WO2014096688A2 - Signature prédictive de la capacité de biominéralisation d'une huître perlière donneuse de greffons - Google Patents
Signature prédictive de la capacité de biominéralisation d'une huître perlière donneuse de greffons Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014096688A2 WO2014096688A2 PCT/FR2013/053144 FR2013053144W WO2014096688A2 WO 2014096688 A2 WO2014096688 A2 WO 2014096688A2 FR 2013053144 W FR2013053144 W FR 2013053144W WO 2014096688 A2 WO2014096688 A2 WO 2014096688A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/124—Animal traits, i.e. production traits, including athletic performance or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of pearl farming.
- the present invention more specifically relates to a predictive signature of the biomineralization capacity of a pearler oyster donor grafts.
- the present invention also relates to a pearl oyster with high biomineralization capacity comprising the signature according to the invention.
- Pearl culture is a human activity consisting of the cultivation, in the wild, of pearl oysters Pinctada sp for the production of cultured pearls.
- the graft is a surgical operation in which the graft, a portion of the mantle of the donor oyster (about 4 mm 2 ) is inserted into the pearl pocket of the recipient oyster, in combination with a pearl ball, the nucleus .
- the mineralizing epithelial border of the graft multiplies and lines the pearl pocket to form the pearl sac that encompasses the nucleus.
- Said pearl bag deposits layers of mother-of-pearl around the nucleus, thus forming the pearl (Cochennec-Laureau et al, Aquatic Living Resource, 2010: 23, 131-140).
- US Pat. No. 7,163,795 describes a method for identifying oysters capable of expressing the Nacrein protein (a protein constituting mother-of-pearl and potentially involved in the biomineralization process), which can be used in pearl farming.
- This patent also describes a method for identifying optimal conditions for pearl formation, said method comprising analyzing the expression of Nacrein.
- pearl farming is traditionally practiced in the open sea, it is difficult to adapt crop conditions.
- Inoue et al. have described the relationship between the quality of the pearl produced and the gene expression profile of six genes involved in biomineralization within the pearl sac (Inoue et al., Zoological Science, 2011, 28: 32-6; Inoue et al. Mar Biotechnol, 2011, 13: 48-55).
- the results presented by Inoue et al. are the first demonstration that the level of expression of a gene involved in biomineralization processes can be correlated with the quality of the pearl obtained.
- the inventors carried out a large scale transcriptomic and proteomic study, and analyzed the relationship between (1) the gene expression profile and (2) the quality and growth (mother of pearl thickness) of the pearl during a transplant Experimental. This study allowed them to identify a particular genetic signature predictive of pearl quality.
- the present invention therefore relates to a predictive signature of the biomineralization capacity of a donor oyster donor, said signature comprising the expression profile of at least two biomarkers comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 at SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and fragments.
- said signature is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearls obtained and / or the pearlescent deposit rate around the nucleus by using said donor oyster.
- the present invention also relates to a predictive signature of the commercial quality of the beads obtained using a donor oyster and / or the rate of pearlescent deposition around the nucleus using said donor oyster, said signature comprising the expression profile in the coat of said donor oyster having at least one biomarker comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 27, 28, 36, 39, 40 and 42, their variants and fragments.
- the signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 11 and 14, their variants and their fragments, and said signature. is predictive of the commercial quality of the beads obtained using said donor oyster.
- the signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 8, 18, 23, 26, 27, 36, 39 or 40, their variants and their fragments, and said signature is predictive of the pearly deposition rate around the nucleus using said donor oyster.
- the signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 28 or 42, their variants and their fragments, and said signature is furthermore predictive of the number surface defects of the beads obtained using said donor oyster.
- Another object of the invention is an oyster donor graft of high biomineralization capacity, characterized in that it has a predictive signature as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a method for identifying a donor oyster according to the invention, in which:
- the present invention also relates to a method for selecting a donor oyster according to the invention, in which:
- step (b) comparing the level of expression obtained in step (a) with a level of control expression.
- Another object of the invention further relates to a kit for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprising means for determining the expression profile of at least one biomarker as described in the present invention.
- said means make it possible to determine the expression profile at the transcriptomic level by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, quantitative high-throughput PCR.
- said means make it possible to determine the expression profile at the protein level.
- Another subject of the invention is a graft characterized in that it has a predictive signature as defined above, said graft being a part of the mantle epithelium of a donor oyster according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a recipient oyster grafted with a graft as defined above, in which a nucleus is present.
- the invention furthermore relates to a method for producing at least one pearl of superior quality, comprising culturing at least one recipient oyster according to the invention, said oyster comprising the predictive signature of the invention and / or having been identified according to the method of identifying and / or selecting oyster according to the invention; as well as the pearl obtained by said process.
- the invention further relates to a biomarker predictive of the biomineralization capacity of a donor donor oyster, said biomarker comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and their fragments.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one biomarker comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and their fragments, to determine the ability of biomineralization of a donor oyster.
- the biomarker is selected from the list consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 27, 28, 36, 39, 40 and 42, their variants and their fragments.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one biomarker selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 11 and 14, preferably of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4, for predicting the capacity of a Oyster donor graft to produce pearls of high commercial quality.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one biomarker selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 42, preferably the sequence SEQ ID NO: 28 for predicting the capacity of a graft donor oyster. producing pearls with a low number of surface defects.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one biomarker selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, 18, 23, 26, 27, 36, 39 and 40, for predicting the ability of a donor oyster graft to produce pearls with a low number of surface defects.
