WO2014098843A1 - Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow - Google Patents
Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014098843A1 WO2014098843A1 PCT/US2012/070606 US2012070606W WO2014098843A1 WO 2014098843 A1 WO2014098843 A1 WO 2014098843A1 US 2012070606 W US2012070606 W US 2012070606W WO 2014098843 A1 WO2014098843 A1 WO 2014098843A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste heat
- heat recovery
- pump
- working fluid
- recovery apparatus
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a Waste Heat Recovery system based on a Rankine cycle, including a working fiuid circuit having a vaporizer/boiler heated by waste heat of an internal combustion engine, an expander, a condenser, and a pump for circulating a working fiuid through the circuit. More particularly, the invention is directed to a shutoff va!ve placed at the inlet side of the pump and controiied in the event a shutdown of working fiuid circulation is needed.
- Possible solutions include using a separately controlled electronic pump or a shut off vaive downstream of the pump; however, neither of these solutions will mitigate risk in the event of uncontrollable pump operation, actuator faiiure, or line failure between pump and actuator.
- an apparatus and method for controlling working fluid flow in a waste heat recovery apparatus includes a fluid shutoff vaive positioned upstream of a working fiuid pump to stop fluid flow to the pump, causing the pump to cavitate, when flow is not desired.
- the shutoff valve is operationally connected to a controller, which may be an electronic control unit as is known in vehicles, which is itself connected to receive signals relating to the condition of components of the waste heat recovery system, and responsive thereto, control the fiuid flow to the pump.
- the Figure shows a schematic view of a waste heat recovery apparatus 10 for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine in accordance with the invention.
- the illustrated example of a waste heat recovery apparatus is one based on the Ranktne cycle, and includes a working fluid circuit 12 to circulate working fiuid to the apparatus components, including a boiler 20, an expander machine 22, a condenser 24, an
- the boiler 20 is arranged in heat transferring contact (heat transfer being indicated by the arrow Q) with a source of engine waste heat 14.
- the heat source 14 may be any heat generating or handling system associated with a vehicle having an internal combustion engine, including the engine exhaust, engine coolant system, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGft) cooler, charge air cooler, engine oil cooler, or some combination of these.
- the boiler 20 heats the working fluid, which then flows to the expander 22 where work energy is extracted from the heated fluid.
- the work energy may be used, for example, to drive a generator, may be added to the engine drive shaft, or used to drive the pump 28.
- the exemplary waste heat recovery apparatus 10 includes a bypass line 30 to guide working fluid to avoid the expander machine 22.
- the bypass line 30 is controlled by a bypass valve 32 to direct working fluid to the expander machine 22, to the bypass line 30, or to divide the working fluid for proportional flow through both the expander machine and bypass Sine as required by the system needs.
- Other bypass iines may be included, for example, a tine bypassing the boi!er.
- the waste heat recovery apparatus 10 may include other va!ves and valve actuators to manage the f ow rate, pressure, and distribution of working fluid to the various system components.
- the condenser 24 receives the expanded working fiuid, which is cooled, condensed, and collected in the accumulator or tank 26,
- the pump 28 pumps the working fluid from the accumulator 26 to the boiler 20 where the cycle of heating and expanding repeats.
- the pump 28 may be driven by the expander machine 22 by connecting an input shaft 29 of the pump to an output shaft 23 of the expander machine.
- the input shaft 29 of the pump 28 may be connected to the drive shaft of the engine (not illustrated).
- a shutoff valve 40 is disposed in the fluid flow circuit betwee the accumulator 26 and the pump 28, that is, on the inlet side of the pump.
- the shutoff valve 40 is operated to control flow of the working fluid to the pump 28. Under certain circumstances it is necessary to quickly shut off fluid flow in the fluid circuit 10. By closing the shutoff valve 40 at the pump inlet, no working fluid flows to the pump 28, which causes the pump to cavitate and effectively stops the fluid flow at the outlet side of the pump.
- a controller 44 which may be the electronic control unit (ECU) for operating the waste heat recovery system or another controller on the vehicle such as the engine ECU, is connected to control the operation of the shutoff valve 40, The controller 44 is also connected to receive signals from the various components of the waste heat recovery system 10, the vehicle, and the internal combustion engine.
- the controller 44 may be connected on a common data bus with the other components, or may be directly connected to the components, as is convenient, in addition or in the alternative, the controller 44 may be connected to receive signals from an on-board diagnostics system that monitors the function of vehicle components, as Is known in the art.
