voltage absorbing tube or Zener diode, in which diodes D5 and D6 mainly serve as a voltage cut-off function, and the light-emitting diode in the photoelectric isolation module 2125 is only when the voltage applied to the loop exceeds the voltage regulation values of D5 and D6. Only the current flows through, and the other input end of the photoelectric isolation module 2125 is electrically connected with a diode D8.
  • the diode D8 is mainly used to avoid the illumination in the photoelectric isolation module 2125.
  • the pole tube is subjected to a reverse voltage, and both ends of the resistor R2, the diode D7 and the capacitor C1 are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the photoelectric isolation module 2125, and are connected in parallel with each other, and one end of the resistor R2 and the diode D7 are connected at Between the resistor R1 and the resistor R3, the diode D7 is mainly used for voltage stabilization to prevent the voltage applied to the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module 2125 from being too high.
  • One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the resistor R3 and the photoelectric isolation module 2125.
  • one of the output ends of the photoelectric isolation module 2125 is electrically connected to the resistor R4, and the other output terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the 5V working power supply.
  • the two ends of the capacitor C2 are respectively associated with the optical isolation module 2125.
  • the output terminals are electrically connected, and the resistors R1 R R3 are current limiting voltage dividing resistors, mainly for limiting the current flowing through the light emitting diodes in the photoelectric isolation module 2125, the resistors R4 being pull-up level resistors, Capacitors C1 and C2 are filter capacitors for filtering high frequency signals; wherein the input end of the first detecting unit 2121 is electrically connected to the P terminal and the U terminal of the single phase full bridge inverter 213, and the second detecting unit 2122 is The input end is electrically connected to the U end and the M end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213, and the input end of the third detecting unit 2123 is electrically connected to the P end and the V end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213, and fourth.
  • Detection unit 2124 The input end is electrically connected to the V end and the M end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213, and the outputs of the first detecting unit 2121, the second detecting unit 2122, the third detecting unit 2123, and the fourth detecting unit 2124 are respectively It is an F1 terminal, an F2 terminal, an F3 terminal, and an F4 terminal, and is electrically connected to the unit controller 211.
  • the minimum operating voltage of the DC voltage U PM across the capacitor C in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 is Umm, and the highest working voltage is U max .
  • U max the highest working voltage of the DC voltage undervoltage of the link unit and reported to the main controller 1;
  • ⁇ As the DC voltage overvoltage of the link unit, it is reported to the main controller 1.
  • the failure detecting circuit 212 detects the input voltage of the unit
  • the U PU, U UM, U PV, and u VM are lower than U
  • the first detecting unit 2121, the second detecting unit 2122, the third detecting unit 2123, and the fourth detecting unit 2124 are not turned on, and the F1 is not turned on, F1
  • the terminal, F2 terminal, F3 terminal and F4 terminal output a high level.
  • the voltage U PM across the capacitor C in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 is in a normal working state, and the open circuit fault and short-circuit fault detecting method of the switching device are described in detail.
  • the principle of fault detection of the switching device in the fault detecting circuit 212 proposed by the present invention is as follows: The short circuit fault detection of the switching device is performed when the gate trigger pulse of the switching device is blocked. When a short circuit fault occurs in the switching device S1, the voltage U PM across the capacitor C in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 is directly applied to the U terminal and the M terminal of the second detecting unit 2122, and the photoelectric isolation module in the second detecting unit 2122 2125 is turned on, and the F2 terminal of the second detecting unit 2122 outputs a low level.
  • the F1 terminal of the first detecting unit 2121 outputs a low level; when the short-circuit fault occurs in the switching device S3, the F4 terminal of the fourth detecting unit 2124 outputs a low level; when the switching device When a short circuit fault occurs in S4, the F3 terminal of the third detecting unit 2123 outputs a low level.
  • the capacitor C in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 is discharged, U The PM becomes 0, causing the undervoltage failure of the link unit, reporting to the main controller 1, and other cases of the switching device short-circuit fault or combined short-circuit fault, passing the inspection
  • the open circuit fault detection of the switching devices S1 ⁇ S4 is performed in real time under the normal operation of the gate trigger pulse of the switching device.
  • 8 shows waveforms of the F1 terminal of the first detecting unit 2121 and the F2 terminal of the second detecting unit 2122 when the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 are not open-circuited (due to the delay of the detecting unit and the turning-on and turn-off of the switching device)
  • the transition process does not affect the analysis result of the method, so the influence of this part is not considered in the analysis), wherein the signals of the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 are ⁇ "representing that the switching tube is turned on, and the signals of the switching device S1 and the switching device S2 are "0” means the switch tube is turned off; the signals at the F1 and F2 terminals are ⁇ " for high level, and the signals for F1 and F2 are "0" for low level.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the high level and the low level of the signal at the F1 end correspond to the turn-off and turn-on of the switching device S2; the high level and the low level of the signal at the F2 end correspond to the turn-off and turn-on of the switching device S1.
  • Fig. 9 shows the waveforms of the F1 terminal and the F2 terminal in the case where the switching device S1 has an open circuit failure. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that when the switching device S1 has an open circuit fault, the signal at the F2 terminal is always at a high level.
  • Figure 10 shows the waveforms of the F1 and F2 terminals in the event of an open-circuit fault in the switching device S2. As can be seen from Fig.
  • the switching device S2 when the switching device S2 has an open circuit fault, the signal at the F1 terminal is always at a high level.
  • the same analysis can be made for an open circuit fault of the switching device switching device S3 and the switching device S4.
  • the unit controller 21 1 receives the pulse signal of the main controller 1 and the control command, and controls the output voltage of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the link unit 21 according to the pulse signal and the control command when the link unit 21 is normal.