- pearl culture human activity for pearl oyster culture pearl production generally belonging to the genus Pinctada sp.
- the oyster belongs to the genus Pinctada sp., Preferably to the species Pinctada fucata, Pinctada maxima or Pinctada margaritifera.
- predictive biomarker of the high biomaterializing capacity of a donor oyster is meant a nucleotide sequence, preferably a gene, whose expression profile in a donor oyster is predictive of the high biomaterialization capacity of said donor pearl oyster, and therefore is predictive of the quality of pearls produced using this pearl oyster as donor of grafts.
- the predictive biomarker of the invention comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the 42 nucleotide sequences of Table 1 below, their variants and their fragments:
- the predictive biomarker of the invention comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and fragments: CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), mpl I-2 SEQ ID NO: 28), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- CLEC3-1 SEQ ID NO: 4
- DERM-2 SEQ ID NO: 5
- MUCO-2 SEQ
- the fragments are nucleic acid sequences of more than 25 nucleotides, preferably of more than 50, 100, 150, 200 or more than 500 nucleotides.
- a fragment of a sequence SEQ ID NO: X corresponds to a nucleotide sequence of more than 25 contiguous nucleotides, preferably of more than 50, 100, 150, 200 or more than 500 nucleotides. contiguous of SEQ ID NO: X.
- a variant of a sequence SEQ ID NO: X is understood to mean any nucleic acid sequence comprising more than 25 nucleotides, preferably greater than 50, 100, 150, 200 or more than 500 contiguous nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: X.
- the term "variant of a sequence SEQ ID NO: X" is understood to mean a sequence comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: X and between 1 to 500, preferably 1 to 200, more preferably 1 to 100 additional 5 'and / or 3' nucleic acids.
- the term "variant of a sequence SEQ ID NO: X" is intended to mean a sequence exhibiting minor structural modifications and retaining the function of SEQ ID NO: X.
- minor structural modifications include but not limited to deletions, substitutions or additions of bases, affecting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 nucleic acids.
- the term "variant of a sequence SEQ ID NO: X” refers to a nucleotide sequence comprising more than 25, preferably of 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 or 3000 nucleotides having an identity of more than 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or more than 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% with the sequence SEQ ID NO: X.
- identity corresponds to a percentage of identity between two (or more than two) sequences. This percentage is defined as the number of positions for which the bases are identical when the sequences are optimally aligned, divided by the total number of bases of the smaller of the two sequences. The differences between the sequences can be divided randomly and over all their lengths.
- Two sequences are said to be optimally aligned when the percentage of identity is maximum. Moreover, as will become clear to those skilled in the art, it may be necessary to use additions of gaps (gaps) so as to obtain an optimal alignment between the two sequences.
- the percentage identity between two nucleic acid sequences can therefore be determined by comparing these two optimally aligned sequences in which the nucleic acid sequence to be compared can comprise additions or deletions with respect to the reference sequence for optimal alignment between these two sequences.
- the percentage of identity is then calculated by determining the number of identical positions for which the nucleotide is identical between the two sequences, by dividing this number of identical positions by the total number of positions in the comparison window and by multiplying the result obtained. by 100 to get the percentage of identity between these two sequences.
- the methods of determining the identity are designed to give the greatest possible concordance between the compared sequences.
- the percentage of identity can be determined by a particular mathematical model or by a computer program (generally referred to as an "algorithm"). Methods for calculating identity between nucleotide sequences are well known to those skilled in the art.
- Non-limiting examples of such methods include those described in the following documents: Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, AM, ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, DW, eds., Academy Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data Part 1, Griffin, AM, and Griffin, HG, eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academy Press, 1987; Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M. Stockton Press, New York, 1991; and Carillo et al., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48, 1073 (1988).
- Methods of determining identity have been described in publicly available computer programs.
- Preferred examples of methods using computer programs include, but are not limited to, the GCG software package, including GAP (Devereux et al., Nucl. Acid Res., 387 (1984); Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Altschul et al., J. Mol Biol 215, 403-410 (1990)).
- the BLASTX program is available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and other sources (BLAST Manual, Altschul et al NCB / NLM / NIH Bethesda, Md 20894, Altschul et al., Supra).
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- the Smith-Waterman algorithm which is well known to those skilled in the art, can also be used to determine the percent identity between two sequences.
- Predictive signature means a particular gene expression pattern, the presence of which in a donor pearl oyster is predictive of the high biomineralization capacity of said donor oyster, and therefore is predictive of the quality of the pearls produced and / or or the nacreous deposition rate around the nucleus using this donor oyster.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises from 1 to 42 predictive biomarkers as described above.
- donor oyster high biomineralization capacity is meant a oyster donor grafts for obtaining high quality pearls, and / or obtaining faster pearls of higher quality.
- a donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity makes it possible to obtain a pearl having a mother-of-pearl thickness around the core of greater than or equal to 0.8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 mm, less 24 months, preferably in less than 21 months, more preferably in less than 18 months.
