WO2014101174A1 - 一种鉴别纤维类别的方法 - Google Patents

一种鉴别纤维类别的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101174A1
WO2014101174A1 PCT/CN2012/088025 CN2012088025W WO2014101174A1 WO 2014101174 A1 WO2014101174 A1 WO 2014101174A1 CN 2012088025 W CN2012088025 W CN 2012088025W WO 2014101174 A1 WO2014101174 A1 WO 2014101174A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
identifying
powder
fibre
type according
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PCT/CN2012/088025
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾立锋
张洪
张湘伟
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/088025 priority Critical patent/WO2014101174A1/zh
Publication of WO2014101174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101174A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/36—Textiles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J3/51—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands

Definitions

  • the present invention is a method of identifying fiber types and is an innovative technique for identifying methods of fiber types.
  • Identifying and correctly identifying the fiber category is a mandatory test for textile identification requirements at home and abroad.
  • the prior art is manually identified according to the appearance of the fibers (ie, the tertiary structure, which is often said). Since the appearance of the tip of the fine cotton fibers and the hemp fibers is the same, the manual is often misjudged; Each sample must be manually identified by more than 3,000 fibers, which is labor intensive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying a discriminating fiber type having a high accuracy rate and high discrimination efficiency in consideration of the above problems.
  • the invention has simple operation and convenient use.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: the method for identifying a fiber category of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
  • the colored fiber powder was analyzed by a computer image processing system to obtain data of fiber composition, fiber type, and blended content.
  • the above steps 1) to 4) are carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of -20 to +30 degrees.
  • the above step 1) produces the fiber into a fiber powder having a length of more than 1.5 mm.
  • the above step 2) sufficiently disperses and mixes the fiber powder in the coloring agent with an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • Step 3 above In the tool, the excess colorant is sucked away by the tool, leaving the ratio of the coloring amount to the amount of the fiber powder is 0:100% to 100%: 0;
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring agent is 50%: 50% to 100%: 0%.
  • the above steps 5) can also characterize the fiber color, feature recognition, fiber count, and diameter measurement using a computer image processing system.
  • the coloring agent is obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in an aqueous solution of iodinated E, wherein E is any one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of iodinated E is 100% to 1% of the concentration of the saturated solution.
  • the above amount of elemental iodine is from 0.00001 g per ml to saturation.
  • the swelling agent used in the above step 4) is a saturated aqueous solution of X, wherein X is any one of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine; and Y is any one of lithium and zinc.
  • Step 5 above When the fiber color is characterized by a computer image processing system, a color having a length greater than the maximum diameter of the maximum length of the natural warp and its vicinity is obtained.
  • the present invention utilizes a cotton/castor supramolecular structure (i.e., Often referred to as the secondary structure), choose the appropriate fiber expansion agent lithium chloride, lithium bromide, zinc chloride or zinc bromide.
  • the cotton swells and reacts with the iodine adsorbed thereon to form a blue color; the ramie does not swell immediately, and cannot immediately react with the iodine adsorbed thereon to form an adsorption.
  • the invention is a method for identifying fiber types by utilizing the difference in supramolecular structure of cellulose fibers, especially cotton/rice fibers, and the correct rate of identification is 97%.
  • the invention is a method for identifying fiber types with ingenious design, excellent performance, convenient and practical.
  • the method of identifying a fiber category of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • the tool is used to suck away the excess colorant, leaving the ratio of the coloring amount to the amount of fiber powder is 0:100% to 100%:0, wherein the total amount of one part is 100%, which means the component relative to the other component. Can be ignored.
  • the ratio of the swelling agent to the remaining coloring agent is 50%: 50% to 100%: 0%, wherein the total amount of one part is 100%, meaning that the other is relative to the other
  • the component is negligible and stirred to make the fiber powder fully contact with the swelling agent. While the fiber is swollen, the colorant adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and the fiber powder enters the surface of the fiber and the inside thereof, and the fiber powder is colored by the above process. ;
  • the colored fiber powder was analyzed by a computer image processing system to obtain data of fiber composition, fiber type, and blended content.
