WO2014093854A1 - Émulsions et procédés pouvant être utilisés dans un puits de forage - Google Patents

Émulsions et procédés pouvant être utilisés dans un puits de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014093854A1
WO2014093854A1 PCT/US2013/075070 US2013075070W WO2014093854A1 WO 2014093854 A1 WO2014093854 A1 WO 2014093854A1 US 2013075070 W US2013075070 W US 2013075070W WO 2014093854 A1 WO2014093854 A1 WO 2014093854A1
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Prior art keywords
emulsion
component
crude biodiesel
discontinuous
unmodified
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PCT/US2013/075070
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English (en)
Inventor
Orlando D'ELIA
Fernando GUZMAN
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Prime Eco Research And Development, Llc
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Priority claimed from US13/986,235 external-priority patent/US20140309146A1/en
Application filed by Prime Eco Research And Development, Llc filed Critical Prime Eco Research And Development, Llc
Publication of WO2014093854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014093854A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/36—Water-in-oil emulsions

Definitions

  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure relate, generally, to compositions (e.g., emulsions) usable within a wellbore (e.g. , as a drilling mud) and methods for forming such compositions, and more specifically, to invert emulsions able to be efficiently produced from readily available waste/byproducts (e.g. , crude biodiesel products) having a reduced environmental impact.
  • compositions e.g., emulsions
  • a wellbore e.g. , as a drilling mud
  • waste/byproducts e.g. , crude biodiesel products
  • Drilling mud cools and lubricates the drilling string and drill bit, counteracting much of the heat produced by friction during drilling operations and forming a barrier or cushion (e.g., a "filter cake") between the walls of the wellbore and the drilling string, while also carrying debris formed by drilling (e.g. , "cuttings") away from the base of the wellbore to the surface.
  • a barrier or cushion e.g., a "filter cake”
  • the type and characteristics of the drilling mud (e.g., viscosity, weight, etc.) used for a particular drilling operation can vary depending on the characteristics of the formation where the drilling operation is taking place (e.g., temperature, depth, wellbore stability, formation of gas hydrates, shale dispersion, etc.).
  • Use of a suitable drilling mud can improve the rate of penetration of the drill bit and reduce or eliminate many difficulties inherent in the drilling process.
  • drilling muds having appropriate characteristics that correspond to a formation is of paramount importance.
  • the drilling mud may have a tendency to flow into the formation, which can cause the drilling string to be urged into contact with the borehole wall at points where drilling mud pressure exceeds that of the formation.
  • a sufficiently large contact area between a drill string and the borehole wall can prevent further rotation, raising, and/or lowering of the drilling string.
  • a drilling mud containing a significant quantity of water can cause the water or water-based fluid to hydrate, swell, and/or otherwise be dispersed into the wellbore formation, potentially damaging the formation and/or wellbore.
  • a drilling mud that forms a somewhat permeable filter cake between the borehole wall and drilling string may be acceptable, or even desirable, as the accumulation of a thick and/or impermeable filter cake could otherwise create obstructed regions in the wellbore that may cause the drilling string to stick, increase drag and pressure surges, and hinder evaluation of the formation.
  • a permeable filter cake can lead to fluid loss, which can damage the formation, as well as hinder evaluation thereof.
  • Some types of existing drilling muds include oil-in- water emulsions (an emulsion that includes water or a similar aqueous medium as a continuous phase, within which droplets of an organic compound are suspended as a discontinuous oil phase).
  • emulsions normally include water, oil, emulsifiers (primary and secondary, wetting agents/surfactants, etc.), clays or polymers, various treating agents that control the physical, chemical, and/or rheological properties of the emulsion, and a weighting agent (e.g. , barite, hematite, etc.) to provide the emulsion with a suitable weight for use as a drilling mud in a desired wellbore.
  • a weighting agent e.g. , barite, hematite, etc.
  • Invert emulsions water-in-oil emulsions, having a continuous oil phase within which discontinuous water/aqueous droplets are suspended
  • water-in-oil emulsions having a continuous oil phase within which discontinuous water/aqueous droplets are suspended
  • use of the significant quantities of crude oil, diesel, kerosene, and mineral oils often present in invert emulsions can create an extremely negative environmental impact, and in some cases, may be hazardous for transport and handling.
