WO2014096541A1 - Method for handling of titania slag for further processing - Google Patents

Method for handling of titania slag for further processing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014096541A1
WO2014096541A1 PCT/FI2013/051176 FI2013051176W WO2014096541A1 WO 2014096541 A1 WO2014096541 A1 WO 2014096541A1 FI 2013051176 W FI2013051176 W FI 2013051176W WO 2014096541 A1 WO2014096541 A1 WO 2014096541A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slag
drying
granulation
granules
titania
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2013/051176
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marko Palander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metso Corp
Original Assignee
Outotec Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Outotec Oyj filed Critical Outotec Oyj
Priority to CN201380065668.8A priority Critical patent/CN104884639A/en
Priority to BR112015013839A priority patent/BR112015013839A2/en
Priority to EA201590963A priority patent/EA027660B1/en
Priority to CA2893815A priority patent/CA2893815C/en
Publication of WO2014096541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014096541A1/en
Priority to ZA2015/03606A priority patent/ZA201503606B/en
Priority to SA515360593A priority patent/SA515360593B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
    • C22B34/1231—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes treatment or purification of titanium containing products obtained by dry processes, e.g. condensation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/024—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag with the direct use of steam or liquid coolants, e.g. water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/062—Jet nozzles or pressurised fluids for cooling, fragmenting or atomising slag

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for granula ⁇ tion of titania slag for further processing.
  • Titania slag is used as feed material for the produc ⁇ tion of pigments and it is produced by smelting ilmen- ite and a suitable carbonaceous reductant in electric furnaces. After smelting of ilmenite the titania slag is in molten or liquid form from which it has to be solificated for further processing.
  • solification of titania slag was carried out by cast ⁇ ing liquid slag into large bowls or pots in which it was cooled down for a long period of time before crushing and grinding to small granules. This kind of process has several disadvantages. It is slow and com ⁇ plex, and further, it is expensive e.g. because of high consumption of energy.
  • a further disadvantage is the fact that a great amount of fine product, i.e. dust is formed when large blocks of cooled titania are crushed or ground.
  • This kind of fine product, the par ⁇ ticle size of which is under 0,1 mm is a lower value product and for further processing for the production of pigments it demands a different route compared to a higher value coarse product the aimed particle size of which is about 1 mm more precisely 0,1 - 0,85 mm.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for granulation of titania slag for further processing by which method the problems relating to prior art technique are avoided or at least minimized.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the method characterized in the appended claims.
  • the invention provides a method for granulation of titania slag for further processing.
  • titania slag is produced by smelting ilmenite in an electric furnace to form liq ⁇ uid slag.
  • liquid slag is tapped from the electric furnace into a granulation pit; during tapping the liquid slag is impacted by high-pressure water jets to get the slag stream frag ⁇ mented into small granules; and the slag granules are fed into a granule dryer in which the slag granules are dried for further use.
  • CO-gas produced during smelting of ilmenite in the closed electric furnace is used for drying of granules in the granule dryer.
  • CO-gas produced in the closed electric furnace is used as fuel to form drying gas to be used in the granule dryer.
  • the slag granules before feeding the slag granules from the granulation pit into the gran ⁇ ule dryer the slag granules are fed into granule bin or bins for dewatering the granules.
  • at least one drying equipment is used as the granule dryer.
  • drying equipment is a drying tower, a stationary drying tower, a drying drum, flash dryer or dryer or alike.
  • the method utilizes CO-gas as a drying gas .
  • the drying equipment is used as the granule dryer, into which drying towers the drying gas is fed in several height positions to increase the drying efficiency.
  • the inventive method is cost effective compared to any other prior art method. This is due to the fact that in the invention granulated titania slag is dried with CO-gas which is produced by the same closed electric furnace in which ilmenite is smelted. CO-gas is formed in the smelting process, so it is free energy fuel. In the environmental point of view the recycling of CO-gas is important so emissions of CO-gas are lower. In prior art it is common prac ⁇ tice to use heavy fuel oil for drying purposes, and this is quite costly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of various steps of the in ⁇ ventive handling of titania slag.
  • the slag stream is fragmented by the water flow 4 into small parti- cles, i.e. granules, that at this stage are very wet and in fact they are suspended in the granulation pit 3. Therefore the granules must be dewatered and dried before further processing.
  • wet granules are transferred from the granulation pit 3 to at least one granule bin 7, in which excess water is drained from the granules.
  • the system shown in Fig. 1 comprises three granule bins 7. Wet granules are transferred from the granulation pit 3 into the bins 7 by a granule conveyor 6.
  • the granu ⁇ lation pit 3 is provided with a granule elevator 5 by which the granules are taken from the granulation pit 3 and lifted onto the granule conveyor 6.
  • elevator can also be a de-watering apparatus, a sepa- rator, a screw hoist, a drum or alike or even a bucket loader which collects a stack wherein the dewatering happen and after that the material is transferred to further process.
  • a granule dryer 9 which comprises at least one drying towers 10, 11 in the example shown in Fig. 1.
  • tower can be used a drying tower, a stationary drying tower, a drying drum or alike.
  • the granules are fed from the gran ⁇ ule bins 7 via a granule feeder and collecting convey- or 8 to the top of the drying towers 10, 11 from where they run downwards to the bottom of the drying towers 10, 11. While running downwards in the drying towers 10, 11 the granules are dried by drying gas fed into the drying towers 10, 11.
  • the drying gas is CO-gas produced by the electric fur- nace 1 during smelting of ilmenite.
  • the smelting pro ⁇ cess produces gases which are collected by at least one gas collector 14 and led to a gas scrubber or gas cooling and/or cleaning apparatus 15 which cools CO- gas from the gas mixture and erases the dust particles or purifies it, whereby purified CO-gas is led from the gas -scrubber or cool and/or cleaning apparatus 15 to a burner 18 of a combustion chamber 17 via a conduit 16.
  • Combustion air is fed to the burner 18, the burner can also be a drum dryer and possible if needed secondary air to the combustion chamber 17 via conduits 19, 20.
  • drying gas is fed to the drying towers 10, 11 of the granule dryer 9 via a drying gas ductwork 21 which can been divided in several gas inlets 22 and 23 through which drying gas is fed into the drying towers 10, 11 in several height positions to increase the drying effi ⁇ ciency.
  • Exhaust gases are led out of the drying towers 10, 11 through exhausts 24, 25.
  • Dried titania granules are discharged from the lower part of the drying tow- ers 10, 11 by discharge feeders 12, 13 to a discharge conveyor 26 which transfers titania granules for fur ⁇ ther processing.
  • the drying equipment can be a drying tower, a station- ary drying tower, a drying drum or alike.
  • Tower can be replaced by drying drum, flash dryer or dryer which utilizes CO-gas as a drying gas. If needed, dried slag granules are further crushed and screened, grinded, and classified to fine and coarse product. Titania slag granules are further used in pigment plant to produce T1O 2 pigment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for granulation of titania slag for further processing. In the method titania slag is produced by smelting ilmenite in a closed electric furnace (1) to form liquid slag (2). Liquid slag (2) is tapped from the electric furnace (1) into a granulation pit (3), and during tapping the liquid slag (2) is impacted by high-pressure water jets (4) to get the slag stream fragmented into small granules. The slag granules are fed into a granule dryer (9) in which the slag granules are dried for further use.