  • the link unit 21 generates a short circuit fault or an open circuit fault of the switching device S1 to S4
  • the unit controller 211 determines the fault type of the link unit switching device
  • the fault information is reported to the main control.
  • the main controller 1 issues a corresponding bypass control command to the link unit 21 according to the type of the switching device failure of the link unit 21, and the unit controller 211 controls the switching device according to the bypass control command.
  • the opening of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the link unit 21 is short-circuited to achieve the purpose of bypassing the link unit 21; or when the link unit 21 is subjected to a DC voltage undervoltage and an overvoltage specific fault.
  • the unit controller 211 reports the fault information to the main controller 1, and the main controller 1 issues a bypass command to the link unit 21 according to the fault information, and the unit controller 21 1 controls the command according to the bypass control command.
  • the opening of the switching device causes the output of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the link unit 21 to be short-circuited to achieve the purpose of bypassing the link unit 21.
  • the DC coupling circuit 215 in the chain active power filter link unit bypass control structure includes two sets of diodes which are formed by two diodes connected in series in the forward direction and are connected in parallel with each other. Two diodes in reverse series connected in parallel and parallel to each other ( Figure
  • the input terminals of the two sets of diodes connected in parallel with each other are respectively electrically connected to the M end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the link unit and the M′ end of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the adjacent link unit.
  • the output is electrically connected to the 1 ⁇ 4_ input of the DC/DC power supply 214 of the link unit in which it is located.
  • the DC coupling circuit 215 includes three sets of diodes which are connected in series by three diodes in parallel and are connected in parallel with each other, and three sets of diodes which are reversely connected in series by three diodes and are connected in parallel with each other ( As shown in FIG.
  • the M, terminal, M" conduction connection of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the element is electrically connected to the V1-input terminal of the DC/DC power supply 214 of the link unit.
  • the DC coupling circuit 215 The input power provided to the DC/DC power supply 214 is more reliable.
  • a chain active power filter link unit bypass control method real-time pairing each link of a chain type multi-level inverter 2 of a chain active power filter
  • the state of the switching device in the unit 21 is detected, and the fault type is classified and judged, and the control of the non-faulty switching device in the link unit 21 where the faulty switching device is located is utilized to achieve the purpose of bypassing the faulty link unit 21. .
  • Step A The fault detecting circuit 212 detects the state of the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 in the link unit 21 in real time, and transmits the detected fault information to the unit controller 211 of the link unit 21 in which it is located;
  • Step B The unit controller 211 of the fault link unit 21 receives the fault information transmitted by the fault detecting circuit 212 for judgment and fault classification, and transmits and reports the fault classification to the main controller 1;
  • Step C The main controller 1 issues a corresponding bypass control command according to the fault classification reported by the unit controller 211 of the fault link unit 21;
  • Step D The unit controller 211 of the fault link unit 21 performs reasonable opening control of the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 according to the bypass control command sent by the main controller 1, so that the fault link is
  • the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 of the unit 21 outputs a short circuit, achieving the purpose of bypassing the faulty link unit 21.
  • the unit controller 21 1 of the fault link unit 21 performs reasonable opening control of the switching device of the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 according to the pulse signal and the bypass control command sent by the main controller 1 . Specifically, the unit controller 21 1 of the fault link unit 21 sends a switching signal to the non-faulty switching device in the single-phase full-bridge inverter 213 according to the bypass control command sent by the main controller 1 to make the switching device. S1 and the switching device S3 or the switching device S2 and the switching device S4 are turned on, thereby outputting a short circuit and implementing bypass control.
  • the control junction of the chained active power filter link unit bypass according to the present invention
  • the link unit of the faulty switching device can be bypass controlled to ensure the active
  • the normal operation of the circuit filter, stable performance, reliable, high utilization solves the problem that it must be taken out of operation and trouble-shooting before being put into use, and no additional bypass device is required, which reduces the extra cost and volume while achieving side by side.
  • the time spent on the road function is less than the time taken to complete the bypass function with the contactor and thyristor.
  • control method of the present invention can be used not only for open circuit and short circuit fault detection of switching devices, but also for other applications of chain multilevel converters, such as static synchronous compensators.