  • While efforts have been made to produce water-in-oil emulsions that minimize the quantity of aromatics present e.g. , through use of vegetable oils in place of mineral oils
  • such emulsions still present a significant negative environmental impact (e.g., loss of marine life), and are often less effective than emulsions containing a larger quantity of aromatics.
  • Ester-based drilling fluids e.g. , emulsions that include an ester as either the continuous or discontinuous phase
  • esters having a molecular structure that provides desired properties.
  • the large majority of esters are non-toxic, biodegrade at a rate that complies with various environmental regulations and standards, contain no carcinogenic aromatics, contain little or no sulfur, and can be derived from non- petrochemical sources (e.g. , animal and plant oils/fats).
  • non- petrochemical sources e.g. , animal and plant oils/fats.
  • polyalphaolefins a class of synthetic oils
  • suitable fluid properties while complying with environmental criteria with regard to biodegradation and environmental impact.
  • Alcohols e.g. , glycerols, polyglycerols, cyclicetherpolyols
  • Alcohols can still interact with clay within formations, but the swelling is considerably less than that observed when clay contacts a water-based drilling fluid.
  • invert emulsions that include alcohol as the discontinuous phase tend to be less stable at high temperatures, which are commonly encountered in formations during drilling operations. Even when heat-tolerant alcohols are used, barite settling and an undesirably high filtrate rate, indicating emulsion instability, are observed.
  • Emulsifiers Independent of the chemicals used in the continuous or discontinuous phases of an emulsion, conventional emulsions require use of emulsifiers to prevent separation of the phases (e.g. , caused by settling and aggregation of droplets of the discontinuous phase over time).
  • Emulsifiers have an amphiphilic molecular structure (e.g. , having a polar/hydrophilic end and a nonpolar/lipophilic end, spatially separated from one another). Such emulsifiers act at the interface between the continuous and discontinuous phases of an emulsion and lower the interfacial tension.
  • emulsifiers form interfacial films, which prevent coalescence of droplets of the discontinuous phase.
  • Emulsifiers can include nonionic substances (e.g. , soap) or ionic (cationic or anionic) compounds (e.g. , quaternary ammonium compounds).
  • the hydrophilic molecular moiety of nonionic emulsifiers can include glycerol, polyglycerol, sorbitans, carbohydrates, and/or polyoxyethylene gloycols, and can be linked to a lipophilic molecular moiety via ester and/or ether bonds.
  • the lipophilic molecular moiety of such emulsifiers can include fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and/or iso-fatty acids.
  • fatty alcohols fatty alcohols
  • fatty acids fatty acids
  • iso-fatty acids fatty acids
  • the properties of the emulsifier can be varied within wide limits. Selection of an emulsifier suited to the components of an emulsion and the conditions within which the emulsion will be used is of significant importance. [00011] A reduction in the amount of emulsifier necessary to stabilize an emulsion can be achieved through the addition of finely divided solid particles, which accumulate at the phase boundary.
  • "Pickering" emulsions were discovered in the early 1900s, through the preparation of paraffin/water emulsions that were stabilized by the addition of various solids, such as basic copper sulfate, basic iron sulfate, or other metal sulfates.
  • the solid particles serve as a mechanical barrier against coalescence of droplets of the discontinuous phase, by becoming irreversibly anchored at this interface, where they develop strong lateral interactions.
  • conventional emulsifiers e.g. , organic surfactants
  • preparation of a conventional emulsion can involve selection, acquisition, preparation, and mixing of a large number of components, from among a large number of alternatives, which can create inefficiencies with regard to cost and availability of materials, and the time required to prepare a suitable emulsion.
  • an external phase of the emulsion must be selected and acquired.
  • both primary and secondary emulsifier agents must be added and dispersed.
  • Appropriate wetting agents (and/or any other surfactants, rheology-modifying agents, or similar compounds) are then added, followed by lime or a similar component (typically to maintain reserve alkalinity).
  • the internal phase of the emulsion Only after each of these components has been added and dispersed can the internal phase of the emulsion finally be added to the external phase and mixed. After the addition of the internal phase, an organophilic clay or similar component is added, followed by a filtrate control additive, then a weighting agent. As such, preparation of an emulsion can require the selection and acquisition of multiple costly components, and at least eight separate steps.
