WO2014090099A1 - 一种纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014090099A1
WO2014090099A1 PCT/CN2013/088372 CN2013088372W WO2014090099A1 WO 2014090099 A1 WO2014090099 A1 WO 2014090099A1 CN 2013088372 W CN2013088372 W CN 2013088372W WO 2014090099 A1 WO2014090099 A1 WO 2014090099A1
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Prior art keywords
paper
metal conductive
conductive layer
layer
flexible power
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PCT/CN2013/088372
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周军
钟其泽
钟俊文
胡彬
胡琦旖
王中林
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to US14/387,812 priority Critical patent/US9755553B2/en
Publication of WO2014090099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014090099A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/002—Electrostatic motors
    • H02N1/006—Electrostatic motors of the gap-closing type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, in which mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and more particularly to a paper-based flexible power generation device and a manufacturing method thereof, which comprise a novel flexible substrate, and has high power output, low cost, convenient processing and manufacturing and application. Wide and other characteristics.
  • the flexible power generation unit is more suitable for integration with new flexible electronic devices and provides energy for them.
  • leading electronics companies such as South Korea's Samsung have developed a flexible display screen concept mobile phone, which indicates the vigorous development of flexible personal computers and smart e-books.
  • the conventional flexible power generation device is mainly a flexible generator fabricated based on the piezoelectric effect.
  • These flexible generators are generally based on piezoelectric effects of one-dimensional nanomaterials such as zinc oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and lead zirconate titanate.
  • this Generator-like output power is generally It is also relatively low, and it takes a few hours to charge a small capacitor to accumulate an LED.
  • the bases used in this type of generator are mostly polymer plastic products. Most of these plastic products are environmentally unfriendly and relatively price-sensitive. expensive.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a paper-based flexible power generation device and a method of fabricating the same, which are related to a substrate material, a material and a working principle of a working element, a device structure, and a manufacturing method thereof. Improvements in processes, etc., can be obtained at a lower cost, are easier to process, have high output power, and are particularly suitable for flexible power generation devices integrated with other flexible electronic devices.
  • a paper-based flexible power generation device characterized in that the paper-based flexible power generation device comprises:
  • the first component is composed of a paper-based insulating layer and a first metal conductive layer deposited on a surface of the paper-based insulating layer, and an edge of the first metal conductive layer is formed with a first electrode;
  • the second component is composed of a paper-based insulating layer, a second metal conductive layer deposited on the surface of the paper-based insulating layer, and an electret material layer coated on the surface of the second metal conductive layer, and A second electrode is formed on an edge of the second metal conductive layer, wherein:
  • the first and second components are coupled at their outer edges by a packaging process, and the first metal conductive layer and the electret material layer are opposed to each other with a certain gap.
  • the paper-based flexible power generating device when the paper-based flexible power generating device is pressed and released, the gap between the electret material layer and the first metal conductive layer changes, the capacitance also changes, and the electrons are connected outside the electrode.
  • the circuit oscillates to form an alternating current.
  • the paper-based flexible power generating device is easy to combine with other flexible materials and effectively collect mechanical energy, for example, when it is pasted on a book page, it can be illuminated by flipping the book back and forth.
  • Two blue LEDs or liquid crystal displays have also proven to have the potential to integrate with and provide energy for flexible electronics.
  • the base of the power generating device is a paper-based material, which can be folded and bent, is easy to process, and has the characteristics of low cost, low pollution degree, and good power generation stability. Therefore, it is especially suitable for integration with other flexible electronic devices and daily life applications.
  • the paper-based insulating layer is made of a material such as kraft paper, drawing paper, paper or coated paper; the material of the electret material layer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly In the materials of vinylidene fluoride, polyethylene propylene copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate One or a combination thereof.
  • the insulating layer By selecting the above-mentioned paper material with good flexibility as the insulating layer, the effect of easy bending and folding, low cost and easy integration with other flexible electronic devices can be obtained correspondingly; in addition, it has good adsorption through appropriate electret materials. And the ability to store charge, can produce high output power, while being wear-resistant, bending-resistant and easy to process.