- the donor oyster with a high biomineralization capacity of the invention leads to 100% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than 0.8 mm after 18 months of culture, and / or or obtaining 30.2% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than 1.5 mm after 18 months of culture. By comparison, in the absence of donor oyster selection, these percentages are respectively 80.9 and 13.4%.
- pearls of superior quality is meant a pearl having a nacre thickness characteristic around the nucleus (obtaining a pearlescent deposit around the larger nucleus with the same culture time), and / or a number of defects. at the surface, and / or commercial grade above or below predetermined thresholds.
- the quality of a pearl can be evaluated by 3 variables: a variable "mother of pearl thickness", a variable “number of defects on the surface of pearls", and a variable "commercial quality”.
- a donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity is an oyster having at least one predictive biomarker according to the invention and / or at least one predictive signature of the invention.
- the pearl thickness of a pearl corresponds to the thickness in millimeters of mother-of-pearl around the nucleus of the pearl. This can be measured, for example, by subtracting the diameter of the nucleus to the smallest diameter of the bead and dividing the difference in diameter by 2.
- the diameters of the beads and nuclei can be measured by computer from scanned pearls and nucleus images.
- a non-limiting example of analysis software that can be used to measure pearl size and nucleus is the ImageJ software.
- a pearl of superior quality has a mother-of-pearl thickness of more than 0.8 mm, preferably of more than 1.2 mm, even more preferably of more than 1.5 mm.
- the estimation of the quality of the pearls according to the number of defects corresponds to the classification of each pearl in a classification comprising 4 classes, according to the number of defects observed on their surface.
- the defects taken into consideration for this classification are punctures, blisters and comets.
- the first class comprises flawless beads; the second class comprises pearls having 1 to 5 defects; the third class includes pearls with more than 5 defects and the fourth class includes pearls completely covered with defects.
- a pearl of superior quality belongs to the first class relating to the number of defects, i.e. has no defect.
- the commercial quality of the pearl is assessed according to the surface condition (presence or absence of imperfections) and the luster (shine or brilliance) of the pearl, according to the definition given in the Deliberation No. ° 2005-42 of 4 February 2005 (Official Journal of Polynesia). According to this deliberation, the appreciation of the quality of the pearl corresponds to the classification of the pearls in 5 categories of quality, from class A to class D and to the class "Rebut". According to one embodiment of the invention, a pearl of superior quality belongs to class A.
- the term "approximately”, placed before a number, means plus or minus 10% of the nominal value of this number.
- the subject of the present invention is a pearly pearl oyster with a high biomineralization capacity.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, even more preferably more than about 95% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to about 0.8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to about 1.2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5 mm .
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain 100% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to approximately 0.8 mm, after a culture period of approximately 15 months. preferably about 16 months, more preferably about 18 months.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain more than approximately 30% of pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to approximately 1.5 mm, after a period of culture. about 15 months, preferably about 16 months, more preferably about 18 months.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 , 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% pearls with no surface defects.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain from about 10 to 20%, preferably from about 12.5 to 17.5%, more preferably from about 14.3% of pearls. showing no surface defects.
- the inventors have shown that the donor oysters usually used graft allow only about 5.2% of pearls having no surface defects.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, 20%, more preferably more than 30, 40, 50, 60 , 70, 80, 90% of pearls of category A and / or B.
- donor oysters high biomineralization capacity allow to obtain about 10 to 50%, preferably about 20 to 30%, more preferably about 24.3% of Category A.
- the donor oysters having a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain from about 25 to 70%, preferably from about 40 to 60%, even more preferentially from about 51.4% of category A or B pearls. the inventors have shown that the donor oysters usually used graft allow only about 4.6% of grade A beads and about 19.5% of grade A or B pearls.
- donor oysters of high biomineralization capacity (1) make it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months. month of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% of pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness of greater than or equal to approximately 0.8 mm, and (2) allowing more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, to be obtained, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% of beads having no surface defects.
- donor oysters of high biomineralization capacity (1) make it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months. month of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to about 0.8 mm, and (2) allowing more than 5%, preferably more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 to be obtained , 90% Category A and / or B pearls.
- donor oysters with high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain (1) more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% pearls having no surface defects, and (2) more than 5%, preferably more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 , 80, 90% Category A and / or B pearls.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible (1) to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months of culture.
- the donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity comprises a biomarker predictive of the biomineralizer quality, and / or a predictive signature of the biomineralizer quality.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a biomarker predictive of the biomineralization capacity of an oyster.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a predictive signature of the biomineralizing capacity of a donor oyster grafts.
- the predictive biomarker of the oyster biomineralization capacity is a nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list comprising the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42 presented in the table 1, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive biomarker of the invention comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and fragments: CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3 -1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14 ), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), mpl I-2 SEQ ID NO: 28), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- CLEC3 -1 SEQ ID NO: 4
- DERM-2 SEQ ID NO: 5
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list comprising the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42 presented in Table 1, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and their fragments : CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 11) ID NO: 27), mpl 1-2 SEQ ID NO: 28), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- CLEC3-1 SEQ ID NO:
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 or 42 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list comprising the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42 presented in Table 1, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and fragments: CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO : 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), mpl 1-2 SEQ ID NO: 28), C75bis ( SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO:
- the donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention makes it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% beads having a mother-of-pearl thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to about 1.2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5 mm.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the nacre thickness around the nucleus, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of Table 2, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the nacre thickness around the nucleus, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and their fragments: MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO : 8), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), C75bis (SEQ ID NO. : 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40).