- the signals provided by the components and/or the diagnostics system convey information to indicate a condition of components of the waste heat recovery apparatus, the engine, or other vehicle
- the controller 44 may include a memory storing trigger conditions and be configured to compare received signals to the trigger conditions to identify signals indicating the vaive is to be shut off. The controller 44 is thus programmed to receive the signals and generate a control signal for the vaive 40 responsive to the signals.
- a trigger condition may be indicated when the vehicle is stopped with the engine running for inspection or service to avoid exposing an operator, inspector, service technician, or others to high pressure fluids during engine service.
- the trigger condition may be a signal that the engine is running aiong with a signal that the parking brake is engaged
- the trigger condition is during engine braking, the waste heat recovery system being disabled during power absorption mode to avoid decreasing engine braking effectiveness.
- the trigger condition may be a signai that engine braking is activated.
- a trigger condition may be indicated for a malfunction of a vehicle system, the engine, or the waste heat recovery system.
- a ieak or rupture in the boiler 20 could allow working fluid (which may be a flammable fluid ⁇ to fiow into contact with the engine exhaust.
- a trigger condition here may be indicated by a pressure loss in the boiler.
- Another trigger condition may be indicated by an actuator malfunction, for example, a malfunction of the bypass valve 32 or another of the vaive actuators managing working fluid fiow.
- An abnorma! or unexpected pressure or temperature signal may be recognized as a trigger condition.
- Pressure and temperature may be monitored in ail fluid circuit legs, that is, the conduits between each of the pump, boiler, expander, condenser, and accumulator, by providing appropriate pressure and temperature sensors.
- a sudden pressure drop in one or more circuit legs indicates a possible Internal or external fluid leak, in the event of a pressure signal trigger, the shutoff vaive 40 and other flow valves are closed.
- An abnorma! temperature signai could indicate a malfunction of a system component, such as the boiler (abnormally iow temperature signal) or the condenser (abnormai!y high temperature signal).
- Another trigger condition is a malfunction of the internal combustion engine, which is described here as an example of an emergency shutdown situation.
- One type of engine malfunction that can affect the waste heat recovery system is a so-called "runaway” engine, indicated by an engine speed that exceeds an expected value for the current operating conditions.
- a runaway engine event may occur during downhill operation or may be caused by a fuel, coolant, oil, or working fluid leak into the intake manifold or power cylinder unit.
- a signal is sent to the Rankine control system to stop ail working fluid flow and enter a "safe" mode. The first action is to dose the shutoff vaive 40 at the accumulator 26 out!et/pump 28 inlet.
- Working fluid may leak into an engine cylinder by failure of an E6 cooler connected to a heat exchanger or boiler of the waste heat recovery apparatus. For example, a crack, burst, external object damage or the EGR cooler in which containment of working fluid is compromised may ai!ow working fluid to enter the EGR gas stream.
- all other control parameters are sent to a pre-defined safe condition. Fluid flow to the boiler 20 is stopped and sent to bypass loops. Valves admitting fluid to the expansion machine are closed and the valve 32 is controlled so that working fluid bypasses the expansion machine and is directed to the condenser and tank.
- Conditions in the system may be monitored using diagnostic methods of system and components, for example, the aforementioned on-board diagnostic system that monitors the engine response during working fluid shut-off. if it is determined to be possible to circulate the working fluid again, for example, signals indicating the fluid circuit under normal pressure, normal operation of the waste heat recovery system vviil resume. If, on the other hand, it is determined the runaway engine condition was due to working fluid entering the combustion chamber, a fault code is broadcast for the operator to service and repair the system. For example, after the valve shut-off, if engine function returns to normal, it can be assumed the runaway engine condition and a working fluid circuit abnormal condition are related.
- a diagnostic system could monitor on engine start-u the ability of the waste heat recovery system to maintain and hold pressure, where, the ability to retain positive pressure indicates no leak being present. Multiple diagnostic methods could arrive at the same conclusion.