  • the first and second metal conductive layers are made of a material such as gold, silver, copper or aluminum.
  • a plurality of micro-nano-sized uneven structures are processed on a surface of the electret material layer opposite to the first metal conductive layer.
  • the surface area can be further increased, thereby increasing the ability to adsorb and hold charges. Accordingly, when the gap between the electret material layer having the micro/nano-scale uneven structure and the first metal conductive layer changes, higher output power can be obtained.
  • Cutting paper selected from materials such as kraft paper, drawing paper, written paper or coated paper into a sheet-like structure of a desired size, and depositing on the surface thereof by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation to form a first a metal conductive layer, the edge of the first metal conductive layer is processed to form a first electrode and is subjected to wire processing;
  • the conductive layer of the second metal conductive layer at the edge and having a certain area is applied with a protective layer, and then the suspension of the electret material is deposited on the remaining surface area by spin coating or spraying, and the electret material is baked.
  • the protective layer at the edge of the second metal conductive layer is removed, and the second electrode is processed at the position to be subjected to wire processing;
  • the first and second components obtained by the steps (a), (b) are coupled at their outer edges by a packaging process, and the first metal conductive layer and the electret material layer are opposed to each other, and Have a certain gap.
  • the material of the electret material layer is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol copolymer, polytrifluoroethylene.
  • One or a combination of materials such as vinyl chloride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer, polyimide, and polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the paper-based flexible power generation device and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention have the following technical advantages as compared with the prior art:
  • the effect is easy to bend and fold, low cost, pollution-free and easy to process in large quantities; in addition, by selecting the appropriate electret material It has good adsorption and charge retention properties, can produce high output power, and has the characteristics of wear resistance, bending resistance and easy processing;
  • the paper-based flexible power generation device is made of flexible material and can be folded and bent. Integration with other flexible electronic devices is especially suitable for integration with other flexible electronic devices and everyday applications.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a paper-based flexible power generator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a diagram showing the variation of current, voltage and power with load resistance of a paper-based flexible power generation device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 40 Hz and an excitation distance of 1.5 mm.
  • Graph
  • Figure 2b is a graph for charging a 4.7 capacitor under the condition that the frequency of the paper-based flexible power generation device according to the above embodiment of the present invention is 40 Hz and the excitation distance of the exciter is 1.5 mm;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for showing that a paper-based flexible power generation device according to the present invention is affixed to a book page, for example, by collecting mechanical energy generated by flipping a book;
  • Figures 4a and 4b are graphs showing the voltage and current flowing through the LED in the circuit of Figure 3a as a function of time.
  • a paper-based flexible power generating apparatus mainly comprises a first component 1 and a second component 2, wherein the first component 1 is made of a paper-based insulating layer 11 (for example, the material thereof can be directly taken from kraft paper, Such a flexible paper such as drawing paper, paper or coated paper) and deposited on the paper-based insulating layer 11 a first metal conductive layer 12 on a surface (shown as a lower surface), and an edge of the first metal conductive layer is formed with a first electrode 13, and the first electrode 13 can be connected to an external circuit through a lead wire;
  • the second component 2 is composed of a paper-based insulating layer 21, a second metal conductive layer 22 deposited on the surface of the paper-based insulating layer 21, and an electret material layer 23 coated on the surface of the conductive
  • the gap between the electret material layer and the first metal conductive layer is changed by connecting the first and second electrode leads and pressing the first and second components.
  • the capacitance also changes, causing the electrons to oscillate in an external circuit to form an alternating current.
  • a large number of test tests have shown that when the paper-based flexible power generation device is attached to a book page, by collecting the mechanical energy generated by flipping the pages, a certain amount of current can be generated and the generator can be illuminated to illuminate the two blue LEDs. Or LCD screen. This proves that it can integrate with and provide energy for other flexible electronic devices.
  • the power generating device is based on a paper base, it can be folded and bent, is easy to process, has low cost, is free from contamination, and has good power generation stability, and is therefore particularly suitable for use in the field of flexible electronics research, and can be widely applied to daily life.