  • STATCOM static var generator chain link unit bypass control in systems such as SVG inverters

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构及方法，包括主控制器、链式多电平逆变器和与电网连接的电抗器；所述链式多电平逆变器主要由多个级联的链节单元组成；通过每个链节单元的故障检测电路对链节单元中单相全桥逆变器开关器件的状态进行实时检测，并对其故障类型进行分类判断，充分利用该故障开关器件所在的链节单元中非故障开关器件的控制来达到旁路该故障链节单元的目的。保证该有源电力滤波器工作正常，性能稳定、可靠，利用率高，解决了必须退出运行并排除故障后方才投入使用的问题，且无需额外附加旁路器件，减少额外的成本和体积，同时实现旁路功能所用时间少于采用接触器和可控硅完成旁路功能所用时间。

Description

一种链式有源电力滤波 B链节单元旁路控制结构及方法 技术领域 本发明属于电力系统动态无功补偿和谐波治理技术领域，涉及一种链 式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构及方法。
背暈技术
随着电力电子技术的发展，各种非线性电力电子装置在电力系统、 工 业（特别是冶金、 钢铁、 化工等 交通、 楼宇自动化及家庭中获得了广泛 的应用 ，并且其装置容量不断增大和控制方式多样化等，使得电网中电压 和电流波形畸变越来越严重， 电网中的谐波污染状况日益严重。 对于电网 中的无功功率补偿和谐波抑制 ， 国内外采用较多的是无源电力滤波器 ( passive power filter , PPF ) ,其结构简单、 成本低、 对于特定次谐波有 良好的滤波效果。 如冶金和钢铁等行业供电电网上，一般均安装 PPF ,容 量从几 MVA到几十 MVA ,它们对改善电网质量发挥了一定作用 ，但是其 滤波效果受电网阻抗和自身参数影响较大，且宜与电网阻抗发生串并联谐 振，容易引起事故，比如电容器烧毁，过电压、 过电流引起主开关频繁跳 闸，严重影响供电安全。 为了克服 PPF的不足，有源电力滤波器（ active power filter , APF )是目前研究和应用的热点。 与 PPF相比， APF具有以 下优点和特点：
1 .具有多种补偿功能，不仅能够补偿各次谐波，还可以动态补偿无 功功率和负序电流等；
2 .滤波性能不受电网阻抗的影响，不会与电网阻抗发生串并联谐振；
3 .谐波补偿特性不受电网频率变化的影响；
4 .实现了谐波动态抑制，能够快速响应谐波的频率和大小发生的变 化； 5 . 由于装置本身的输出能力有限，即使系统谐波含量增大也不会出 现过载现象；
6 .具有良好的性价比， 一台 APF可以完成多次谐波治理；
7 .可以对一个谐波源单独治理，也可以同时对多个谐波源进行集中 治理。
正因为 APF具有很多优点和特点，越来越被用户接受和采用。由于受 目前电力电子开关器件的限制， APF常用于低压供电系统谐波治理场合。 对于中、 高压大容量谐波治理场合， APF主电路一般需要采用开关器件的 串、 并联，多重化和多电平技术。 采用开关器件的串、 并联需要解决器件 的动态均压、均流问题；多重化技术中采用的变压器具有饱和性和非线性， 带来控制复杂、保护困难等问题；采用多电平技术是提高 APF容量的一个 重要的研究方向。
1996年， F. Z. Peng,和 J. S. Lai等人在 "A Multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC source for Static Var Generation ( IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32(5):1 130-1138 )，，文中提 出了链式多电平逆变器的拓补结构，将这种拓扑结构应用于 APF中 ，构成 链式有源电力滤波器可以显著提高 APF装置的容量和耐压等级，可不通过 升压变压器用于中高压大容量非线性负载的谐波补偿，具有广阔的应用前 景。
链式 APF的主电路是链式多电平逆变器，每一相都是一个独立的链， 由结构完全相同的多个链节单元级联组成，每个链节单元是一个可输出三 电平的单相全桥逆变器及其控制单元组成。随着链节单元级联数目的增加， 装置的容量和耐压等级也相应增加。 然而大量的使用开关器件必然会增加 故障发生的概率，这就有必要增加冗余链节单元， 当少于或者等于冗余个 数链节单元故障时，故障链节单元能被旁路，装置在故障链节单元旁路后 继续运行，提高装置的利用率和可靠性。 因此每个链节单元有必要设计简 单、 经济、 可靠的旁路结构。
中国专利 201010624231.1和中国专利 201020700497.5提供一种采 用机械开关的链式 STATCOM链节单元旁路结构，选用特殊设计的机械开 关作为链节单元的旁路结构，该电路结构简单，选用原件数量小，安装操 作方便。 中国专利 201010261610.9提供了一种采用接触器作为变频器链 节单元的旁路结构。 中 国专利 200520050490.2、 中 国专利 200810113842.2、 中国专利 200810113844.1 均采用可控硅作为链节单 元的旁路结构。 以上旁路结构均采用增加功率器件来完成链节单元旁路， 这样增加了额外的成本和体积； 同时采用接触器或者可控硅作为旁路的执 行器件，完成旁路功能需要的时间较长。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种在任何一个开 关器件出现故障时均可对链节单元进行旁路控制，性能稳定、 可靠，利用 率高，且可减少额外的成本和体积，同时实现旁路功能所用时间少的链式 有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构及基于该旁路控制结构的控制方 法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构，包括主控制器、 一 用于产生补偿电压并可对其链节单元旁路控制的链式多电平逆变器和一用 于产生补偿电流的并与电网连接的电抗器；所述链式多电平逆变器主要由 两个以上的级联的链节单元组成；每个所述链节单元均包含单元控制器、 故障检测电路、单相全桥逆变器、 DC/DC电源和直流耦合电路，所述单元 控制器与所述主控制器、 故障检测电路和单相全桥逆变器连接，所述直流 耦合电路的输入端与其所在的链节单元的直流电压两端和邻近的链节单元 的直流电压两端电连接，所述 DC/DC 电源的输入端与所述直流耦合电路 的输出端电连接，所述 DC/DC 电源的输出端与所述单元控制器电连接， 供给各组成部件的工作电源。
进一步地，所述单相全桥逆变器主要由四个开关器件 S1 ~ S4、 四个 二极管 D1 ~ D4和一个电容 C组成，所述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2、所 述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4分别串联连接，且串联连接的所述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2与串联连接的所述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4并联连 接，并且四个所述开关器件 S1 ~ S4与四个所述二极管 D1 ~ D4依次一对 一地反并联连接；其中所述开关器件 S1的集电极与二极管 D1的阴极相连 接的一端为 P端，所述开关器件 S2的发射极与二极管 D2的阳极相连接 的一端为 M端，所述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2及其反并联的二极管 D1 和二极管 D2串联电路的中点为 U端，所述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4 及其反并联的二极管 D3和二极管 D4串联电路的中点为 V端，所述 P端 和 M端分别与所述电容 C的正端和负端相连接，同时所述 P端和 M端还 与所述 U端和 V端一并与所述故障检测电路相连接。