  • the above steps 1) to 4) are carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of -20 to +30 degrees.
  • steps 1) to 4) are preferably carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of from -20 to +20.
  • the above step 1) produces the fiber into a fiber powder having a diameter of more than 1.5 mm.
  • the above step 2) sufficiently disperses and mixes the fiber powder in the coloring agent with an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • Step 3 above The excess colorant is sucked away by the filter paper, leaving the ratio of the coloring amount to the amount of the fiber powder is 0:100% to 100%:0, wherein the total amount of one part is 100%, which means the component relative to the other component. Can be ignored.
  • Step 4 above Applying a swelling agent to the identified fiber powder, the ratio of the swelling agent to the remaining coloring agent is 50%: 50% to 100%: 0%, wherein the total amount of one part is 100%, meaning that the other is relative to the other The components are negligible.
  • the above steps 5) can also characterize the fiber color, feature recognition, fiber count, and diameter measurement using a computer image processing system.
  • the coloring agent is obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in an aqueous solution of iodinated E, wherein E is any one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of iodinated E is 100% to 1% of the concentration of the saturated solution.
  • the above saturated solution refers to a saturated solution in which iodinated E is dissolved in water.
  • the above amount of elemental iodine is from 0.00001 g per ml to saturation.
  • the swelling agent used in the above step 4) is a saturated aqueous solution of X, Y, wherein X is any one of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, and Y is any one of lithium and zinc.
  • Step 5 above When the computer image processing system is used to characterize the fiber color, the maximum diameter of the 1.5 mm long fiber and the color near it are obtained.
  • the specific working process of analyzing the colored fiber powder by the computer image processing system of the present invention is as follows: the computer first collects the image, extracts the fiber, and then separates the overlapping fibers, and then obtains the maximum position of the fiber diameter and the maximum color value of the extracted fiber diameter. Finally judge the fiber category.
  • the coloring agent used in this embodiment is obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in a saturated aqueous solution of sodium iodide. Specifically, 3.56 g of sodium iodide is dissolved in 2 ml of water, and 0.052 g of elemental iodine is added to obtain 3.6 ml of iodine-sodium iodide solution. The temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, plus 3.6X5 ml of water, complete.
  • the swelling agent used in this example is a saturated aqueous solution of lithium bromide.
  • the method for identifying a fiber category in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the fiber is made into a 1.5 mm powder, which is better than the maximum natural rotation of the identified fiber such as cotton/hemp.
  • the fiber powder is sufficiently dispersed and uniformly mixed in the coloring agent by an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring amount is determined according to the discrimination effect, and the fiber powder is sufficiently contacted with the swelling agent to be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and adsorbed while the fiber is swollen.
  • Iodine enters the surface of the fiber and its interior to form blue iodine.
  • the cotton is blue and the nettle is brown.
  • Fiber image characterization, feature recognition, fiber identification, fiber count, diameter measurement, composition analysis, and blend content testing were performed using a computerized image processing system.
  • the coloring agent used in this example was obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in a saturated aqueous solution of potassium iodide. Specifically, 2.88 g of potassium iodide was dissolved in 2 ml of water, and 0.052 g of elemental iodine was added to obtain 3.2 ml of iodine-potassium iodide solution at a temperature of 20 ° C, and 3.2 ⁇ 8 ml of water was added.
  • the swelling agent used in this example is a saturated aqueous solution of lithium chloride.
  • the method for identifying a fiber category in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the fiber is made into a 1.9 mm powder, which is better than the maximum natural rotation of the identified fiber such as cotton/hemp.
  • the fiber powder is sufficiently dispersed and uniformly mixed in the coloring agent by an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring amount is determined according to the discrimination effect, and the fiber powder is sufficiently contacted with the swelling agent to be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and adsorbed while the fiber is swollen.
  • Iodine enters the surface of the fiber and its interior to form blue iodine.
  • the cotton is blue and the nettle is brown.
  • Fiber image characterization, feature recognition, fiber identification, fiber count, diameter measurement, composition analysis, and blend content testing were performed using a computerized image processing system.