  • the paper-based flexible power generation device of the present invention is equivalent to a parallel plate capacitor without considering the edge effect. Based on the Maxwell's equations related formula, the following formula 1 is used in equilibrium:
  • U BE is the potential of the first and second metal conductive layers respectively; ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ are the surface areal densities of the first and second metal conductive layers and the electret material layer respectively; ⁇ and ⁇ are respectively The thickness of the electret material layer and the distance of the gap; f. Is the dielectric constant of vacuum, which is an electret material The relative dielectric constant of the layer.
  • the amount of surface charge of the first metal conductive layer is Q, and S represents an effective area of the opposite portion between the first and second metal conductive layers.
  • the material of the paper-based insulating layers 11 and 21 may be selected from papers having better flexibility such as kraft paper, drawing paper, paper or coated paper, and the material of the electret material layer 23 may be selected from poly four.
  • the first and second metal conductive layers 12 and 22 may be made of one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and the like.
  • a plurality of micro-nano-scale concave-convex structures may be formed on the upper surface thereof, for example, the average size is A concavo-convex structure between several tens of nanometers and several micrometers. Tests have shown that the paper-based flexible power plant has a high power output, meeting the needs of most practical applications.
  • a paper selected from materials such as kraft paper, drawing paper, paper or coated paper is cut into a sheet-like structure of a desired size, and deposited on the surface thereof by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation to form a first metal conductive
  • the layer, the edge of the first metal conductive layer is processed to form a first electrode and is subjected to wire processing.
  • the paper of the same material selected from the group consisting of kraft paper, drawing paper, paper or coated paper is cut into a sheet-like structure of a desired size (or directly using the sheet-like paper base obtained in the previous step), and is magnetically splashed.
  • the electret material may be selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer.
  • One or a combination of materials polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and the like. After drying at high temperature, the electret material layer is polarized. The protective layer at the edge of the second metal conductive layer is then removed and processed at this location to form a second electrode and subjected to wire processing.
  • first and second components are assembled.
  • the outer edges of the two components are joined, and the first metal conductive layer and the electret material layer are opposed to each other with a certain gap, thereby completing the manufacturing process of the paper-based flexible power generating device.
  • Figure 2a is a graph showing current, voltage, and power as a function of load resistance for a paper-based flexible power plant having a frequency of 40 Hz and an exciton propulsion distance of 1.5 mm, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows that as the external load resistance increases, the current through the load decreases, and the voltage across the rise rises.
  • the external load resistance is 40 ⁇
  • the peak output power of the paper-based flexible power generator reaches the highest. The value is 90.6 W/cm 2 .
  • Figure 2b shows a graph of a paper-based flexible power plant charging a 4.7 capacitor at a frequency of 40 Hz and an excitation distance of 1.5 mm. It can be seen from the figure that the voltage across the capacitor can be increased to 5 V in just 20 seconds, indicating that the paper-based flexible power generation device of the invention can directly charge the electronic device and charge the energy storage device. .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit of illuminating the LED under the action of flipping back and forth after the paper-based flexible power generation device is attached to the book page, wherein the two blue LEDs are connected in anti-parallel, and the positive electric signal generated during the opening of the book page is shown in FIG. Lights up one LED, and the negative signal generated during the page reply process lights up another LEDo
  • 4a and 4b are graphs for showing that the paper-based flexible power generation device is attached to a book page, and the LED voltage current changes with time when the LED is illuminated by the flip-flop operation, and the two blue LEDs are shown.
  • the gate valve voltage is around 2.5 V, and the current required by a single LED is above 3 ⁇ .
  • the paper-based flexible power generation device operates on the electret charging, triboelectric charging and capacitance changing power generation effects, and is low in cost, simple in structure, convenient to use, and mass-produced.