Description

METHOD FOR HANDLING OF TITANIA SLAG FOR FURTHER PROCESSING
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for granula¬ tion of titania slag for further processing.
BACKGROUND ART
Titania slag is used as feed material for the produc¬ tion of pigments and it is produced by smelting ilmen- ite and a suitable carbonaceous reductant in electric furnaces. After smelting of ilmenite the titania slag is in molten or liquid form from which it has to be solificated for further processing. Previously the solification of titania slag was carried out by cast¬ ing liquid slag into large bowls or pots in which it was cooled down for a long period of time before crushing and grinding to small granules. This kind of process has several disadvantages. It is slow and com¬ plex, and further, it is expensive e.g. because of high consumption of energy. A further disadvantage is the fact that a great amount of fine product, i.e. dust is formed when large blocks of cooled titania are crushed or ground. This kind of fine product, the par¬ ticle size of which is under 0,1 mm is a lower value product and for further processing for the production of pigments it demands a different route compared to a higher value coarse product the aimed particle size of which is about 1 mm more precisely 0,1 - 0,85 mm.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a method for granulation of titania slag for further processing by which method the problems relating to prior art technique are avoided or at least minimized. The object of the invention is achieved by the method characterized in the appended claims. According to an aspect, the invention provides a method for granulation of titania slag for further processing. In the method titania slag is produced by smelting ilmenite in an electric furnace to form liq¬ uid slag. According to the invention liquid slag is tapped from the electric furnace into a granulation pit; during tapping the liquid slag is impacted by high-pressure water jets to get the slag stream frag¬ mented into small granules; and the slag granules are fed into a granule dryer in which the slag granules are dried for further use.
In an embodiment of the method, CO-gas produced during smelting of ilmenite in the closed electric furnace is used for drying of granules in the granule dryer.
In an embodiment of the method, CO-gas produced in the closed electric furnace is used as fuel to form drying gas to be used in the granule dryer. In an embodiment of the method, before feeding the slag granules from the granulation pit into the gran¬ ule dryer the slag granules are fed into granule bin or bins for dewatering the granules. In an embodiment of the method, at least one drying equipment is used as the granule dryer.
In an embodiment of the method, drying equipment is a drying tower, a stationary drying tower, a drying drum, flash dryer or dryer or alike. In an embodiment of the method, the method utilizes CO-gas as a drying gas .
In an embodiment of the method, the drying equipment is used as the granule dryer, into which drying towers the drying gas is fed in several height positions to increase the drying efficiency.
Several advantages over prior art are attainable by the present invention. The inventive method is cost effective compared to any other prior art method. This is due to the fact that in the invention granulated titania slag is dried with CO-gas which is produced by the same closed electric furnace in which ilmenite is smelted. CO-gas is formed in the smelting process, so it is free energy fuel. In the environmental point of view the recycling of CO-gas is important so emissions of CO-gas are lower. In prior art it is common prac¬ tice to use heavy fuel oil for drying purposes, and this is quite costly.
Further advantages, characteristic features and embod¬ iments of the invention will come out in more detail in the following description of the invention, in which the invention is described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawing figure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Fig. 1 is a schematic view of various steps of the in¬ ventive handling of titania slag.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In the method for granulation of titania slag as shown in Fig. 1, ilmenite and a suitable carbonaceous re- ductant is smelted in an electric furnace 1. After smelting of ilmenite the titania slag is in molten and liquid form, and liquid slag 2 is tapped from the electric furnace 1 into a granulation pit 3. Simulta¬ neously with the tapping the liquid slag is impacted by water flow 4. This water flow can also be water jet, spray, nozzle, shower, a plate with holes, mist or alike, there can be one or several ones, the pres¬ sure of the water can be high or low. The slag stream is fragmented by the water flow 4 into small parti- cles, i.e. granules, that at this stage are very wet and in fact they are suspended in the granulation pit 3. Therefore the granules must be dewatered and dried before further processing. As Fig. 1 shows, wet granules are transferred from the granulation pit 3 to at least one granule bin 7, in which excess water is drained from the granules. The system shown in Fig. 1 comprises three granule bins 7. Wet granules are transferred from the granulation pit 3 into the bins 7 by a granule conveyor 6. The granu¬ lation pit 3 is provided with a granule elevator 5 by which the granules are taken from the granulation pit 3 and lifted onto the granule conveyor 6. Instead of elevator can also be a de-watering apparatus, a sepa- rator, a screw hoist, a drum or alike or even a bucket loader which collects a stack wherein the dewatering happen and after that the material is transferred to further process. When excess water has been drained from the granules they are fed into a granule dryer 9 which comprises at least one drying towers 10, 11 in the example shown in Fig. 1. Instead of tower can be used a drying tower, a stationary drying tower, a drying drum or alike. The granules are fed from the gran¬ ule bins 7 via a granule feeder and collecting convey- or 8 to the top of the drying towers 10, 11 from where they run downwards to the bottom of the drying towers 10, 11. While running downwards in the drying towers 10, 11 the granules are dried by drying gas fed into the drying towers 10, 11.