  • the entire process described above was carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of 0 °C.
  • the test should be carried out at the maximum diameter of the fiber.
  • the coloring agent used in this example was obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in an aqueous solution of lithium iodide.
  • concentration of the lithium iodide aqueous solution is preferably 1/6 of the concentration of the saturated solution, and the amount of elemental iodine is determined according to the discrimination effect, which is 0.008 g per ml.
  • the swelling agent used in this example is a saturated aqueous solution of zinc chloride.
  • the fiber is made into a 2.5 mm powder, which is better than the maximum natural rotation of the identified fiber such as hemp.
  • the fiber powder is sufficiently dispersed and uniformly mixed in the coloring agent by an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring amount is determined according to the discrimination effect, and the fiber powder is sufficiently contacted with the swelling agent to be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and adsorbed while the fiber is swollen.
  • Iodine enters the surface of the fiber and its interior to form blue iodine.
  • the viscose is blue and the cotton is brown.
  • Fiber image characterization, feature recognition, fiber identification, fiber count, diameter measurement, composition analysis, and blend content testing were performed using a computerized image processing system.
  • the coloring agent used in this example was obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in an aqueous solution of cerium iodide.
  • concentration of the aqueous solution of cesium iodide is preferably 1/8 of the concentration of the saturated solution, and the amount of elemental iodine is determined according to the discrimination effect, which is 0.01 gram per ml.
  • the swelling agent used in this example is a saturated aqueous solution of lithium fluoride.
  • the fiber is made into a 3.5 mm powder, preferably larger than the maximum natural rotation of the identified fiber such as cotton/hemp.
  • the fiber powder is sufficiently dispersed and uniformly mixed in the coloring agent by an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring amount is determined according to the discrimination effect, and the fiber powder is sufficiently contacted with the swelling agent to be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and adsorbed while the fiber is swollen.
  • Iodine enters the surface of the fiber and its interior to form blue iodine.
  • the above process was carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of 20 °C.
  • the test should be carried out at the maximum diameter of the fiber.
  • the coloring agent used in this example was obtained by dissolving elemental iodine in an aqueous solution of cerium iodide.
  • concentration of the aqueous solution of cesium iodide is preferably 1/10 of the concentration of the saturated solution, and the amount of elemental iodine is determined according to the discrimination effect, which is 0.015 g per ml.
  • the swelling agent used in this example is a saturated aqueous solution of lithium fluoride.
  • the fiber is made into 4.5 mm powder, which is better than the maximum natural rotation of the identified fiber such as cotton/hemp.
  • the fiber powder is sufficiently dispersed and uniformly mixed in the coloring agent by an ultrasonic cell disrupter.
  • the swelling agent is added to the identified fiber powder, and the ratio of the swelling dose to the remaining coloring amount is determined according to the discrimination effect, and the fiber powder is sufficiently contacted with the swelling agent to be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber and adsorbed while the fiber is swollen.
  • Iodine enters the surface of the fiber and its interior to form blue iodine.
  • the Tencel is blue and the nettle is brown.
  • Fiber image characterization, feature recognition, fiber identification, fiber count, diameter measurement, composition analysis, and blend content testing were performed using a computerized image processing system.
  • the above process was carried out under atmospheric conditions at a temperature of 30 °C.
  • the test should be carried out at the maximum diameter of the fiber.