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure include emulsions usable within a wellbore (e.g. , as drilling mud and/or other fluids) and methods for producing and/or preparing such emulsions.
  • An embodied emulsion can be prepared, generally, by providing an emulsion base that includes a crude biodiesel product, the crude biodiesel product having a continuous component and a discontinuous component, and adding an emulsifying subsystem that includes solid particles to the emulsion base, such that the solid particles migrate to interfaces between the continuous and discontinuous components, thereby resisting separation of the continuous and discontinuous components and defining a continuous and discontinuous phase within the emulsion.
  • a weighting agent e.g. , barite, hematite, and/or other weighting agents
  • a weighting agent can be added to the emulsion base for providing the emulsion with a weight and/or specific gravity adapted for use as a drilling mud within a desired wellbore.
  • the production of biodiesel products can include the trans-esterification of an oil
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure can include use of a substantially unmodified (e.g., soybean oil, another vegetable oil, an animal oil, or any other oil or fat) with an alcohol (e.g. , a low molecular weight alcohol), typically using alkaline catalysts.
  • an alcohol e.g. , a low molecular weight alcohol
  • the resulting crude biodiesel product obtained through the trans-esterification reaction must normally be subjected to further separation and/or refining operations to separate esters and other components from water, glycerin, fiber, and other materials produced during the trans-esterification process and/or by-products remaining after the trans-esterification reaction.
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure can include use of a substantially unmodified (e.g.
  • a substantially unmodified compound produced through the trans-esterification of an oil e.g. , soybean oil or another vegetable oil
  • an alcohol e.g. , a low molecular weight alcohol, such as 2-ethyl hexanol, methanol, ethanol, etc.
  • alkaline catalysts can contain a continuous and discontinuous component usable for forming embodiments of the present emulsion, without requiring substantive modification, separation, and/or refinement.
  • the continuous component can include an ester (e.g.
  • the emulsifying subsystem can be formed by adding an unmodified phyllosilicate (e.g. , a smectite clay, such as bentonite, hectorite, bidellite, stevensite, and/or saponite) and a quaternary ammonium compound (e.g. , quaternium- 18) or similar interactive component to the emulsion base.
  • a quaternary ammonium compound e.g. , quaternium- 18
  • the phyllosilicate and quaternary ammonium compound can thereby interact in situ to form an organophillic component.
  • an organophillic component could be directly added to the emulsion base, and depending on the desired characteristics of the emulsion, other types of subsystems having solid particles that tend to migrate to the interfaces between the continuous and discontinuous components of the emulsion base can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the unmodified phyllosilicate can include a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of 75 miUiequivalents per 100 grams of smectite clay, or greater.
  • Embodied emulsions can include, by way of example, 20-40 pounds per barrel (e.g. , 30 pounds per barrel) of the emulsifying subsystem.
  • embodiments can include the addition of iron oxide (e.g. , mixed iron oxides), magnesium silicate (talc), one or more types of metal oxide, and/or similar inorganic, amphiphilic components to the emulsifying subsystem.
  • a rheology modifier that includes an organic derivative of a clay (e.g. , Bentone® 38) can be added to the emulsion base to further promote stability at high temperatures.
  • Bentone® 38 an organic derivative of a clay
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure include invert (e.g. , water- in-oil) emulsions usable within a wellbore environment (e.g. , as a drilling mud or other wellbore fluid), that can exhibit an effectiveness greater than or equal to conventional alternatives, while minimizing environmental impact, incorporating readily available components, and enabling an extremely efficient method of production and/or preparation.
  • a wellbore environment e.g. , as a drilling mud or other wellbore fluid
  • the preparation of conventional emulsions can require numerous steps (e.g. , eight or more steps). For example, to the external/continuous phase of a desired emulsion, both primary and secondary emulsifying agents must be added, followed by wetting agents, then followed by lime.
  • the internal/discontinuous phase of the emulsion can be added, after which an organophilic clay or similar component, a filtrate control additive, and a weighting agent (e.g. , when intending to use an emulsion as a drilling mud) can be added.