  • the paper-based flexible power generation device of the invention has the characteristics of high electric energy output, and the overall structure thereof is made of flexible material, foldable and bendable, easy to process, and good in power generation stability. long life. It also facilitates integration with other flexible electronic products, and can even be directly mounted on human joints or other conventional driving tools to directly supply small, low-energy electronic products by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种纸基柔性发电装置以及其相应的制造方法，该柔性发电装置包括由纸基绝缘层（11）和沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第一金属导电层（12）共同组成的第一组件（1），以及由纸基绝缘层（21）、沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第二金属导电层（22）和涂覆在该第二金属导电层表面上的驻极体材料层（23）共同组成的第二组件（2）。这两个组件各自的边缘分别搭建有电极（13，24）并通过封装工艺予以联接，第一金属导电层与驻极体材料层之间相互对置且具备一定间隙。该柔性发电装置成本低廉、便于加工、具备高输出功率，尤其适用于与其他柔性电子器件相集成。

Description

一种纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法
【技术领域】
本发明属于机械能转化为电能的发电技术领域， 更具体地， 涉及一种 纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法， 其包括新型柔性基底， 并具备高电能输 出、 成本低廉、 便于加工制造和适用面广等特点。
【背景技术】
能源是人类发展必不可缺的资源， 从环境中更加有效方便地获取能源 一直是人类的追求。 近年来， 随着能源危机的持续恶化， 寻找绿色环保的 供能方式显得更加迫切。 实际上， 人类平时生活的环境甚至是人类自己就 是一个有效的能源来源， 因为人体的动作如行走， 以及人体动作带动其他 物件的运动如翻书等， 都会产生机械能， 收集并利用这些被忽视的能源是 很有前景的。 相应地， 能够将环境中的机械能有效转换成电能的柔性发电 装置已经问世。
柔性发电装置除了具有可卷曲弯折、 轻薄、 便于贴合运动物体来更有 效地收集能源等特点外， 更重要的是适合与新型的柔性电子器件相集成， 并为其提供能源。 目前， 韩国三星公司等领头电子企业已经开发出了柔性 显示屏幕概念手机， 预示着柔性个人电脑以及智能电子书等产品的蓬勃发 展。 而且从能源问题与技术发展趋势来看， 开发能与目前柔性电子器件集 成、 并能够方便有效地收集环境能源的柔性发电装置很有必要。
传统的柔性发电装置主要是基于压电效应而制作的柔性发电机。 这些 柔性发电机一般是基于氧化锌、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 锆钛酸铅等一维纳米材料 压电效应的器件。 然而， 这类发电机在应用方面仍然存在许多问题： 第一， 其繁琐的制作过程涉及材料的精细加工， 器件的精密封装， 相应导致其成 本相当高昂， 无法投入批量生产应用； 第二， 这类发电机的输出功率一般 也比较低，需要对一个小电容充电数小时后积累的电量才能点亮一个 LED; 第三， 这类发电机采用的基底大多是高分子塑料制品， 这些塑料制品大多 环境不友好， 而且价格相对昂贵。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷和 /或技术需求， 本发明的目的在于提供一种 纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法， 其通过对基底材质、 工作元件的材料和 工作原理 、 器件结构及其制造工艺等方面的改进， 可获得成本更为低廉、 便于加工、 具备高输出功率， 并且尤其适用于与其他柔性电子器件相集成 的柔性发电装置。
按照本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种纸基柔性发电装置， 其特征在于， 该纸基柔性发电装置包括：