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Abstract

一种鉴别纤维类别的方法，包括如下步骤：1）将纤维制成纤维粉末；2）将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散及混合；3）用工具将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量与纤维粉末量的比例是0%：100%～100%：0%；4）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，溶胀剂与留下着色剂量的比例是50%：50%～100%：0%，并搅拌，使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及纤维粉末附近的着色剂进入纤维表面及其内部，纤维粉末经上述过程着色；5）用计算机图像处理系统对着色后的纤维粉末进行分析，得出纤维成分、纤维类别和混纺含量的数据。该方法鉴别正确率高，鉴别效率高，是一种操作简单、使用方便的鉴别纤维类别的方法。

Description

一种鉴别纤维类别的方法
技术领域
本发明是一种 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，属于 鉴别纤维类别的方法的创新技术 。
背景技术
鉴别并正确标识纤维类别是国内外纺织品标识要求的强制性检测。就鉴别纤维素纤维而言，现有技术是根据纤维的外观形态（即：常说的三级结构）由人工进行鉴别，由于细棉纤维和麻纤维尖端外观形态相同，人工经常误判；同时，每个试样必须由人工鉴别3000根以上纤维，劳动强度巨大。
发明内容
本发明的目的 在于 考虑上述问题而提供一种 鉴别正确率高，鉴别效率高的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 。 本发明操作简单，使用方便 。
本发明的技术方案是：本发明的鉴别纤维类别的方法 ， 包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成纤维粉末；
2 ）将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散及混合；
3 ）用工具将多余着色剂吸走；
4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，并搅拌，使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及纤维粉末附近的着色剂进入纤维表面及其内部，纤维粉末经上述过程着色；
5 ）用计算机图像处理系统对着色后的纤维粉末进行分析，得出纤维成分、纤维类别和混纺含量的数据。
上述步骤1）至步骤4）的过程 在温度为－20度到＋30度的大气条件下进行。
上述步骤1） 将纤维制成长度为大于1.5毫米的纤维粉末。
上述步骤2） 用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
上述步骤 3 ）中，用工具将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量与纤维粉末量的比例是0:100％～100％:0；上述 步骤 4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，添加溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例是50％：50％～100％：0％。
上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统还能对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维计数、直径测量。
上述步骤2）所用的 着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化E水溶液获得，其中E为锂、钠、钾、铷、铯中的任一种，碘化E水溶液浓度为其饱和溶液浓度的100％～1％。
上述 单质碘用量为每毫升0.00001克至饱和。
上述步骤4）所用 溶胀剂为X化Y饱和水溶液，其中X为氯、溴、碘、氟的任一种；Y为锂、锌的任一种。
上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征时，获取的是长度大于天然转曲最大长度上直径最大处及其附近的颜色。
由于棉/麻等纤维素纤维一级结构（即：常说的分子结构）相同，而根据三级结构（即：形态结构）鉴别存在以上问题，本发明利用棉/苎麻超分子结构（即：常说的二级结构）差异，选择合适的纤维膨胀剂氯化锂、溴化锂、氯化锌或溴化锌等。在该膨胀剂作用下，棉发生溶胀，能与吸附在其上的碘发生碘蓝反应，呈蓝色；苎麻不能立刻发生溶胀，不能立刻与吸附在其上的碘发生碘蓝反应，呈吸附碘的黄棕色；而且，可控制着色碘浓度，使两者呈补色或接近补色，在计算机图像处理系统中对纤维最大直径处（棉、麻均有天然转曲，其最大直径处才能最真实反映其着色色度值）呈现的颜色进行提取、模式识别，最后由测试软件给出纤维类别（各种纤维根数）和纺织品中各种纤维的含量百分率。本发明是一种利用纤维素纤维特别是棉/苎麻纤维超分子结构差异鉴别纤维类别的方法，鉴别正确率达97％。 本发明是一种设计巧妙，性能优良，方便实用的鉴别纤维类别的方法。
具体实施方式
实施例：
本发明鉴别纤维类别的方法 ， 包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成纤维粉末；
2 ）将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散及混合；
3 ）用工具将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量与纤维粉末量的比例是0:100％～100％:0，其中一组份总量为100％，意味着相对另一组分的分量可忽略不计。
4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，溶胀剂与留下着色剂量的比例是50％：50％～100％：0％，其中一组份总量为100％，意味着相对另一组分的分量可忽略不计，并搅拌，使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及纤维粉末附近的着色剂进入纤维表面及其内部，纤维粉末经上述过程着色；