进一步地，所述故障检测电路包括有四组电路结构相同的第一检测单 元、 第二检测单元、 第三检测单元和第四检测单元，每组所述检测单元均 主要由一个光电隔离模块、 四个二极管 D5 ~ D8、 四个电阻 R1 ~ R4和两 个电容 C1和 C2组成，所述二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 电阻 R1和电阻 R3 依次导通连接在所述光电隔离模块的其中一个输入端上，所述光电隔离模 块的另一个输入端上导通连接有所述二极管 D8 ,所述电阻 R2、 二极管 D7和电容 C1的两端均分别与所述光电隔离模块的两个输入端导通连接， 彼此并联连接，且所述电阻 R2和二极管 D7的一端连接在所述电阻 R1和 电阻 R3之间 ，所述电容 C1的一端连接在所述电阻 R3和所述光电隔离模 块的输入端之间 ，所述光电隔离模块的其中一个输出端导通连接有所述电 阻 R4 ,另一输出端接 5V工作电源的负端，所述电容 C2的两端分别与所 述光电隔离模块的两个输出端导通连接；其中所述第一检测单元的输入端 与所述单相全桥逆变器的 p端和 u端导通连接，所述第二检测单元的输入 端与所述单相全桥逆变器的 U端和 M端导通连接，所述第三检测单元的 输入端与所述单相全桥逆变器的 P端和 V端导通连接，所述第四检测单元 的输入端与所述单相全桥逆变器的 V端和 M端导通连接，而且所述第一检 测单元、第二检测单元、第三检测单元和第四检测单元的输出端分别是 F1 端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端，并与所述单元控制器导通连接。
进一步地，所述直流耦合电路包括有由两个二极管正向串联而成且相 互并联的两组二极管和由两个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的两组二极 管；其中所述由两个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的两组二极管的输入 端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 P端和邻近链节单元的单相 全桥逆变器的 P' 端导通连接，输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC 电 源的 V1+输入端导通连接；所述由两个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的 两组二极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 M 端和 邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 M' 端导通连接，输出端均与其所在链 节单元的 DC/DC电源的 Vi_输入端导通连接。
进一步地，所述直流耦合电路优选方案包括有由三个二极管正向串联 而成且相互并联的三组二极管和由三个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的 三组二极管；其中所述由三个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的三组二极 管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 P端和两个邻近链 节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 P' 端、 P"导通连接，输出端均与其所在链 节单元的 DC/DC电源的 V1+输入端导通连接；所述由三个二极管反向串联 而成且相互并联的三组二极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥 逆变器的 M端和两个邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器的 M' 端、 M"导通 连接，输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源的 ¼_输入端导通连接。
一种基于所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构的控制方 法，实时地对链式有源电力滤波器的链式多电平逆变器中每一链节单元中 开关器件的状态进行检测，并对其故障类型进行分类判断，充分利用该故 障开关器件所在的链节单元中非故障开关器件的控制来达到旁路该故障链 节单元的目的。
进一步地，本控制方法包括有以下步骤：
a.故障检测电路实时检测其所在链节单元中单相全桥逆变器的开关器 件的状态；
b.该故障链节单元的单元控制器对故障检测电路所检测到的故障信息 进行判断和故障分类；
c.主控制器根据故障链节单元的单元控制器上报的故障分类发出相应 的旁路控制命令；
d . 该故障链节单元的单元控制器根据接收到主控制器发出的旁路控 制命令对单相全桥逆变器的开关器件进行合理的开通控制，使该故障链节 单元的单相全桥逆变器输出短路，实现旁路该故障链节单元的目的。
进一步地，所述该故障链节单元的单元控制器根据接收到主控制器发 出的旁路控制命令对单相全桥逆变器的开关器件进行合理的开通控制，具 体为 ：该故障链节单元的单元控制器根据接收到主控制器发出的旁路控制 命令向单相全桥逆变器中非故障的开关器件发出开关信号，使开关器件 S1 和开关器件 S3或者开关器件 S2和开关器件 S4导通，从而输出短路，实 现旁路控制。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过上述技术方案，在任何一个开关器件出现短路和开路故障 及其它特定故障时，均可对该出现故障的开关器件所在的链节单元进行旁 路控制，保证了该有源电路滤波器的正常工作，性能稳定、 可靠，利用率 高，解决了必须退出运行并排除故障后方才投入使用的问题，而且无需额 外附加旁路器件，减少了额外的成本和体积，同时实现旁路功能所用时间 少于采用接触器和可控硅完成旁路功能所用时间。 同时本发明所述的控制 方法不仅可以用于开关器件开路和短路故障检测，还适用于链式多电平变 换器的其它应用场合，如静止同步补偿器（ STATCOM 静止无功发生器 ( SVG 变频器等系统中的链节单元旁路控制。
附图说明
图 1是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例的结构示意图 ；
图 2是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中链节单元与主控制器的结构示意图 ；
图 3是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中单相全桥逆变器的结构示意图 ；
图 4是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中故障检测电路的结构示意图 ；