第一组件， 该第一组件由纸基绝缘层和沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第 一金属导电层共同组成， 并且所述第一金属导电层的边缘形成有第一电极; 第二组件， 该第二组件由纸基绝缘层、 沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第 二金属导电层， 以及涂覆在该第二金属导电层表面上的驻极体材料层共同 组成， 并且所述第二金属导电层的边缘形成有第二电极， 其中：
所述第一、 第二组件通过封装工艺在其外侧边缘予以联接， 并且所述 第一金属导电层与所述驻极体材料层之间相互对置， 并具备一定间隙。
通过以上构思， 当按压及释放该纸基柔性发电装置时， 驻极体材料层 与第一金属导电层之间的间隙发生变化， 电容也会随着发生变化， 并导致 电子在电极联通的外电路中振荡， 形成交流电流。 尤其是， 通过较多的实 验测试表明， 这种纸基的柔性发电装置便于与其他柔性材质结合起来并有 效搜集机械能， 譬如当将其粘贴于书页上， 利用翻动书页来回的动作就能 够点亮两个蓝色 LED或者是液晶显示屏， 也证明它具有与柔性电子器件集 成并为其提供能源的潜力。 此外， 该发电装置的基底是纸基材质， 可以折 叠弯曲、 便于加工， 并具备成本低廉， 污染程度低， 发电稳定性好等特点， 因此尤其适用于与其他柔性电子装置的集成及日常生活应用。
作为进一步优选地， 所述纸基绝缘层由牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者 铜版纸等材质构成； 所述驻极体材料层的材质选自于聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯共聚物、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯 共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯共聚物、 聚酰亚胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯这些 材料中的一种或其组合。
通过选择柔韧性能好的上述纸质材料作为绝缘层， 可以相应获得易于 弯曲折叠、 成本低廉且易于与其他柔性电子器件加工集成的效果； 此外， 通过适当的驻极体材料， 其具备良好的吸附和保存电荷的性能， 可以产生 高输出功率， 同时具有耐磨、 耐弯曲和便于加工的特点。
作为进一步优选地， 所述第一、 第二金属导电层由金、 银、 铜或者铝 等材料构成。
通过将第一、 第二金属导电层的材质具体限定为以上类型， 较多的对 比测试结果表明， 其能够与纸基绝缘层及驻极体材料层很好地配合工作， 并具备较高的输出功率。
作为进一步优选地， 在所述驻极体材料层与第一金属导电层相对置的 表面上， 加工有多个微纳米量级的凹凸结构。
通过对驻极体材料层表面加工获得多个微纳米级的凹凸结构， 可以进 一步增加其表面积， 从而提高其吸附与保持电荷的能力。 相应地， 当这种 具有微纳米级别凹凸结构的驻极体材料层与第一金属导电层之间的间隙发 生变化时， 可以得到更高的输出功率。
按照本发明的另一方面， 还提供了相应的制造方法， 该制造方法包括 下列步骤：
( a ) 第一组件的制备步骤：
将选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张切割成所需 尺寸的片状结构， 并通过磁控溅射或热蒸镀方式在其表面上沉积形成第一 金属导电层， 该第一金属导电层的边缘被加工形成第一电极且做引线处理;
( b ) 第二组件的制备步骤：
将同样选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张切割成 所需尺寸的片状结构， 并通过磁控溅射或热蒸镀方式在其表面上沉积形成 第二金属导电层， 该第二金属导电层位于边缘处并具备一定面积的导电层 被施加保护层， 然后通过旋涂或喷涂方式将驻极体材料的悬浮液沉积在其 余的表面区域， 驻极体材料经过烘干处理发生极化后， 去除第二金属导电 层边缘处的保护层， 并在该位置加工形成第二电极且做引线处理；
( C ) 纸基柔性发电装置的封装步骤：
将通过步骤 （a)、 ( b ) 所制得的第一和第二组件通过封装工艺在其外 侧边缘予以联接， 并使得第一金属导电层与驻极体材料层之间相互对置， 并具备一定间隙。
作为进一步优选地， 在步骤 （b ) 中， 所述驻极体材料层的材质选自 于聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯共聚物、 聚三 氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯共聚物、 聚酰亚胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯这些材料中的一种或其组合。
总体而言， 按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法与现有技术 相比， 主要具备以下的技术优点：