The drying gas is CO-gas produced by the electric fur- nace 1 during smelting of ilmenite. The smelting pro¬ cess produces gases which are collected by at least one gas collector 14 and led to a gas scrubber or gas cooling and/or cleaning apparatus 15 which cools CO- gas from the gas mixture and erases the dust particles or purifies it, whereby purified CO-gas is led from the gas -scrubber or cool and/or cleaning apparatus 15 to a burner 18 of a combustion chamber 17 via a conduit 16. Combustion air is fed to the burner 18, the burner can also be a drum dryer and possible if needed secondary air to the combustion chamber 17 via conduits 19, 20. From the combustion chamber 17 drying gas is fed to the drying towers 10, 11 of the granule dryer 9 via a drying gas ductwork 21 which can been divided in several gas inlets 22 and 23 through which drying gas is fed into the drying towers 10, 11 in several height positions to increase the drying effi¬ ciency. Exhaust gases are led out of the drying towers 10, 11 through exhausts 24, 25. Dried titania granules are discharged from the lower part of the drying tow- ers 10, 11 by discharge feeders 12, 13 to a discharge conveyor 26 which transfers titania granules for fur¬ ther processing.
The drying equipment can be a drying tower, a station- ary drying tower, a drying drum or alike.
Tower can be replaced by drying drum, flash dryer or dryer which utilizes CO-gas as a drying gas. If needed, dried slag granules are further crushed and screened, grinded, and classified to fine and coarse product. Titania slag granules are further used in pigment plant to produce T1O2 pigment.
Above, the invention has been described by way of ex- amples with reference to the exemplifying embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawing. The invention is, however, not confined to the exemplifying embodi¬ ment shown in the drawing alone, but the invention may vary within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A method for granulation of titania slag for further processing, in which method
a) titania slag is produced by smelting il- menite in an electric furnace to form liquid slag, characterized in that
b) liquid slag is tapped from the electric furnace into a granulation pit,
c) during tapping the liquid slag is impacted by high-pressure water jets to get the slag stream fragmented into small granules, and
d) the slag granules are fed into a granule dryer in which the slag granules are dried for further use.
2 . Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that CO-gas produced during smelting of ilmenite in the closed electric furnace is used for drying of granules in the granule dryer .
3. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that CO-gas produced in the closed electric furnace is used as fuel to form drying gas to be used in the granule dry¬ er .
4. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that before feeding the slag granules from the granu¬ lation pit into the granule dryer the slag granules are fed into granule bin or bins for dewatering the granules .
5. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one drying equipment is used as the granule dryer.
6. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that drying equipment is a drying tower, a stationary drying tower, a drying drum, flash dryer or dryer or alike.
7. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method utilizes CO-gas as a drying gas.
8. Method for granulation of titania slag as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying equipment is used as the granule dry¬ er, into which drying towers the drying gas is fed in several height positions to increase the drying effi¬ ciency .
PCT/FI2013/051176 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing Ceased WO2014096541A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201380065668.8A CN104884639A (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing
BR112015013839A BR112015013839A2 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 method for handling titania slag for further processing
EA201590963A EA027660B1 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing
CA2893815A CA2893815C (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing
ZA2015/03606A ZA201503606B (en) 2012-12-19 2015-05-21 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing
SA515360593A SA515360593B1 (en) 2012-12-19 2015-06-15 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20126334A FI125581B (en) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Process for processing titanium dioxide slag for further processing
FI20126334 2012-12-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014096541A1 true WO2014096541A1 (en) 2014-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2013/051176 Ceased WO2014096541A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Method for handling of titania slag for further processing