图 5是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中单相全桥逆变器的门极触发信号波形图 ；
图 6是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中直流耦合电路的结构示意图 ；
图 7是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中另一直流耦合电路的结构示意图 ；
图 8是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中开关器件没有发生开路故障时的检测波形图 ；
图 9是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构实 施例中开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2发生开路故障时的检测波形图 ；
图 10是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构 实施例中开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4发生开路故障时的检测波形图 ； 图 11 是本发明所述一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构 的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白 ，以下结合附图 及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解，此处所描述的具体 实施例仅用以解释本发明 ，并不用于限定本发明。
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3和图 5中所示：
本发明实施例所述的一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结 构，包括有主控制器 1、 一用于产生补偿电压并可对其链节单元旁路控制 的链式多电平逆变器 2和一用于产生补偿电流的并与电网连接的电抗器 3 , 根据电网无功功率补偿和谐波治理的需要，多电平逆变器 2产生补偿电压， 通过电抗器 3后产生补偿电流，该电流注入到电网中 ，用于补偿电网中所 需的无功电流和谐波电流。 所述链式多电平逆变器 2主要由两个以上的级 联的链节单元 21组成；每个链节单元 21均包含单元控制器 211、 故障检 测电路 212、单相全桥逆变器 213、 DC/DC电源 214和直流耦合电路 215 , 所述单元控制器 211通过光纤与主控制器 1连接，还与故障检测电路 212 和单相全桥逆变器 213连接，所述直流耦合电路 215的输入端与其所在的 链节单元 21 的直流电压两端和邻近的链节单元 21 的直流电压两端电连 接，所述 DC/DC电源 214的输入端与直流耦合电路 215的输出端电连接， 所述 DC/DC电源 214的输出端与单元控制器 211 电连接，供给各组成部 件的工作电源。
本发明实施例所述的单相全桥逆变器 213主要由四个开关器件 S1 ~ S4、四个二极管 D1 ~ D4和一个电容 C组成，所述开关器件 S1 ~ S4均为 IGBT管，所述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2、所述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4分别串联连接，且串联连接的开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2与串联连接 的开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4并联连接，并且四个开关器件 S1 ~ S4与四 个二极管 D1 ~ D4依次一对一地反并联连接；其中开关器件 S1 的集电极 与二极管 D1 的阴极相连接的一端为 P端，开关器件 S2的发射极与二极 管 D2的阳极相连接的一端为 M端，开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2及其反 并联的二极管 D1和二极管 D2串联电路的中点为 U端开关器件 S3和开 关器件 S4及其反并联的二极管 D3和二极管 D4串联电路的中点为 V端， 所述 P端和 M端分别与电容 C的正端和负端相连接，同时 P端和 M端还 与 U端和 V端一并与故障检测电路 212相连接。
本发明工作时，主控制器 1向单元控制器 211发送的 PL代表单相全桥 逆变器 213中开关器件 S1的开关信号，经过单元控制器 211内的开关器 件驱动电路后给出开关器件 S1门极触发信号 ；主控制器 1 向单元控制 器 21 1发送的 PR代表单相全桥逆变器 213中开关器件 S3的开关信号，经 过单元控制器 211 内的开关器件驱动电路后给出开关器件 S3门极触发信 号 Sc ；为避免单相全桥逆变器 213中开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2以及开 关器件 S3和开关器件 S4直通现象，引入死区时间 ，开关器件 S2门极触 发信号 Sb和开关器件 S4门极触发信号 Sd逻辑（如图 5 ) ,其中 Ί "代表触 发开关器件导通 ,"0"代表触发开关器件关断。 主控制器 1 将运行、 停止、 旁路命令，以数据编码方式，通过 ST传递到单元控制器 211 ；单元控制器 21 1 将本链节单元 21 的开关器件的开路故障、 短路故障和直流电压欠压 和过压等信息，以数据编码方式，通过 SR传递到主控制器 1。
如图 4、 图 8至图 10中所示：
本发明实施例所述的一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构 中的故障检测电路 212包括有四组电路结构相同的第一检测单元 2121、 第二检测单元 2122、 第三检测单元 2123和第四检测单元 2124 ,每组检 测单元 2121 ~ 2124均主要由一个光电隔离模块 2125、 四个二极管 D5 ~ D8、四个电阻 R1 ~ R4和两个电容 C1和 C2组成所述光电隔离模块 2125 为 TLP521或 6N137芯片，所述二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 电阻 R1和电阻 R3依次导通连接在光电隔离模块 2125 的其中一个输入端上，且二极管 D5 ~ D7为（单极性或双极性）瞬态电压吸收管或者稳压二极管，其中二 极管 D5和 D6主要起到电压截止作用 ，只有施加在回路上的电压超过 D5 和 D6的稳压值时，光电隔离模块 2125中发光二极管才有电流流过，所述 光电隔离模块 2125的另一个输入端上导通连接有二极管 D8 ,二极管 D8 主要用于避免光电隔离模块 2125中发光二极管承受反向电压，所述电阻 R2、 二极管 D7和电容 C1 的两端均分别与光电隔离模块 2125的两个输 入端导通连接，彼此并联连接，且电阻 R2和二极管 D7的一端连接在电 阻 R1和电阻 R3之间 ，二极管 D7主要用于起到稳压作用 ，避免施加到光 电隔离模块 2125的发光二极管两端的电压过高所述电容 C1的一端连接 在电阻 R3和光电隔离模块 2125的输入端之间 ，所述光电隔离模块 2125 的其中一个输出端导通连接有电阻 R4，另一输出端接 5V工作电源的负端， 所述电容 C2的两端分别与光电隔离模块 2125的两个输出端导通连接，并 且所述电阻 R1 ~ R3 为限流分压电阻，主要用于限制流过光电隔离模块 2125中发光二极管的电流，所述电阻 R4是上拉电平电阻，所述电容 C1 和 C2为滤除高频信号的滤频电容；其中第一检测单元 2121的输入端与单 相全桥逆变器 213的 P端和 U端导通连接，第二检测单元 2122的输入端 与单相全桥逆变器 213的 U端和 M端导通连接，第三检测单元 2123的输 入端与单相全桥逆变器 213的 P端和 V端导通连接，第四检测单元 2124 的输入端与单相全桥逆变器 213的 V端和 M端导通连接，而且第一检测 单元 2121、第二检测单元 2122、第三检测单元 2123和第四检测单元 2124 的输出端分别是 F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端，并与单元控制器 211导通 连接。