- Other trigger conditions include Rankine system instability ⁇ inability of the system to respond to control system pressures, temperatures, and flows ⁇ , and inability of the system to control working fluid flow/pressure/temperature due to failed actuators or control algorithm error ⁇ the sensed temperature or pressure exceeds the allowable target for working fluid, o sensor failure causing faults, etc. ⁇ ,
- the invention has been described in terms of an illustrative embodiment and components., but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/649,779 US20150308318A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow |
BR112015014528A BR112015014528A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | apparatus and method of disabling a working fluid flow waste heat recovery apparatus. |
CN201280077913.2A CN104981593B (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Stop the apparatus and method of the working-fluid flow in waste heat recovery plant |
PCT/US2012/070606 WO2014098843A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow |
JP2015549328A JP2016507687A (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Device and method for stopping inflow of hydraulic fluid in exhaust heat recovery device |
EP12890430.7A EP2935818A4 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/070606 WO2014098843A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014098843A1 true WO2014098843A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
Family
ID=50978931
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/070606 WO2014098843A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Apparatus and method of disabling a waste heat recovery apparatus working fluid flow |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150308318A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2935818A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2016507687A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104981593B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015014528A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014098843A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016201338A1 (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Eaton Corporation | Start up and shut down control strategies for volumetric energy recovery device |
DE112017000291T5 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2018-09-20 | Scania Cv Ab | Method for controlling a heat recovery system and such a heat recovery system |
US10662894B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2020-05-26 | Scania Cv Ab | Method for controlling the temperature of a waste heat recovery system and such a waste heat recovery system |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101610520B1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Rankine Cycle System having Dual Fluid Circulation Circuit and Control Method thereof |
NL2015384B1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-27 | Daf Trucks Nv | System and method for detecting and counteracting diesel engine runaway. |
US9810129B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-11-07 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Integrated waste heat recovery and motor assisted turbocharger system |
SE540085C2 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-03-20 | Scania Cv Ab | A method for controlling a waste heat recovery system and such a waste heat recovery system |
SE541172C2 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2019-04-23 | Scania Cv Ab | A method and a vehicle for controlling a WHR-system in response to a determined recoverable energy of a downhill slope |
DE102017218971B4 (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2021-12-23 | Hanon Systems | Exhaust gas recirculation system |
US10920658B2 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-02-16 | Borgwarner Inc. | Waste heat powered exhaust pump |
SE542807C2 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-07-14 | Scania Cv Ab | An arrangement and a method for controlling a shutdown phase of a WHR-system |
US10888023B2 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2021-01-05 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp | Leak mitigation system for a cooling system |
DE102021213042A1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for operating a waste heat utilization device in a motor vehicle |
Citations (4)
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JP2008231981A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-02 | Sanden Corp | Waste heat recovery apparatus for internal combustion engine |
US20120216762A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-08-30 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Rankine cycle system and method |
WO2012123230A2 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a steam cycle process |
EP2532844A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Power generation apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
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JPH0988511A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-31 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Binary power generating device |
US7260934B1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-08-28 | John Hamlin Roberts | External combustion engine |
CN101187329A (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-28 | 林耀章 | Device for producing new energy using internal combustion engine waste heat energy conversion |
JP5018592B2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-09-05 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Waste heat recovery device |
JP5201227B2 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2013-06-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Rankine cycle system abnormality detection device |
US9086001B2 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2015-07-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method to control and diagnose an exhaust gas heat exchanger |
-
2012
- 2012-12-19 EP EP12890430.7A patent/EP2935818A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-19 BR BR112015014528A patent/BR112015014528A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-12-19 WO PCT/US2012/070606 patent/WO2014098843A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-19 CN CN201280077913.2A patent/CN104981593B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-12-19 JP JP2015549328A patent/JP2016507687A/en active Pending
- 2012-12-19 US US14/649,779 patent/US20150308318A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008231981A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-02 | Sanden Corp | Waste heat recovery apparatus for internal combustion engine |
US20120216762A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-08-30 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Rankine cycle system and method |
WO2012123230A2 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a steam cycle process |
EP2532844A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Power generation apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2935818A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016201338A1 (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Eaton Corporation | Start up and shut down control strategies for volumetric energy recovery device |
DE112017000291T5 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2018-09-20 | Scania Cv Ab | Method for controlling a heat recovery system and such a heat recovery system |
US10662894B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2020-05-26 | Scania Cv Ab | Method for controlling the temperature of a waste heat recovery system and such a waste heat recovery system |
US10662820B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2020-05-26 | Scania Cv Ab | Method for controlling a waste heat recovery system and such a waste heat recovery system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2935818A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
CN104981593B (en) | 2018-01-12 |
JP2016507687A (en) | 2016-03-10 |
CN104981593A (en) | 2015-10-14 |
US20150308318A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2935818A4 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
BR112015014528A2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
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