- MUCO-2 SEQ ID NO : 8
- C46 SEQ ID NO: 18
- PIF-2 SEQ ID NO: 23
- C26bis SEQ ID NO: 26
- C54 (C53bis) SEQ ID NO: 27
- C75bis SEQ ID NO. : 36
- 2 SEQ ID NO: 39
- mp2-2 SEQ ID NO: 40
- the predictive signature is predictive of the nacre thickness around the nucleus and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 2, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 or Nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 2, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 nucleotide sequences selected from the following nucleotide sequences, their variants and their fragments: MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40).
- MUCO-2 SEQ ID NO: 8
- C46 SEQ ID NO: 18
- PIF-2 SEQ ID NO: 23
- C26bis SEQ ID NO: 26
- C54 (C53bis) SEQ ID NO: 27
- C75bis SEQ ID NO: 36
- 2 SEQ ID NO: 39
- mp2-2 SEQ ID NO: 40
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 , 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% pearls with no surface defects.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the number of defects on the surface of the pearl, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of Table 3, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the number of defects on the surface of the bead, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from nucleotide sequences mpl 1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 28) and Protinh2 - 1 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 3, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 3, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of surface defects and comprises the expression profile of 1 or 2 nucleotide sequences selected from nucleotide sequences mpl l-2 (SEQ ID NO : 28) and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42), their variants and fragments.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, 20%, more preferably more than 30, 40, 50, 60 , 70, 80, 90% Category A and / or B pearls.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of Table 4, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO : 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 4, their variants and their fragments .
- the predictive signature is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 4, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleotide sequences selected from CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), their variants and fragments.
- donor oysters of high biomineralization capacity (1) make it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months. month of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% of pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness of greater than or equal to approximately 0.8 mm, and (2) allowing more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, to be obtained, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% of beads having no surface defects.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus and the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of the table. 5, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus and the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 5, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus and the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 5, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus and the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 or 40 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a sequence nucleotide selected from Table 2, variants and fragments thereof; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 , 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 3, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus and the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8) , C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36) , 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), their variants and their fragments; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or I or 2 nucleotide sequences selected from nucleotide sequences mpl
- donor oysters of high biomineralization capacity (1) make it possible to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months. month of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to about 0.8 mm, and (2) allowing more than 5%, preferably more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 to be obtained , 90% Category A and / or B pearls.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of Table 6, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 6, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 6, their variants and their fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the thickness and commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or a 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 or 40 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 2, their variants and fragments; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 4, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 39) , mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), their variants and fragments; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleotide sequences selected from CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4
- donor oysters with high biomineralization capacity make it possible to obtain (1) more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% pearls having no surface defects, and (2) more than 5%, preferably more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 , 80, 90% Category A and / or B pearls.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of Table 7, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 7, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 7, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of in a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 3, their variants and fragments; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 4, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or 2 nucleotide sequences selected from nucleotide sequences mpl1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 28) and Protinh2-1 (SEQ ID NO: 42), variants thereof and fragments thereof; and (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleotide sequences selected from CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3 -1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), shem7-2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), their variants and fragments.
- donor oysters with a high biomineralization capacity make it possible (1) to obtain, in less than 24 months of culture, preferably in less than 21 months of culture, more preferably in less than 18 months of culture. month of culture, more than about 25%, preferably about 30%, more preferably more than about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, more preferably more than about 95% pearls having a mother-of-pearl thickness greater than or equal to about 0.8 mm; (2) obtaining more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% of pearls having no surface defects, and (3) obtaining more than 5%, preferably more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% Category A pearls and / or B.
- the predictive biomarker is predictive of the thickness, the number of defects on the surface and the commercial quality of the pearl, and comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences of the Table 8, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the pearl thickness around the nucleus, the number of defects and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile of at least one sequence nucleotide comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 8, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus, the number of defects and the commercial quality of the pearl and includes the expression profile of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 8, their variants and fragments.
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects, the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 or 40 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of nucleotide sequence selected from Table 2, their variants and fragments; (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or of I or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 , 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from Table 3, their variants and fragments; and (3) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence or I or a combination
- the predictive signature is predictive of the number of defects, the thickness and the commercial quality of the pearl and comprises the expression profile (1) of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of 1 or a combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26), C54 (C53bis) (SEQ ID NO: 27), C75bis (SEQ ID NO: 36), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 26), NO: 39), mp2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 40), their variants and fragments; (2) at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence of I or of 2 nucleotide sequences selected from nucleotide sequences mpl1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 28) and Protinh
- the predictive signature of the invention does not consist of the expression profiles of SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 42.
- the predictive signature of the invention does not consist of the expression profiles of SEQ ID NO: 42 or SEQ ID NO: 28.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises or consists of the expression profile of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- this predictive signature is predictive of the commercial quality of the beads obtained using a donor oyster with said signature.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises or consists of the expression profile of SEQ ID NO: 28.
- this predictive signature is predictive of the number of surface defects of the pearls obtained. using a donor oyster with said signature.
- the predictive signature of the invention comprises or consists of the combination of the expression profiles of SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 4. According to one embodiment, this predictive signature is predictive of number of surface defects of the pearls obtained and the commercial quality of the pearls obtained using a donor oyster with said signature.