例如：设定单相全桥逆变器 213中电容 C两端直流电压 UPM最低工 作电压为 Umm ，最高工作电压为 Umax。 υΡΜ ≤ υπηη作为本链节单元直流 电压欠压，上报主控制器 1 ； υ 作为本链节单元直流电压过压，上 报主控制器 1。当故障检测电路 212中检测单元输入电压 UPU、 UUM、 UPV 和 UVM分别大于 Umm ，小于 Umax时，第一检测单元 2121、 第二检测单元
2122、第三检测单元 2123和第四检测单元 2124中光电隔离模块 2125各 自导通，其 F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端分别输出低电平；当故障检测电 路 212中检测单元输入电压 UPU、 UUM、 UPV和 uVM低于 U匪时 ，第一 检测单元 2121、 第二检测单元 2122、 第三检测单元 2123和第四检测单 元 2124中光电隔离模块 2125不导通， F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端输出 高电平。 下面以单相全桥逆变器 213中电容 C两端电压 UPM处在正常工 作状态下，详述开关器件的开路故障和短路故障检测方法。
本发明提出的故障检测电路 212中开关器件故障检测原理如下： 开关器件的短路故障检测是在开关器件门极触发脉冲被封锁情况下进 行。 当开关器件 S1出现短路故障时，单相全桥逆变器 213中电容 C两端 电压 UPM直接加到第二检测单元 2122的 U端和 M端，第二检测单元 2122 中的光电隔离模块 2125导通，第二检测单元 2122的 F2端输出低电平。 同理，当开关器件 S2出现短路故障时，第一检测单元 2121的 F1端输出 低电平；当开关器件 S3出现短路故障时，第四检测单元 2124的 F4端输 出低电平；当开关器件 S4出现短路故障时，第三检测单元 2123的 F3端 输出低电平。 对于单相全桥逆变器 213中同一桥臂的开关器件 S1和开关 器件 S2或开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4同时出现短路故障，会造成单相全 桥逆变器 213中电容 C放电， UPM变为 0 ,造成本链节单元欠压故障，上 报主控制器 1 ,其它情况的开关器件短路故障或者组合短路故障，通过检 测 F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端的高低电平状态，就可以判断相应开关器 件的是否出现短路故障。
开关器件 S1 ~ S4的开路故障检测是在开关器件门极触发脉冲正常动 作情况下进行实时判断。图 8给出了开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2没有发生 开路故障时第一检测单元 2121的 F1端和第二检测单元 2122 的 F2端的 波形（因检测单元的延时以及开关器件的开通和关断过渡过程不影响本方 法的分析结果，因此分析时不考虑这部分的影响），其中开关器件 S1和开 关器件 S2的信号为 Ί "代表开关管子导通，开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2的 信号为 "0"代表开关管子关断； F1 端和 F2端的信号为 Ί"代表高电平， F1 端和 F2端的信号为" 0"代表低电平。从图 8可以看出， F1端的信号的高电 平和低电平与开关器件 S2的关断和开通相对应； F2端的信号的高电平和 低电平与开关器件 S1的关断和开通相对应。图 9给出了开关器件 S1发生 开路故障情况下 F1端和 F2端的波形。 从图 9可以看出 ，开关器件 S1发 生开路故障时， F2端的信号总是处于高电平。 图 10给出了开关器件 S2 发生开路故障情况下 F1端和 F2端的波形。 从图 10可以看出，开关器件 S2发生开路故障时， F1端的信号总是处于高电平。 同理，对于开关器件 开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4发生开路故障可以做出相同分析。对于单相全 桥逆变器 213中开关器件开路故障，通过检测 F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4 端的高低电平状态，与开关器件的触发信号 Sb、 Sa、 Sd和 比较，就可 以判断相应开关器件的是否出现开路故障。 这样可以在一个开关周期内， 判断出开关器件的开路故障，实现了开关器件开路故障的快速检测。
单元控制器 21 1接收主控制器 1的脉冲信号以及控制命令，当链节单 元 21正常时，根据脉冲信号和控制命令，控制本链节单元 21的单相全桥 逆变器 213输出补偿电压；当链节单元 21发生开关器件 S1 ~ S4短路故 障或者开路故障时，经过故障检测电路 212 ,并由单元控制器 211判断出 本链节单元开关器件故障类型后，将此故障信息上报主控制器 1 ,主控制 器 1根据本链节单元 21的开关器件故障类型向本链节单元 21发出相应的 旁路控制命令，单元控制器 211根据该旁路控制命令地合理控制开关器件 的开通，使本链节单元 21 的单相全桥逆变器 213输出短路，达到本链节 单元 21旁路的目的；或者当链节单元 21发生直流电压欠压和过压特定故 障需要旁路时，单元控制器 211将此故障信息上报主控制器 1 ,主控制器 1根据该故障信息向本链节单元 21发出旁路命令，单元控制器 21 1根据 该旁路控制命令地合理控制开关器件的开通，使本链节单元 21 的单相全 桥逆变器 213输出短路，达到本链节单元 21旁路的目的。
如图 6和图 7中所示：
本发明实施例所述的一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构 中的直流耦合电路 215包括有由两个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的两 组二极管和由两个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的两组二极管（如图