Country Status (8)

Country Link
CN (1) CN104884639A (en)
BR (1) BR112015013839A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2893815C (en)
EA (1) EA027660B1 (en)
FI (1) FI125581B (en)
SA (1) SA515360593B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014096541A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201503606B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105907904B (en) * 2016-06-01 2017-08-25 重庆大学 A kind of titanium-containing blast furnace slag dry granulation and methane carbonization puies forward titanium processing unit and method

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003013694A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process to recover energy form hot gas
CN201265014Y (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-01 四川龙蟒集团有限责任公司 Titanium-enriched graining processing unit

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10103977C1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2002-07-11 Colour Ltd Titanium dioxide concentrate recovery, for use in production of rutile and pigments, by contacting ore containing titanium and iron with carbon in fluidized bed in presence of chlorine and oxygen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003013694A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process to recover energy form hot gas
CN201265014Y (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-01 四川龙蟒集团有限责任公司 Titanium-enriched graining processing unit

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BESSINGER, D. ET AL.: "Granulation of titania slag.", THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL HEAVY MINERALS CONFERENCE., 2007, INTERNET, pages 159 - 160, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.saimm.co.za/Conferences/HMC2007/159-162_Bessinger.pdf> *
VAN HOOFF, W. ET AL.: "Evolution of granulation technology.", EPD CONGRESS 2006., 2006, pages 553 - 565 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA201503606B (en) 2017-07-26
FI125581B (en) 2015-12-15
CN104884639A (en) 2015-09-02
EA027660B1 (en) 2017-08-31
EA201590963A1 (en) 2015-10-30
SA515360593B1 (en) 2016-03-27
FI20126334L (en) 2014-06-20
BR112015013839A2 (en) 2017-07-11
CA2893815A1 (en) 2014-06-26
CA2893815C (en) 2017-08-22

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