- a donor oyster with a high biomineralization capacity exhibits an overexpression or a subexpression of at least one predictive biomarker with respect to a control sample.
- the predictive signature of the invention corresponds to overexpression or under-expression of at least one predictive biomarker within the biomineralizing tissue of a graft donor pearl oyster compared to a control sample as defined below.
- overexpression or subexpression of a nucleotide sequence with respect to a control sample corresponds to a difference in expression level of a factor greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater or equal to 5, more preferably greater than or equal to 10 and even more preferably a factor greater than or equal to 25 relative to the control sample.
- a donor pearl oyster with high biomineralization capacity exhibits overexpression or under-expression of at least one predictive biomarker compared to the control sample as defined below, according to Table 9 below.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 had Thickness +
- control sample corresponds to a set of grape-donor pearl oysters representative of the natural (wild) population of donor pearl oysters available to pearl farming professionals, and used in the grafting framework for commercial purposes.
- the "Group A” target
- donor pearl oysters producing on average pearls of superior quality (large mother-of-pearl thickness, few surface defects and / or better classification of quality)
- the “Group B” (control or calibrator) corresponding, according to this embodiment, to a set of pearl oysters grafting representative of the natural (wild) population of pearl oyster donors available to professionals of pearl farming, and used in commercial grafting.
- the quantitative PCR method is based on the use of fluorescent probes.
- the Ct corresponds to the number of the PCR cycle from which the fluorescence emitted by said probes exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the target DCt corresponds to the average of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers of interest and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for the samples of grafts or pearl pockets of the target group "A"; and the DCt calibrator is the average of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for graft or pearl pocket samples from the "B" calibrator group.
- the target DCt corresponds to the median of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for samples of grafts or pearl pockets of the "A" target group; and the DCt calibrator is the median of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for graft or pearl pocket samples from the "B" calibrator group.
- the present invention also relates to a graft derived from a donor pearl oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention.
- the present invention therefore relates to a graft comprising a predictive biomarker according to the invention and / or a predictive signature according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a grafted recipient oyster comprising a graft derived from a donor oyster identified by the identification method of the invention.
- the predictive signature according to the invention can be found in the perlier bag of said recipient oyster.
- said predictive signature in the recipient oyster is predictive of the number of defects on the surface of the pearl, and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence, preferably of 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 nucleotide sequences selected from CLEC2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 1); C9 (SEQ ID NO: 6); MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8); C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26); C54 (SEQ ID NO: 27); CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3); C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and Cbind-3 (SEQ ID NO: 19), their variants and fragments.
- CLEC2-2 SEQ ID NO: 1
- C9 SEQ ID NO: 6
- MUCO-2 SEQ ID NO: 8
- C26bis SEQ ID NO: 26
- C54 SEQ ID NO: 27
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- C18 SEQ ID NO: 14
- Cbind-3 SEQ ID NO: 19
- said predictive signature corresponds to an overexpression of CLEC2-2 (SEQ ID NO: 1), C9 (SEQ ID NO: 6), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26) and / or C54 (SEQ ID NO: 27), their variants and fragments; and / or a subexpression of CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3); C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and / or Cbind-3 (SEQ ID NO: 19), their variants and fragments.
- said predictive signature in the recipient oyster is predictive of the commercial quality of the pearl, and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence, preferably of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 nucleotide sequences selected from C3 (SEQ ID NO: 2); CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3); CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4); MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8); C2 (SEQ ID NO: 17); C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Cbind-3 (SEQ ID NO: 19), their variants and fragments.
- C3 SEQ ID NO: 2
- CALC-1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- CLEC3-1 SEQ ID NO: 4
- MUCO-2 SEQ ID NO: 8
- C2 SEQ ID NO: 17
- C46 SEQ ID NO: 18
- Cbind-3 SEQ ID NO: 19
- said predictive signature corresponds to a subexpression of C3 (SEQ ID NO: 2), CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8), C2 (SEQ ID NO: 17), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18) and / or Cbind-3 (SEQ ID NO: 19), their variants and fragments.
- said predictive signature in the recipient oyster is predictive of the nacre thickness around the nucleus, and comprises the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence, preferably of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 nucleotide sequences selected from CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4); DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5); MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8); C88bis (SEQ ID NO: 9); C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14); ProtinH3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 16); C17 (SEQ ID NO: 21); PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23); C6 (SEQ ID NO: 25); C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26); C54 (SEQ ID NO: 27); CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3); C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18); PMMG1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 29) and C35bis (SEQ ID NO: 38), their variants and fragments.
- CLEC3-1 SEQ ID NO: 4
- said predictive signature corresponds to an overexpression of CLEC3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 4), DERM-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5), MUCO-2 (SEQ ID NO: 8) , C88bis (SEQ ID NO: 9), C18 (SEQ ID NO: 14), ProtinH3-1 (SEQ ID NO: 16), C17 (SEQ ID NO: 21), PIF-2 (SEQ ID NO: 23), C6 (SEQ ID NO: 25), C26bis (SEQ ID NO: 26) and / or C54 (SEQ ID NO: 27), their variants and fragments; and / or sub-expression of CALC-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), C46 (SEQ ID NO: 18), PMMG1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 29) and / or C35bis (SEQ ID NO: 38) , their variants and their fragments.