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure can be produced, generally, through a minimum of steps: the provision of an emulsion base, the addition/dispersion of an emulsifying subsystem within the base, and if the emulsion is to be used as a drilling mud, the addition of sufficient weighting material to provide the emulsion with a desired mud weight.
  • the emulsion base can include a crude biodiesel product.
  • Biodiesel materials such as methyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable or animal fats, are conventionally manufactured by freeing fatty acids from glycerol (e.g. , via a trans-esterification process). Exemplary methods are described in United States patents 6,399,800; 6,348,074; 6,015,444; 6,203,585; 6, 174,501 ; 6,235,104; and 7,270,768, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In a typical mechanism, an animal or plant fat and/or oil (composed of triglycerides - esters that contain both fatty acids and glycerol) is reacted with an alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol.
  • an alcohol such as ethanol or methanol.
  • a base can be used to deprotonate the alcohol to speed the reaction, while heat and catalysts (e.g. , alkaline catalysts - typically strong bases, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) can be used to speed the reaction.
  • catalysts e.g. , alkaline catalysts - typically strong bases, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
  • the trans-esterification reaction is an equilibrium reaction, the reaction is often incomplete, and yields of biodiesel products can vary significantly (e.g. , 40-90 percent) depending on the reactants, catalysts, temperature and pressure conditions, and the amount of time permitted to pass.
  • the organic group of the ester is exchanged for that of the alcohol, which, in the case of triglycerides, results in the formation of alkyl ester and crude glycerol.
  • a waste stream that can include glycerin, water, salts of fatty acids and/or free fatty acids, methanol, free glycerol, soap, unconverted monoglycerides and diglycerides, and/or other polar compounds, is produced, requiring additional separation/processing steps to obtain usable biodiesel products, while also creating disposal issues with regard to the waste stream.
  • the term "crude biodiesel product” includes the immediate product of a trans-esterification reaction (e.g. , a product that has not been subjected to substantial modification and/or separation processes).
  • a usable biodiesel e.g. , a fuel usable as an alternative to oil, oil derivatives, and other fossil fuels
  • the crude biodiesel product Prior to obtaining a usable biodiesel (e.g. , a fuel usable as an alternative to oil, oil derivatives, and other fossil fuels) from a crude biodiesel product, the crude biodiesel product must be treated, such as by the addition of acid to reduce the pH, heating, mixing, and phase separation, followed by the addition of pH adjusting components and water content and/or viscosity- adjusting components to the separated portions.
  • embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure can include an emulsion base that includes a substantially unmodified crude biodiesel product.
  • a crude biodiesel product, without modification or separation, includes a continuous oil phase (e.g.
  • a discontinuous phase e.g. , glycerin, polyglycerin, and/or water.
  • waste products e.g. , fiber, salts of fatty acids, etc.
  • this functionality e.g. , via interaction at the interface between the continuous and discontinuous phases.
  • the emulsion base includes a crude biodiesel product containing a continuous/oleaginous phase (e.g. , alkyl ester) and a discontinuous phase (e.g. , glycerin), without requiring any substantial modification and/or processing.
  • a crude biodiesel product can be readily obtained from any number of facilities associated with the production of biodiesel products, such as diesel fuel, and such crude biodiesel products are available in abundance.
  • use of crude biodiesel products as an emulsion base eliminates the need to separately dispose of the waste portion of the crude biodiesel products, while enabling embodiments of the present emulsion to be produced using generally renewable products (e.g. , plant or animal products), without requiring significant consumption or use of petrochemicals.
  • a crude biodiesel product as an emulsion base, which can include glycerin or a similar compound as the discontinuous phase, enables the resulting emulsion to be used as an effective drilling mud/fluid that does not include and/or require a significant quantity of water and does not require the production or inclusion of brine or similar salts (e.g. , calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium acetate or formate, etc.) and/or ionic components.
  • brine or similar salts e.g. , calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium acetate or formate, etc.
  • glycerin or a similar compound can provide the resulting emulsion with functionality and effectiveness as a drilling mud equal to or exceeding that of conventional invert emulsions, while avoiding the drawbacks inherent in the use of water and brines, such as swelling, formation damage, and negative environmental impact.