5 ）用计算机图像处理系统对着色后的纤维粉末进行分析，得出纤维成分、纤维类别和混纺含量的数据。
上述步骤1）至步骤4）的过程 在温度为－20度到＋30度的大气条件下进行。
上述步骤1）至步骤4）的过程 优选在温度为－20度到＋20度的大气条件下进行。
上述步骤1） 将纤维制成直径为大于1.5毫米的纤维粉末。
上述步骤2） 用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
上述步骤 3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量与纤维粉末量的比例是0:100％～100％:0，其中一组份总量为100％，意味着相对另一组分的分量可忽略不计。
上述步骤 4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，溶胀剂与留下着色剂量的比例是50％：50％～100％：0％，其中一组份总量为100％，意味着相对另一组分的分量可忽略不计。
上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统还能对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维计数、直径测量。
上述步骤2）所用的 着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化E水溶液获得，其中E为锂、钠、钾、铷、铯中的任一种，碘化E水溶液浓度为饱和溶液浓度的100％～1％。上述饱和溶液是指碘化E溶于水形成的饱和溶液。
上述 单质碘用量为每毫升0.00001克至饱和。
上述步骤4）所用 溶胀剂为X化Y饱和水溶液，其中X为氯、溴、碘、氟的任一种,Y为锂、锌的任一种。
上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统还能对纤维颜色进行表征时，获取的是1.5毫米长度纤维上直径最大处及其附近的颜色。
本发明用计算机图像处理系统对着色后的纤维粉末进行分析的具体工作过程如下：计算机先采集图像，再提取纤维，然后分离重叠纤维，再求纤维直径最大位置及提取纤维直径最大位置颜色值，最后判断纤维类别。
本发明的具体实施例如下：
实施例1：
本实施例所用的着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化钠饱和水溶液获得，具体是：将3.56克碘化钠溶于2毫升水，加0.052克单质碘，得3.6毫升碘－碘化钠溶液，温度是20摄氏度，再加3.6X5毫升水，配毕。本实施例所用的溶胀剂为溴化锂饱和水溶液。本实施例鉴别纤维类别的方法包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成1.5毫米粉末，以大于棉/麻等被鉴别纤维最大天然转曲为佳。
2 ）用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量根据鉴别效果而定；
4 ）加溶胀剂到被鉴别纤维粉末上，溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例根据鉴别效果而定，搅拌使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及其附近的碘进入纤维表面及其内部，形成蓝碘。
5 ）经上述着色过程，棉呈蓝色，苎麻呈棕色。用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维识别、纤维计数、直径测量、成分分析和混纺含量测试。
上述整个过程在温度为－20度大气条件下进行。测试应在纤维最大直径处进行。
实施例2：
本实施例所用的着色剂是将单质碘溶于饱和碘化钾水溶液获得。具体是：将2.88克碘化钾溶于2毫升水，加0.052克单质碘，得3.2毫升碘－碘化钾溶液，温度是20摄氏度，再加3.2X8毫升水，配毕）。本实施例所用的溶胀剂为氯化锂饱和水溶液。本实施例鉴别纤维类别的方法包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成1.9毫米粉末，以大于棉/麻等被鉴别纤维最大天然转曲为佳。
2 ）用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量根据鉴别效果而定；
4 ）加溶胀剂到被鉴别纤维粉末上，溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例根据鉴别效果而定，搅拌使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及其附近的碘进入纤维表面及其内部，形成蓝碘。
5 ）经上述着色过程，棉呈蓝色，苎麻呈棕色。用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维识别、纤维计数、直径测量、成分分析和混纺含量测试。
上述整个过程在温度为0度大气条件下进行。测试应在纤维最大直径处进行。
实施例3：
本实施例所用的着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化锂水溶液获得。碘化锂水溶液浓度优选为饱和溶液浓度的1/6，单质碘用量根据鉴别效果而定，为每毫升0.008克。本实施例所用的溶胀剂为氯化锌饱和水溶液。本实施例鉴别纤维类别的方法包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成2.5毫米粉末，以大于麻等被鉴别纤维最大天然转曲为佳。
2 ）用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量根据鉴别效果而定；
4 ）加溶胀剂到被鉴别纤维粉末上，溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例根据鉴别效果而定，搅拌使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及其附近的碘进入纤维表面及其内部，形成蓝碘。