- CLEC3-1 SEQ ID NO: 4
- DERM-2 SEQ ID NO: 5
- MUCO-2 SEQ ID NO: 8
- C88bis SEQ ID NO
- the present invention also relates to a process for identifying donor oysters with high biomineralization capacity.
- the method of identifying donor oysters with high biomineralization capacity comprises:
- step (a) determining the expression pattern of a predictive biomarker or predictive signature predictive biomarkers in a sample of a donor donor oyster, said signature being predictive of biomineralizer quality, and (b) the comparison of the expression profile obtained in step (a) with a control expression profile obtained within a group of pearl oysters donor of grafts representative of the natural population (group B "calibrator” ).
- the method of the invention comprises determining the presence of a predictive signature of the mother-of-pearl thickness around the nucleus, the number of defects on the surface of the pearl and / or the commercial quality of the pearl, as described above.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to compare the biomineralizing capacities of two groups of donor oysters ("target" group A and group “calibrator” B), and the level of expression of the group of donor pearl oysters "calibrator” B is used as a reference for the establishment of an expression profile within the group of donor pearl oysters with high "target” A biomineralization property.
- the analysis of the expression profile is performed on a donor oyster graft, preferably following the sampling step.
- the analysis of the expression profile is carried out on the graft donor oyster mantle before the grafting step.
- the analysis of the expression profile is carried out on the oyster pearl bag which has received a graft, after the grafting step.
- the determination of the expression profile is carried out at the level of RNA, of DNA and / or of the protein.
- the determination of the expression profile corresponds to the determination of the level of transcription of the predictive biomarker (s) considered (s).
- Methods for determining the level of transcription of a nucleotide sequence are well known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, the following methods: RT-PCR, RT-PCR Quantitative (RT-qPCR), RT -qPCR high throughput, DNA chip, RNA chip.
- the determination of the expression profile is performed at the protein level, and corresponds to the level of translation of the predictive biomarker (s) considered (s).
- the methods for determining the level of translation of a nucleotide sequence are well known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to the following methods: Western blot, immunochemistry , ELISA, ELISA Sandwich, PAGE ...
- the present invention also relates to an oyster identified by the identification method of the invention.
- the oyster identified has a specific expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and their fragments .
- the present invention also relates to a kit for determining the presence of a predictive biomarker according to the invention or a predictive signature according to the invention.
- the kit according to the invention therefore allows the implementation of the identification method of the invention.
- the kit comprises at least one means for determining the expression profile of at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list comprising the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO : 42, their variants and fragments.
- the kit according to the invention comprises a control sample corresponding to biomaterial tissue material biomineralisator (coat) pearl oyster donor grafts from the natural population.
- the kit according to the invention comprises means for determining the expression profile at the transcriptomic level by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, high throughput quantitative PCR.
- the kit comprises means for extracting total RNA, retro-transcription means, and / or means for amplifying at least one nucleotide sequence comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence selected from the list comprising the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and their fragments.
- the amplification means comprise a polymerase and a buffer, free nucleotides and at least one pair of primers, each primer of which hybridises specifically and efficiently with a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and fragments.
- the pairs of primers are selected from the pairs of Table 10 below:
- SEQ ID NO: 2 C3 ATTTCCACCACAGCCA CGTGGTACGGTGTGTC
- SEQ ID NO: 7 1 CAATAAATAAAATACG AGAAAATGCTGCTATT
- TGC (SEQ ID NO: 63)
- AACC (SEQ ID NO: 64)
- SEQ ID NO: 13 had TGCATTTCGCATTGTTG CATGTGCAGCCTCAAG
- TACG (SEQ ID NO: 69)
- ATTCG (SEQ ID NO: 70)
- CTTAC (SEQ ID NO: 71) AAATAG (SEQ ID NO:
- the kit according to the invention comprises means for determining the expression profile by determination of the expression profile at the protein level (by proteomic analysis).
- the kit comprises one or more antibodies specifically recognizing one or more of the proteins encoded by the nucleotide sequences comprising or consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and fragments.
- the kit also comprises means for extracting the total proteins.
- the present invention also relates to a device comprising a support comprising one or more probes specific for one or more nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and fragments for the implementation implementation of the identification method according to the invention.
- probe is intended to mean any single-stranded DNA fragment or single-stranded RNA whose sequence is complementary to a sequence This can be detected by hybridization with the labeled probe (by incorporation of nucleotides coupled to radioactive atoms / isotopes or fluorescent / fluorochrome groups), which acts as a molecular "hook”.
- the support of said device is selected from a glass membrane, a metal membrane, a polymer membrane, a silica membrane.
- Such devices are, for example, DNA or RNA chips comprising one or more nucleotide sequences identified under the numbers SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and their fragments, or one or more sequences complementary to the nucleotide sequences identified as SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 42, their variants and fragments.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for grafting recipient pearl oysters comprising inserting into the pearling pouch the recipient pearl oyster of a graft derived from a donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention, corresponding to the epithelium of the donor oyster mantle, in combination with a nucleus.
- the donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity has been identified according to the method of the invention.