  • a crude biodiesel product as an emulsion base, which can include alkyl ester as the continuous phase, enables the resulting emulsion to be used as an effective drilling mud/fluid that does not include and/or require a significant quantity of aromatics or similar toxic, hydrocarbon-based chemicals.
  • Esters biodegrade at environmentally acceptable rates and are generally non-toxic, while exhibiting similar effectiveness to emulsions containing aromatics.
  • an emulsifying subsystem can be added to the emulsion base to facilitate the stability thereof. While any type of emulsifier can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, in an embodiment, the emulsifying subsystem can include solid particles having a tendency to be anchored and/or otherwise retained at interfaces between the continuous component and discontinuous component of the emulsion base. As such, use of an emulsifying subsystem containing solid particles (e.g. , forming a solid-stabilized emulsion) can allow embodiments of the present emulsion to include no conventional organic surfactants, significantly improving the environmental impact thereof. Additionally, emulsions stabilized by solid particles (e.g.
  • hydrophobic silica particles have been shown to exhibit equal or superior stability when compared to emulsions stabilized using conventional emulsifiers (e.g. , sorbitan monooleate emulsifier).
  • solid particles can form a three-dimensional network in the continuous phase of an emulsion to prevent sedimentation and/or can form a steric barrier between droplets of discontinuous phase to prevent coalescence between droplets of the discontinuous phase. Solid particles can thereby effectively serve as a mechanical barrier that resists and/or prevents coalescence of the discontinuous phase and/or separation of the emulsion components.
  • solid particles of the emulsifying subsystem can be produced by organophilization, thereby activating the solids to be drawn to the interface between the continuous (e.g. , alkly ester) and discontinuous (e.g. , glycerin) components of the emulsion base, to define and maintain the continuous and discontinuous phases within the emulsion.
  • the continuous (e.g. , alkly ester) and discontinuous (e.g. , glycerin) components of the emulsion base to define and maintain the continuous and discontinuous phases within the emulsion.
  • an unmodified phyllosilicate e.g.
  • a smectite and/or montmorillonite clay such as bentonite, hectorite, and/or saponite
  • a quaternary ammonium compound or a similar chemical capable of ionic exchange
  • the phylosilicate can include a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of smectite clay, or greater.
  • an emulsifying subsystem that includes solid particles at the interface between discontinuous and continuous components of the emulsion base can eliminate the need for conventional organic surfactants and similar compounds that create disposal issues and produce a significant negative environmental impact.
  • a smectite clay or similar, generally environmentally-friendly solid component is used, the environmental impact of the emulsifying subsystem can be significantly reduced, if not eliminated.
  • additives to the emulsion base may generally be unnecessary, in various embodiments, shale stabilizers, filtration control additives, suspending agents, dispersants, thinners, anti-balling additives, lubricants, seepage control additives, lost circulation additives, drilling enhancers, penetration rate enhancers, corrosion inhibitors, acids, bases, buffers, scavengers, gelling agents, cross-linkers, catalysts, soluble salts, biocides, bridging agents, rheology-modifying agents, viscosity-modifying agents, and/or combinations thereof could be added without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • weighting agents e.g. , barite, hematite, and/or other weighting agents
  • the amount of weighting agent added can be varied depending on the desired mud weight (e.g. , specific gravity) of the resulting emulsion, which can depend on the conditions of a particular wellbore and/or formation.
  • a rheology modifying agent such as an organic derivative of a clay (e.g. , Bentone® 38) can be added to reduce and/or prevent drops in emulsion/electric stability and filtrate increases that may be expected by a decrease in the rheological properties of the emulsion expected at such temperatures.
  • a rheology modifying agent such as an organic derivative of a clay (e.g. , Bentone® 38)
  • Bentone® 38 an organic derivative of a clay
  • use of rheology modifying agents may be unnecessary, and embodied emulsions may be stable at temperatures equal to or exceeding 300 degrees Fahrenheit (150 degrees Centigrade).
  • Table 1 describes an exemplary embodiment of an emulsion usable within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Table 1 describes the contents of one barrel equivalent (350 ml) of an exemplary embodiment of an emulsion usable within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • an emulsifying subsystem can be added, which can include an organophiUic clay (such as a mixture of a smectite clay with a quaternary ammonium compound, as described above).