1、 通过对纸基发电装置的基底以及产生电流元件的材料和发电工作原 理的研究和改进， 能够获得较高的输出功率， 并可直接用于驱动多种低功 率的电子广品；
2、 通过采用各类柔韧性较好的纸张直接作为柔性发电装置的基底， 相 应获得易于弯曲折叠、 成本低廉， 无污染且便于大批量加工制造的效果； 此外， 通过选择适当的驻极体材料， 其具备良好的吸附和保存电荷的性能， 可以产生高输出功率， 同时具有耐磨、 耐弯曲和便于加工的特点；
3、 该纸基柔性发电装置整体采用柔性材料制成， 可以折叠弯曲， 便于 与其他柔性电子器件进行集成， 因此尤其适用于与其他柔性电子装置的集 成及日常生活应用。
【附图说明】
图 1是按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置的整体结构示意图；
图 2a是用于显示按照本发明一个优选实施例所制得的纸基柔性发电装 置在频率为 40 Hz, 激振子推进距离为 1.5 mm的条件下， 其电流、 电压以 及功率随负载电阻变化的曲线图；
图 2b是用于显示按照本发明上述实施例所制得的纸基柔性发电装置在 频率为 40 Hz， 激振子推进距离为 1.5 mm的条件下， 对一个 4.7 的电容 充电的曲线图；
图 3是用于显示将按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置譬如粘贴在书页上， 通过搜集翻书所产生的机械能来点亮 LED的电路示意图；
图 4a、 4b分别是用于显示图 3a电路中流经 LED的电压、 电流随时间 变化的曲线图。
在所有附图中， 相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构， 其中： 1-第一组件 2-第二组件 11-纸基绝缘层 12-第一金属导电层 13- 第一电极 21-纸基绝缘层 22-第二金属导电层 23-驻极体材料层 24-第 二电极
【具体实舫式】
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白， 以下结合附图 及实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
图 1是按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置的整体结构示意图。 如图 1中 所示， 按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置主要包括第一组件 1和第二组件 2， 其中第一组件 1 由纸基绝缘层 11 (譬如， 其材质可直接取自牛皮纸、 绘图 纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等这类柔韧性较好的纸张） 和沉积在纸基绝缘层 11 一个表面 （图示为下表面） 上的第一金属导电层 12组成， 并且第一金属导 电层的边缘形成有第一电极 13，该第一电极 13通过引出导线即可与外部电 路相连通； 类似地， 第二组件 2由纸基绝缘层 21、 沉积在该纸基绝缘层 21 表面的第二金属导电层 22和涂覆在该导电层表面的驻极体材料层 23共同 组成， 并且第二金属导电层 22的边缘形成有第二电极 24， 该第二电极 24 同样通过引出导线可与第一电极和外部电路相连通。 上述第一、 第二组件 通过封装工艺在其外侧边缘予以联接， 并且第一金属导电层 12的下表面与 驻极体材料层 23的上表面之间相互对置， 并具备譬如呈拱形的一定间距。
当使用该纸基柔性发电装置时， 通过从第一、 第二电极引线连通， 并 按压第一和第二组件使其驻极体材料层与第一金属导电层之间的间隙发生 变化， 在此弯曲和恢复的过程中， 电容也会随着发生变化， 并导致电子在 外部电路中振荡， 形成交流电流。 例如， 大量的测试试验表明， 当将此纸 基柔性发电装置粘贴于书页上， 通过搜集翻动书页所产生的机械能， 即可 产生一定程度的电流并带动这类发电机点亮两个蓝色 LED 或者液晶显示 屏。 这证明其能与其他柔性电子器件进行集成， 并为其提供能源。 此外， 由于该发电装置是基于纸基， 可以折叠弯曲， 便于加工， 成本低廉， 无污 染， 发电稳定性好， 因此尤其适用于柔性电子学研究领域， 也可广泛应用 于日常生活。
下面将进一步解释按照本发明的纸基柔性发电装置的基本工作原理。 在不考虑边缘效应下， 本发明纸基柔性发电装置等效于平行平板电容。 根据麦克斯韦方程组相关公式推导， 在平衡时有下列公式 1 :
σ. σ σ
u BE d + d、 + d、 d、 = U T,E 0
2^o 2Vo 2εΓρε0 2ε0 2ε0εΓρ 2ε0
其中， UBE、 分别为第一、 第二金属导电层的电势； σι、 σ^Ρ σ分别 是第一、第二金属导电层和驻极体材料层的表面面密度； ^和 ^分别是驻极 体材料层的厚度和所述间隙的距离； f。为真空介电常数， 为驻极体材料 层的相对介电常数。
根据电荷守恒有：
- σ = σι -- σ2 (公式 2)
将公式 2代入公式 1中
σ
(公式 3 )
Figure imgf000009_0001
Q = a,S (公式 4)