6 ) ;其中 ，所述由两个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的两组二极管的输 入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器 213的 Ρ端和邻近链节单元 的单相全桥逆变器 213的 P' 端导通连接，输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源 214的 V1+输入端导通连接；所述由两个二极管反向串联而成 且相互并联的两组二极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变 器 213的 M端和邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器 213的 M ' 端导通连接 , 输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源 214的 ¼_输入端导通连接。这 样，当故障链节单元 21被旁路后，该故障链节单元 21的单相全桥逆变器 213中电容 C两端的电压变为零时，直流耦合电路 215将邻近链节单元 21的单相全桥逆变器 213中电容 C的电压提供给 DC/DC电源 214电能。
作为本发明一优选实施方案，所述直流耦合电路 215包括有由三个二 极管正向串联而成且相互并联的三组二极管和由三个二极管反向串联而成 且相互并联的三组二极管（如图 7 )；其中 ，所述由三个二极管正向串联而 成且相互并联的三组二极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆 变器 213的 P端和两个邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器 213的 P， 端、 P" 导通连接，输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源 214的 V1+输入端导 通连接；所述由三个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的三组二极管的输入 端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器 213的 M端和两个邻近链节单 元的单相全桥逆变器 213的 M， 端、 M "导通连接，输出端均与其所在链 节单元的 DC/DC电源 214的 V1 -输入端导通连接。 这样，直流耦合电路 215向 DC/DC电源 214提供的输入电源更为可靠。
如图 11所示：
本发明实施例所述的一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路的控制方 法，实时地对链式有源电力滤波器的链式多电平逆变器 2中每一链节单元 21中开关器件的状态进行检测 ，并对其故障类型进行分类判断，充分利用 该故障开关器件所在的链节单元 21 中非故障开关器件的控制来达到旁路 该故障链节单元 21的目的。 具体包括有以下步骤：
步骤 A.故障检测电路 212实时检测其所在链节单元 21中单相全桥逆 变器 213的开关器件的状态，并将检测的故障信息传送给其所在链节单元 21的单元控制器 211 ；
步骤 B.该故障链节单元 21的单元控制器 211接收到该故障检测电路 212传送过来的故障信息进行判断和故障分类，并将故障分类发送、 上报 给主控制器 1 ；
步骤 C.主控制器 1根据故障链节单元 21的单元控制器 211上报的故 障分类发出相应的旁路控制命令；
步骤 D. 该故障链节单元 21的单元控制器 211根据接收到主控制器 1 发出的旁路控制命令对单相全桥逆变器 213的开关器件进行合理的开通控 制，使该故障链节单元 21 的单相全桥逆变器 213输出短路，实现旁路该 故障链节单元 21的目的。
其中 ，所述该故障链节单元 21 的单元控制器 21 1根据接收到主控制 器 1发出的脉冲信号和旁路控制命令对单相全桥逆变器 213的开关器件进 行合理的开通控制，具体为 ：该故障链节单元 21 的单元控制器 21 1根据 接收到主控制器 1发出的旁路控制命令向单相全桥逆变器 213中非故障的 开关器件发出开关信号，使开关器件 S1和开关器件 S3或者开关器件 S2 和开关器件 S4导通，从而输出短路，实现旁路控制。
这样，通过本发明所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路的控制结 构及基于该控制结构的控制方法，在任何一个开关器件出现短路和开路故 障及其它特定故障时，均可对该出现故障的开关器件所在的链节单元进行 旁路控制，保证了该有源电路滤波器的正常工作，性能稳定、 可靠，利用 率高，解决了必须退出运行并排除故障后方才投入使用的问题，而且无需 额外附加旁路器件，减少了额外的成本和体积， 同时实现旁路功能所用时 间少于采用接触器和可控硅完成旁路功能所用时间。
当然，本发明所述的控制方法不仅可以用于开关器件开路和短路故障 检测 ，还适用于链式多电平变换器的其它应用场合，如静止同步补偿器
( STATCOM 静止无功发生器（ SVG 变频器等系统中的链节单元旁 路控制。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普 通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和 润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结构，其特征在于，包 括主控制器（ 1 X —用于产生补偿电压并可对其链节单元旁路控制的链式 多电平逆变器（ 2 )和一用于产生补偿电流的并与外界电网连接的电抗器
( 3 )；所述链式多电平逆变器（ 2 )主要由两个以上的级联的链节单元（ 21 ) 组成；每个所述链节单元（ 21 )均包含单元控制器（ 21 1 故障检測电路
( 212 单相全桥逆变 213 DC/DC电飒 214 直流耦合电 215 ) , 所述单元控制器（ 21 1 )与所述主控制器（ 1 )、 故障检测电路（ 212 )和单 相全桥逆变器（ 213 )连接，所述直流耦合电路（ 21 5 )的输入端与其所在 的链节单元（ 21 )的直流电压两端和邻近的链节单元（ 21 )的直流电压两 端电连接，所述 DC/DC电源（ 214 )的输入端与所述直流耦合电路（ 215 ) 的输出端电连接，所述 DC/DC 电源（ 214 )的输出端与所述单元控制器
( 21 1 )电连接，供给各组成部件的工作电源。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结 构，其特征在于，所述单相全桥逆变器（213 )主要由四个开关器件 S1 ~ S4、 四个二极管 D1 ~ D4和一个电容 C组成，所述开关器件 S1和开关器 件 S2、 所述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4分别串联连接，且串联连接的所 述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2与串联连接的所述开关器件 S3和开关器件 S4并联连接，并且四个所述开关器件 S1 ~ S4与四个所述二极管 D1 ~ D4 依次一对一地反并联连接；其中所述开关器件 S1 的集电极与二极管 D1 的阴极相连接的一端为 P端，所述开关器件 S2的发射极与二极管 D2的 阳极相连接的一端为 M端，所述开关器件 S1和开关器件 S2及其反并联 的二极管 D1和二极管 D2串联电路的中点为 U端所述开关器件 S3和开 关器件 S4及其反并联的二极管 D3和二极管 D4串联电路的中点为 V端 , 所述 P端和 M端分别与所述电容 C的正端和负端相连接，同吋所述 P端 和 M端还与所述 U端和 V端一并与所述故障检测电路（ 212 )相连接。