  • the resulting emulsion thereby includes a concentration of about 30 pounds per barrel of the emulsifying subsystem.
  • Table 2 describes the measured rheology of the exemplary emulsion prepared by combining the contents described in Table 1. Specifically, Table 2 notes the measured rheology parameter (at 120 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Centigrade) at various revolutions per minute (ranging from 3 rpm to 600 rpm), as well as the plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of the exemplary emulsion. Measurements for each reading are provided before hot rolling of the exemplary emulsion, after hot rolling at 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65.5 degrees Centigrade) for 16 hours, and after hot rolling at 220 degrees Fahrenheit (105 degrees Centigrade) for 16 hours.
  • Table 3 below, describes the measured emulsion stability, high pressure-high temperature filtrate, and quantity of water measured in the exemplary emulsion.
  • PARAMETER BEFORE HOT AFTER HOT AFTER HOT ROLLING ROLLING (at 150 ROLLING (at 220 degrees F (65.5 degrees F (105 degrees C) for 16 degrees C) for 15 hours) hours)
  • Table 4 notes the measured rheology parameter at various revolutions per minute (ranging from 3 rpm to 600 rpm), as well as the plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength, emulsion stability, and HTHP filtrate measurement of the exemplary emulsion, both before and after the addition of the Bentone® 38.
  • Embodiments usable within the scope of the present disclosure thereby provide emulsions and methods of preparation and/or manufacture thereof, that are environmentally-friendly, can wholly replace use of conventional external emulsion phases (e.g. , diesel, mineral oil, synthetic oil) through use of a transester, and can wholly replace use of brines with polyols. Further, the preparation of such emulsions can be reduced to 2-3 steps through use of crude biodiesel products as an emulsion base and/or in situ preparation of emulsifying subsystems. Exemplary samples of such emulsions were shown to be stable at temperatures of 220 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 105 degrees Centigrade), or more, and at higher temperatures (e.g.
  • the addition of Bentone® 38 or a similar substance can improve the rheological properties, stability, and filtrate of the emulsion.
  • Embodiments of the present emulsion can be stable at higher temperatures without the addition of such components, depending on the contents and properties thereof. Additionally, embodied emulsions can contain little to no water. Thus, even at higher filtrates, the polyol or other internal phase that would contact the formation will not promote borehole instability.

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des émulsions qui peuvent être utilisées dans un puits de forage comme fluides de forage et qui peuvent être préparées en utilisant une base d'émulsion, qui comprend un produit de biodiesel brut, et l'ajout d'un sous-système de mise en émulsion à la base d'émulsion. Des particules solides dans le sous-système de mise en émulsion migrent aux interfaces entre des constituants continus et des constituants discontinus dans la base d'émulsion pour définir des phases de l'émulsion. Un agent alourdissant peut être ajouté, si nécessaire, pour fournir à l'émulsion une masse volumique de la boue appropriée en vue d'une utilisation dans un puits de forage particulier. Les produits biodiesel bruts pouvant être utilisés peuvent comprendre le produit non modifié d'une réaction de transestérification, qui comprend une phase ester continue et une phase alcool discontinue, sans nécessiter de séparation ni de modification. Les sous-systèmes de mise en émulsion utilisables peuvent être préparés in situ. Une utilisation d'esters, d'argiles et/ou d'alcools peut permettre la réduction ou l'élimination d'eau, de saumure et de produits pétrochimiques dans les émulsions.
PCT/US2013/075070 2012-12-13 2013-12-13 Émulsions et procédés pouvant être utilisés dans un puits de forage WO2014093854A1 (fr)

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US201261797687P 2012-12-13 2012-12-13
US61/797,687 2012-12-13
US13/986,235 2013-04-15
US13/986,235 US20140309146A1 (en) 2013-04-15 2013-04-15 Emulsions and methods usable within a wellbore

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Cited By (2)

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CN105349123A (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-02-24 中国石油大学(北京) 以生物柴油为分散相的水包油钻井液及其制备方法与应用
CN113980660A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-01-28 南京林业大学 纳米纤维素稳定的Pickering乳液型钻井液及其制备方法

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