- the grafting method comprises (i) opening the recipient pearl oyster, (ii) making an incision in the tissues of the recipient pearl oyster to access the pearl pocket and allow, in a third step (iii) the insertion into the pearling pocket of the recipient pearl oyster of a graft, corresponding to a portion of the epithelium of the mantle of the donor oyster according to the invention ( about 4 mm 2 ), in combination with a nucleus.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing a pearl of superior quality, comprising the graft in a recipient oyster, of a graft derived from a donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention.
- the recipient oyster comprises a nucleus.
- the pearl production process comprises the grafting of a nucleus in the pearling pouch of a recipient oyster, and the grafting of part of the mantle epithelium of a donor oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention.
- said pearl production process comprises a first step comprising the collection and rearing of pearl oysters to obtain donor pearl oysters according to the invention and recipient pearl oysters; advantageously, the donor pearl oysters according to the invention are then cleaned to remove any parasites; then the recipient pearl oysters are cultured, preferably for a period of 10 to 24 months, preferably 12 to 20 months, even more preferably 16 to 18 months.
- the external mineralizing epithelial border of the graft multiplies and lines the pearl pocket, to give a pearl sac encompassing the nucleus, and will deposit layers of mother-of-pearl around the nucleus, resulting in the production of a pearl.
- the present invention also relates to the pearl obtained by the process for obtaining pearls as described above, using an oyster of high biomineralization capacity according to the invention as graft donor oyster.
- Figure 2 Protocol used to validate candidate biomarkers of pearl growth and quality in P. margaritifera.
- the approach implemented consisted in developing a global approach to transcriptome analysis in order to identify nucleotide sequences differentially expressed in the epithelial cells of the tissues responsible for the biomineralization of the shell (coat) and the pearl (grafts and pearling bags in the pearl pockets) (Figure 1).
- the approach consisted in developing two complementary transcriptomic approaches on the mineralizing tissues (mantle, graft and pearl sac) and a global proteomic approach in parallel on the mineralized tissues (shells and pearls) of P. margaritifera.
- Four SAGE databases were set up on pearl mineralising tissues, grafts and pearl pockets, with the objective of identifying nucleotide sequences differentially expressed in terms of pearl oysters giving different grafts potentially associated with qualities. contrasting pearls.
- P. margaritifera pearl oysters were used for global transcriptomic analyzes, global proteomic analysis, and experimental grafting to validate predictive biomarkers of pearl quality.
- RNAs were isolated from a sample of cloak, graft or pearl sacs from the experimental graft and stored in RNAlater® (Ambion).
- the tissues were rinsed with ImL PBS, scalpel dilacerated in a petri dish on ice and then taken up in 1 mL of Trizol® (Invitrogen). The extraction was carried out on an agitator overnight at 4 ° C.
- the tubes were then incubated in a water bath for 5 min at 30 ° C and vortexed for 30 sec.
- the ground material was centrifuged at 12000 g for 10 min at room temperature, and 1 mM of supernatant was removed and transferred to a new tube.
- RNAs were precipitated overnight at -80 ° C 250 ⁇ ⁇ of isopropanol and 250 ⁇ ⁇ saline "High know" (0.8 M trisodium citrate, 1.2 M sodium chloride). The samples were centrifuged for 30 min at 15,000 g.
- RNA pellet was vortexed twice with 1 mL of 70% ethanol followed by a centrifugation step of 15,000 g at 4 ° C for 15 min.
- the pellets were then dried under a hood for 10 min at room temperature then taken up in 50 ⁇ ⁇ of RNAse-free water.
- the tubes were then incubated in a water bath for 10 minutes at 55 ° C., before being homogenized by hand.
- the RNAs were stored at -80 ° C.
- RNA 6000 Nano kit The quality and quantity of the RNAs obtained were evaluated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel in 0.5X TAE at 100 mV, and by spectrophotometric assay with Nanodrop ND1000 and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (RNA 6000 Nano kit). ).
- Synthesis of graft and pearl pocket cDNAs for the determination of the relative expression level of predictive biomarkers of pearl quality candidates was performed using 800 ng graft RNA and pearl pockets, using SuperScriptTM II Reverse Transcriptase kit (InvitrogenTM- Cat No.: 18064-014) according to the supplier's instructions.
- Measurement of the expression level of the candidate predictive biomarkers of pearl quality was performed by high throughput qPCR on the BioMark TM HD system (Fluidigm Corporation) using the 2XTaqManPreAmp Master Mix kit (Applied Biosystems - P / N 4384266 ) for the pre-amplification step and the 2XTaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix kit (Applied Biosystems - P / N 4369016) for the amplification step, following the supplier's instructions.
- Four Fluidigm 96.96 DynamicArray Real Time PCR chips (BMK-M-96.96) were used.
- the amplification program carried out is as follows: 2 min at 50 ° C.
- the target DCt is the average of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for the graft or pearl pocket samples of the "A" target group.
- the DCt calibrator is the average of the Ct differences between the predictive biomarkers and the 18S and SAGE1 reference genes for graft or pearl pocket samples from the "B" calibrator group, as described in the present invention. Evaluation of the quality of pearls
- the pearls harvested as part of the experimental graft were washed with coarse salt, rinsed in fresh water, wiped with a clean cloth and lustered.