其中， 第一金属导电层 面电荷量为 Q , S表示第一与第二金属导电 层之间相对置部分的有效面积。
此外， 根据电流的定义公式可知：
j = dQ_
(公式 5 )
因此根据公式 4、 5可推导得出电流 I 达式为
I
(公式 6)
根据上述公式以及推论结果可以看出， 当第一组件和第二组件间的空 气间隙发生变化时， 电子会在电极两端的外部电路中来回振荡， 进而形成 交流电压电流。 相应地， 本发明中利用上述原理来对纸基柔性发电装置的 功能组件及结构进行改变， 由此可获得与现有技术相比输出功率更高、 性 能更加稳定可靠的柔性发电装置。
在一个优选实施例中， 纸基绝缘层 11和 21 的材质可以选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等柔韧性较好的纸张， 驻极体材料层 23的材质 可以选自聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯共聚物、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯共聚物、 聚酰亚
、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等材料中的一种或其组合， 第一与第二金属导电 12和 22可以由金、 银、 铜、 铝等材料中的一种制成。 此外， 在另外一个优选实施例中， 为了进一步增加驻极体材料层的整 体表面积并提高其吸附与保持电荷的能力， 可以在其上表面加工形成有许 多微纳米级别凹凸结构， 譬如平均尺寸为几十纳米到几个微米之间的凹凸 结构。 测试表明能够使该纸基柔性发电装置具有高的功率输出， 符合大多 数实际运用场合的需求。
下面将具体描述按照本发明用于制造纸基柔性发电装置的工艺流程。 首先， 将选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张切割 成所需尺寸的片状结构， 并通过磁控溅射或热蒸镀方式在其表面上沉积形 成第一金属导电层， 该第一金属导电层的边缘被加工形成第一电极且做引 线处理。
接着， 将同样选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张 切割成所需尺寸的片状结构 （或者直接利用上一步骤所获得的片状纸基） ， 并通过磁控溅射、 热蒸镀或者其他方法沉积形成第二金属导电层； 该第二 金属导电层表面处于其边缘处并具备一定面积的导电层被施加保护层以便 在后续工艺中加工形成第二电极， 然后通过旋涂、 喷涂或者其他方法， 将 驻极体材料的悬浮液沉积在导电纸的第二金属导电层表面。 驻极体材料可 选自聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯共聚物、 聚 三氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯共聚物、 聚酰亚胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等材料中的一种或其组合。 高温烘干后， 对驻极体材 料层进行极化。 之后去除第二金属导电层边缘的保护层， 并在此位置处加 工形成第二电极并做引线处理。
最后， 对第一和第二组件进行组装处理。 将两个组件的外侧边缘相联 接， 并使得第一金属导电层与驻极体材料层相互对置并具备一定间隙， 由 此完成了纸基柔性发电装置的制造过程。
按照以上工艺流程制得纸基柔性发电装置后， 下面将对其进行一系列 的性能测试。 图 2a显示了按照本发明一个优选实施例所制得的纸基柔性发电装置在 频率为 40 Hz, 激振子推进距离为 1.5 mm条件下的电流、 电压以及功率随 负载电阻变化的曲线图。 图中显示， 在外部负载电阻不断增加情况下， 通 过负载的电流不断下降， 而两端电压却不断上升， 而当外部负载电阻为 40 ΜΩ时， 纸基柔性发电装置的负载输出峰值功率达到最高值 90.6 W/cm2。
图 2b显示了纸基柔性发电装置在频率为 40 Hz,激振子推进距离为 1.5 mm条件下， 对一个 4.7 电容充电的曲线图。 从图中可知， 在短短 20秒 内就能将此电容两端的电压值提高到 5 V，表明发明的纸基柔性发电装置除 了可以直接为电子器件提供能量， 还能对储能器件进行充电。
图 3显示了纸基柔性发电装置粘贴于书页上后， 在来回翻书动作的带 动下点亮 LED的电路示意图，其中两个蓝色 LED反向并联，书页翻开过程 中产生的正电信号点亮一个 LED, 书页回复过程中产生的负电信号点亮另 —个 LEDo
图 4a与 4b是用于显示纸基柔性发电装置粘贴于书页上， 在翻书来回 动作的带动下点亮 LED时经过 LED电压电流随时间变化的曲线图，图中显 示两个蓝色 LED的门阀电压都在 2.5 V左右，单个 LED被点亮时通过其电 流要求在 3μΑ以上。