5 ）经上述着色过程，粘胶呈蓝色，棉呈棕色。用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维识别、纤维计数、直径测量、成分分析和混纺含量测试。
上述整个过程在温度为10摄氏度大气条件下进行。测试应在纤维最大直径处进行。
实施例4：
本实施例所用的着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化铷水溶液获得。碘化铷水溶液浓度优选为饱和溶液浓度的1/8，单质碘用量根据鉴别效果而定，为每毫升0.01克。本实施例所用的溶胀剂为氟化锂饱和水溶液。本实施例鉴别纤维类别的方法包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成3.5毫米粉末，以大于棉/麻等被鉴别纤维最大天然转曲为佳。
2 ）用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量根据鉴别效果而定；
4 ）加溶胀剂到被鉴别纤维粉末上，溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例根据鉴别效果而定，搅拌使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及其附近的碘进入纤维表面及其内部，形成蓝碘。
5 ）经上述着色过程，莫代尔呈蓝色，棉呈棕色。用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维识别、纤维计数、直径测量、成分分析和混纺含量测试。
上述整个过程在温度为20摄氏度大气条件下进行。测试应在纤维最大直径处进行。
实施例5：
本实施例所用的着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化铯水溶液获得。碘化铯水溶液浓度优选为饱和溶液浓度的1/10，单质碘用量根据鉴别效果而定，为每毫升0.015克。本实施例所用的溶胀剂为氟化锂饱和水溶液。本实施例鉴别纤维类别的方法包括有如下步骤：
1 ）将纤维制成4.5毫米粉末，以大于棉/麻等被鉴别纤维最大天然转曲为佳。
2 ）用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
3 ）用滤纸将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量根据根据鉴别效果而定；
4 ）加溶胀剂到被鉴别纤维粉末上，溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例根据鉴别效果而定，搅拌使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及其附近的碘进入纤维表面及其内部，形成蓝碘。
5 ）经上述着色过程，天丝呈蓝色，苎麻呈棕色。用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维识别、纤维计数、直径测量、成分分析和混纺含量测试。
上述整个过程在温度为30摄氏度大气条件下进行。测试应在纤维最大直径处进行。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于 包括有如下步骤：
    1 ）将纤维制成纤维粉末；
    2 ）将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散及混合；
    3 ）用工具将多余着色剂吸走；
    4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，并搅拌，使纤维粉末与溶胀剂充分接触，在纤维溶胀的同时，吸附在纤维表面及纤维粉末附近的着色剂进入纤维表面及其内部，纤维粉末经上述过程着色；
    5 ）用计算机图像处理系统对着色后的纤维粉末进行分析，得出纤维成分、纤维类别和混纺含量的数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法和显色试剂 ，其特征在于上述步骤1）至步骤4）的过程 在温度为－20度到＋30度的大气条件下进行。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤1） 将纤维制成长度为大于1.5毫米的纤维粉末。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤2） 用超声波细胞破碎仪将纤维粉末在着色剂中充分分散、混合均匀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤 3 ）中，用工具将多余着色剂吸走，留下着色剂量与纤维粉末量的比例是0:100％～100％:0；上述 步骤 4 ）将溶胀剂加到被鉴别的纤维粉末上，添加溶胀剂量与留下着色剂量的比例是50％：50％～100％：0％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统还能对纤维颜色进行表征、特征识别、纤维计数、直径测量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤2）所用的 着色剂是将单质碘溶于碘化E水溶液获得，其中E为锂、钠、钾、铷、铯中的任一种，碘化E水溶液浓度为其饱和溶液浓度的100％～1％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述 单质碘用量为每毫升0.00001克至饱和。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤4）所用 溶胀剂为X化Y饱和水溶液，其中X为氯、溴、碘、氟的任一种；Y为锂、锌的任一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的 鉴别纤维类别的方法 ，其特征在于上述步骤 5 ）用计算机图像处理系统对纤维颜色进行表征时，获取的是长度大于天然转曲最大长度上直径最大处及其附近的颜色。
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