- the variable "Pearl thickness on the surface of the pearl” corresponds to the measurement in millimeters of the minimum thickness of nacre present on the surface of the nucleus. This was obtained by subtracting the diameter of the nucleus at the smallest diameter of the bead and dividing the diameter difference by 2. The diameters of the beads and nuclei were measured from images of beads and scanned nuclei. (300 pixels / cm, EPSON perfection 4990 photo scanner) and processed with ImageJ image analysis software (version 1.44).
- the variable "Number of defects on the surface of pearls” corresponds to the classification of each pearl in 4 quality classes according to the number of defects observed on their surface (pearls without defects, pearls with 1 to 5 defects, pearls with more than 5 defects and pearls completely covered with defects).
- the defects taken into consideration are the stings, blisters and comets.
- a note ranging from 0 to 3 was assigned to each pearl according to the defect class to which it belongs (from 0 for pearls covered with defect to 3 for pearls without defect).
- the variable "Commercial quality” corresponds to the classification of pearls into 5 quality categories (A, B, C, D and Rebut). This classification was carried out twice in accordance with the criteria defined by Deliberation No. 2005-42 of 4 February 2005 (Official Journal of Polynesia). In a second step, a score ranging from 0 to 4 was assigned to each pearl according to the category to which it belongs (from 0 for the category pearls "scrap" to 4 for pearls category "A"). In order to highlight the donor effect, the ranking of pearl oysters graft donors in order of increasing quality according to each variable was carried out. This ranking was achieved by assigning a score to each donor pearl oyster based on the evaluation of the quality of pearls harvested at 18 months as part of the experimental transplant.
- Groups A target was performed by conducting an analysis of raw pearl quality and graft donor oyster grading data, a Dunn pairwise multiple comparison procedure, and an ascending classification. hierarchical. The constitution of these groups of donor pearl oysters then made it possible to define for each variable two sampling plans of grafts and pearl pockets at the origin of the production of contrasting pearls: a sampling plan of grafts derived from oysters donor pearls constituting groups A and B, and a sampling plan of pearl pockets from grafting of the donor pearl oyster grafts constituting groups A and B.
- the global approach to transcriptome analysis has made it possible to identify a large number of nucleotide sequences expressed within the tissues responsible for the biomineralization of the shell and the pearl.
- the constitution of the EST coat library allowed us to identify 82 nucleotide sequences encoding proteins potentially involved in the biomineralization of the shell in P. margaritifera.
- the constitution of the SAGE banks of grafts and pearl pockets has made it possible to identify more than 5,000 gene sequences annotated and expressed within tissues responsible for the processes of biomineralization of the pearl.
- the global proteomic approach implemented on the constituents of the shell and pearls made it possible to identify 130 protein sequences constituting the mineralized structures in P. margaritifera.
- a nucleotide sequence is considered to be differentially expressed if the relative expression of said nucleotide sequence in group A is greater than or less than one factor, or "fold", greater than or equal to 2 to the expression of the same nucleotide sequence in group B as described in the present invention.
- Table 11 Number of biomarkers of pearl quality in P. margaritifera, showing unfold greater than or equal to 2.
- SEQ ID NO: 7 1 0.210 1.608 0.136 0.569 0.206 0.569
- SEQ ID NO: 36 C75bis 5,703 1,512 0,604 1,155 0.604 0.882
- Table 12 List of biomarker genes predicting pearl quality in P. margaritifera (results correspond to the difference in expression between Group A oysters and Group B oysters)
- Table 13 Comparison of the means of the variables "Pearl thickness on the surface of the pearl", “Number of defects on the surface of the pearls” and “Commercial quality” according to the groups of donor oysters used during the G2 and G3 grafts.
- the quality gain of the pearls produced by the group A donors compared to those of the group B on each of the "mother-of-pearl thickness on the surface of the pearl" variables, "Number of pearl surface defects” and “Commercial Quality” is 30%, 47% and 52% respectively (Table 13).
- the quality gain of the pearls produced by the Group A donors is 28%, 42% and 66%, respectively.
- the average values of each variable obtained in group B and in the group constituted by all the donors used during the transplant are similar, regardless of the graft G2 or G3 considered.
- Relative expression levels of biomarkers predictive of pearl quality in P. margaritifera were determined by real-time PCR according to the methodology described in the present invention.
- the expression levels in the donor group A and B were calculated for each of the grafts G2 and G3 and each of the 3 variables of interest: Thickness / Commercial Quality / Defects.
- the levels of expression measured were compared with those obtained during the first graft (Gl) and confirm the previously obtained results.
- Significant overexpression or subexpression levels fold greater than or equal to 2, denoted "+" and "-" respectively) for each of the 15 high biomaterialization biomarkers obtained during grafts G1, G2 and G3 are indicated. in table 14.
- Table 14 Comparison of levels of overexpression or under-expression of biomaterials with high biomineralization capacity of group A donor pearl oysters compared to the control sample according to the graft considered, according to the graft considered.
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AU2013366242A AU2013366242A1 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | Signature predictive of the biomineralization capacity of a graft-donor pearl oyster |
JP2015547131A JP2016501530A (ja) | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | 移植片ドナー真珠貝の生体内鉱質形成能力を予測するサイン |
CN201380073156.6A CN105051207A (zh) | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | 预测移植物供体珍珠牡蛎的生物矿化能力的标志 |
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Non-Patent Citations (14)
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