由此可见， 本发明涉及的纸基柔性发电装置， 其基于驻极体带电， 摩 擦带电与电容变化发电效应进行工作， 并且成本低廉、 结构简单、 便于使 用和大规模生产制造。 与已有的其它微型能量收集方法相比， 本发明中的 纸基柔性发电装置具有电能输出高的特点， 同时它的整体结构采用柔性材 质， 可折叠弯曲， 易加工， 发电稳定性好， 使用寿命长。 此外也有利于与 其他柔性电子产品集成， 甚至可直接安装在人体关节部位或其他常规驱动 工具上， 通过将机械能转换为电能来为小型低能耗的电子产品直接供能。 该纸基柔性发电装置已展示出它良好的应用前景， 并在作为力、 压强传感 器等敏感元件方面同样具备着巨大的应用潜力。 本领域的技术人员容易理解， 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等 同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种纸基柔性发电装置， 其特征在于， 该纸基柔性发电装置包括： 第一组件， 该第一组件由纸基绝缘层和沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第 一金属导电层共同组成， 并且所述第一金属导电层的边缘形成有第一电极; 第二组件， 该第二组件由纸基绝缘层、 沉积于该纸基绝缘层表面的第 二金属导电层， 以及涂覆在该第二金属导电层表面上的驻极体材料层共同 组成， 并且所述第二金属导电层的边缘形成有第二电极， 其中：
所述第一、 第二组件通过封装工艺在其外侧边缘予以联接， 并且所述 第一金属导电层与所述驻极体材料层之间相互对置， 并具备一定间隙。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的纸基柔性发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述纸基绝 缘层由牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质构成； 所述驻极体材料 层的材质选自于聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯 共聚物、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯共聚物、 聚酰亚胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯这些材料中的一种或其组合。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的纸基柔性发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述第 一、 第二金属导电层由金、 银、 铜或者铝等材料构成。
4、 如权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的纸基柔性发电装置， 其特征在于， 在所述驻极体材料层与第一金属导电层相对置的表面上， 加工有多个微纳 米量级的凹凸结构。
5、一种用于制造纸基柔性发电装置的方法，该制造方法包括下列步骤:
( a ) 第一组件的制备步骤：
将选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张切割成所需 尺寸的片状结构， 并通过磁控溅射或热蒸镀方式在其表面上沉积形成第一 金属导电层， 该第一金属导电层的边缘被加工形成第一电极且做引线处理;
( b ) 第二组件的制备步骤： 将同样选自牛皮纸、 绘图纸、 书面纸或者铜版纸等材质的纸张切割成 所需尺寸的片状结构， 并通过磁控溅射或热蒸镀方式在其表面上沉积形成 第二金属导电层， 该第二金属导电层位于边缘处并具备一定面积的导电层 被施加保护层， 然后通过旋涂或喷涂方式将驻极体材料的悬浮液沉积在其 余的表面区域， 驻极体材料经过烘干处理发生极化后， 去除第二金属导电 层边缘处的保护层， 并在该位置加工形成第二电极且做引线处理；
( C ) 纸基柔性发电装置的封装步骤：
将通过步骤 （a)、 ( b ) 所制得的第一和第二组件通过封装工艺在其外 侧边缘予以联接， 并使得第一金属导电层与驻极体材料层之间相互对置， 并具备一定间隙。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在步骤 （b ) 中， 所述驻 极体材料层的材质选自于聚四氟乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚偏二氟乙烯、 聚乙丙烯共聚物、 聚三氟氯乙烯、 乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物、 偏氟乙烯三氟乙 烯共聚物、 聚酰亚胺、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯这些材料中的一种或其组合。
PCT/CN2013/088372 2012-12-15 2013-12-03 一种纸基柔性发电装置及其制造方法 Ceased WO2014090099A1 (zh)

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