3.根据权利要求 2 所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结 构，其特征在于，所述故障检测电路（ 212 )包括有四组电路结构相同的 第一检测单元（ 2121 )、 第二检测单元（ 2122 )、 第三检测单元（ 2123 ) 和第四检测单元（ 2124 ) ,每组所述检测单元（ 2121 ~ 2124 )均主要由一 个光电隔离模块（ 2125 )、 四个二极管 D5 ~ D8、 四个电阻 R1 ~ R4和两 个电容 C1和 C2组成，所述二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 电阻 R1和电阻 R3 依次导通连接在所述光电隔离模块（ 2125 )的其中一个输入端上，所述光 电隔离模块（ 2125 )的另一个输入端上导通连接有所述二极管 D8 ,所述 电阻 R2、二极管 D7和电容 C1的两端均分别与所述光电隔离模块（ 2125 ) 的两个输入端导通连接，彼此并联连接，且所述电阻 R2和二极管 D7的 一端连接在所述电阻 R1和电阻 R3之间 ，所述电容 C1的一端连接在所述 电阻 R3和所述光电隔离模块（ 2125 )的输入端之间 ，所述光电隔离模块
( 2125 )的其中一个输出端导通连接有所述电阻 R4 ,另一输出端接 5V 工作电源的负端，所述电容 C2的两端分别与所述光电隔离模块（ 2125 ) 的两个输出端导通连接；其中所述第一检测单元（ 2121 )的输入端与所述 单相全桥逆变 213 )的 P端和 U端导通连接，所述第二检测单元（ 2122 ) 的输入端与所述单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 U端和 M端导通连接，所述第 三检测单元（ 2123 )的输入端与所述单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 P端和 V 端导通连接，所述第四检测单元（ 2124 )的输入端与所述单相全桥逆变器
( 213 )的 V端和 M端导通连接，而且所述第一检测单元（ 2121 )、 第二 检测单元（ 2122 第三检测单元（ 2123 )和第四检测单元（ 2124 )的输 出端分别是 F1端、 F2端、 F3端和 F4端，并与所述单元控制器（ 211 ) 导通连接。
4.根据权利要求 3 所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结 构，其特征在于，所述直流耦合电路（ 215 )包括有由两个二极管正向串 联而成且相互并联的两组二极管和由两个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联 的两组二极管；其中所述由两个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的两组二 极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 P端和 邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 P' 端导通连接，输出端均与 其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源（ 214 )的 V1+输入端导通连接；所述由两 个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的两组二极管的输入端分别与其所在链 节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 M端和邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变 器（ 213 )的 M， 端导通连接，输出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源 ( 214 )的 输入端导通连接。
5.根据权利要求 4 所述的链式有源电力滤波器链节单元旁路控制结 构，其特征在于，所述直流耦合电路（ 215 )包括有由三个二极管正向串 联而成且相互并联的三组二极管和由三个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联 的三组二极管；其中所述由三个二极管正向串联而成且相互并联的三组二 极管的输入端分别与其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 P端和 两个邻近链节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 P， 端、 P"导通连接，输 出端均与其所在链节单元的 DC/DC电源（ 214 )的 V1+输入端导通连接； 所述由三个二极管反向串联而成且相互并联的三组二极管的输入端分别与 其所在链节单元的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 M端和两个邻近链节单元的 单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的 M， 端、 M"导通连接，输出端均与其所在链 节单元的 DC/DC电源（ 214 )的 输入端导通连接。
6.一种基于上述权利要求 1至 5中任何一项所述的链式有源电力滤波 器链节单元旁路控制结构的控制方法，其特征在于，实时地对链式有源电 力滤波器的链式多电平逆变器（ 2 )中每一链节单元（ 21 )中开关器件的 状态进行检测，并对其故障类型进行分类判断，充分利用该故障开关器件 所在的链节单元（ 21 )中非故障开关器件的控制来达到旁路该故障链节单 元（ 21 )的目的。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的控制方法，其特征在于，包括有以下步骤： a.故障检测电路（ 212 )实时检测其所在链节单元（ 21 )中单相全桥 逆变器（ 213 )的开关器件的状态； b.该故障链节单元（21 )的单元控制器（ 21 1 )对故障检测电路（ 212 ) 所检测到的故障信息进行判断和故障分类；
c.主控制器（ 1 )根据故障链节单元（ 21 )的单元控制器（ 21 1 )上报 的故障分类发出相应的旁路控制命令；
d. 该故障链节单元（ 21 )的单元控制器（ 21 1 )根据接收到主控制器 ( 1 )发出的旁路控制命令对单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的开关器件进行合理 的开通控制，使该故障链节单元（ 21 )的单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )输出短 路，实现旁路该故障链节单元（ 21 )的目的。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述该故障链节单 元（ 21 )的单元控制器（ 21 1 )根据接收到主控制器（ 1 )发出的旁路控制 命令对单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )的开关器件进行合理的开通控制，具体为 ： 该故障链节单元（ 21 )的单元控制器（ 211 )根据接收到主控制器（ 1 )发 出的旁路控制命令向单相全桥逆变器（ 213 )中非故障的开关器件发出开 关信号，使开关器件 S1和开关器件 S3或者开关器件 S2和开关器件 S4 导通，从而输出短路，实现旁路控制。
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